CN105123283B - A kind of method for cultivating cucumber health grafting - Google Patents
A kind of method for cultivating cucumber health grafting Download PDFInfo
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- CN105123283B CN105123283B CN201510538614.XA CN201510538614A CN105123283B CN 105123283 B CN105123283 B CN 105123283B CN 201510538614 A CN201510538614 A CN 201510538614A CN 105123283 B CN105123283 B CN 105123283B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for cultivating cucumber health grafting, by turf, vermiculite, perlite 6: 3: 1 mixture seedling medium by volume, makees stock from African teaselgourd, carries out hole tray graft seedling growth；For stock than scion early sowing 57 days, stock was sowed at 72 hole disks；Scion is sowed at square position；Stock sprout to cotyledon deploy when every plant pour and apply 50mgkg‑1The 8ml of the potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5；The 1st true leaf of stock dew heart, thick 2.5 3mm of stem, scion cotyledon greening, grafting during stem thick 1.5 2mm；When the 2nd true leaf length of scion reaches 1cm after grafting, every plant is poured and applies 20mgkg‑1The 10ml of the Prohexadione calcium aqueous solution 8；When the 3rd true leaf length of scion reaches 1cm after grafting, every plant is poured and applies 100mgkg‑1The 12ml of the toxic fluoride phosphate aqueous solution 10, the grafting that brings out of the present invention has significantly prevention effect in field to root knot nematode disease and virosis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of cucumber seedling, specifically, is related to a kind of cultivation cucumber health grafting
Method, belong to vegetables seedling-raising technique field.
Background technology
Cucumber is the principal item of vegetable at protected field production, because continuous cropping for many years is cultivated, root knot nematode disease and virosis
Occur to often result in as the destructive disease of Protected Production of Vegetables in the trend risen year by year, root knot nematode disease and virosis
Severe Reduction even has no harvest.Meanwhile traditional cucumber hole tray graft seedling growth technology is often held due to factors such as hole plate seedling growth environment
Grafting excessive growth is easily caused, causes grafting Quality Down.
The preventing and treating to the difficult disease such as cucumber root-knot nematode and virosis does not have special effect agent also at present, solves the problem most
Effective method is to promote the use of resistant variety.But in the case where lacking resistant variety, cultivating healthy seedling just turns into preventing and treating
Root-knot nematode and the simple and highly effective measure of virosis.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to be directed to problem above, there is provided a kind of side for cultivating cucumber health grafting
Method, overcome prior art can not effectively reduce root-knot nematode and virosis, easily cause grafting excessive growth, grafting Quality Down,
The defects of yielding poorly, after the inventive method, the generation of the difficult disease such as root-knot nematode and virosis can be effectively prevented, reduced
The use of chemical pesticide, while be advantageous to nurturing staff, promote bud well to break up, realize cucumber stable high yield.
To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：A kind of method for cultivating cucumber health grafting, its
It is characterised by comprising the following steps：
1）Make stock from African teaselgourd, than scion planting early enough 5-7 days, stock seed was sowed at equipped with seedling medium stock
72 hole standard hole trays, ingraftment seed are sowed at the flat seedlings nursing plate equipped with seedling medium, and often disk broadcasts 500；
2）Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 50mgkg when stock seed germination to cotyledon deploys-1Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5-
8ml；
3）True leaf is not revealed in the 1st true leaf of stock dew heart, the thick 2.5-3mm of stem, scion, cotyledon greening, transfers during the thick 1.5-2mm of stem
Connect；
4）When the 2nd true leaf length of scion reaches 1cm after grafting, every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 20mgkg-1Prohexadione calcium
Aqueous solution 8-10ml；
5）When the 3rd true leaf length of scion reaches 1cm after grafting, every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 100mgkg-1Toxic fluoride phosphate water
Solution 10-12ml.
A kind of prioritization scheme, the stock and scion use tip cutting connection grafting.
Further, seedling medium is by turf, vermiculite, perlite 6: 3: 1 uniform mixed preparing by volume.
Further, the appropriate full dissolubility all-element compound fertilizer of seedling medium addition, make the initial nutrient N of seedling medium,
P2O5、K2O content is respectively：60-80mg·kg-1、20-40mg·kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC
Value 1.0-1.5mscm-1。
Further, gained grafting seedling vigorous index is 0.0297-0.0308, improves 27.3%-30.3%；
Grafting root activity is 81.5mgg-1·h-1-82.5mg·g-1·h-1, improve 20.2%-20.8%；
Grafting field planting restrovirus disease, the incidence of disease of root-knot nematode are 0；
Chemical pesticide can be reduced in production using 4-5 times, chemical pesticide usage amount reduces more than 40%；
Grafting Section 1 position female flower reduces 0.7-1 sections；
Yield is 16918.3-18537.8kg/ mus, increases production 20.2%-21.3%.
Standard hole tray is more cavities containers for vegetables nursery, is made of plastics, long 52cm × wide 28cm × height
4.5cm。
Flat seedlings nursing plate is made of plastics, long 60cm × wide 30cm × high 6cm.
Teaselgourd is a kind of muskmelon wild relatives, quoted from Africa, scientific nameC.metuliferus var.。
Selection and the dosage of potassium phosphite, Prohexadione calcium and toxic fluoride phosphate in the present invention, are the biological characteristics according to cucumber
Property, and result of the test of the present inventor in color green pepper hole plate seedling growth and determine.Watering is the most frequent field of hole plate seedling growth
Operation, potassium phosphite, Prohexadione calcium and pouring for toxic fluoride phosphate are applied and can carried out with watering, do not increase recruitment.
Using above technical scheme, compared with prior art, there is advantages below：
（1）Grafting green cucumber seedling disease resistance is strong, and the incidence of disease of field root knot nematode disease and virosis is far below conventional after field planting
Hole tray grafting.According to experiment, under conditions of without any chemical pesticide control, field virosis after the field planting of gained grafting,
The incidence of disease of root-knot nematode is 0.
（2）Grafting excessive growth can effectively be suppressed, be advantageous to nurturing staff, promote root system development, improve root activity and
Seedling vigorous index.According to experiment, gained grafting seedling vigorous index is 0.0297-0.0308；Grafting root activity is 81.5mgg-1·h-1-82.5mg·g-1·h-1。
（3）Be advantageous to realize that the decrement of chemical pesticide uses on cucumber cultivation.According to experiment, gained grafting removes Gao Kanggen
Outside Root-knot and virosis, other Common Diseases Field diseases are also far below conventional hole plate seedling growth, can reduction in production
Learn Pesticide use 4-5 times, chemical pesticide usage amount reduces more than 40%.
（4）Female flower differentiation is may advantageously facilitate, solid flower section position is reduced, improves early yield.According to experiment, gained grafting is female
Pickled cucumbers tire is loose, full, and Section 1 position female flower reduces 0.7-1 sections.
（5）Be advantageous to improve cucumber total output.According to experiment, gained grafting yield is 16918.3-18537.8kg/ mus,
Increase production 20.2%-21.3%.
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is for the ease of understanding the present invention, without the claim and core limiting the invention in any way
Content.
Embodiment 1, heliogreenhouse autumn delay stubble cultivated cucumber, the scion variety of plantation is Xinjin 11, is sowed July 1,
August is colonized on the 5th, and place is in Shandong Shouguang green house of vegetables.If 2 processing, without using any preventing and treating root-knot nematode and virosis
Chemical pesticide, in addition to desired measure, other control measures are identical.
Processing 1：Grafting is cultivated using the inventive method
By 6: 3: the 1 uniformly mixing by volume of turf, vermiculite, perlite, while add the full elements compounding of appropriate full dissolubility
Fertilizer prepares seedling medium, makes seedling medium initial nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively：60-80mg·kg-1、20-40mg·
kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1, Cucumber disk is carried out after medium in tray and is transferred
Connect nursery；Stock selects African teaselgourd, and for stock than scion planting early enough 5-7 days, stock seed was sowed at 72 hole standard hole trays；Scion kind
Son is sowed at flat seedlings nursing plate, and often disk broadcasts 500；Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 50mgkg when stock seed germination to cotyledon deploys-1
Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5-8ml；True leaf, cotyledon greening, stem are not revealed in the 1st true leaf dew heart of stock, the thick 2.5-3mm of stem, scion
Tip cutting connection grafting is used during thick 1.5-2mm；When the 2nd true leaf length of scion reaches 1cm after grafting, every plant is poured and applies concentration and be
20mg·kg-1Prohexadione calcium aqueous solution 8-10ml；When the 3rd true leaf length of scion reaches 1cm after grafting, every plant is poured and applies concentration
For 100mgkg-1Toxic fluoride phosphate aqueous solution 10-12ml.
Processing 2：Conventional method cultivates grafting
By 6: 3: the 1 uniformly mixing by volume of turf, vermiculite, perlite, while add the full elements compounding of appropriate full dissolubility
Fertilizer prepares seedling medium, makes seedling medium initial nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively：60-80mg·kg-1、20-40mg·
kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1, Cucumber disk is carried out after medium in tray and is transferred
Connect nursery；Stock breeding black seed pumpkin, for stock than scion planting early enough 5-7 days, stock seed was sowed at 72 hole standard hole trays；Scion kind
Son is sowed at flat seedlings nursing plate, and often disk broadcasts 500；True leaf, cotyledon are not revealed in the 1st true leaf dew heart of stock, the thick 2.5-3mm of stem, scion
Greening, tip cutting connection grafting is used during the thick 1.5-2mm of stem；Spray on plants hormone control rice shoot excessive growth according to a conventional method.
Root activity and seedling vigorous index are determined during above-mentioned each processing rice shoot field planting；Cucumber root-knot nematode and disease are investigated after field planting
Viral disease field incidence, analyze the disease resistance of rice shoot；Female flower size and First female flower are investigated, analyzes Female flower differentiation quality.
Through experiment, the grafting seedling vigorous index that the present invention cultivates is 0.0297, and what conventional hole tray graft seedling growth was brought out transfers
Seedlings picking seedling vigorous index is 0.0228, and the more conventional hole tray graft seedling growth of the present invention improves 30.3%, and difference reaches the level of signifiance.
The grafting root activity that the present invention cultivates is 82.5mgg-1·h-1, what conventional hole tray graft seedling growth was cultivated transfers
Seedlings picking root activity is 68.3mgg-1·h-1, the more conventional hole tray graft seedling growth of the present invention improves 20.8%, and difference is up to notable
It is horizontal.
Under conditions of without any chemical pesticide control, field root-knot nematode after the grafting field planting that the present invention cultivates
The incidence of disease is 0, and the field root-knot nematode incidence of disease is 45.8% after the grafting field planting that conventional hole tray graft seedling growth is cultivated, poor
It is different to reach the level of signifiance, illustrate the grafting root-knot nematode resistant that the present invention cultivates.
Under conditions of without any chemical pesticide control, field virosis hair after the grafting field planting that the present invention cultivates
Sick rate is 0, and the field virosis incidence of disease is 13.6% after the grafting field planting that conventional hole tray graft seedling growth is cultivated, and difference reaches
The level of signifiance, illustrate the grafting viral diseases that the present invention cultivates.
Not only high root-knot nematode resistant, virosis, other disease Field diseases are also remote for the grafting that the present invention cultivates
Less than conventional hole plate seedling growth, chemical pesticide can be reduced in production using 4 times, chemical pesticide usage amount reduces more than 40%.
The grafting female flower that the present invention cultivates is loose, full, and Section 1 position female flower average out to 3.5 saves, conventional hole plate seedling growth training
The grafting female flower slight of stature brought out, Section 1 position female flower average out to 4.2 are saved, and the more conventional hole plate seedling growth Section 1 position female flower of the present invention is put down
0.7 section is reduced, illustrates that bud differentiation of the present invention is good.
The grafting 667m that the present invention cultivates2Yield is 18537.8kg, the grafting that conventional hole plate seedling growth is cultivated
667m2Yield is 15281.5kg, and the more conventional hole plate seedling growth of the present invention improves 21.3%.
Embodiment 2, heliogreenhouse early spring stubble cultivated cucumber, the scion variety of plantation is fertile woods No. 3, is sowed December 5, the
On January 20th, 2 is colonized, and place is in Shandong Shouguang green house of vegetables.If 2 processing, without using any preventing and treating root-knot nematode and disease
The chemical pesticide of viral disease, in addition to desired measure, other control measures are identical.
Processing 1：Grafting is cultivated using the inventive method
By 6: 3: the 1 uniformly mixing by volume of turf, vermiculite, perlite, while add the full elements compounding of appropriate full dissolubility
Fertilizer prepares seedling medium, makes seedling medium initial nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively：60-80mg·kg-1、20-40mg·
kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1, Cucumber disk is carried out after medium in tray and is transferred
Connect nursery；Stock selects African teaselgourd, and for stock than scion planting early enough 5-7 days, stock seed was sowed at 72 hole standard hole trays；Scion kind
Son is sowed at flat seedlings nursing plate, and often disk broadcasts 500；Stock sprout to cotyledon deploy when every plant pour that to apply concentration be 50mgkg-1Asia
Aqueous potassium phosphate solution 5-8ml；True leaf is not revealed in the 1st true leaf of stock dew heart, the thick 2.5-3mm of stem, scion, cotyledon greening, and stem is thick
Tip cutting connection grafting is used during 1.5-2mm；When the 2nd true leaf length of scion reaches 1cm after grafting, every plant is poured and applies concentration and be
20mg·kg-1Prohexadione calcium aqueous solution 8-10ml；When the 3rd true leaf length of scion reaches 1cm after grafting, every plant is poured and applies concentration
For 100mgkg-1Toxic fluoride phosphate aqueous solution 10-12ml.
Processing 2：Conventional method cultivates grafting
By 6: 3: the 1 uniformly mixing by volume of turf, vermiculite, perlite, while add the full elements compounding of appropriate full dissolubility
Fertilizer prepares seedling medium, makes seedling medium initial nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively：60-80mg·kg-1、20-40mg·
kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1, Cucumber disk is carried out after medium in tray and is transferred
Connect nursery；Stock breeding black seed pumpkin, for stock than scion planting early enough 5-7 days, stock seed was sowed at 72 hole standard hole trays；Scion kind
Son is sowed at flat seedlings nursing plate, and often disk broadcasts 500；True leaf, cotyledon are not revealed in the 1st true leaf dew heart of stock, the thick 2.5-3mm of stem, scion
Greening, tip cutting connection grafting is used during the thick 1.5-2mm of stem；Spray on plants hormone control rice shoot excessive growth according to a conventional method.
Root activity and seedling vigorous index are determined during above-mentioned each processing rice shoot field planting；Cucumber root-knot nematode and disease are investigated after field planting
Viral disease field incidence, analyze the disease resistance of rice shoot；Female flower size and First female flower are investigated, analyzes Female flower differentiation quality.
Through experiment, the grafting seedling vigorous index that the present invention cultivates is 0.0308, and what conventional hole tray graft seedling growth was cultivated transfers
Seedlings picking seedling vigorous index is 0.0242, and the more conventional hole tray graft seedling growth of the present invention improves 27.3%, and difference reaches the level of signifiance.
The grafting root activity that the present invention cultivates is 81.5mgg-1·h-1, what conventional hole tray graft seedling growth was cultivated transfers
Seedlings picking root activity is 67.8mgg-1·h-1, the more conventional hole tray graft seedling growth of the present invention improves 20.2%, and difference is up to notable
It is horizontal.
Under conditions of without any chemical pesticide control, field root-knot nematode after the grafting field planting that the present invention cultivates
The incidence of disease is 0, and the field root-knot nematode incidence of disease is 23.7% after the grafting field planting that conventional hole tray graft seedling growth is cultivated, poor
It is different to reach the level of signifiance, illustrate the grafting root-knot nematode resistant that the present invention cultivates.
Under conditions of without any chemical pesticide control, field virosis hair after the grafting field planting that the present invention cultivates
Sick rate is 0, and the field virosis incidence of disease is 9.4% after the grafting field planting that conventional hole tray graft seedling growth is cultivated, and difference reaches aobvious
Level is write, illustrates the grafting viral diseases that the present invention cultivates.
Not only high root-knot nematode resistant, virosis, other disease Field diseases are also remote for the grafting that the present invention cultivates
Less than conventional hole plate seedling growth, chemical pesticide can be reduced in production using 5 times, chemical pesticide usage amount reduces more than 40%.
The grafting female flower that the present invention cultivates is loose, full, and Section 1 position female flower average out to 3.5 saves, conventional hole plate seedling growth training
The grafting female flower slight of stature brought out, Section 1 position female flower average out to 4.5 are saved, and the more conventional hole plate seedling growth Section 1 position female flower of the present invention is put down
1 section is reduced, illustrates that bud differentiation of the present invention is good.
The grafting 667m that the present invention cultivates2Yield is 16918.3kg, the grafting that conventional hole plate seedling growth is cultivated
667m2Yield is 14075.9kg, and the more conventional hole plate seedling growth of the present invention improves 20.2%.
Citing described above for best mode for carrying out the invention, wherein the part do not addressed in detail is that this area is common
The common knowledge of technical staff.Protection scope of the present invention is defined by the content of claim, any technology based on the present invention
The equivalent transformation for enlightening and carrying out, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. method for cultivating cucumber health grafting, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：1）Make stock from African teaselgourd, for stock than scion planting early enough 5-7 days, stock seed was sowed at 72 holes equipped with seedling medium Standard hole tray, ingraftment seed are sowed at the flat seedlings nursing plate equipped with seedling medium, and often disk broadcasts 500；2）Every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 50mgkg when stock seed germination to cotyledon deploys-1Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5-8ml；3）True leaf is not revealed in the 1st true leaf of stock dew heart, the thick 2.5-3mm of stem, scion, cotyledon greening, grafting during stem thick 1.5-2mm；4）When the 2nd true leaf length of scion reaches 1cm after grafting, every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 20mgkg-1Prohexadione calcium it is water-soluble Liquid 8-10ml；5）When the 3rd true leaf length of scion reaches 1cm after grafting, every plant is poured that to apply concentration be 100mgkg-1The toxic fluoride phosphate aqueous solution 10-12ml；The grafting is used for cucumber cultivation, and Section 1 position female flower reduces 0.7-1 sections；Virosis, the incidence of disease of root-knot nematode are 0；Chemical pesticide usage amount reduces more than 40%.
- 2. the method for cucumber health grafting is cultivated according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The stock and scion use Tip cutting connection grafting.
- 3. the method for cucumber health grafting is cultivated according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Seedling medium is by turf, leech Stone, perlite 6: 3: 1 uniform mixed preparing by volume.
- 4. the method for cucumber health grafting is cultivated according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The seedling medium addition is suitable Full dissolubility all-element compound fertilizer is measured, makes seedling medium initial nutrient N, P2O5、K2O content is respectively：60-80mg·kg-1、20- 40mg·kg-1、50-100mg·kg-1, middle trace element is appropriate, EC values 1.0-1.5mscm-1。
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105493904A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-20 | 天津百利种苗培育有限公司 | Method for seedling recovering through cucumber grafting bed |
| CN106034649A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-10-26 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | Construction method of high-yield plant types of cucumbers planted in sunlight greenhouse |
| CN105830739A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-10 | 寿光蔬菜产业控股集团有限公司 | Building method of solar-greenhouse luffa high-yield plant type |
| CN109744010A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-14 | 巨野县恒蔬无疆蔬菜产业有限公司 | A method of prevention and treatment heliogreenhouse muskmelon Acidovorax Avenae Subsp. Citrulli |
| CN108064676A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-05-25 | 寿光市新世纪种苗有限公司 | A kind of control method of cucumber in solar-greenhouse thrips |
| CN113079972B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-08-19 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | Method for continuously controlling tomato root-knot nematode by resistant variety |
| CN114514834B (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2023-02-28 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Growth regulation method and strain for high-density seedling culture of melons and application of strain |
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