CN104003811A - Rooting agent for preventing and treating clubroot diseases of cruciferae crops, and preparing method and application of rooting agent - Google Patents

Rooting agent for preventing and treating clubroot diseases of cruciferae crops, and preparing method and application of rooting agent Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104003811A
CN104003811A CN201410266371.4A CN201410266371A CN104003811A CN 104003811 A CN104003811 A CN 104003811A CN 201410266371 A CN201410266371 A CN 201410266371A CN 104003811 A CN104003811 A CN 104003811A
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root
water
cruciferae
crop
growing agent
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CN104003811B (en
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刘勇
黄小琴
张蕾
刘红雨
周西全
尹全
伍文宪
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Institute of Plant Protection Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Plant Protection Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The invention provides a rooting agent for preventing and treating clubroot diseases of cruciferae crops. Effective constituents of the rooting agent comprise 0.1-0.5 part of a water-soluble boron compound, 140-250 parts of a water-soluble nitrogen compound and 49-60 parts of organic fertilizer. The rooting agent is applied in the growth period after plants, infected with the clubroot diseases, of the cruciferae crops such as oilseed rape come into twelve true leaves, induction and growth of enough new roots of the plants, infected with the clubroot diseases, of the cruciferae crops such as the oilseed rape can be effectively facilitated, the yield loss of the plants infected with the diseases is lowered to the greatest extent, and economic benefits of growers are guaranteed. The invention further provides a preparing method of the rooting agent, wherein the rooting agent is prepared by mixing raw materials and then conducting granulation, operation is easy and convenient, and cost is low.

Description

Root-growing agent, preparation method and the purposes of control crop in cruciferae club root
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant establishment agent, particularly a kind of for preventing and treating root-growing agent of crop in cruciferae club root plant and its production and use.
Background technology
In China, the crop in cruciferae such as rape, Chinese cabbage, wild cabbage, leaf mustard, green vegetables, radish are cultivated extensively.Wherein brassicaceous vegetable comprises the vegetable crops such as cabbage, wild cabbage class, mustard and radish, is China's plantation the most general the most extensive, edible vegetable species.But crop in cruciferae easy infection club root, extremely difficult control.Along with crop in cruciferae cultivation kind increases and the warming year by year of the acidifying of the expansion of area, soil, global climate, the generation area of China's Cruciferae club root expands year by year in recent years, severity increases the weight of year by year, has become one of important disease of cress.Have statistic data to show, club root can cause 20%~100% Severe Reduction.
The pathogenic bacteria that causes club root is mainly Mastigomycotina rape plasmodiophora brassicae (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron), and obligatory parasitism is at the underground part of cress.Generally, first invaded (not reveal any symptoms) of Gen Mao or young root.When plasmodiophora brassicae enters after the form layers and cortical tissue of host's root, parenchyma cell irriate and accelerate division, and volume increases, and causes main root or lateral root form number and differ in size, be similar to finger-like, corynebacterium or spherical tumour (approximately needing 10d).Old complaint initial stage smooth surface, delayed crazing, coarse, very easily suffers infecting of other germs and rots, last butt rot, complete stool withered death.After old complaint is rotted, in it, a large amount of statospores drops in soil or compost with invalid body again, then infects or dormancy.When condition is suitable, crop in cruciferae is in 211 heart stages of the heart to 6 leaf of leaf, and club root occurs fast-growth, and after 6 leaf 1 hearts, tempo slows down to some extent.2 leaf phases were the keys (reference: " Cruciferae club root progress ", plant protection, 2011, (6): 153-158) of preventing and treating club root.Also there is scholar's research to find, it is after crop-planting, to emerge to 5 leaf phases that the initial stage of disease is infected period, before 5 leaf phases, infection process main root forms main root root nodule, 5 leaf after dates infect and form lateral root root nodule, lateral root root nodule is little on crop yield impact, thus under normal circumstances, this disease prevent and treat optimum period for after planting to the 5 leaf phase before (reference: " crop in cruciferae club root pests occurrence rule and study on prevention ", Crop Diseases in Yunnan, 2009.3).
The main prophylactico-therapeutic measures of at present club root being taked has: agricultural measures, chemical prevention, disease-resistant variety seed selection, biological control.Conventional prophylactico-therapeutic measures is: agricultural measures, chemical prevention.
Agricultural measures
Improvement soil, worsens the living environment of plasmodiophora brassicae---utilize lime and other forms of calcium salt can regulate to a certain extent soil pH.Calcium salt is processed the pH that both can regulate soil, can increase again commutative Ca in soil 2+thereby the concentration harm that alleviates disease.Once morbidity can be skimmed and be executed white lime (100-150kg/667m 2) or plant ash (30~50kg/667m 2).Regulate soil pH to reduce club root sickness rate by liming and have certain prevention effect.Researchist recommends Chinese cabbage to produce upper spendable effective technology to be had: with well-rotted farmyard manure do 1% liquor calcis of base fertilizer → before after planting germinateing water cave → after emerging 2 leaves, 4 leaves and 6 leaf phases respectively fill with root 1 time → plot that is in a bad way is rolled into a ball a phase and is watered and execute 1% liquor calcis 1 time.
Enhance field management, build good edatope---adopt sterile soil to grow seedlings; Field trench digging, weeding in time reduce humidity as far as possible; Once finding diseased plant extracts immediately and burns (and with liming sick nest is sterilized); After dish harvests, should thoroughly remove field invalid body (root stubble all can be dug out, transport in the hole that 50~70cm is dark, blinding after liming, allows root stubble rot).In addition, delayed to 5~10d sowing the conventional seed planting phase.Can alleviate to a certain extent the generation of club root.
Carry out crop rotation---in the situation of having ready conditions, carry out rice field-upland field rotation inclusive NAND brassicaceous vegetable, as the crop rotations such as tobacco, tomato, eggplant, capsicum, pumpkin, cucumber, balsam pear, Radix Dauci Sativae, bacterium perfume (or spice), Yuan ginger, spinach, wheat, corn, green onion garlic 5 years, and in conjunction with deep ploughing, the generation that can effectively alleviate disease.
Chemical prevention
Chemical prevention is the method for preventing and treating generally adopting at present, it is reported that derosal, m-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile, quintozene, fluazinam, cyazofamid etc. have certain preventive effect to plasmodiophora brassicae.Conventional method has: (1) adopts forest sterile soil to cultivate anosis strong sprout, before transplanting, with being with medicine to transplant after 500 times of liquid spray roots of 75 % m-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile wettable powder or sprinkling, after 15 days, waters the pool once again with 500 times of m-tetrachlorophthalodinitriles.Live plot, sows after watering the pool when sowing with 500 times of liquid of m-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile again, and emerging, sprinkling was once again in 15 days.Available following medicament sprinkling before (2) 5 leaf phases: 70% thiophanate methyl 800-1000 times liquid; 50% 80-1000 times of benomyl wettable powder liquid; 500 times of liquid of 75 % m-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile wettable powders; 800 times of liquid of the many Mils of 58% thunder, root is watered with 0.3-0.5 kilogram of liquid in every cave, and 7-10 days 1 time, water continuously 3 times, can control its developmenting spread.(just infect and become root nodule to concentrate on the occurrence regularity before 5 leaf phases with main root according to disease, draw its using method through test: the one, live crop.Medication is for the first time by 300 grams every mu, and 200 kilograms, sand cutting soil is by pool dispenser before sowing, or every bag be watered 80 liters and water the pool; Medication is for the second time converted into 750 times of liquid and after emerging, is filled with root, 0.1 liter of left and right of every pool perfusion liquid; Filled with root dispenser every 7 days with amount more for the third time.The 2nd, culturing and transplanting seedlings crop.Dispenser control should concentrate on the seedbed phase of 1 month, in sowing to dispenser before transplanting 3 times.First inferior to dispenser in sowing three days, and 300 grams of every mu of time medications are watered 400 liters, are made into 750 times of molten liquid irrigating roots; Root is filled with in interval continuous dispenser in 7 days for the second time; For the third time transplant eve, then fill with root dispenser once or transplant time dip in root once, consumption identical (reference: " generation of crucifer club root and control ", Li Fuchun, Yang Min, Su Jianhua, the world of getting rich, 2006.10.10).
Biological control mainly suppresses or kills the pathogen plasmodiophora soil by separate antagonistic microbe from occurring in nature, prevents and treats club root thereby realize.No matter be the cultural control that improves soil, also enhances field management or carry out crop rotation, or the chemical prevention of strict seed treatment, seedbed processing, soil treatment, chemical control, or breeding resistant variety, seek many prophylactico-therapeutic measuress of biological control, all can not 100% eradicate pathogen plasmodiophora, and concentrate before prior to seeding or 6 leaf 1 hearts control phase.
At present also do not have a kind of effective means to prevent and treat and treat the Cruciferae club root disease plant of 6 leaf phases and above breeding time, farthest reduce or avoid susceptible crop death or the underproduction, ensure the economic interests at plantation family.In addition, the many employings of the cultural control measure that field is conventional and Chemical control methods are spread fertilizer over the fields, are filled with root, water the methods of application such as pouring, easily there is the burning seedling phenomenon by fertile medication inequality, also easily cause the problems such as soil compaction, chemicals residual quantity exceed standard, the reduction of farmland ecosystem stability, the rising of crop in cruciferae planting cost to occur.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming of prior art, the invention provides a kind of root-growing agent that is used for the treatment of the control crop in cruciferae club root of breeding time more than 6 leaf phases.
The raw material of this root-growing agent comprises 50 ~ 100 parts of 140 ~ 250 parts of 0.1 ~ 0.5 part of water-soluble boron compounds, water-soluble nitrogen compound and fertilizers by weight.Technical purpose of the present invention is by adopting lower than the water-soluble boron of conventional amount used, realizing higher than water-soluble nitrogen and the composite of a certain amount of fertilizer of conventional amount used.
In the present invention, water-soluble nitrogen compound and water-soluble boron compound all adopt the available compound of agricultural, such as water-soluble boron compound is agricultural borax, boric acid, boric magnesium fertilizer etc., and water-soluble nitrogen compound is urea, bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate etc.Described fertilizer can be soil ulmin, fowl and animal excrement or other forms of fertilizer.
Studies have found that, in the process of club root nodule formation, growth hormone and phytokinin play decisive action, and phytokinin plays a leading role in early days at nodule formation, and growth hormone plays a leading role at nodule formation late period.Early stage in club root morbidity, plasmodiophora brassicae also has obvious inrichment to phytokinin, causes the Cytokinin Contents in root tissue cell temporarily to fall after rise.Protoplasma group in club root root nodule is a growth hormone (IAA) storehouse, the IAA that results from other position of plant is enriched to root nodule position (reference: " crop in cruciferae club root infect physiology and Progress on Resistance Inheritance " by it, Wang Fangzhan, Liu Yapei etc., China's oil crops journal, 2012,34(2): 215-224).Therefore, in neoplastic process, assemble and cannot be transported to nutritive issue at root except the assimilation product of the root that extremely expands, it is also to cause aerial growth one of reason slowly that normal plants root growth slows down.Given this, conventional not only can not prevent and treat disease plant taking IAA or/and phytokinin is prevented and treated optimum period (after planting, before the 5-6 leaf phase) as the root-growing agent of main effective constituent uses in crop in cruciferae club root, can increase the weight of on the contrary the state of an illness; Rarely have research staff to use in the ill later stage of plant.
Boron is one of essential nutritive element of plant, with boric acid molecule (H 3bO 3) form be absorbed and used by plants, in plant materials, be difficult for mobile.Boron can promote root growth, to photosynthetic product---and the synthetic and transhipment of carbohydrate plays an important role, and fertilization process normally had to a special role.Crop in cruciferae, particularly rape are boron nutrition sensitive crops.Research shows, sprays boron at seedling stage, during Wintering Period and the initial bloom stage of rape, can increase plant height, main inflorescence length, branch amount, individual plant angle fruit number, grain number and grain heavy, and the number of sheets, rhizome are thick and thousand seed weight changes not obvious; Because of execute boron amount number, vegetable seed output also has increase in various degree; Too much executing boron can cause waste so that poison.
Nitrogen is one of crop alimentary three elements, and the quality of crop nitrogen nutrition situation has directly determined its output height and quality.There are some researches show the nitrogenous fertilizer of enriching, photosynthetic rate, light compensation point, chlorophyll content that can make the crops such as lettuce etc. is improved, and excessive applied nitrogen can cause light and characteristic to change and cause production declining to unfavorable direction.
Inventor's discovery that studies for a long period of time, when boron and nitrogen are with consumption compatibility of the present invention, and be aided with the fertilizer such as soil ulmin or fowl and animal excrement and make non-powdery granule, to in 12 of seedling stages more than true leaf, and/or the crop in cruciferae of possessing the sense club root of at least 1/5 normal root hair has good therapeutic action, the plant root that can effectively promote to be injured is taken out Fa Xingen, strengthens the photosynthesis of plant.Above-ground plant parts, applying root-growing agent of the present invention after 15 days, restore normal growth.Breathe vigorous plant, can prevent the lytic enzyme vigor of pathogenic bacteria invasion and inhibition intrusion bacterium, stop the development of disease, plant disease resistance increases.
In the present invention, water-soluble boron compound from borax, boric acid, boric magnesium fertilizer at least one.Water-soluble nitrogen compound from urea, bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate at least one.
The present invention also provides the method for the described root-growing agent of preparation, comprises the steps:
(1) 49 ~ 60 parts of 0.1 ~ 0.5 part of water intaking water soluble boron compound, 150 ~ 250 parts of water-soluble nitrogen compounds and fertilizers;
(2) the each material of step (1) is mixed with water, then add in mixing and blending machine and stir; In this step, the consumption of water routinely granulation process institute expense adds, and is as the criterion to be suitable for granulating;
(3) raw material after mixing is granulated with fertilizer granulating machine, then dry to particle water content not higher than 20wt%, must prevent and treat the root-growing agent of crop in cruciferae club root.
The inventor makes non-Powdered by the material mixing of fertilizer and boron, nitrogenous source.By effective constituents such as fertilizer chelating boron, nitrogen, extend fertilizer efficiency on the one hand, avoid on the other hand because of the too high restraining effect to other absorption of trace elements of boron partial concn.Conventional powdered fertilizer cannot evenly spread fertilizer over the fields, easily because weather, human factor cause the too high generation of partial concn " burning seedling " phenomenon.Because plant leaf blocks, fertilizer cannot directly arrive plant root, has increased fertilising difficulty simultaneously.
Root-growing agent of the present invention is after 12 of crop in cruciferae true leaf seedling stage and/or in the time that sense club root plant also has more than 1/5 normal root system, to use be effectively, generally uses 50-100 kilogram according to every 667 square metres, and applied once is near plant root.
The present invention prevents and treats the root-growing agent of crop in cruciferae club root, is especially suitable for the club root control of rape, cauliflower, volume heart Chinese cabbage etc. crops, can significantly impel rape club root disease plant to bring out new normal root system, recovers the absorptive function of plant root.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following remarkable advantage: with low cost, starting material source abundance; To after 12 true leaf seedling stages and/or the sense club root crop in cruciferae of normal root system recoverable amount more than 1/5 have good result for the treatment of, the plant root that can effectively promote to be injured is taken out Fa Xingen, strengthens the photosynthesis of plant; General fertilising is after 15-30 days, and rapeseed plants over-ground part can restore normal growth, compared with not executing the control group of root-growing agent, and volume increase 10% ~ 50%; Granular preparation, uses conveniently than powder formulation, nontoxic to using personal security; Adding of soil ulmin or fowl and animal excrement, can increase soil permeability, and long-term application can make soil physico-chemical property be improved.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is specifically described; be necessary to be pointed out that at this following examples are just for being further detailed the present invention; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention; some nonessential improvement and adjustment that the person skilled in the art in this field makes according to foregoing invention content, still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, it should be noted that agricultural grade reagent raw material of the present invention, the consumption of each raw material is all in weight part.
Embodiment 1
Get 0.1 part of boron oxide, 150 parts, urea, 49 parts, soil ulmin, after mixing, granulates with water, then dries or natural air drying, both.
Embodiment 2
Get 0.5 part of boron oxide, 140 parts, urea, 60 parts of fowl and animal excrements mix, and after mixing, granulate with water, then dry or natural air drying, both.
Embodiment 3
Get 0.1 part of boric acid, 150 parts, urea, 49 parts, soil ulmin mixes, and mixes rear granulation with water, then dry or natural air drying, both.
Embodiment 4
Get 0.3 part of boron fertilizer, 0.2 part of borax, 150 parts, urea, 50 parts, soil ulmin mixes, and mixes rear granulation with water, then dry or natural air drying, both.
Embodiment 5
Get 0.1 part of boric magnesium fertilizer, 0.4 part of borax, 80 parts, urea, 80 parts, bicarbonate of ammonia, 49 parts of fertilizers mix, and mix rear granulation with water, then dry or natural air drying, both.
Embodiment 6
Get 0.5 part of borax, 50 parts, ammonium phosphate, 90 parts, bicarbonate of ammonia, 60 parts of fowl and animal excrements mix, and mix rear granulation with water, then dry or natural air drying, both.
application Example 1
In in November, 2012 in Guanghan western Gao Zhen, use the embodiment of the present invention 1 root-growing agent in rape (13 leaf periods) club root field occurred frequently, use after 15 days, 76% wilting above-ground plant parts growth is normal, to the rape ripening stage, rape club root sickness rate reduces by 45.8%, and club root preventive effect is 62.3%; Use after this root-growing agent, rape plant height on average increases 1cm-1.8cm, and effective traps increases 5%-8%, and Semen Brassicae campestris thousand seed weight increases 3%-5%, the average volume increase of mu 34Kg-48Kg.
application Example 2
In September, 2013-2013 year November, the embodiment of the present invention 6 root-growing agents are used for preventing and treating Chinese cabbage club root (the normal root system recoverable amount approximately 1/4 of Chinese cabbage).Use after root-growing agent 13 days, 83% wilting above-ground plant parts growth is normal.Chinese cabbage investigation harvesting time shows, uses root-growing agent Chinese cabbage club root incidence and reduces by 52.3%, and club root preventive effect is 72.1%; Individual plant Chinese cabbage fresh weight average increment 509g-1264g, mu volume increase 398Kg.
application Example 3
In September, 2013-2013 year November, the embodiment of the present invention 3 root-growing agents are used for preventing and treating Chinese cabbage club root (the normal root system recoverable amount approximately 1/4 of Chinese cabbage).Use after root-growing agent 13 days, 80% wilting above-ground plant parts growth is normal.Chinese cabbage investigation harvesting time shows, uses root-growing agent Chinese cabbage club root incidence and reduces by 57.5%, and club root preventive effect is 75.3%; Individual plant Chinese cabbage fresh weight average increment 614g-1132g, mu volume increase 389Kg.

Claims (7)

1. a root-growing agent of preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root, is characterized in that, comprises by weight 49 ~ 60 parts of 140 ~ 250 parts of 0.1 ~ 0.5 part of water-soluble boron compounds, water-soluble nitrogen compound and fertilizers.
2. a kind of root-growing agent of preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root according to claim 1, is characterized in that, water-soluble boron compound from borax, boric acid, boric magnesium fertilizer at least one.
3. a kind of root-growing agent of preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root according to claim 1, is characterized in that, water-soluble nitrogen compound from urea, bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate at least one.
4. a kind of root-growing agent of preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fertilizer is selected from soil ulmin and/or fowl and animal excrement.
5. the method for the root-growing agent of preparation control crop in cruciferae club root, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) 0.1 ~ 0.5 part of water intaking water soluble boron compound, 150 ~ 250 parts of water-soluble nitrogen compounds and fertilizer 49-60 part by weight;
(2) the described material of step (1) and water are added in mixing and blending machine and stirred;
(3) raw material after mixing is granulated with fertilizer granulating machine, then dry to particle water content not higher than 20wt%, must prevent and treat the root-growing agent of crop in cruciferae club root.
6. the purposes of the root-growing agent of control crop in cruciferae club root, it is characterized in that: this root-growing agent is used after 12 of crop in cruciferae true leaf seedling stage and/or when the plant that infects club root also has more than 1/5 normal root system, every 667 squares of meters are used 50-100 kilogram, and applied once is near plant root.
7. the purposes of the root-growing agent of control crop in cruciferae club root according to claim 6, is characterized in that: be the club root control for rape, cauliflower, volume core white dish by this root-growing agent.
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104584940A (en) * 2015-02-28 2015-05-06 四川农业大学 Application of humus for preventing clubroot of cruciferous crops
CN104945204A (en) * 2015-06-25 2015-09-30 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 Special-purpose rape fertilizer for preventing clubroots
CN106588508A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-04-26 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Special fertilizer for preventing and treating club root of Cruciferae crops, preparation method therefor and application of special fertilizer
CN111032598A (en) * 2019-03-15 2020-04-17 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 A growth promoter and its application in the prevention and treatment of clubroot disease of cruciferous crops
CN111670740A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-09-18 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Soil conditioning method for preventing and treating rape clubroot
CN112449957A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-09 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Method for improving transplanting survival rate of blanket-shaped rape seedling
CN116267361A (en) * 2023-05-10 2023-06-23 沈阳农业大学 A kind of method of controlling clubroot of cruciferous crops

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CN102515940A (en) * 2011-11-28 2012-06-27 史丹利化肥股份有限公司 Multi-element biologic humic acid fertilizer special for potatoes and preparation method thereof
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104584940A (en) * 2015-02-28 2015-05-06 四川农业大学 Application of humus for preventing clubroot of cruciferous crops
CN104945204A (en) * 2015-06-25 2015-09-30 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 Special-purpose rape fertilizer for preventing clubroots
CN106588508A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-04-26 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Special fertilizer for preventing and treating club root of Cruciferae crops, preparation method therefor and application of special fertilizer
CN106588508B (en) * 2016-12-29 2019-12-27 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Special fertilizer for preventing and treating clubroot of cruciferous crops as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN111032598A (en) * 2019-03-15 2020-04-17 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 A growth promoter and its application in the prevention and treatment of clubroot disease of cruciferous crops
WO2020186400A1 (en) * 2019-03-15 2020-09-24 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Growth promoter and use thereof in preventing and treating clubroot disease in cruciferous crop
CN111670740A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-09-18 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Soil conditioning method for preventing and treating rape clubroot
CN112449957A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-09 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Method for improving transplanting survival rate of blanket-shaped rape seedling
CN116267361A (en) * 2023-05-10 2023-06-23 沈阳农业大学 A kind of method of controlling clubroot of cruciferous crops

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