CN104429751A - Organic selenium-enrichment rice planting method - Google Patents
Organic selenium-enrichment rice planting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An organic selenium-enrichment rice planting method comprises the following steps that (1) EM original solutions, brown sugar or molasses and water are mixed and cultured in a sealing mode to prepare mother liquor, and the mother liquor and organic fermentation materials are subjected to mixing sealing fermentation to prepare EM organic fermentation fertilizer; (2) silicon fertilizer and dry fine soil are stirred and mixed and then are mixed into the EM organic fermentation fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied to a field before field ploughing; (3) EM original solution seed soaking and sowing are carried out; (4) an EM original solution diluent is used as weaning fertilizer and before-transplanting fertilizer; (5) strong seedlings are selected for transplanting, and during field ploughing, the EM original solution diluent is sprayed; (6) seedling roots are soaked in the EM original solution; (7) rice chaff grass control is carried out; and (8) after seedling transplanting growth resuming, the EM original solution diluent is used for topdressing, fertilizer is applied in a spraying mode for one time from an initial ear period to a full heading period, and selenium-enrichment agents are mixed into the EM original solution diluent. The planting method is easy to operate, high in yield and organically environmentally friendly, weeds, pests and diseases can be effectively controlled and prevented, and rice obtained through the method has the advantages of being high in selenium content, good in quality and high in food safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Rice Cropping field, relate in particular to the implantation methods of a kind of organic Se-rich rice.
Background technology
Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu has tract, and its ecotope is superior, and air, water, soil property amount detect through quality supervision department, meets organic rice and produces, therefore throughout the year famous to produce organic rice, asks consumer in an endless stream.For making organic rice produce upgrading further, in recent years, we have studied organic Se-rich rice and producing.
Organic Se-rich rice, uses technique of enriched selenium to make paddy rice contain selenium exactly while production organic rice process.The reason that research organic Se-rich seed rice is planted: one is rich selenium; Two is high-qualitys; Three is health care diseases preventions; Four is safe and efficient.
So-called rich selenium, be make the rice selenium content of production be significantly higher than general rice, selenium content, up to 200 more than μ g/kg, is 7-9 times of general rice.
So-called high-quality, because selenium can affect the level of some organic compound in plant corpus to a certain extent, thus effectively improve organic rice quality further, make that the protein in rice and most of amino acid content increase, the Coarse Rice Rate of paddy and head rice rate improve, and broken rice rate and chalk rice rate reduce, the grain of rice is translucent, glossy, boil that rear sticky profit is good to eat, food flavor good.
So-called health care diseases prevention is selenium from by since understanding, and its health value is subject to people and more and more pays close attention to.Rice is as the staple food of world population, it is the main source of human body selenium, the raising of rice Se content can directly enhance the nutrition condition of human body selenium, the problem of effective solution low selenium area human body selenium intake deficiency, there is health protection and disease prevention function, can prevention and therapy some human diseasess relevant to selenium deficiency.
So-called safe and efficient, be because along with the remarkable change of the aggravation of environmental pollution, people life style and meals mode, mineral element nutrient imbalance has become the key factor affecting human health.It is reported have 48 countries to lack selenium in the world, there is selenium deficiency in various degree in Chinese 2/3 area about 1,000,000,000 people.Human body mends selenium two approach: selenium mended by medicine and food chain mends selenium.It is expensive that selenium mended by medicine, performance difficulty; The natural selenium-rich food utilizing food chain to produce is generally acknowledged one the safest the most effectively benefit selenium approach, can be reached the object of supplementing human body Organic Selenium safely and efficiently by edible selenium-enriched rice.
Make the rich selenium of paddy rice not so difficult, ensure planting process organic environmental-protection while difficulty is to produce rich selenium rice, this is the problem that always annoying us for a long time.
Fine quality rice kind is used in organic rice cultivation, follows continuable development principle, according to Ecological Principle, under the environmental quality condition of high-quality, adopts a kind of implantation methods of a series of rice cultivating technique.Due in process of production, do not use chemical pesticide, chemical fertilizer and growth regulator etc. completely, thus there is disease pest and weed control difficult problem.Cause output very low.For hybrid rice, on average receive 150kg/667m less
2above, the underproduction will more than 30%.
It is the first difficult problem existed in organic rice cultivation that crop smothering is prevented and kill off.
Not only problem especially severe, and there is no suitable the method for control.The method of normal employing: one is artificial weeding, utilizes exactly and manually pulls grass, and workload is large, cost is high; Two is adopt to support the method for duck weeding, namely utilizes rice-duck intergrowth to control the generation of weeds in field, selects build moderate, the duck kind that mobility is stronger, synchronously with paddy rice educates altogether, puts young duck 10-15/667m in 12 days ages of duck in a suitable place to breed
2, surrounding nylon wire makes 1m height fence, and be provided with duck canopy, optimum period throws in feed in right amount, when Rice Heading, catch up with duck from field, and this method is also remarkable, not easy to operate.
Damage by disease and insect prevent and kill off be organic rice cultivation in exist a second largest difficult problem.
The damage by disease and insect that paddy rice the most often occurs has rice fulgorid, rice leaf roller, striped rice borer worm, rice blast, banded sclerotial blight etc.Also still not corresponding effectively prophylactico-therapeutic measures at present, mainly take following prevention and controls to alleviate the generation of damage by disease and insect: one is, utilize blackout light to carry out luring moth, send out in the Sheng of adult the phototaxis that the phase utilizes adult, trap and kill moth with black light lamp, a black light lamp can control 4hm
2rice area, clears up a lamp box every day, can control most of adult; Two are, spray biopesticide BT preparation and jinggangmeisu preparation preventing disease pest control; Three are, controlled the generation of rice fulgorid and causing harm by foster duck, when rice fulgorid migration and alighting, start to put duck group in a suitable place to breed, 10-15/667m is put in rice field in a suitable place to breed
2, put more than 7 days continuously in a suitable place to breed, also can weed eradication while removing rice fulgorid; Four are, the application of the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion patterns such as the integration of rice lamp duck and fly net Wheat straw mulching, give full play to pasture deinsectization, lamp insect-killing trapping of duck and provide bait for duck, fly net all-around defense rice fulgorid and rice leaf roller, to give full play to the respective speciality of various measure, the damage by disease and insect such as rice fulgorid, rice leaf roller, banded sclerotial blight are better controlled; Five are, utilize the population quantity of existing natural enemy (spider, parasitic wasp, batrachia etc.) Control pests to carry out biological control.All these methods, not only numerous and diverse, and also damage by disease and insect also must not arrive effectively control, therefore for organic rice cultivation, still there is certain cultivation risk.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be to provide a kind of simple to operate, output is high, organic environmental-protection, can the implantation methods of the effective organic Se-rich rice of prevention and control disease pest and weed, the rice being produced gained by the method has the advantage that selenium content is high, quality better, edible safety are high.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: the implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM
By former for EM dew, brown sugar or molasses, water in mass ratio 1:1:100-200 ratio mixing, namely airtight cultivation obtains mother liquor in 48-72 hours, the ratio of mother liquor and organic fermentation material 1:4.9-4.95 is in mass ratio mixed, after adjustment moisture to hand pinches agglomerating namely loose degree of contacting to earth, namely the organic fermentation of obtained described EM was fertile in 4-10 days for sealed fermenting, described organic fermentation material comprises colza cake or the soya-bean cake of organic waste and 20-25% proportion, and wherein colza cake or soya-bean cake are in advance through pulverization process;
(2) land for growing field crops basal dressing
The ratio uniform of siliceous fertilizer and dry fine earth 1:4-5 is is in mass ratio mixed and stirred, evenly mix makes base manure in the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM again, the siliceous fertilizer usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is the fertile usage amount of the organic fermentation of 6-12kg, EM is 100-500kg, before ploughing whole land for growing field crops, base manure is imposed on land for growing field crops in 10-15 days, evenly turn over plough 10-20cm;
Before basal dressing, first weeds in field, stubble are removed, to reduce weeds in field and sick worm radix, then apply base manure;
(3) the former dew retting kind of EM and sowing
Select fine day to bask seeds before seed soaking 1-2 days, every day stirs 3-4 times, by the seed that the shone EM former dew dilution soaking disinfection with 100-300 times, suction after moisture until seed and carry out vernalization, vernalization standard shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally for breaking chest, and by seed uniform broadcasting good for vernalization in rice seedling bed, seeding quantity is 2.5-3kg/667m
2;
Before sowing, first carry out whole to rice seedling bed, during whole ground, every mu of rice seedling bed applies the chicken manure 90-110kg become thoroughly decomposed through stack retting, and harrows rotten mixing thoroughly with rice seedling bed earth, then drag for mud and pile seedling-cultivation plate, pave, put neat after, more evenly to sow;
(4) execute wean fertilizer and send and transfer fertilizer
Fertile and send and transfer fertilizer as wean with the former dew dilution of the EM of 500-800 times in seedling growth process, wean fertilizer sprays 1 time and splashes in rice shoot in 1 leaf 1 pin phase leaf 1 pin phase to 2, send and transfer fertilizer and spray 1 time and within first 1 day, splash in rice shoot in rice transplanting, and wean is fertile and send the consumption of transferring fertilizer not limit, spray in blade tow sides, till squirting not lower of blade liquid; (5) whole land for growing field crops and transplanting is ploughed
Choose 15-20 days length of time rice seedlings grow, 3-4 leaf ages, stem foot slightly flat, leaf endure that look green, root polychrome is white, plant short strong, without the strong seedling transplanting of damage by disease and insect;
Before rice transplanting, first plough whole land for growing field crops, make that soil is soft, topsoil activation, the flat mud in field is rotten, and when ploughing whole land for growing field crops, the former dew dilution of EM of 500-1000 times of splashing to land for growing field crops, the former dew usage amount of EM in every mu of land for growing field crops is 1kg;
(6) EM former dew retting bubble seedling root
Seedling root is soaked 3-5 minutes with the former dew dilution of the EM of 400-800 times before transplanting;
(7) rice chaff control grass
After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, by rice chaff by 60-120kg/667m
2addition be sprinkling upon between rice field, then flood 2-4cm shallow water and make 6-8 days, rice chaff uniform fold rice field;
(8) foliar application
After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, to spray with the former dew dilution of EM of 250-800 times every 7-10 days and topdress in blade face, the amount of spraying 50-70kg/667m
2, spray 3-5 times altogether, wherein once spray to full heading time in fringe phase beginning, and convert in the former dew dilution of EM of described 250-800 times and add 200-500ml selenium-rich agent.
Above-mentioned steps (3)-(4) are processing section, rice seedling bed; (1)-(2), (5)-(8) are processing section, land for growing field crops.The present invention does not carry out priority sequence with the sequence number of above-mentioned steps, operates with concrete Rice Cropping process.
Described organic waste is selected from the more rich animal wastes of local resources, straw, plant stem-leaf, cavings, melon and fruit peel, dish leaf, dish skin, kitchen vegetable slag, leftover or their mixture with suiting measures to local conditions.The sealing of described EM organic fermentation fertilizer is preserved available about 3 months, and the making fermentation time of the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM environmentally temperature adjusts, and as fermented during winter 10 days, ferments 4 days during summer.
Described siliceous fertilizer is quick-acting siliceous fertilizer, is sodium silicate, also known as waterglass, is the mixture of multiple sodium silicate, in white powder crystallization, and containing water-soluble SiO
240%-60%, pH>10.
EM is the abbreviation language of English (Effective Microorganisms), Chinese is translated into " CEM ", and the former dew of EM is a kind of based on the multifunction active microbial inoculum of the multiple effective microbe of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, actinomycetes, acetobacter etc. through compound criteria.The present invention's former dew of EM used is the former dew of plantation tailored version EM, and EM former dew dilution retarder thinner used is water.
Described selenium-rich agent is that application number is 201410419091.2, denomination of invention is the selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer described in the Chinese invention patent of " selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer and its production and use ", is produced in batches by Bangbu Kang Xi agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd.
Described rice chaff also known as rice bran, thin chaff, the by product of machine-processed rice process or offcuts.
For the purpose of succinctly describing, the implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice of the present invention is referred to as this method below.
The Main Function using the former dew of EM in this method has:
(1) the former dew dilution of EM is for soaking seed and soaking the effect of seedling root:
Because its flora and secretion can synthesize the growth factors such as each seed amino acid, vitamin, antibiotic, polyphenoils and physiological activator, the effect of germinate neat and plumule radicle stalwartness thus can be played, and can the infringement of mould fungus inhibition.
(2) the former dew dilution of EM is used as the effect that foliage fertilizer is sprayed onto rice leaf:
Respiration and the metabolic function of rice leaf mesophyll cell can not only be promoted, improve chlorophyll content of rice, promote vegetative growth of rice plants, thus improve output; And can also the diaphragm of fortified water rice blade face cells of superficial layer, prevent pathogen intrusion.
(3) effect of the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM is used:
Not only because larger molecular organics can be decomposed into the small-molecule substance being more prone to passive plant absorption by EM flora, improve the ratio that root system of plant surrounding soil can utilize nutrient component, thus add agricultural land soil microbial biomass, increase agricultural land soil microbial biomass, and therefore make those become several times or ten several times to increase with the quantity that microorganism and catabolite thereof are the soil microfauna (as useful mite class, earthworm class and beetle) of food, more outstanding effect is then because the former dew of EM makes the composition of whole rice root layer microecosystem enrich, complex structure, function-stable, improve beneficial microorganism biologically active in soil, stably occupy the ecological niche in soil, thus just restrained effectively invasion and attack and the development of pathogenic microorganism in soil, reduce the generation of soil-borne disease, in addition in the process of decomposing organic matter, a large amount of disease-resistant factors is also produced, this can produce stronger antagonistic action to damage by disease and insect, thus sick worm is suppressed or produces lethal effect, and there is obvious inhibitory action to weeds, use after 2-3 days, can see that weeds in field obviously reduces.
In this method, the Main Function of Applying silicon fertilizer has:
Silicon is the important nutritive element of plant corpus composition, the fourth-largest nutritive element after nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is classified as by international soil circle, using of siliceous fertilizer has 9 to act on greatly to paddy rice: 1. siliceous fertilizer is conducive to improving photosynthesis and the chlorophyll content of crop, makes cauline leaf straight and upright, promotes organic accumulation; 2. siliceous fertilizer can increase the mechanical strength of crops straw, improves lodging tolerance, and makes stem stalk straight and upright, thus be conducive to dense planting; 3. siliceous fertilizer can improve the resistivity of crop to damage by disease and insect, reduce the generation of various damage by disease and insect, because of after Crop silicon doing to form silicified cell in object, a cauline leaf cells of superficial layer ancient piece of jade, round, flat and with a hole in its centre is thickeied, cuticula increases, form a firm protective layer, insect is not easily stung, germ is difficult to invade, particularly the resistance of the damage by disease and insect such as rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, bacterial leaf-blight, stem rot, smut, snout moth's larva, rice fulgorid, aphid is strengthened; 4. siliceous fertilizer makes the air capacity of soils done in object strengthen, and can prevent rotting and early ageing of root system, thus plays an important role to control paddy rice root rot; 5. siliceous fertilizer can effective adjusting vane stomatal closure, suppress moisture transpiration, strengthen the anti-adversity abilities such as crop drought resistance, hot-dry wind tolerance, cold-resistant, anti-low temperature: 6. siliceous fertilizer can not only reduce that phosphate fertilizer is fixing in soil, the phosphorus of activating soil promote the availability of the absorption Yi put forward Gao Lin fertilizer of Gen Xi Dui Lin, can also the absorbing of reinforced Ca-Mg, can crop be regulated well to the Balance Absorption of the nutrients such as N P and K, therefore also claim " plant modulability fertilizer "; 7. siliceous fertilizer is also known as " health care fertilizer ", because activating beneficial microbe, improvement soil, rectification soil acidity or alkalinity, improve soil alkali, promotion organic matter decomposition, suppress soil germ, anti-continuous cropping, alleviate heavy metal pollution; 8. siliceous fertilizer is also known as " quality fertilizer ", can improve rice quality, makes the blue or green seed Huang of bar, taste is good, commodity good; 9. siliceous fertilizer can strengthen paddy pollen vigor, can significantly improve ripening rate and thousand kernel weight.
The Main Function using selenium-rich agent in this method has:
Use the needs that selenium-rich agent is not only the rich selenium of paddy rice, and output can also be improved to a certain extent, improve rice quality, alleviate the toxic action to paddy rice such as heavy metal chromium, cadmium, lead.Because selenium has non-oxidizability, excessive free radicals can be removed, prevent peroxidating, within the scope of certain selenium concentration, the generation speed of the mda content in paddy rice body, oxygen radical and the growing amount of other free radical all increase with selenium concentration and reduce, thus make paddy rice have disease-resistant, drought resisting, cold-resistant, separate frost, separate the functions such as poisoning.
The Main Function using rice chaff in this method has:
One is, because rice chaff is subject to microbial decomposition, and produces a large amount of carbonic acid gas at about 7 days and consumes a large amount of oxygen, making soil be in reducing state, thus hinders the sprouting of weeds, take root and grow; Two are, meanwhile rice chaff also produces root of hair, the germination that rudimentary organic acid inhibits weeds, and burns the tip of a root and lobus cardiacus; Three are, ethene (C2H4) gas of rice chaff decomposition generation can also suppress the growth of the root of weeds, stem and lateral bud; Four are, shallow plowing adds rice chaff, also makes earth's surface form sticky soft sposh layer, and this layer of sticky soft sposh layer has special weed-suppresive activity.
In addition, rice chaff also has certain fertilizer efficiency.According to detection, this rice chaff N, P, K percentage composition are followed successively by 1.82,4.56,1.3, as with 70kg/667m
2rice chaff, therefore 70kg rice chaff is about containing N 1.27, P 3.19, K 0.95, therefore its fertilizer efficiency is as pressed urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate calculating, is equivalent to urea 2.76kg, superphosphate 66.1kg, potassium sulfate 2.29kg.
To sum up, this method successfully applies " rice chaff control grass technology ", and " siliceous fertilizer is used in combination, the former dew of EM, the sick worm technology of selenium-rich agent Healthy culture control ", thus can agricultural chemicals avoided, when the non-environmental protection raw material such as chemical fertilizer and hormone uses, rice disease and pest crop smothering is effectively controlled, lodging resistance in rice ability improves, rice plant obtains nourishes and grows preferably, fertility degree of progress speed, improve rice yield and brown rice selenium content significantly, and improve milling quality, exterior quality, the boiling of rice and Cooking Quality, the edible safety of rice have also been obtained and promotes widely.This method is simple to operate, easy to implement in addition, validity is high.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:
The enforcement ground of following examples: Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu Nanjing Xing Guangyuan trace element Institute for Applied Technology organic rice Demonstration Base; The enforcement time: in April, 2013-October; For examination rice varieties: Anhui is cultivated glutinous No. 1 (kind of an industry is cultivated in Anhui); Siliceous fertilizer is purchased from Wuxi prospect chemical reagent Co., Ltd; Rice chaff buying is from the market of farm produce, Nanjing; Selenium-rich agent is that application number is 201410419091.2, denomination of invention is the selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer described in the Chinese invention patent of " selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer and its production and use ", is produced in batches by Bangbu Kang Xi agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd; The former dew of EM is purchased from providence biotechnology Co., Ltd of Jiangxi Province.
Embodiment 1
The implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM
By former for EM dew, brown sugar, water in mass ratio 1:1:100 ratio mixing, namely airtight cultivation obtains mother liquor in 60 hours, the ratio of mother liquor and organic fermentation material 1:4.9 is in mass ratio mixed, after adjustment moisture to hand pinches agglomerating namely loose degree of contacting to earth, namely the organic fermentation of obtained described EM was fertile in 7 days for sealed fermenting, described organic fermentation material comprises the colza cake of organic waste and 20% proportion, wherein colza cake is in advance through pulverization process, and described organic waste is the mixture of animal wastes and straw; (2) land for growing field crops basal dressing
The ratio uniform of siliceous fertilizer and dry fine earth 1:4 is is in mass ratio mixed and stirred, evenly mix makes base manure in the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM again, the siliceous fertilizer usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is the fertile usage amount of the organic fermentation of 9kg, EM is 300kg, base manure was imposed on land for growing field crops in first 10 days, evenly turn over plough 15cm in cultivated whole land for growing field crops;
Before basal dressing, first weeds in field, stubble are removed, to reduce weeds in field and sick worm radix, then apply base manure;
(3) the former dew retting kind of EM and sowing
Select fine day to bask seeds before seed soaking 1 day, stir 4 every day, by the seed that the shone EM former dew dilution soaking disinfection with 300 times, suction after moisture until seed and carry out vernalization, vernalization standard shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally for breaking chest, and by seed uniform broadcasting good for vernalization in rice seedling bed, seeding quantity is 2.5kg/667m
2;
Before sowing, first carry out whole to rice seedling bed, during whole ground, every mu of rice seedling bed applies the chicken manure 100kg become thoroughly decomposed through stack retting, and harrows rotten mixing thoroughly with rice seedling bed earth, then drag for mud and pile seedling-cultivation plate, pave, put neat after, more evenly to sow;
(4) execute wean fertilizer and send and transfer fertilizer
Fertile and send and transfer fertilizer as wean with the former dew dilution of the EM of 500 times in seedling growth process, wean fertilizer sprays 1 time and splashes in rice shoot in 1 leaf 1 pin phase leaf 1 pin phase to 2, send and transfer fertilizer and spray 1 time and within first 1 day, splash in rice shoot in rice transplanting, and wean is fertile and send the consumption of transferring fertilizer not limit, spray in blade tow sides, till squirting not lower of blade liquid;
(5) whole land for growing field crops and transplanting is ploughed
Choose 17 days length of time rice seedlings grow, 3 leaf ages, stem foot slightly flat, leaf endure that look green, root polychrome is white, plant short strong, without the strong seedling transplanting of damage by disease and insect;
Before rice transplanting, first plough whole land for growing field crops, make that soil is soft, topsoil activation, the flat mud in field is rotten, and when ploughing whole land for growing field crops, the former dew dilution of EM of 750 times of splashing to land for growing field crops, the former dew usage amount of EM in every mu of land for growing field crops is 1kg;
(6) EM former dew retting bubble seedling root
Seedling root is soaked 5 minutes with the former dew dilution of the EM of 400 times before transplanting;
(7) rice chaff control grass
After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, rice chaff is pressed 90kg/667m
2addition be sprinkling upon between rice field, then flood 4cm shallow water and make 7 days, rice chaff uniform fold rice field;
(8) foliar application
After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, to spray with the former dew dilution of EM of 500 times every 8 days and topdress in blade face, the amount of spraying 60kg/667m
2, spray 5 times altogether, wherein once spray to full heading time in fringe phase beginning, and convert in the former dew dilution of EM of described 500 times and add 350ml selenium-rich agent.
Embodiment 2
The implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM
By former for EM dew, molasses, water in mass ratio 1:1:150 ratio mixing, namely airtight cultivation obtains mother liquor in 72 hours, the ratio of mother liquor and organic fermentation material 1:4.95 is in mass ratio mixed, after adjustment moisture to hand pinches agglomerating namely loose degree of contacting to earth, namely the organic fermentation of obtained described EM was fertile in 4 days for sealed fermenting, described organic fermentation material comprises the soya-bean cake of organic waste and 23% proportion, wherein soya-bean cake is in advance through pulverization process, and described organic waste is the mixture of cavings, melon and fruit peel, dish leaf, dish skin and kitchen vegetable slag;
(2) land for growing field crops basal dressing
The ratio uniform of siliceous fertilizer and dry fine earth 1:5 is is in mass ratio mixed and stirred, evenly mix makes base manure in the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM again, the siliceous fertilizer usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is the fertile usage amount of the organic fermentation of 6kg, EM is 500kg, base manure was imposed on land for growing field crops in first 15 days, evenly turn over plough 10cm in cultivated whole land for growing field crops;
Before basal dressing, first weeds in field, stubble are removed, to reduce weeds in field and sick worm radix, then apply base manure;
(3) the former dew retting kind of EM and sowing
Select fine day to bask seeds before seed soaking 2 days, stir 3 every day, by the seed that the shone EM former dew dilution soaking disinfection with 200 times, suction after moisture until seed and carry out vernalization, vernalization standard shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally for breaking chest, and by seed uniform broadcasting good for vernalization in rice seedling bed, seeding quantity is 3kg/667m
2;
Before sowing, first carry out whole to rice seedling bed, during whole ground, every mu of rice seedling bed applies the chicken manure 90kg become thoroughly decomposed through stack retting, and harrows rotten mixing thoroughly with rice seedling bed earth, then drag for mud and pile seedling-cultivation plate, pave, put neat after, more evenly to sow;
(4) execute wean fertilizer and send and transfer fertilizer
Fertile and send and transfer fertilizer as wean with the former dew dilution of the EM of 650 times in seedling growth process, wean fertilizer sprays 1 time and splashes in rice shoot in 1 leaf 1 pin phase leaf 1 pin phase to 2, send and transfer fertilizer and spray 1 time and within first 1 day, splash in rice shoot in rice transplanting, and wean is fertile and send the consumption of transferring fertilizer not limit, spray in blade tow sides, till squirting not lower of blade liquid;
(5) whole land for growing field crops and transplanting is ploughed
Choose 15 days length of time rice seedlings grow, 4 leaf ages, stem foot slightly flat, leaf endure that look green, root polychrome is white, plant short strong, without the strong seedling transplanting of damage by disease and insect;
Before rice transplanting, first plough whole land for growing field crops, make that soil is soft, topsoil activation, the flat mud in field is rotten, and when ploughing whole land for growing field crops, the former dew dilution of EM of 500 times of splashing to land for growing field crops, the former dew usage amount of EM in every mu of land for growing field crops is 1kg;
(6) EM former dew retting bubble seedling root
Seedling root is soaked 3 minutes with the former dew dilution of the EM of 600 times before transplanting;
(7) rice chaff control grass
After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, rice chaff is pressed 120kg/667m
2addition be sprinkling upon between rice field, then flood 3cm shallow water and make 6 days, rice chaff uniform fold rice field;
(8) foliar application
After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, to spray with the former dew dilution of EM of 800 times every 7 days and topdress in blade face, the amount of spraying 50kg/667m
2, spray 4 times altogether, wherein once spray to full heading time in fringe phase beginning, and convert in the former dew dilution of EM of described 800 times and add 200ml selenium-rich agent.
Embodiment 3
The implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM
By former for EM dew, brown sugar, water in mass ratio 1:1:200 ratio mixing, namely airtight cultivation obtains mother liquor in 48 hours, the ratio of mother liquor and organic fermentation material 1:4.95 is in mass ratio mixed, after adjustment moisture to hand pinches agglomerating namely loose degree of contacting to earth, namely the organic fermentation of obtained described EM was fertile in 10 days for sealed fermenting, described organic fermentation material comprises the colza cake of organic waste and 25% proportion, wherein colza cake is in advance through pulverization process, and described organic waste is the mixture of plant stem-leaf, dish leaf and dish skin;
(2) land for growing field crops basal dressing
The ratio uniform of siliceous fertilizer and dry fine earth 1:4 is is in mass ratio mixed and stirred, evenly mix makes base manure in the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM again, the siliceous fertilizer usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is the fertile usage amount of the organic fermentation of 12kg, EM is 100kg, base manure was imposed on land for growing field crops in first 13 days, evenly turn over plough 20cm in cultivated whole land for growing field crops;
Before basal dressing, first weeds in field, stubble are removed, to reduce weeds in field and sick worm radix, then apply base manure;
(3) the former dew retting kind of EM and sowing
Select fine day to bask seeds before seed soaking 2 days, stir 3 every day, by the seed that the shone EM former dew dilution soaking disinfection with 100 times, suction after moisture until seed and carry out vernalization, vernalization standard shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally for breaking chest, and by seed uniform broadcasting good for vernalization in rice seedling bed, seeding quantity is 2.7kg/667m
2;
Before sowing, first carry out whole to rice seedling bed, during whole ground, every mu of rice seedling bed applies the chicken manure 110kg become thoroughly decomposed through stack retting, and harrows rotten mixing thoroughly with rice seedling bed earth, then drag for mud and pile seedling-cultivation plate, pave, put neat after, more evenly to sow;
(4) execute wean fertilizer and send and transfer fertilizer
Fertile and send and transfer fertilizer as wean with the former dew dilution of the EM of 800 times in seedling growth process, wean fertilizer sprays 1 time and splashes in rice shoot in 1 leaf 1 pin phase leaf 1 pin phase to 2, send and transfer fertilizer and spray 1 time and within first 1 day, splash in rice shoot in rice transplanting, and wean is fertile and send the consumption of transferring fertilizer not limit, spray in blade tow sides, till squirting not lower of blade liquid;
(5) whole land for growing field crops and transplanting is ploughed
Choose 20 days length of time rice seedlings grow, 4 leaf ages, stem foot slightly flat, leaf endure that look green, root polychrome is white, plant short strong, without the strong seedling transplanting of damage by disease and insect;
Before rice transplanting, first plough whole land for growing field crops, make that soil is soft, topsoil activation, the flat mud in field is rotten, and when ploughing whole land for growing field crops, the former dew dilution of EM of 1000 times of splashing to land for growing field crops, the former dew usage amount of EM in every mu of land for growing field crops is 1kg;
(6) EM former dew retting bubble seedling root
Seedling root is soaked 4 minutes with the former dew dilution of the EM of 800 times before transplanting;
(7) rice chaff control grass
After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, rice chaff is pressed 60kg/667m
2addition be sprinkling upon between rice field, then flood 2cm shallow water and make 8 days, rice chaff uniform fold rice field;
(8) foliar application
After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, to spray with the former dew dilution of EM of 250 times every 10 days and topdress in blade face, the amount of spraying 70kg/667m
2, spray 3 times altogether, wherein once spray to full heading time in fringe phase beginning, and convert in the former dew dilution of EM of described 250 times and add 500ml selenium-rich agent.
Several points for attention are had in the implementation process of above-described embodiment:
One, the Organic certification of the place of production and product will be implemented
Place of production addressing and environmental quality meet the requirement of 2012 editions " organic products " national standards, possess the location drawing, administrative manual, operational procedure, system log (SYSLOG) etc. that the organic management system carrying out documentation comprises organic production, processing, operation in the condition and range that the input of use should meet 2012 editions " organic products " national standard appendix As.
Two, good quality and high output Resistant rice varieties will be selected in order to disease-resistant pest-resistant
Select that high-quality, strong adaptability, disease-resistant resistance to insects are strong, strong, the bigger than normal fringe of good stress resistance, tillering ability, eutrophy, improved seeds that commodity is good.As: at Su-Wan area, " Anhui cultivates glutinous No. 1 " kind is just all well and good.
To progressively introduce new high quality and high yield rice simultaneously, drop into organic rice and produce, " upland rice 906 ", " Anhui cultivates glutinous No. 2 " etc.They are cultivated kind of an industry new rice variety and view and emulate in promotion conference and just enjoy flattery in Anhui in 2014, the year with great calamity that upland rice 906 is rainy at the cloudy day in this year, rice pest is occurred frequently wherein does not but almost have false smut and rice blast to occur and per unit area yield at least 600kg/667m
2., Anhui is cultivated glutinous No. 2 and is come along fine, this year low temperature, fewly not only not there is damage by disease and insect according under condition, and anti-fall, tillering ability is strong, the large grain of fringe full, output is high, per unit area yield reaches 650kg/667m
2.In addition also have multiple kind such as " prosperous two excellent 318 ", " force educates stalk 18 ", " middle force fortune stalk 27 ", " south stalk 5055 " available.
Three, after rice shoot survives, rice chaff to evenly be spread fertilizer over the fields in order to control weeds
One of condition is that rice shoot survives, and two of condition is that rice chaff is spread fertilizer over the fields evenly, and three of condition is that rice chaff requires that field keeps 2-4cm shoaling layer 6-8 days when spreading fertilizer over the fields.
Four, clean water is wanted to irrigate and scientific consumption of water captures high yield in order to control disease pest and weed
First, irrigation water quality standard will meet organic rice production requirement, and sanitary sewage, water for industrial use can not be used to fill with field, and should accomplish single single filling.
Secondly, because the damage by disease and insect such as banded sclerotial blight, rice blast more easily occurs when hot and humid, therefore field ponding should be avoided.Should based on shallow irrigation on water layer management, that is: transplanting time fills with flower water, arriving productive tiller stage after turning green is main to improve ground temperature with shallow irrigation, promote rice tillering Cheng Sui, reach and seal row early, with water control grass, to urge seedling with water, with seedling pressure grass, adjust fertile object with water, later stage, dry wet intermittent irrigation was with foster Gen Baoye, captured high yield.
Embodiment 4
Contrast on effect is tested:
The group arrangement of random district is taked in experiment, and often process repetition 2 times, minizone is built the ridge and separated, and has independently irrigation and drainage system, plot area 66.7m
2.Processed group and control group are established in experiment.Processed group processes by the implantation methods of the organic Se-rich rice that embodiment 1 provides; Control group does not then adopt rice chaff control grass technology and siliceous fertilizer, the former dew of EM, rich selenium Healthy culture technology, that is: 1. do not execute siliceous fertilizer and the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM, the base manure used is the organic fermentation material identical with embodiment 1 without the former dew fermentation of EM; 2. Seed soaking, clear water soak seedling root; 3. infertile and send and transfer fertilizer as wean with the former dew dilution of EM; 4. not splash during smooth face, field the former dew dilution of EM; 5. rice chaff control grass is not adopted, the n p k fertilizer that only supplementation administration is suitable with 90kg rice chaff is (because rice chaff N, P, K percentage composition are about 1.82,4.56,1.36 successively, therefore 90kg rice chaff is about containing N 1.63, P 4.10, K 1.22, so namely supplement nutriment in a fertilizer with chemical fertilizer such as the urea of respective numbers, superphosphate, potassium sulfates); 6. do not topdress with the former dew dilution of EM, do not spray selenium-rich agent.Other measure is with embodiment 1.
Processed group and control group paddy rice are all in 4-24 sowing, and 5-26 transplants, distance between rows and hills 25cm × 13cm, 2.2 ten thousand caves/667m
2, Basic Seedling 6-8 ten thousand/667m
2.
1) rice chaff surface applied prevention and control weeds effect
For prevention and control weeds in field, once tried out rice husk herbicidal methods before this, by rice husk 150kg/667m
2even spreading field, keep about 3cm shallow water 7 days, found that, though Weed control effect has, less effective, abandons the method for this reason.After change rice husk into rice chaff and suitably find after decrement, prevention and control weeds effect then significantly promotes, so final choice rice chaff is with the method for prevention and control weeds, experimental result is in table 1:
Table 1
Visible, total strain preventive effect of rice chaff process weeds and fresh weight preventive effect, nutgrass flatsedge, Monochoria vaginalis, alternanthera philoxeroides all show good control effect, only barnyard grass and short arrowhead slightly poor, but fresh weight preventive effect is also 70%, more than 80%.
2) prevention and control damage by disease and insect effect
Experimental result is in table 2:
Table 2
Note: get 5 points by diagonal in test block; Sampling scheme: each point gets 5 caves, gets 25 cave investigation altogether.
3) effect of lodging tolerance is improved
Experimental result is in table 3: processed group is mainly manifested on improving lodging resistance in rice ability four aspects affected rice plant growth: one is shorten second-speculation three length of internode; Two is increase thick stem; Three is increase functional leaf length and width degree; Four is reduce sword-like leave and stem angle.
Table 3
4) effect of fertility progress and premature ripening is accelerated
Experimental result is in table 4: the fertility degree of progress speed of processed group paddy rice.Shift to an earlier date 7 days breeding time, tillering stage shift to an earlier date 3 days, the shooting stage shifts to an earlier date 3 days, shift to an earlier date 3 days heading stage, paddy premature ripening 7 days.
Table 4
5) effect of rice yield and brown rice selenium content is improved
Experimental result is in table 5: processed group rice tillering rate improves 0.6%, Miao Qi, Miao Quan, Miao Zhuan, growing way is good, seedling look dark green, spike length increases 0.6cm, thousand kernel weight increases 1.0g, many 3 of grain number per spike, output increase 77.9kg/667m
2, brown rice selenium content is 8.95 times of control group.
Table 5
6) effect of milling quality and exterior quality is improved
Experimental result is in table 6: the organic Se-rich rice that processed group is produced, and raising milling quality and exterior quality also have certain effect.Coarse Rice Rate improves 2 percentage points, and polished rice rate improves 2.1 percentage points, and chalkness ratio reduces 1.6 percentage points.
Table 6
7) boiling of rice and the effect of Cooking Quality is improved
Experimental result is in table 7: the boiling of rice and Cooking Quality and amylose content, gel consistence, proteinaceous relationships are close, and table 7 shows that the gel consistence of organic selenium-enriched rice improves 1mm, and namely, soft adds; Protein improves 0.328%, illustrates that the food flavor of rice improves; Amylose content reduces 0.8%, then represent that the viscosity of rice strengthens.These changes all show, improve boiling and the Cooking Quality of rice.
Table 7
Take a broad view of the above results can see, the present invention, to realizing organic Se-rich Rice Production, is successfully apply rice chaff rice field to control careless technology and in conjunction with Applying silicon fertilizer, the former dew of EM, the sick worm technology of rich selenium Healthy culture control.Not only produced organic Se-rich paddy rice, and disease pest and weed is effectively controlled, lodging tolerance improves, fertility degree of progress speed, improve rice yield and brown rice selenium content and improve boiling and the Cooking Quality of milling quality and exterior quality and rice significantly.Embodiment of the present invention combination rationally, method is applicable, validity is high.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM
By former for EM dew, brown sugar or molasses, water in mass ratio 1:1:100-200 ratio mixing, namely airtight cultivation obtains mother liquor in 48-72 hours, the ratio of mother liquor and organic fermentation material 1:4.9-4.95 is in mass ratio mixed, after adjustment moisture to hand pinches agglomerating namely loose degree of contacting to earth, namely the organic fermentation of obtained described EM was fertile in 4-10 days for sealed fermenting, described organic fermentation material comprises colza cake or the soya-bean cake of organic waste and 20-25% proportion, and wherein colza cake or soya-bean cake are in advance through pulverization process;
(2) land for growing field crops basal dressing
The ratio uniform of siliceous fertilizer and dry fine earth 1:4-5 is is in mass ratio mixed and stirred, evenly mix makes base manure in the organic fermentation fertilizer of EM again, the siliceous fertilizer usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is the fertile usage amount of the organic fermentation of 6-12kg, EM is 100-500kg, before ploughing whole land for growing field crops, base manure is imposed on land for growing field crops in 10-15 days, evenly turn over plough 10-20cm;
Before basal dressing, first weeds in field, stubble are removed, to reduce weeds in field and sick worm radix, then apply base manure;
(3) the former dew retting kind of EM and sowing
Select fine day to bask seeds before seed soaking 1-2 days, every day stirs 3-4 times, by the seed that the shone EM former dew dilution soaking disinfection with 100-300 times, suction after moisture until seed and carry out vernalization, vernalization standard shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally for breaking chest, and by seed uniform broadcasting good for vernalization in rice seedling bed, seeding quantity is 2.5-3kg/667m
2;
Before sowing, first carry out whole to rice seedling bed, during whole ground, every mu of rice seedling bed applies the chicken manure 90-110kg become thoroughly decomposed through stack retting, and harrows rotten mixing thoroughly with rice seedling bed earth, then drag for mud and pile seedling-cultivation plate, pave, put neat after, more evenly to sow;
(4) execute wean fertilizer and send and transfer fertilizer
Fertile and send and transfer fertilizer as wean with the former dew dilution of the EM of 500-800 times in seedling growth process, wean fertilizer sprays 1 time and splashes in rice shoot in 1 leaf 1 pin phase leaf 1 pin phase to 2, send and transfer fertilizer and spray 1 time and within first 1 day, splash in rice shoot in rice transplanting, and wean is fertile and send the consumption of transferring fertilizer not limit, spray in blade tow sides, till squirting not lower of blade liquid;
(5) whole land for growing field crops and transplanting is ploughed
Choose 15-20 days length of time rice seedlings grow, 3-4 leaf ages, stem foot slightly flat, leaf endure that look green, root polychrome is white, plant short strong, without the strong seedling transplanting of damage by disease and insect;
Before rice transplanting, first plough whole land for growing field crops, make that soil is soft, topsoil activation, the flat mud in field is rotten, and when ploughing whole land for growing field crops, the former dew dilution of EM of 500-1000 times of splashing to land for growing field crops, the former dew usage amount of EM in every mu of land for growing field crops is 1kg;
(6) EM former dew retting bubble seedling root
Seedling root is soaked 3-5 minutes with the former dew dilution of the EM of 400-800 times before transplanting;
(7) rice chaff control grass
After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, by rice chaff by 60-120kg/667m
2addition be sprinkling upon between rice field, then flood 2-4cm shallow water and make 6-8 days, rice chaff uniform fold rice field;
(8) foliar application
After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, to spray with the former dew dilution of EM of 250-800 times every 7-10 days and topdress in blade face, the amount of spraying 50-70kg/667m
2, spray 3-5 times altogether, wherein once spray to full heading time in fringe phase beginning, and convert in the former dew dilution of EM of described 250-800 times and add 200-500ml selenium-rich agent.
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| CN109089807A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-28 | 新疆光合元生物科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of environmental protection and public nuisance free rice |
| CN110710429A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-01-21 | 桃源县兴隆米业科技开发有限公司 | Planting method of multi-vitamin zinc-selenium rice |
| CN112898092A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-04 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Special fertilizer for mountain selenium-rich tomatoes and rain-sheltering cultivation method |
| CN113079918A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-09 | 浙江同济科技职业学院 | Planting method of organic medlar |
| CN114600718A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-10 | 尹永华 | Technical method for planting rice with ferment organic selenium-rich high-calcium rice |
| CN115380785A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-11-25 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | High-quality and high-yield planting method for rice |
| CN115380785B (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-09-01 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | High-quality and high-yield planting method for rice |
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