CN106508586A - Cultivation technique for interplanting spring brassica napus in young large cherry trees - Google Patents
Cultivation technique for interplanting spring brassica napus in young large cherry trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN106508586A CN106508586A CN201611046178.5A CN201611046178A CN106508586A CN 106508586 A CN106508586 A CN 106508586A CN 201611046178 A CN201611046178 A CN 201611046178A CN 106508586 A CN106508586 A CN 106508586A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation technique for interplanting spring brassica napus in young large cherry trees. Three-dimensional temperature-light interplanting is achieved by fully utilizing the land space, light, temperature, water and fertilizer resources of a young large cherry orchard, utilizing the growth period temperature-light requirement difference between the brassica napus and the cherry trees and utilizing the characteristics that the brassica napus grows fast in the early period, the cherry trees grow fast in the later period, the brassica napus enters a three-dimensional space meta-position of the ripen period and the harvest period, and the brassica napus and the large cherry trees do not compete for light and temperature. A positive effect can be generated for agricultural structure regulation and development mode changing of the broad northern region in China, so that planting industry structure regulation of the northeast region in China is more reasonable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for interplanting Opius dimidiatus Ashmead in Northeast China young age large cherry fruit tree, belongs to agricultural
Growing and cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Large cherry is delicious, nutritious because of which, it has also become a kind of high-grade fruit, enters the fast-developing phase in China,
Planting treelet area progressively expands.Earsh from be colonized it is latter as take 3~4 years and can just yield positive results, during this period, big cherry
Peach individuality is less than normal, and density is dilute, and land utilization ratio is low, and weed growth is fast, wastes substantial amounts of temperature light resources and land resource, and
Management cost is high, and orchard worker will undertake larger financial burden, be unfavorable for the raising of orchard worker's income level.Therefore find the big cherry of young age
The interplanting culture technique of peach and other crops seems more and more important.
, in addition to economic worth, its florescence is longer for Opius dimidiatus Ashmead, and golden yellow rape flower also has ornamental value, into
To attract one of optimal green resource gone sightseeing, and good nectariferous plant.Spring rape is planted in northern area, with fertility
The fast growth and development characteristicses of process, sow in spring only 90~110 days or so breeding time, but in Northeast China seldom early spring sowing spring oil
Dish.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, develop a kind of high and high financial profit the young age large cherry of resource utilization and interplant spring rape
Cultural method be very necessary.The present invention interplants some agronomic conditions skills that spring rape is carried out mainly in conjunction with large cherry
Spring rape both can have been introduced a fine variety and be generalized to northeast, realized the interplanting of large cherry again by art.Wild cabbage is interplanted using young age large cherry tree
The method of type spring rape, can not only make full use of land resource, contain the weed growth in large cherry garden, improve soil results and refer to
Number, can also make full use of light temperature resource, increase income, improve the economic benefit of orchard worker.
Present invention aim at providing one kind can make full use of luminous energy, the large cherry tree interplanting for improving land utilization ratio is sweet
Blue type spring rape technology, and popularization and application aborning, rock mechanism production pattern promote eco-tour, increase orchard worker Jing
Ji benefit.
Specifically, described young age large cherry interplants the cultivation technique of Opius dimidiatus Ashmead, and which includes following implementation steps:
1. site preparation and fertilising
Field planting 1~3 year is selected, seeding row spacing is (2~3) rice × (4~5) rice, and preferred seeding row spacing is 2.5 meters × 4 meters, per mu
44~83, the young age cherry orchard of preferably per mu 67 was managed with reference to the autumn and winter of cherry orchard, was combined in the fall before cherry fallen leaves
Shallow plowing site preparation is simultaneously applied fertilizer;A water is filled after fertilising, wet moisture in the soil is survived the winter;
March in next year early and middle ten dayses site preparation is shallow to turn over soil moisture conservation, and applies fertilizer, and waits to broadcast;
2. spring sowing rape seed is processed
Rape seed is first basked seeds 2~3 days before sowing in spring, then is dressed seed with 3% rape tailored version Furadan seed coat agent;
Sow when 3. robbing
In March early and middle ten dayses, mean temperature is stable at 2~3 DEG C, and daytime food taken late at night freezes, and earth's surface thaws 5~7 centimeters, you can implementation is broadcast
Kind;Shallow ridges drilling is opened, 2~4cm of depth of planting, the line-spacing of 20~30cm, cherry tree in the ranks broadcast 8~10 row rapes altogether;During sowing
Seed is pressed into volume 1 with fine sand:10~15 ratio mixes sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting 0.2kg;First suppress after broadcasting, then cover white saturating
Bright plastic film;
4. seedling, thinning and final singling are put
Rape seed can be emerged after sowing 5~7d, put seedling in time.
Seedlings strong sprout is stayed in thinning during 2~3 true leaves, a seedling;Between close stand, stay even seedling;Weak seedling, sick seedling and hybrid strain are pulled out,
Specification final singling is pressed during 4~5 true leaves, in combination with filling the gaps with seedlings, per mu is kept a full stand of seedings 1.50~2.50 ten thousand plants;
5. strengthen water and fertilizer management
Soil moisture content is kept 70~80% or so;One is at least poured water respectively in elongation, florescence and Rape pod development phase
It is secondary;Each Fertigation:
Elongation applies fertilizer:Mu applies urea 5kg~7.5kg, potassium chloride 5kg~7.5kg, calcium superphosphate 1.5kg~2kg;
Florescence applies fertilizer:Mu 1.5~2kg of 1~1.5kg of application of phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen and urea;
The Rape pod development phase applies fertilizer:Mu applies 1~1.5kg of 0.5~0.75kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea;
Sprayed boric fertilizer:Blade face is sprayed on 0.1~0.2% concentration in seedling stage, BOITING STAGE respectively with borax or boric acid;
6. harvest in good time, dry threshing, used plastic collection and straw-returning
For cultivation technique mentioned above, wherein:The 1. described fertilising of step, is based on the person poultry muck become thoroughly decomposed
Farmers''s base manure, mixes a small amount of urea.
For cultivation technique mentioned above, wherein:Apply fertilizer before the 1. described fallen leaves of cherry in the fall of step and be:Per mu is applied
Farmers' 3000~5000kg of base manure, 10~15kg of urea.
For cultivation technique mentioned above, wherein:The fertilising of 1. described March in the next year early and middle ten dayses of step is:Per mu is applied
Farmers' 1500~3000kg of base manure, 10~15kg of urea.
For cultivation technique mentioned above, wherein:5. the step also includes the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, specific as follows:
When full Tian Jun has aphid to occur, with 800 times of Rogor medicaments, 40% mieyaling missible oil, 2 000 times of liquid or 1000
24.5% green dimension worm mite reagent spray preventing and treating again, it is when there is cabbage caterpillar to occur, anti-with 20% deinsectization missible oil, 2 000 times of liquid sprayings
Control.
For cultivation technique mentioned above, wherein:The step in good time results 6., dry threshing, specific as follows:
When rape Fruit pod has 70~80% to see Huang or when top particles enter milk stage, in the morning or shady and cool weather is carried out
The high stubble harvesting of branch, drying through 3~4 days carries out threshing, the removal of impurity and drying in time, treats that seed moisture content is down to less than 8~9%
When Gui Cang again.
Beneficial effect:
Yield height is stablized by the present invention, and yield potential is larger, and the good Opius dimidiatus Ashmead of cold resistance is introduced a fine variety and is generalized to east
North, realizes that cole crop is promoted in the large-area interplanting of northern area, raises the multiple-cropping index, increase the economic effect of unit area
Benefit, while China can effectively be alleviated because of the deficient caused grain and oil cooperative development contradiction in arable land and a large amount of dependence on import of edible vegetable oil
Situation.
Not affect large cherry young age Growth status as principle, make full use of the soil space of young age cherry orchard, light, temperature,
Water and fertile resource.Difference is needed using spring rape and cherry tree growth period temperature light, early stage growth of rape is fast, and the growth of later stage cherry
Hurry up, rape enters the solid space meta of ripe and harvest time, do not win honour between oil tree temperature etc., realizes the Stereoscopic intercropping and interplanting of Wen Guang,
Make full use of the effective accumulated temperature and light of solar energy.
Early spring plants spring rape, has soil moisture conservation to cherry tree, improves the miniclimate of cherry early spring growth, promotes root system life
It is long, contain weed growth, promote the growth of large cherry, be conducive to the development of cherry industry, with huge ecological benefits.
The broken branches and fallen leaves and straw mulching and returning that rape is produced in growth course, by organic matter give back soil increased it is foster
Point, soil texture is improved, promotes the growth of rhizosphere microbial, played soil moisture conservation insulation again, can also reduce the weeds of cherry orchard.
The rape florescence of the spring sowing Opius dimidiatus Ashmead of present invention interplanting has more than one month, using rape flower as tourism money
The project developed by source is still in state to be developed in northeast, with Development of Ecotourism, will be to the vast northern area of China
Agricultural restructuring and development pattern transformation produce actively impact, make China's the Northeast's Planter industry structure adjustment more reasonable.
Specific embodiment
Following non-limiting examples can make one of ordinary skill in the art be more fully understood the present invention, but not with
Any mode limits the present invention.Any those familiar with the art in the technical scope of present disclosure, according to
Technical scheme and its inventive concept carry out equivalent or change belongs to protection category of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1st, site preparation and apply fertilizer to the subsoil
Field planting 1~3 year is selected, seeding row spacing is about 2.5 meters × 4 meters, the young age large cherry garden of 67 per mu or so, with reference to
The autumn and winter management of cherry orchard, before cherry fallen leaves, (9~October) combines (25 cm) site preparation of ploughing shallowly in the fall, imposes and becomes thoroughly decomposed
Person poultry muck based on farmers''s base manure, mix a small amount of urea nitrogenous fertilizer, typically per mu is applied 3000~5000kg of farm manure, urea 10
~15kg.A water is filled after fertilising, wet moisture in the soil is survived the winter.
Spring in next year (March early and middle ten dayses) site preparation is shallow to turn over soil moisture conservation, and per mu of 1500~3000kg of basal dressing fertilizer again, urea
10~15kg, makes soil reach loose, broken, smooth state to be broadcast.
2nd, spring sowing rape seed is processed
From suitable this area plantation, proper height, high-quality double low Wild cabbage type spring that anti-fall, yielding ability is strong, oil content is high
Rape variety.2~3 days are first basked seeds before broadcasting to strengthen enzymatic activity in seed, then is entered with 3% rape tailored version Furadan seed coat agent
Row seed is dressed seed, and prevents and treats seedling stage diseases and pests.
Sow when the 3rd, robbing
About in March early and middle ten dayses, mean temperature is stable, and at 2~3 DEG C, daytime food taken late at night freezes, earth's surface thaw 5~7 centimeters can reality
Row sowing.Shallow ridges drilling is opened, 2~4cm of depth of planting, 20~30 line-spacing, tree in the ranks broadcast 8~10 row rapes altogether, it is ensured that under
Seed is uniform, and the sowing depth is consistent.Seed is pressed into volume 1 with fine sand during sowing:10~15 ratio mixes sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting
0.2kg。
First suppress after broadcasting, then cover white clear plastic film, reach moisturizing, heat and suppress weed growth etc. to act on.
4th, seedling, thinning and final singling are put
After planting 5~7d can be emerged, and organize a labor force in time and put seedling, it is ensured that emerge.
Seedlings strong sprout is stayed in the thinning in 2~3 true leaves, a seedling;Between close stand, stay even seedling, pull out weak seedling, sick seedling and miscellaneous
Strain.
Specification final singling is pressed in 4~5 true leaves, in combination with filling the gaps with seedlings, per mu is kept a full stand of seedings 1.50~2.50 ten thousand plants.
5th, strengthen water and fertilizer management
Large cherry tree is very sensitive to moisture, is the fruit tree that a kind of happiness water is afraid of flood again, and taking into account rape with reference to large cherry tree is carried out
Water and fertilizer management, rape should do well to irrigate depending on soil moisture content timely and appropriate discovery, keep soil moisture content 70~80% or so.Emphasis exists
Elongation, florescence and Rape pod development phase respectively need to pour water once, promote growth of rape, improve vegetable seed mass of 1000 kernel and oil content.
Each Fertigation, emphasis will carry out flower bud tongue fertilizer and fertilizers for potted flowers, and flower bud tongue fertilizer typically constitutes from topdressing the 30~40% of total amount;
Come into bloom and add fertilizers for potted flowers, number of blooming and bear pods can be increased, the measure of foliage application, timely Replacement Battalion are taken before the whole florescence
Support, the functional period of the green parts such as silique skin and a kind of sedge stem can be extended, the need of full seed so as to strengthen photosynthesis, are met
Will, improve mass of 1000 kernel.Generally, elongation fertilising:Mu applies urea 5kg~7.5kg, potassium chloride 5kg~7.5kg, crosses phosphorus
Sour calcium 1.5kg~2kg;Florescence applies fertilizer:Every mu of 1~1.5kg of application of phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen and 1.5~2kg of urea;The Rape pod development phase
Fertilising:Per mu is applied 1~1.5kg of 0.5~0.75kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea;
Sprayed boric fertilizer, is sprayed on blade face with 0.1~0.2% concentration in seedling stage, BOITING STAGE respectively with borax or boric acid, can mitigate
Rape flower and it is unreal, improve mass of 1000 kernel, increase yield.
6th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The general disease of spring rape is relatively light, and insect pest is serious, answers keypoint control aphid and cabbage caterpillar, when full Tian Jun has aphid
During generation, chemical control will be carried out immediately, with 800 times of Rogor medicaments, 40% mieyaling missible oil, 2 000 times of liquid or 1000 times
24.5% green dimension worm mite reagent spray preventing and treating, cabbage caterpillar 20% deinsectization missible oil, 2 000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings.
7th, harvest in good time, do well to dry threshing.
When rape Fruit pod has 70~80% to see Huang or when top particles enter milk stage, select morning or shady and cool weather and
When branch high stubble harvesting, drying through 3~4 days carries out threshing, the removal of impurity and drying in time, treat seed moisture content be down to 8~9% with
Gui Cang again when lower.Cherry interplants Opius dimidiatus Ashmead average yield per mu up to 160kg, highest per mu yield 220kg, 3 grams or so of mass of 1000 kernel,
It is suitable with the yield of conventional production.
8th, used plastic collection and straw-returning
After rape harvesting, residual film is asked in artificial field of removing in time, and transports cherry orchard, it is to avoid mulch film residual contamination.
The high stubble stalk of rape is managed with reference to cherry orchard, is turned over by plough or the machinery such as rotary cultivator is turned over also field, after harvest-seed extraction
Rape stalk be bedded in the ranks.Both soil is given back by organic matter and increased soil nutrient, played soil moisture conservation again and heat, can also reduce
Weeds of cherry orchard etc..
Claims (6)
1. a kind of young age large cherry interplants the cultivation technique of Opius dimidiatus Ashmead, it is characterised in that:Including following implementation steps:
1. site preparation and fertilising
Select field planting 1~3 year, seeding row spacing be (2~3) rice × (4~5) rice, the young age cherry orchard of 44~83 per mu, in the fall
Shallow plowing site preparation is combined before cherry fallen leaves and is applied fertilizer;A water is filled after fertilising, wet moisture in the soil is survived the winter;
March in next year early and middle ten dayses site preparation is shallow to turn over soil moisture conservation, and applies fertilizer, and waits to broadcast;
2. spring sowing rape seed is processed
Rape seed is first basked seeds 2~3 days before sowing in spring, then is dressed seed with 3% rape tailored version Furadan seed coat agent;
Sow when 3. robbing
In March early and middle ten dayses, mean temperature is stable at 2~3 DEG C, and daytime food taken late at night freezes, and earth's surface thaws 5~7 centimeters, you can carry out sowing;
Shallow ridges drilling is opened, 2~4cm of depth of planting, the line-spacing of 20~30cm, cherry tree in the ranks broadcast 8~10 row rapes altogether;To plant during sowing
Son presses volume 1 with fine sand:10~15 ratio mixes sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting 0.2kg;First suppress after broadcasting, then cover white clear modeling
Material mulch film;
4. seedling, thinning and final singling are put
Rape seed after planting can emerge by 5~7d, put seedling in time,
Seedlings strong sprout is stayed in thinning during 2~3 true leaves, a seedling;Between close stand, stay even seedling, pull out weak seedling, sick seedling and hybrid strain;
Specification final singling is pressed during 4~5 true leaves, in combination with filling the gaps with seedlings, per mu is kept a full stand of seedings 1.50~2.50 ten thousand plants;
5. strengthen water and fertilizer management
Soil moisture content is kept 70~80% or so;Respectively at least pour water once in elongation, florescence and Rape pod development phase;Often
Secondary Fertigation:
Elongation applies fertilizer:Mu applies 5~7.5kg of urea, 5~7.5kg of potassium chloride, 1.5~2kg of calcium superphosphate;
Florescence applies fertilizer:Mu 1.5~2kg of 1~1.5kg of application of phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen and urea;
The Rape pod development phase applies fertilizer:Mu applies 1~1.5kg of 0.5~0.75kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea;
Sprayed boric fertilizer:Blade face is sprayed on 0.1~0.2% concentration in seedling stage, BOITING STAGE respectively with borax or boric acid;
6. harvest in good time, dry threshing, used plastic collection and straw-returning.
2. young age large cherry according to claim 1 interplants the cultivation technique of Opius dimidiatus Ashmead, it is characterised in that:Step
1. described fertilising, is the farmers''s base manure based on the person poultry muck become thoroughly decomposed, mixes a small amount of urea.
3. young age large cherry according to claim 1 interplants the cultivation technique of Opius dimidiatus Ashmead, it is characterised in that:Step
1. apply fertilizer before the described fallen leaves of cherry in the fall and be:Per Mu Shi farmers' 3000~5000kg of base manure, 10~15kg of urea.
4. young age large cherry according to claim 1 interplants the cultivation technique of Opius dimidiatus Ashmead, it is characterised in that:Step
The fertilising of 1. described March in next year early and middle ten dayses is:Per Mu Shi farmers' 1500~3000kg of base manure, 10~15kg of urea.
5. young age large cherry according to claim 1 interplants the cultivation technique of Opius dimidiatus Ashmead, it is characterised in that:It is described
5. step also includes the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, specific as follows:
When full Tian Jun has aphid to occur, with 800 times of Rogor medicaments, 40% mieyaling missible oil, 2 000 times of liquid or 1000 times
24.5% green dimension worm mite reagent spray preventing and treating, it is when there is cabbage caterpillar to occur, anti-with 20% deinsectization missible oil, 2 000 times of liquid sprayings
Control.
6. young age large cherry according to claim 1 interplants the cultivation technique of Opius dimidiatus Ashmead, it is characterised in that:It is described
Step in good time results 6., dry threshing, specific as follows:
When rape Fruit pod has 70~80% to see Huang or when top particles enter milk stage, in the morning or shady and cool weather carries out branch
High stubble harvesting, drying through 3~4 days carries out threshing, the removal of impurity and drying in time, when seed moisture content is down to below 8~9% again
Gui Cang.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107409930A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-01 | 界首市家丰家庭农场 | The cultural method of interplanting Hangzhou chili in a kind of cherry orchard |
CN109392624A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-01 | 青海省农林科学院 | A kind of early stage identification method of juncea multicell rape |
CN109429940A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-08 | 青海省农林科学院 | A kind of dry farming Opius dimidiatus Ashmead mechanization mulch bunch planting cultural method |
CN112075303A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-15 | 潘典进 | Planting method of summer rape bolts |
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CN104429759A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-03-25 | 和县朱韩种植家庭农场 | River-side large cherry planting method |
CN104871899A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-02 | 杨定海 | Large-cherry cultivation and management method |
US20150334927A1 (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2015-11-26 | Ezekiel Golan | Plant with differential altitude and distributed root system, elevating facade including a plant with distributed root system and methods of producing the plant and facade |
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US20150334927A1 (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2015-11-26 | Ezekiel Golan | Plant with differential altitude and distributed root system, elevating facade including a plant with distributed root system and methods of producing the plant and facade |
CN103947395A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2014-07-30 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Cultivation method for interplanting mustard type spring rape and flax |
CN104429759A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-03-25 | 和县朱韩种植家庭农场 | River-side large cherry planting method |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107409930A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-01 | 界首市家丰家庭农场 | The cultural method of interplanting Hangzhou chili in a kind of cherry orchard |
CN109429940A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-08 | 青海省农林科学院 | A kind of dry farming Opius dimidiatus Ashmead mechanization mulch bunch planting cultural method |
CN109392624A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-01 | 青海省农林科学院 | A kind of early stage identification method of juncea multicell rape |
CN112075303A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-15 | 潘典进 | Planting method of summer rape bolts |
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