CN105075829B - A kind of method for cultivating tomato health seedling - Google Patents
A kind of method for cultivating tomato health seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN105075829B CN105075829B CN201510538592.7A CN201510538592A CN105075829B CN 105075829 B CN105075829 B CN 105075829B CN 201510538592 A CN201510538592 A CN 201510538592A CN 105075829 B CN105075829 B CN 105075829B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for cultivating tomato health seedling, by turf, vermiculite, perlite 6: 3: 1 uniform mixed preparing seedling medium by volume, carries out hole plate seedling growth;Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 50mgkg when tomato emergence to cotyledon deploys‑1The 8ml of the potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5;It is 20mgkg that 1st lobus cardiacus dew point, which pours to every plant during 11 heart of leaf and apply concentration,‑1The 10ml of the Prohexadione calcium aqueous solution 8;Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 500mgkg during 21 heart of leaf‑1The 15ml of chitosan aqueous solution 12;Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 100mgkg during 31 heart of leaf‑1The 15ml of the potassium phosphite aqueous solution 12.The rice shoot that the present invention is brought out is better than conventional hole plate seedling growth in root activity, seedling vigorous index, bud differentiation, disease resistance and yield etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of tomato seedling, specifically, is related to a kind of method for cultivating tomato health seedling,
Belong to vegetables seedling-raising technique field.
Background technology
Tomato is widely used to produce.Hole plate seedling growth is to make nursery base with light materials such as turf, vermiculites
Matter, using precision drilling, the modernization nursery system of once-seedling forming.Traditional hole plate seedling growth technology has energy-conservation, saving of labor, province
Power, seedbed area is saved, economize on kind, be easy to long distance transportation to also allow for using the advantages that standardizing seedling management technology, it is fixed
Plant easily survives, no seedling-slowing stage, and nursery production realizes specialized, mechanization, and commercialization is realized for seedling.
In process of the present invention is realized, inventor has found problems with the prior art at least be present:Traditional tomato cave
Disk seedling-raising technique causes the quality of seedlings to decline, main table because the factors such as hole plate seedling growth environment tend to cause rice shoot excessive growth
Now poor for the rooting ability after rice shoot field planting, growth potential is weak, and malformed fruit rate is high(Mainly seedling stage bud differentiation is bad caused), resist
Characteristic of disease is poor, yields poorly.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to be directed to problem above, there is provided a kind of method for cultivating tomato health seedling,
Rice shoot excessive growth can effectively be suppressed, be advantageous to nurturing staff, promote root system development, improve root activity and seedling vigorous index;Promote flower
Bud well breaks up, and reduces malformed fruit rate, improves the commodity of fruit;Strengthen the disease resistance of rice shoot, reduce the use of chemical pesticide
Number and dosage;Improve tomato yield.
To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:The method for cultivating tomato health seedling, by turf, leech
Stone, perlite 6: 3: 1 uniform mixed preparing seedling medium by volume, carry out Tomato after medium in tray, including with
Lower step:
1)Tomato seeds are sowed at 72 hole standard hole trays, and every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 50mg when seed germination to cotyledon deploys
kg-1Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5-8ml;
2)It is 20mgkg that 1st lobus cardiacus dew point, which pours to every plant during 11 heart of leaf and apply concentration,-1Prohexadione calcium aqueous solution 8-
10ml;
3)Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 500mgkg during 21 heart of leaf-1Chitosan aqueous solution 12-15ml;
4)Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 100mgkg during 31 heart of leaf-1Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 12-15ml.
A kind of prioritization scheme:The seedling medium also adds appropriate full dissolubility all-element compound fertilizer, makes seedling medium initial
Nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively:60-80mg·kg-1、20-40mg·kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element
In right amount, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1。
Further, rice shoot seedling vigorous index is 0.0275-0.0325, improves 22.2%-32.2%;
Rice shoot root activity is 78.9mgg-1·h-1-83.7mg·g-1·h- 1,, improve 16.9%-21.3%;
The first fringe fruit malformed fruit rate is 0 after rice shoot field planting;
Chemical pesticide can be reduced in production using 3-5 times, chemical pesticide usage amount reduces more than 40%;
Yield is 9927.4-13104.5kg/ mus after rice shoot field planting, increases production 16.5%-23.3%.
Standard hole tray is more cavities containers for vegetables nursery, is made of plastics, the size of standard hole tray is long 52cm
× wide 28cm × high 4.5cm.
Using above technical scheme, compared with prior art, there is advantages below:
(1)Rice shoot excessive growth can effectively be suppressed, be advantageous to nurturing staff, promote root system development, root activity is improved and strengthen
Seedling index.According to experiment, gained rice shoot seedling vigorous index is 0.0275-0.0325, and more conventional Plug seedling of educating improves 22.2%-32.2%;
Root activity is 78.9mgg-1·h-1-83.7mg·g-1·h- 1,, more conventional hole plate seedling growth raising 16.9%-21.3%.
(2)Rice shoot bud differentiation is good, is advantageous to improve the commodity of fruit.According to experiment, gained rice shoot tamato fruit is abnormal
Shape fruit rate is 0, and conventional Plug seedling tamato fruit malformed fruit rate is 11.2%-16.3%.
(3)Rice shoot disease resistance is strong, is advantageous to realize that the decrement of chemical pesticide uses on tomato cultivation.According to experiment, gained
The incidence of disease of the disease such as field virosis, Bacterialpithnecrosis, late blight is far below conventional hole plate seedling growth after rice shoot field planting,
Chemical pesticide can be reduced in production using 3-5 times, chemical pesticide usage amount reduces more than 40%.
(4)Be advantageous to improve tomato yield.According to experiment, 667m after the field planting of gained rice shoot2Yield is 9927.4-
13104.5kg/ mus, more conventional hole plate seedling growth improve 16.5%-23.3%.
Selection and the dosage of potassium phosphite, Prohexadione calcium and chitosan in the present invention, are the biological characteristics according to tomato
Result of the test in Tomato of property, the effect of tomato physiology, plant growth regulator, and the present inventor and it is true
Fixed.Watering is the most frequent field operation of hole plate seedling growth, and potassium phosphite, Prohexadione calcium and pouring for chitosan are applied and adjoint can watered
Carry out, do not increase recruitment.
The raw materials used present invention is to allow what is used in agricultural production, and raw materials market is on sale.
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is for the ease of understanding the present invention, without the claim and core limiting the invention in any way
Content.
Embodiment 1, heliogreenhouse autumn delay stubble cultivated tomato, varieties of plant Di Liao, sowing on July 1, August are determined on the 5th
Plant, place is in Shandong Shouguang green house of vegetables.If 2 processing, other in addition to desired measure from 72 hole standard hole trays
Control measures are identical.
Processing 1:Using the inventive method nursery
By turf, vermiculite, perlite, 6: 3: 1 uniform mixing are matched somebody with somebody by volume, while are added the appropriate complete full element of dissolubility and answered
Seedling medium is prepared in Hefei, makes seedling medium initial nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively:60-80mg·kg-1、20-40mg·
kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1, Tomato Plug is carried out after medium in tray and is educated
Seedling;Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 50mgkg when after planting seed germination to cotyledon deploys-1Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5-8ml;1st
It is 20mgkg that piece lobus cardiacus dew point, which pours to every plant during 11 heart of leaf and applies concentration,-1Prohexadione calcium aqueous solution 8-10ml;It is every during 21 heart of leaf
It is 500mgkg that strain, which is poured and applies concentration,-1Chitosan aqueous solution 12-15ml;Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 100mgkg during 31 heart of leaf-1
Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 12-15ml.
Processing 2:Conventional method nursery
By 6: 3: the 1 uniformly mixing by volume of turf, vermiculite, perlite, while add the full elements compounding of appropriate full dissolubility
Fertilizer prepares seedling medium, makes seedling medium initial nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively:60-80mg·kg-1、20-40mg·
kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1, Tomato Plug is carried out after medium in tray and is educated
Seedling, according to a conventional method spray on plants hormone control rice shoot excessive growth.
It is colonized during above-mentioned each processing 41 heart of leaf of rice shoot, measure rice shoot root activity and seedling vigorous index before being colonized;Adjusted after field planting
The malformed fruit incidence of tomato the first fringe fruit is looked into, analyzes rice shoot bud differentiation situation;Investigating field diseases, a situation arises, analyzes seedling
The disease resistance of seedling;Count tomato total output.
Through experiment, the rice shoot seedling vigorous index that the present invention cultivates is 0.0275, the rice shoot strong sprout that conventional hole plate seedling growth is brought out
Index is 0.0208, and the more conventional hole plate seedling growth of the present invention improves 32.2%, and difference reaches the level of signifiance.
The rice shoot root activity that the present invention cultivates is 81.4mgg-1·h-1, the rice shoot root system of conventional hole plate seedling growth cultivation
Vigor is 67.1mgg-1·h-1, the more conventional hole plate seedling growth of the present invention improves 21.3%, significant difference.
The first fringe fruit malformed fruit rate is 0 after the rice shoot field planting that the present invention cultivates, and the seedling that conventional hole plate seedling growth is cultivated
Seedling the first fringe fruit malformed fruit rate is 12.2%, illustrates that the rice shoot bud differentiation that the present invention cultivates is good.
The field virosis incidence of disease is 1.3% after the rice shoot field planting that the present invention cultivates, and conventional hole plate seedling growth is 11.5%,
Difference reaches the level of signifiance.The rice shoot disease resistance that the present invention cultivates is strong, and chemical pesticide can be reduced in production and is used 3 times, chemical agriculture
Medicine usage amount reduces more than 40%.
Total output is 11925.8kg667m after the rice shoot field planting that the present invention cultivates-2, what conventional hole plate seedling growth was cultivated
Total output is 9725.5kg667m after rice shoot field planting-2, the more conventional hole plate seedling growth of the present invention improves 22.6%, and difference is up to notable
It is horizontal.
Embodiment 2, heliogreenhouse early spring stubble cultivated tomato, varieties of plant are Pola, are sowed December 10, the 2nd year January 25
Day field planting, place is in Shandong Shouguang green house of vegetables.If 2 processing, from 72 hole standard hole trays, in addition to desired measure,
Other control measures are identical.
Processing 1:Using the inventive method nursery
By turf, vermiculite, perlite 6: 3: 1 uniform mixed preparing, while add the full element of appropriate full dissolubility by volume
Seedling medium is prepared by composite fertilizer, makes seedling medium initial nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively:60-80mg·kg-1、20-
40mg·kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1, tomato is carried out after medium in tray
Hole plate seedling growth;Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 50mgkg when after planting seed germination to cotyledon deploys-1Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5-
8ml;It is 20mgkg that 1st lobus cardiacus dew point, which pours to every plant during 11 heart of leaf and apply concentration,-1Prohexadione calcium aqueous solution 8-10ml;2 leaves 1
Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 500mgkg during the heart-1Chitosan aqueous solution 12-15ml;Every plant is poured and applies concentration and be during 31 heart of leaf
100mg·kg-1Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 12-15ml.
Processing 2:Conventional method nursery
By 6: 3: the 1 uniformly mixing by volume of turf, vermiculite, perlite, while add the full elements compounding of appropriate full dissolubility
Fertilizer prepares seedling medium, makes seedling medium initial nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively:60-80mg·kg-1、20-40mg·
kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1, Tomato Plug is carried out after medium in tray and is educated
Seedling, according to a conventional method spray on plants hormone control rice shoot excessive growth.
It is colonized during above-mentioned each processing 41 heart of leaf of rice shoot, measure rice shoot root activity and seedling vigorous index before being colonized;Adjusted after field planting
The malformed fruit incidence of tomato the first fringe fruit is looked into, analyzes rice shoot bud differentiation situation;Investigating field diseases, a situation arises, analyzes seedling
The disease resistance of seedling;Count tomato total output.
Through experiment, the rice shoot seedling vigorous index that the present invention cultivates is 0.0305, the rice shoot strong sprout that conventional hole plate seedling growth is cultivated
Index is 0.0243, and the more conventional hole plate seedling growth of the present invention improves 25.5%, and difference reaches the level of signifiance.
The rice shoot root activity that the present invention cultivates is 78.9mgg-1·h-1, the rice shoot root system of conventional hole plate seedling growth cultivation
Vigor is 67.5mgg-1·h-1, the more conventional hole plate seedling growth of the present invention improves 16.9%, significant difference.
The first fringe fruit malformed fruit rate is 0 after the rice shoot field planting that the present invention cultivates, and the seedling that conventional hole plate seedling growth is cultivated
Seedling the first fringe fruit malformed fruit rate is 16.3%, illustrates that the rice shoot bud differentiation that the present invention cultivates is good.
The field Bacterialpithnecrosis incidence of disease is 0 after the rice shoot field planting that the present invention cultivates, and conventional hole plate seedling growth
For 5.7%, difference reaches the level of signifiance.The rice shoot disease resistance that the present invention cultivates is strong, and chemical pesticide can be reduced in production using 5 times,
Chemical pesticide usage amount reduces more than 40%.
Total output is 9927.4kg667m after the rice shoot field planting that the present invention cultivates-2, what conventional hole plate seedling growth was cultivated
Total output is 8520.7kg667m after rice shoot field planting-2, the more conventional hole plate seedling growth of the present invention improves 16.5%, and difference is up to notable
It is horizontal.
Embodiment 3, day-light greenhouse winter spring stubble cultivated tomato, varieties of plant are Provence, and September is sowed on the 5th, October 10
Field planting, place is in Shandong Shouguang green house of vegetables.If 2 processing, from 72 hole standard hole trays, in addition to desired measure, its
Its control measures is identical.
Processing 1:Using the inventive method nursery
By 6: 3: the 1 uniformly mixing by volume of turf, vermiculite, perlite, while add the full elements compounding of appropriate full dissolubility
Fertilizer prepares seedling medium, makes seedling medium initial nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively:60-80mg·kg-1、20-40mg·
kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1, Tomato Plug is carried out after medium in tray and is educated
Seedling;Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 50mgkg when after planting seed germination to cotyledon deploys-1G potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5-8ml;The
It is 20mgkg that 1 lobus cardiacus dew point, which pours to every plant during 11 heart of leaf and applies concentration,-1Prohexadione calcium aqueous solution 8-10ml;It is every during 21 heart of leaf
It is 500mgkg that strain, which is poured and applies concentration,-1Chitosan aqueous solution 12-15ml;Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 100mgkg during 31 heart of leaf-1
Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 12-15ml.
Processing 2:Conventional method nursery
By 6: 3: the 1 uniformly mixing by volume of turf, vermiculite, perlite, while add the full elements compounding of appropriate full dissolubility
Fertilizer prepares seedling medium, makes seedling medium initial nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively:60-80mg·kg-1、20-40mg·
kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1, Tomato Plug is carried out after medium in tray and is educated
Seedling, according to a conventional method spray on plants hormone control rice shoot excessive growth.
It is colonized during above-mentioned each processing 41 heart of leaf of rice shoot, measure rice shoot root activity and seedling vigorous index before being colonized;Adjusted after field planting
The malformed fruit incidence of tomato the first fringe fruit is looked into, analyzes rice shoot bud differentiation situation;Investigating field diseases, a situation arises, analyzes seedling
The disease resistance of seedling;Count tomato total output.
Through experiment, the rice shoot seedling vigorous index that the present invention cultivates is 0.0325, the rice shoot strong sprout that conventional hole plate seedling growth is cultivated
Index is 0.0266, and the more conventional hole plate seedling growth of the present invention improves 22.2%, and difference reaches the level of signifiance.
The rice shoot root activity that the present invention cultivates is 83.7mgg-1·h-1, the rice shoot root system of conventional hole plate seedling growth cultivation
Vigor is 70.6mgg-1·h-1, the more conventional hole plate seedling growth of the present invention improves 18.6%, significant difference.
The first fringe fruit malformed fruit rate is 0 after the rice shoot field planting that the present invention cultivates, and the seedling that conventional hole plate seedling growth is cultivated
Seedling the first fringe fruit malformed fruit rate is 11.2%, illustrates that the rice shoot bud differentiation that the present invention cultivates is good.
The field late blight incidence of disease is 3.5% after the rice shoot field planting that the present invention cultivates, and conventional hole plate seedling growth is 27.3%,
Difference reaches the level of signifiance.The rice shoot disease resistance that the present invention cultivates is strong, and chemical pesticide can be reduced in production and is used 4 times, chemical agriculture
Medicine usage amount reduces more than 40%.
Total output is 13104.5kg667m after the rice shoot field planting that the present invention cultivates-2, what conventional hole plate seedling growth was cultivated
Total output is 10629.6kg667m after rice shoot field planting-2, the more conventional hole plate seedling growth of the present invention improves 23.3%, and difference is up to notable
It is horizontal.
Citing described above for best mode for carrying out the invention, wherein the part do not addressed in detail is that this area is common
The common knowledge of technical staff.Protection scope of the present invention is defined by the content of claim, any technology based on the present invention
The equivalent transformation for enlightening and carrying out, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. method for cultivating tomato health seedling, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:1)Tomato seeds are sowed at the 72 hole standard hole trays equipped with seedling medium, and every plant is poured and applies concentration when seed germination to cotyledon deploys For 50mgkg-1Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5-8ml;2)It is 20mgkg that 1st lobus cardiacus dew point, which pours to every plant during 11 heart of leaf and apply concentration,-1Prohexadione calcium aqueous solution 8-10ml;3)Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 500mgkg during 21 heart of leaf-1Chitosan aqueous solution 12-15ml;4)Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 100mgkg during 31 heart of leaf-1Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 12-15ml;Rice shoot is used for tomato cultivation, and the first fringe fruit malformed fruit rate is 0;The incidence of disease of the diseases such as virosis, Bacterialpithnecrosis, late blight is low, reduces chemical pesticide and uses 3-5 times, chemistry Pesticide use amount reduces more than 40%.
- 2. the method for tomato health seedling is cultivated according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The seedling medium is by turf, leech Stone, perlite 6: 3: 1 uniform mixed preparing by volume.
- 3. the method for tomato health seedling is cultivated according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The seedling medium addition is appropriate complete Dissolubility all-element compound fertilizer, make seedling medium initial nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively:60-80mg·kg-1、20- 40mg·kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1。
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