CN115380785A - High-quality and high-yield planting method for rice - Google Patents
High-quality and high-yield planting method for rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN115380785A CN115380785A CN202211253633.4A CN202211253633A CN115380785A CN 115380785 A CN115380785 A CN 115380785A CN 202211253633 A CN202211253633 A CN 202211253633A CN 115380785 A CN115380785 A CN 115380785A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting methods, and particularly relates to a high-quality and high-yield planting method of rice, which comprises the following steps: preparing soil, and applying an organic fertilizer; pretreating seeds; seedling raising; transplanting rice seedlings; and (3) field management: applying base fertilizer, additional tiller fertilizer, spike fertilizer and granular fertilizer; the tillering fertilizer is applied at the tillering stage of rice, and the formula is as follows: 2, 4-D1-2 mg and 1L of water, and applying pure nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering stage of the rice; the spike fertilizer is applied in the booting stage of rice, and the formula is as follows: 2-4mg of magnesium chloride and 1L of water, and applying nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer to the rice booting ears; the granular fertilizer is applied in the heading stage of rice, and the formula of the granular fertilizer is as follows: 0.2-0.5g of sodium selenite and 1L of water; and (6) harvesting. The method can improve the yield, the crude protein content and the selenium content of the rice, and finally achieves the effect of high quality and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting methods, and particularly relates to a high-quality and high-yield planting method for rice.
Background
At present, according to different planting modes, the planting method of the rice is roughly divided into a rice high-quality cultivation technology, a rice light and simple cultivation technology and a rice high-yield cultivation technology, wherein the rice high-quality cultivation technology focuses on ensuring the quality and the yield of the rice and enables the rice to be applied and popularized in a plurality of rice planting areas. The simple cultivation method mainly controls seedling throwing cultivation and direct seeding cultivation, and is applied more in recent years. The key of the high-yield cultivation technology is to improve the ear number and thousand kernel weight of rice and improve the rice yield from each stage of breeding, seed selection, cultivation, water and fertilizer management and the like, and the key of the method is to apply nitrogen fertilizer. In comprehensive comparison, the quality (such as protein content and nutrient element content) of the high-quality rice cultivation technology is superior to that of the high-yield cultivation technology, but the yield of the high-quality rice cultivation technology is lower than that of the high-yield cultivation technology.
Regardless of the above method, the planting of rice roughly includes the following steps: reasonably selecting planting areas and planting varieties, reasonably selecting a watering scheme and a fertilizing scheme, and reasonably selecting a harvesting scheme. In the steps, fertilization is the most critical, and the advantages of the better rice varieties cannot be exerted if a reasonable fertilization scheme is not adopted. There are many research documents on the prior art regarding the fertilization method of rice, and there are review types of comparisons, such as the research results of Zhou Jingkun et al (Zhou Jingsun, the fertilization method of rice formulation and its comparative research [ J ]. Seed science, 2021,39 (12): 3), and the research results of selenium-rich rice, such as Luo Qing Hua et al (Luo Qing Hua, segmented Yunpeng, the fertilization method of selenium-rich rice:, CN112369175A [ P ]. 2021). Although there are many studies on the method of planting rice, there are few methods that can improve both the quality and yield of rice. Based on the current research situation, a planting method capable of simultaneously improving the quality and the yield of rice needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-quality and high-yield planting method for rice.
The invention aims to provide a high-quality and high-yield planting method of rice, which comprises the following steps:
land preparation: deep ploughing and applying an organic fertilizer;
pretreating seeds;
seedling raising: sowing the pretreated seeds in a seedling raising greenhouse, and transplanting seedlings when the seedlings grow to the height of three leaves and one heart;
transplanting rice seedlings: before transplanting rice seedlings, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied to the field;
and (3) field management: topdressing tillering fertilizer, spike fertilizer and granular fertilizer;
wherein the tillering fertilizer is applied at the tillering stage of rice, and the formulation of the tillering fertilizer is as follows: 2, 4-D1-2 mg and 1L of water, and spraying the foliage; and applying a nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering stage;
the spike fertilizer is applied in the rice booting stage, and the formulation of the spike fertilizer is as follows: 2-4mg of magnesium chloride and 1L of water, and spraying the magnesium chloride on leaf surfaces; and applying a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer in the tillering stage;
the granular fertilizer is applied in the heading stage of rice, and the formula of the granular fertilizer is as follows: 0.2-0.5g of sodium selenite and 1L of water, and spraying the sodium selenite and the water on leaf surfaces; applying nitrogen fertilizer in the heading stage of the rice;
harvesting: and harvesting after the rice is mature.
Preferably, in the method for planting the rice with high quality and high yield, the organic fertilizer is decomposed animal waste.
Preferably, in the method for planting rice with good quality and high yield, the seed pretreatment comprises:
seed selection: drying the rice seeds for one day in dry weather, removing shrunken grains, diseased grains and impurities, and selecting full and disease-free excellent seeds from the dried rice seeds;
seed soaking: placing the excellent seeds in water, wherein the cumulative soaking temperature of the rice seeds is 100 ℃;
accelerating germination: breaking the chest of the soaked seeds at 30-32 ℃, cooling to 25 ℃ for germination when more than 80% of the seeds have broken chest, cooling to 15 ℃ when the buds are 0.8-1mm long, airing the buds for 6-8h, and sowing.
Preferably, the method for planting the rice with good quality and high yield comprises the steps of ditching the land for raising the rice seedlings after soil preparation, and dividing the land into a grid shape and land blocks between ditches by using the ditches.
Preferably, the rice seed soaking specific condition is that the rice seed soaking is carried out at 10-20 ℃ for 5-10 days.
Preferably, in the high-quality high-yield planting method of the rice, in the seedling raising process, when the height of the rice seedling is 3-4cm, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once, and the foliar fertilizer is sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.03 g/L.
Preferably, in the high-quality and high-yield planting method for the rice, the transplanting density is set to be twenty thousand holes per mu.
Preferably, in the high-quality and high-yield planting method of the rice, the tillering fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage of the rice during field management, and the formulation of the tillering fertilizer is as follows: 2, 4-D1 mg and 1L of water, wherein 10-13L of the tillering fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the tillering fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces; and applying 36 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare in the tillering stage of the rice.
Preferably, in the method for planting the rice with good quality and high yield, the spike fertilizer is applied in the booting stage of the rice during field management, and the formula of the spike fertilizer is as follows: 2mg of magnesium chloride and 1L of water, wherein 10-13L of spike fertilizer is applied per mu, and the mixture is sprayed on leaf surfaces; and 24 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer and 36 kilograms of potassium fertilizer are applied to each hectare in the booting stage of the rice.
Preferably, in the method for planting the rice with high quality and high yield, the granular fertilizer is applied in the heading stage of the rice during field management, and the formula of the granular fertilizer is as follows: 0.5g of sodium selenite and 1L of water, wherein 10-13L of granular fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the prior art, the seedlings are grown in seedbeds in a greenhouse in northeast, the width of each seedbed is 2.6-3.6m, the width of a walking track between two seedbeds is 30cm, and the seedlings grown in the seedbeds are adjacent to one another and are in a large piece. In order to solve the problem, the method adopts a mode of dividing the soil in the greenhouse shown in fig. 1, the soil is divided into a grid shape by ditching, and then seed pits are dug in land blocks between ditches, and the ditches can be used as footpaths on one hand and water flow channels when seedbeds are used for watering bottom water on the other hand. The distance between adjacent sowing pits in each land block is 8-13cm, the diameter of the sowing pits is 20-30cm, and the space between the adjacent sowing pits is used as a footpath and a water flow channel.
2. In the method, during seedling raising, when the height of seedlings reaches 3-4cm, the foliar fertilizer sodium hypochlorite solution is sprayed, and the foliar fertilizer has the effects of promoting growth and preventing diseases.
3. In the field management period, the method of the invention applies additional tiller fertilizer, spike fertilizer and grain fertilizer, improves the rice yield, the crude protein content and the selenium content, and finally achieves the effect of high quality and high yield.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a method of dividing a greenhouse seedling raising land according to example 1.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
In the description of the present invention, reagents used are commercially available and methods used are conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of rice comprises the following steps:
step 1, soil preparation
The planting area is selected from Harbin city, the first temperature accumulating zone is that the planting temperature is more than or equal to 2700 ℃, and before the rice is planted, the soil needs to be ploughed and ploughed deeply for 20cm, so that the soil is soft, and on the other hand, organic fertilizer is applied before ploughing, so that the soil fertility is improved. The organic fertilizer is decomposed pig manure, and 100kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the organic fertilizer.
Step 2, pretreatment of seeds
The step is a key step of seedling raising, and if the seed pretreatment is not well done, seedlings can grow slowly and miss the optimal seedling transplanting time. In the examples of the present invention, we used the following seed pretreatment method:
1) Seed selection: the rice variety with better quality is selected, the experiment selects Longdao 18 (a variety cultivated by cultivation of the academy of agriculture sciences of Heilongjiang province), and in 2001, the cultivation research institute of the academy of agriculture sciences of Heilongjiang province takes Dongnong 423 as a female parent and Longdao No. 3 (primary No. Ha 99-88) as a male parent to prepare the hybrid combination. In 2009, the field number is Ha 09-05. DUS test, cold tolerance identification at booting stage, disease resistance identification and rice quality identification are carried out while the test is carried out in the participating district, and according to the field performance of each test point, ha 09-05 is examined and rated by the examining and rating committee of crop varieties in Heilongjiang province in 2014, wherein the examined and rated number is black examined rice 2014005 and the name is Longdao 18. The growth period is about 140 days, the plant height is about 98 cm, and the yield can reach about 8900 kilograms per hectare.
And (3) airing the Longdao 18 seeds for one day in dry weather, so that flat grains, diseased grains and impurities can be removed conveniently, and full and disease-free excellent seeds can be selected from the aired rice seeds.
2) Seed soaking: and (3) placing the fine seeds in the last step in water, soaking the seeds for 10d at 10 ℃, and paying attention to the fact that the liquid level is 2cm above the upper surfaces of the seeds, so that the seeds can absorb water sufficiently, and the seeds are favorable for germination.
3) Accelerating germination: breaking the chest of the soaked seeds at 30 ℃. When about 80% of seeds are broken in number, the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, when the length of the bud is 1mm, the temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, the bud is aired for 6 hours, and sowing can be carried out.
Step 3, raising rice seedlings
Selecting a seedling raising land, covering a film on a greenhouse, tightly pressing the periphery of the film, tightly cultivating the film by using soil, and drawing a windproof net belt.
The land division method shown in fig. 1 is adopted, the land is divided into grid shapes by ditching, the depth of the ditch is 10cm, the width of the ditch is 20cm, the seed sowing pits are dug in land blocks between the ditches, the distance between adjacent seed sowing pits in each land block is 8cm, and the diameter of each seed sowing pit is 20cm.
And (3) sowing the seeds after the sprouting in the step (2) in the land blocks between the ditches, wherein the sowing time is 4 months and 20 days according to the amount of 600g per square meter (area without ditches).
When the height of the seedling is 3-4cm, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once, the foliar fertilizer is sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 0.01g/L, 10L is sprayed per mu, and the foliar fertilizer has the effects of promoting growth and preventing diseases.
150g of diammonium phosphate is scattered in each square meter of a field for seedling raising before seedling raising.
The survival rate of the seedlings in the step reaches 99%, and when the seedlings grow to be three leaves and one heart, the growth period is about 30d, and then the seedlings can be transplanted.
Before transplanting, applying base fertilizers (comprising nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers) to the field after land preparation in the step 1, wherein 54 kg of nitrogen fertilizers (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizers), 27 kg of phosphate fertilizers (calculated by pure phosphorus in the fertilizers) and 27 kg of potassium fertilizers (calculated by pure potassium in the fertilizers) are applied per hectare. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.
The density of the rice seedlings is set to be twenty thousand holes per mu.
Step 5, field management
Topdressing tiller fertilizer, spike fertilizer and granular fertilizer.
Wherein the tillering fertilizer is applied at the tillering stage of rice, and the formulation of the tillering fertilizer is as follows: 2, 4-D1 mg and 1L of water, wherein 10L of the tillering fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the tillering fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces; and applying 40.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) per hectare at the tillering stage.
The spike fertilizer is applied in the rice booting stage, and the formulation of the spike fertilizer is as follows: 2mg of magnesium chloride and 1L of water, wherein 10L of spike fertilizer is applied per mu, and the mixture is sprayed on leaf surfaces; and 27 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) and 36 kilograms of potassium fertilizer (calculated by pure potassium in the fertilizer) are applied to each hectare in the booting period.
The granular fertilizer is applied in the heading stage of rice, and the formula of the granular fertilizer is as follows: 0.5g of sodium selenite and 1L of water, wherein 10L of granular fertilizer is applied to each mu of the soil, and the soil is sprayed on leaf surfaces; and applying 13.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) per hectare at the heading stage of the rice.
Step 6, harvesting
After the rice is harvested after maturity, the yield is tested, the yield is 9835 kilograms per hectare, the crude protein content is 13.9 percent (w/w), the selenium content is 0.93 mu g/g, the rate of processing the rice hulls is 15.0 percent, and the taste quality score is 88 minutes.
The procedure of example 1 was repeated once, wherein the yield in the second year was 9799 kg/ha, the crude protein content was 13.8% (w/w), the selenium content was 0.87. Mu.g/g, the treated shell rate was 14.5%, and the taste quality score was 89 min.
The effect is stable after two-year continuous planting.
It should be noted that, unless the difference between each example and each experimental example is described, the same method is used for all the examples and experiments except the steps for rice cultivation.
Example 2
A high-quality and high-yield planting method of rice comprises the following steps:
step 1, soil preparation
The planting area is selected from Harbin city, the first temperature accumulating zone is that the planting temperature is more than or equal to 2700 ℃, before the rice is planted, the soil needs to be ploughed, the deep ploughing is carried out for 16cm, on one hand, the soil is soft, on the other hand, organic fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer before the ploughing, and the soil fertility is improved. The organic fertilizer is decomposed pig manure, and 100kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the organic fertilizer.
Step 2, pretreatment of seeds
1) Seed selection: the rice variety with better quality is selected, and the experiment selects the Longdao 18.
And (3) airing the Longdao 18 seeds for one day in dry weather, so that flat grains, diseased grains and impurities can be removed conveniently, and full and disease-free excellent seeds can be selected from the aired rice seeds.
2) Seed soaking: and (3) placing the fine seeds in the last step in water, soaking for 5d at 20 ℃, and paying attention to the fact that the liquid level is 3cm above the upper surfaces of the seeds, so that the seeds can absorb water sufficiently, and germination is facilitated.
3) Accelerating germination: breaking the chest of the soaked seeds at 30 ℃. When about 80% of seeds are broken in number, the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, when the length of the bud is 1mm, the temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, the bud is aired for 6 hours, and sowing can be carried out.
Step 3, raising rice seedlings
Selecting a seedling raising land, covering a film on a greenhouse, tightly pressing the periphery of the film, tightly cultivating the film by using the soil, and drawing the windproof net belt.
The land division method shown in fig. 1 is adopted, the land is divided into grid shapes by ditching, the depth of the ditch is 5cm, the width of the ditch is 25cm, the seed sowing pits are dug in land blocks between the ditches, the distance between adjacent seed sowing pits in each land block is 13cm, and the diameter of each seed sowing pit is 30cm.
The land between the furrows was used for sowing the germinated seeds in an amount of 750g per square meter (area without furrows) for 4 months and 20 days.
When the height of the seedling is 3-4cm, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once, the foliar fertilizer is sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 0.03g/L, 10L is sprayed per mu, and the foliar fertilizer has the effects of promoting growth and preventing diseases.
150g of diammonium phosphate is scattered in each square meter of a field for seedling raising before seedling raising.
The survival rate of the seedlings in the step reaches 99%, and when the seedlings grow to be three leaves and one heart, the growth period is about 30d, and then the seedlings can be transplanted.
Before transplanting, applying base fertilizers (comprising nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers) to the field after land preparation in the step 1, wherein 54 kg of nitrogen fertilizers (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizers), 27 kg of phosphate fertilizers (calculated by pure phosphorus in the fertilizers) and 27 kg of potassium fertilizers (calculated by pure potassium in the fertilizers) are applied per hectare. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.
The density of the rice seedlings is set to be twenty thousand holes per mu.
Step 5, field management
Topdressing tiller fertilizer, spike fertilizer and granular fertilizer.
The tillering fertilizer is applied at the tillering stage of rice, and the formulation of the tillering fertilizer is as follows: 2, 4-D1 mg and 1L of water, applying 13L of tiller fertilizer per mu, and spraying leaf surfaces; and applying 40.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) per hectare at the tillering stage of the rice.
The spike fertilizer is applied in the rice booting stage, and the formulation of the spike fertilizer is as follows: 2mg of magnesium chloride and 1L of water, wherein 13L of spike fertilizer is applied to each mu of the soil, and the soil is sprayed on leaf surfaces; and 27 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) and 36 kilograms of potassium fertilizer (calculated as pure potassium in the fertilizer) are applied to each hectare in the booting stage.
The granular fertilizer is applied in the heading stage of rice, and the formula of the granular fertilizer is as follows: 0.5g of sodium selenite and 1L of water, wherein 13L of granular fertilizer is applied per mu, and the granular fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces; and applying 13.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) per hectare at the heading stage of the rice.
Step 6, harvesting
After the rice is harvested after maturity, the yield is tested, wherein the yield is 9902 kg per hectare, the crude protein content is 13.6% (w/w), the selenium content is 1.02 mu g/g, the rate of processing the rice hulls is 14.2%, and the taste quality score is 88 min.
The procedure of example 2 was repeated once, wherein the yield in the second year was 9941 kg/ha, the crude protein content was 13.5% (w/w), the selenium content was 1.04. Mu.g/g, the treated shell rate was 13.6%, and the taste quality score was 87 minutes.
The effect is stable after two-year continuous planting.
Blank example:
a high-quality and high-yield planting method of rice comprises the following steps:
step 1, soil preparation
The planting area is selected in Harbin city, the first temperature accumulating zone is that the planting temperature is more than or equal to 2700 ℃, before the rice is planted, the soil needs to be ploughed, the deep ploughing is carried out for 16cm, on one hand, the soil is soft, on the other hand, organic fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer before the ploughing, and the soil fertility is improved. The organic fertilizer is decomposed pig manure, and 100kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the organic fertilizer.
Step 2, pretreatment of seeds
1) Seed selection: selecting a rice variety with better quality, and selecting the Longdao 18 in the experiment.
And (3) airing the Longdao 18 seeds for one day in dry weather, so that flat grains, diseased grains and impurities can be removed conveniently, and full and disease-free excellent seeds can be selected from the aired rice seeds.
2) Seed soaking: and (3) placing the fine seeds in the last step in water, soaking for 5d at 20 ℃, and paying attention to the fact that the liquid level is 3cm above the upper surfaces of the seeds, so that the seeds can absorb water sufficiently, and germination is facilitated.
3) Accelerating germination: breaking the chest of the soaked seeds at the temperature of 30 ℃. When the seeds have about 80 percent of quantity and are broken chest, the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, when the buds are 1mm long, the temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, the buds are aired for 6 hours, and then sowing can be carried out.
Step 3, raising rice seedlings
Selecting a seedling raising land, covering a film on a greenhouse, tightly pressing the periphery of the film, tightly cultivating the film by using soil, and drawing a windproof net belt.
By adopting the land division method shown in fig. 1, the land is divided into grid shapes by ditching, the depth of ditches is 5cm, the width of ditches is 25cm, the land blocks between the ditches are dug with the seeding pits, the distance between adjacent seeding pits in each land block is 13cm, and the diameter of the seeding pits is 30cm.
The plots between the furrows were used for sowing the germinated seeds in an amount of 750g per square meter (area without furrows) for 4 months and 20 days.
150g of diammonium phosphate is scattered in each square meter of a field for seedling raising before seedling raising.
The survival rate of the seedling of the step reaches 90 percent, the survival rate is worse than that of the embodiment, and when the seedling grows to three leaves and one heart, the growth period is about 30d, and then the seedling can be transplanted.
Before transplanting, applying base fertilizers (comprising nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers) to the field after land preparation in the step 1, wherein 54 kg of nitrogen fertilizers (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizers), 27 kg of phosphate fertilizers (calculated by pure phosphorus in the fertilizers) and 27 kg of potassium fertilizers (calculated by pure potassium in the fertilizers) are applied per hectare. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.
The density of the rice seedlings is set to be twenty thousand holes per mu.
Step 5, field management
Applying 40.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) per hectare at the tillering stage of the rice.
In the booting stage of the rice, 27 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) and 36 kilograms of potassium fertilizer (calculated as pure potassium in the fertilizer) are applied per hectare.
Applying 13.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) per hectare in the heading stage of the rice.
Step 6, harvesting
After the rice is harvested after the rice is ripe, the yield is tested and is 8901 kilograms per hectare, the crude protein content is 10.4 percent (w/w), the selenium content is 0.51 mu g/g, the rate of processing the empty hulls is 16.8 percent, and the taste quality score is 82 minutes.
The method of the blank example was repeated once, at which time the yield in the second year was 8811 kg per hectare, the crude protein content was 10.6% (w/w), the selenium content was 0.48. Mu.g/g, the treated shell rate was 17.5%, and the taste quality score was 83 minutes.
Single factor experiment 1:
a high-quality and high-yield planting method of rice comprises the following steps:
step 1, soil preparation
The planting area is selected in Harbin city, the first temperature accumulating zone is that the planting temperature is more than or equal to 2700 ℃, before the rice is planted, the soil needs to be ploughed, the deep ploughing is carried out for 16cm, on one hand, the soil is soft, on the other hand, organic fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer before the ploughing, and the soil fertility is improved. The organic fertilizer is decomposed pig manure, and 100kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the organic fertilizer.
Step 2, pretreatment of seeds
1) Seed selection: the rice variety with better quality is selected, and the experiment selects the Longdao 18.
And (3) airing the Longdao 18 seeds for one day in dry weather, so that flat grains, diseased grains and impurities can be removed conveniently, and full and disease-free excellent seeds can be selected from the aired rice seeds.
2) Seed soaking: and (3) placing the fine seeds in the last step in water, soaking the seeds for 5 days at 20 ℃, and paying attention to the fact that the liquid level is 3cm above the upper surfaces of the seeds, so that the seeds can absorb water sufficiently, and the seeds are favorable for germination.
3) Accelerating germination: breaking the chest of the soaked seeds at 30 ℃. When about 80% of seeds are broken in number, the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, when the length of the bud is 1mm, the temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, the bud is aired for 6 hours, and sowing can be carried out.
Step 3, raising rice seedlings
Selecting a seedling raising land, covering a film on a greenhouse, tightly pressing the periphery of the film, tightly cultivating the film by using the soil, and drawing the windproof net belt.
The land division method shown in fig. 1 is adopted, the land is divided into grid shapes by ditching, the depth of the ditch is 5cm, the width of the ditch is 25cm, the seed sowing pits are dug in land blocks between the ditches, the distance between adjacent seed sowing pits in each land block is 13cm, and the diameter of each seed sowing pit is 30cm.
The plots between the furrows were used for sowing the germinated seeds in an amount of 750g per square meter (area without furrows) for 4 months and 20 days.
When the height of the seedling is 3-4cm, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once, the foliar fertilizer is sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 0.03g/L, 10L is sprayed per mu, and the foliar fertilizer has the effects of promoting growth and preventing diseases.
150g of diammonium phosphate is scattered in each square meter of a field for seedling raising before seedling raising.
The survival rate of the seedlings in the step reaches 98%, and when the seedlings grow to be three leaves and one heart, the growth period is about 30d, and then the seedlings can be transplanted.
Before transplanting, applying base fertilizers (comprising nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers) to the field after land preparation in the step 1, wherein 54 kg of nitrogen fertilizers (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizers), 27 kg of phosphate fertilizers (calculated by pure phosphorus in the fertilizers) and 27 kg of potassium fertilizers (calculated by pure potassium in the fertilizers) are applied per hectare. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.
The density of the rice seedlings is set to be twenty thousand holes per mu.
Step 5, field management
Applying 40.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) per hectare at the tillering stage of the rice.
27 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) and 36 kilograms of potassium fertilizer (calculated by pure potassium in the fertilizer) are applied to each hectare in the booting period of the rice.
Nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) is applied at 13.5 kg per hectare in the heading stage of rice.
Step 6, harvesting
After the rice is harvested after maturity, the yield is tested, wherein the yield is 8896 kilograms per hectare, the crude protein content is 10.5 percent (w/w), the selenium content is 0.52 mu g/g, the rate of processing the rice hulls is 16.7 percent, and the taste quality score is 82 minutes.
The procedure of the single factor experiment 1 was repeated once, at which time the yield in the second year was 8867 kg per hectare, the crude protein content was 10.7% (w/w), the selenium content was 0.47. Mu.g/g, the treated shell rate was 17.2%, and the taste quality score was 84 min.
Single factor experiment 2:
a high-quality and high-yield planting method of rice comprises the following steps:
step 1, soil preparation
The planting area is selected in Harbin city, the first temperature accumulating zone is that the planting temperature is more than or equal to 2700 ℃, before the rice is planted, the soil needs to be ploughed, the deep ploughing is carried out for 16cm, on one hand, the soil is soft, on the other hand, organic fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer before the ploughing, and the soil fertility is improved. The organic fertilizer is decomposed pig manure, and 100kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the organic fertilizer.
Step 2, pretreatment of seeds
1) Seed selection: selecting a rice variety with better quality, and selecting the Longdao 18 in the experiment.
And (3) airing the Longdao 18 seeds for one day in dry weather, so that flat grains, diseased grains and impurities can be removed conveniently, and full and disease-free excellent seeds can be selected from the aired rice seeds.
2) Seed soaking: and (3) placing the fine seeds in the last step in water, soaking the seeds for 5 days at 20 ℃, and paying attention to the fact that the liquid level is 3cm above the upper surfaces of the seeds, so that the seeds can absorb water sufficiently, and the seeds are favorable for germination.
3) Accelerating germination: breaking the chest of the soaked seeds at 30 ℃. When the seeds have about 80 percent of quantity and are broken chest, the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, when the buds are 1mm long, the temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, the buds are aired for 6 hours, and then sowing can be carried out.
Step 3, raising rice seedlings
Selecting a seedling raising land, covering a film on a greenhouse, tightly pressing the periphery of the film, tightly cultivating the film by using the soil, and drawing the windproof net belt.
The land division method shown in fig. 1 is adopted, the land is divided into grid shapes by ditching, the depth of the ditch is 5cm, the width of the ditch is 25cm, the seed sowing pits are dug in land blocks between the ditches, the distance between adjacent seed sowing pits in each land block is 13cm, and the diameter of each seed sowing pit is 30cm.
The plots between the furrows were used for sowing the germinated seeds in an amount of 750g per square meter (area without furrows) for 4 months and 20 days. It should be noted that if the field after soil preparation still has more weeds, the field after soil preparation is sterilized with herbicide and bactericide.
When the height of the seedlings reaches 3-4cm, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once, the foliar fertilizer is sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 0.03g/L, 10L is sprayed per mu, and the foliar fertilizer has the effects of promoting growth and preventing diseases.
150g of diammonium phosphate is scattered in each square meter of a field for seedling raising before seedling raising.
The survival rate of the seedlings in the step reaches 98%, and when the seedlings grow to be three leaves and one heart, the growth period is about 30d, and then the seedlings can be transplanted.
Before transplanting, applying base fertilizers (comprising nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers) to the field after land preparation in the step 1, wherein 54 kg of nitrogen (calculated as pure nitrogen in the fertilizer), 27 kg of phosphorus (calculated as pure phosphorus in the fertilizer) and 27 kg of potassium (calculated as pure potassium in the fertilizer) are applied per hectare. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.
The density of the rice seedlings is set to be twenty thousand holes per mu.
Step 5, field management
The tillering fertilizer is applied at the tillering stage of rice, and the formulation of the tillering fertilizer is as follows: 2, 4-D1 mg and 1L of water, applying 13L of tiller fertilizer per mu, and spraying leaf surfaces; and applying 40.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) per hectare at the tillering stage of the rice.
27 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) and 36 kilograms of potassium fertilizer (calculated by pure potassium in the fertilizer) are applied to each hectare in the booting period of the rice.
Applying 13.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) per hectare in the heading stage of the rice.
Step 6, harvesting
After the rice is harvested after the rice is ripe, the yield is tested and is 9348 kilograms per hectare, the crude protein content is 11.6 percent (w/w), the selenium content is 0.60 mu g/g, the rate of processing the empty hulls is 15.7 percent, and the taste quality is divided into 85 minutes.
The method of the single factor experiment 2 was repeated once, and the yield in the second year was 9416 kg per hectare, 11.2% (w/w) of crude protein, 0.64 μ g/g of selenium, 15.4% of the treated shells, and 86 min of taste and flavor.
The effect is stable after two-year continuous planting.
Single factor experiment 3:
a high-quality and high-yield planting method of rice comprises the following steps:
step 1, soil preparation
The planting area is selected in Harbin city, the first temperature accumulating zone is that the planting temperature is more than or equal to 2700 ℃, before the rice is planted, the soil needs to be ploughed, the deep ploughing is carried out for 16cm, on one hand, the soil is soft, on the other hand, organic fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer before the ploughing, and the soil fertility is improved. The organic fertilizer is decomposed pig manure, and 100kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the organic fertilizer.
Step 2, pretreatment of seeds
1) Seed selection: the rice variety with better quality is selected, and the experiment selects the Longdao 18.
And (3) airing the Longdao 18 seeds for one day in dry weather, so that flat grains, diseased grains and impurities can be removed conveniently, and full and disease-free excellent seeds can be selected from the aired rice seeds.
2) Seed soaking: and (3) placing the fine seeds in the last step in water, soaking the seeds for 5 days at 20 ℃, and paying attention to the fact that the liquid level is 3cm above the upper surfaces of the seeds, so that the seeds can absorb water sufficiently, and the seeds are favorable for germination.
3) Accelerating germination: breaking the chest of the soaked seeds at the temperature of 30 ℃. When the seeds have about 80 percent of quantity and are broken chest, the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, when the buds are 1mm long, the temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, the buds are aired for 6 hours, and then sowing can be carried out.
Step 3, raising rice seedlings
Selecting a seedling raising land, covering a film on a greenhouse, tightly pressing the periphery of the film, tightly cultivating the film by using the soil, and drawing the windproof net belt.
The land division method shown in fig. 1 is adopted, the land is divided into grid shapes by ditching, the depth of the ditch is 5cm, the width of the ditch is 25cm, the seed sowing pits are dug in land blocks between the ditches, the distance between adjacent seed sowing pits in each land block is 13cm, and the diameter of each seed sowing pit is 30cm.
The land between the furrows was used for sowing the germinated seeds in an amount of 750g per square meter (area without furrows) for 4 months and 20 days. It should be noted that if the field after soil preparation still has more weeds, the field after soil preparation is sterilized by herbicide and bactericide.
When the height of the seedlings reaches 3-4cm, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once, the foliar fertilizer is sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 0.03g/L, 10L is sprayed per mu, and the foliar fertilizer has the effects of promoting growth and preventing diseases.
150g of diammonium phosphate is scattered in each square meter of a field for seedling raising before seedling raising.
The survival rate of the seedlings in the step reaches 99%, and when the seedlings grow to be three leaves and one heart, the growth period is about 30d, and then the seedlings can be transplanted.
Before transplanting, applying base fertilizers (including nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers) to the field after land preparation in the step 1, wherein 54 kg of nitrogen (calculated as pure nitrogen in the fertilizer), 27 kg of phosphate fertilizers (calculated as pure phosphorus in the fertilizer) and 27 kg of potassium fertilizers (calculated as pure potassium in the fertilizer) are applied per hectare. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.
The density of the rice seedlings is set to be twenty thousand holes per mu.
Step 5, field management
Applying 40.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) per hectare at the tillering stage of the rice.
The spike fertilizer is applied in the rice booting stage, and the formulation of the spike fertilizer is as follows: 2mg of magnesium chloride and 1L of water, applying 13L of spike fertilizer per mu, and spraying leaf surfaces; and 27 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) and 36 kilograms of potassium fertilizer (calculated by pure potassium in the fertilizer) are applied to each hectare in the booting period of the rice.
13.5 kg of nitrogen (calculated as pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) is applied to each hectare at the heading stage of the rice.
Step 6, harvesting
After the rice is harvested after maturity, the yield is tested, wherein the yield is 9501 kg per hectare, the crude protein content is 12.5% (w/w), the selenium content is 0.59 mu g/g, the rate of processing the rice hulls is 15.0%, and the taste quality score is 86 min.
The method of the single factor experiment 3 was repeated once, at which time the yield in the second year was 9489 kg per hectare, the crude protein content was 12.6% (w/w), the selenium content was 0.55 μ g/g, the treated void fraction was 15.5%, and the taste quality score was 87 min.
The effect is stable after two-year continuous planting.
Single factor experiment 4:
a high-quality and high-yield planting method of rice comprises the following steps:
step 1, soil preparation
The planting area is selected in Harbin city, the first temperature accumulating zone is that the planting temperature is more than or equal to 2700 ℃, before the rice is planted, the soil needs to be ploughed, the deep ploughing is carried out for 16cm, on one hand, the soil is soft, on the other hand, organic fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer before the ploughing, and the soil fertility is improved. The organic fertilizer is decomposed animal manure of cattle and pigs, and the mass ratio of the manure of the cattle and pigs is 1. 100kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu.
Step 2, pretreatment of seeds
1) Seed selection: selecting a rice variety with better quality, and selecting the Longdao 18 in the experiment.
And (3) airing the Longdao 18 seeds for one day in dry weather, so that flat grains, diseased grains and impurities can be removed conveniently, and full and disease-free excellent seeds can be selected from the aired rice seeds.
2) Seed soaking: and (3) placing the fine seeds in the last step in water, soaking for 5d at 20 ℃, and paying attention to the fact that the liquid level is 3cm above the upper surfaces of the seeds, so that the seeds can absorb water sufficiently, and germination is facilitated.
3) Accelerating germination: breaking the chest of the soaked seeds at the temperature of 30 ℃. When the seeds have about 80 percent of quantity and are broken chest, the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ for accelerating germination, when the buds are 1mm long, the temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, the buds are aired for 6 hours, and then sowing can be carried out.
Step 3, raising rice seedlings
Selecting a field for seedling cultivation, covering a film on a greenhouse, tightly pressing the periphery of the film, tightly cultivating the film by using soil, and drawing a windproof net belt.
The field division method shown in fig. 1 is adopted, the field is divided into grid shapes by ditching, the depth of ditches is 5cm, the width of ditches is 25cm, the land blocks between the ditches are dug with seed pits, the distance between adjacent seed pits in each land block is 13cm, and the diameter of each seed pit is 30cm.
The plots between the furrows were used for sowing the germinated seeds in an amount of 750g per square meter (area without furrows) for 4 months and 20 days. It should be noted that if the field after soil preparation still has more weeds, the field after soil preparation is sterilized with herbicide and bactericide.
When the height of the seedlings reaches 3-4cm, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once, the foliar fertilizer is sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 0.03g/L, 10L is sprayed per mu, and the foliar fertilizer has the effects of promoting growth and preventing diseases.
150g of diammonium phosphate is scattered in each square meter of a field for seedling raising before seedling raising.
The survival rate of the seedlings in the step reaches 99%, and when the seedlings grow to be three leaves and one heart, the growth period is about 30d, and then the seedlings can be transplanted.
Before transplanting, applying base fertilizers (containing nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers) to the field after land preparation in the step 1, wherein 54 kg of nitrogen fertilizers (calculated as pure nitrogen in the fertilizers), 27 kg of phosphate fertilizers (calculated as pure phosphorus in the fertilizers), 27 kg of potassium fertilizers (calculated as pure potassium in the fertilizers) and a mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the base fertilizers to the fertilizer is 1.
The density of the rice seedlings is set to twenty thousand holes per mu.
Step 5, field management
Applying 40.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) per hectare at the tillering stage of the rice.
27 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated by pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) and 36 kilograms of potassium fertilizer (calculated by pure potassium in the fertilizer) are applied to each hectare in the booting period of the rice.
The granular fertilizer is applied in the heading stage of rice, and the formula of the granular fertilizer is as follows: 0.5g of sodium selenite and 1L of water, wherein 13L of granular fertilizer is applied per mu, and the granular fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces; and applying 13.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as pure nitrogen in the fertilizer) per hectare at the heading stage of the rice.
Step 6, harvesting
After the rice is ripe, the yield is tested and is 9210 kilograms per hectare, the crude protein content is 12.4 percent (w/w), the selenium content is 0.85 mu g/g, the rate of processing the empty hulls is 15.8 percent, and the taste quality is divided into 85 minutes.
The method of the single factor experiment 4 was repeated once, at which time the yield in the second year was 9312 kg per hectare, the crude protein content was 12.9% (w/w), the selenium content was 0.88. Mu.g/g, the rate of empty shells treated was 15.6%, and the taste quality score was 87 minutes.
The effect is stable after two-year continuous planting.
It should be noted that, when the present invention relates to numerical ranges, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected, and since the steps and methods adopted are the same as those in the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A high-quality high-yield planting method of rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
land preparation: deep ploughing and applying organic fertilizer;
pretreating seeds;
seedling raising: sowing the pretreated seeds in a seedling raising greenhouse, and transplanting seedlings when the seedlings grow to the height of three leaves and one heart;
transplanting rice seedlings: before transplanting rice seedlings, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied to the field;
field management: topdressing tillering fertilizer, spike fertilizer and granular fertilizer;
wherein the tillering fertilizer is applied at the tillering stage of rice, and the formulation of the tillering fertilizer is as follows: 2, 4-D1-2 mg and 1L of water, and spraying the foliage; and applying a nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering stage;
the spike fertilizer is applied in the rice booting stage, and the formulation of the spike fertilizer is as follows: 2-4mg of magnesium chloride and 1L of water, and spraying the magnesium chloride on leaf surfaces; and applying a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer in the tillering stage;
the granular fertilizer is applied in the heading stage of rice, and the formula of the granular fertilizer is as follows: 0.2-0.5g of sodium selenite and 1L of water, and spraying the sodium selenite and the water on leaf surfaces; applying nitrogen fertilizer in the heading stage of the rice;
harvesting: harvesting after the rice is mature.
2. The method for planting the rice according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is decomposed animal wastes.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pre-treating of the seeds comprises:
seed selection: drying the rice seeds for one day in a dry weather, removing shrunken grains, diseased grains and impurities, and selecting full and disease-free excellent seeds from the dried rice seeds;
seed soaking: placing the excellent seeds in water, wherein the cumulative soaking temperature of the rice seeds is 100 ℃;
accelerating germination: breaking the chest of the soaked seeds at 30-32 ℃, cooling to 25 ℃ for germination when more than 80% of the seeds have broken chest, cooling to 15 ℃ when the buds are 0.8-1mm long, airing the buds for 6-8h, and sowing.
4. A method for planting paddy rice with good quality and high yield as claimed in claim 3, wherein the land for raising rice seedlings after soil preparation is ditched, and the land is divided into grid shapes and land blocks between ditches by ditches.
5. The planting method of rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein the specific conditions for soaking the rice seeds are 10-20 ℃ for 5-10 days.
6. A high-quality high-yield planting method of rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the process of raising rice seedlings, when the height of seedlings reaches 3-4cm, foliar fertilizer is sprayed once, and the foliar fertilizer is sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.03 g/L.
7. A good-quality high-yield planting method for rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein said planting density is two ten thousand holes per mu.
8. The rice high-quality high-yield planting method according to claim 4, wherein the tillering fertilizer is applied at the tillering stage of rice during field management, and the formulation of the tillering fertilizer is as follows: 2,4-D1 mg and 1L of water, wherein 10-13L of tiller fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the tiller fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces; and applying 36 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare in the tillering stage of the rice.
9. The method for planting the rice according to claim 4, wherein the spike fertilizer is applied during the booting period of the rice during the field management period, and the formulation of the spike fertilizer is as follows: 2mg of magnesium chloride and 1L of water, wherein 10-13L of spike fertilizer is applied per mu, and the spike fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces; and 24 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer and 36 kilograms of potassium fertilizer are applied to each hectare in the booting period of the rice.
10. The method for planting paddy rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein during the field management period, the granular fertilizer is applied in the heading stage of the paddy rice, and the formula of the granular fertilizer is as follows: 0.5g of sodium selenite and 1L of water, wherein 10-13L of granular fertilizer is applied per mu, and the granular fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces.
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