CN104871899A - Large-cherry cultivation and management method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-cherry cultivation and management method and belongs to the field of fruit tree planting. The method comprises the steps of scientific transplanting, soil fertilizer and water management and trimming; according to scientific transplanting, sandy soil which is on the lee side, is exposed to the sun, and is good in breathability and high in water retaining capacity is selected, wherein the terrain position of the sandy soil is high, the sandy soil is fertile, and the soil layer of the sandy soil is thick; dwarf close planting is adopted, and the distance between plants is 3 m*4 m or 2.5 m*5 m; in the transplanting process, proper deep planting is adopted, original root crowns are made to be lower than the ground by 14-16 cm, while shallow burying should be adopted in the soil burying process, as hoeing is carried out each time, soil burying is carried out step by step, and buried soil is flush with the ground before the rainy season arrives in July. Fruit trees are treated differently during the primary fruit period and the full bearing period, and managed scientifically, fertilizer is added to make the fruit trees sturdy and resistant to diseases, fruit is juicy and full in appearance, and the yield is high.

Description

A kind of large cherry cultivation management method

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of fruit tree cultivation, especially a kind of large cherry cultivation management method.

Background technology

Cherry is a kind of arbor fruit gone on the market the earliest, is known as " all kinds of fruits first ".People appreciate cherry, are that its color is gorgeous, taste is sweet and refreshing, nutritious.It is carbohydrate containing, protein both, also containing calcium, phosphorus, iron and multivitamin.Especially the content of iron, every hectogram is up to 6 to 8 milligrams, be positioned at first of various fruit, higher 20 to 30 times than apple, orange, pears, the content of vitamin A is higher 4 to 5 times than apple, orange, grape, and normal food cherry can demand to ferro element in added body, promote hemoglobin regeneration, both can prevent and treat hypoferric anemia, can build up health again, brain tonic and intelligence development.

Cherry is called as treasure in fruit, and have early ripe, mouthfeel is good, storage tolerance, and the commodity price time is long, and market price advantages of higher belongs to high-grade fruit.But large cherry resistance is poor, climate condition limits, and present stage management method immature, cause disease calamity, the underproduction, problem that fruit quality is low.

Summary of the invention

Goal of the invention of the present invention is: for above-mentioned Problems existing, provides a kind of large cherry cultivation management method to fruit tree from just fruit a series of management in phase to the full bearing period, such that fruit tree is sturdy, fruit high yield.

The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:

A kind of large cherry cultivation management method, comprises the following steps: science is planted, clay fertilizer water management and pruning;

Large cherry belongs to warm, the frigolabile seeds of happiness, is afraid of drought, is afraid of flood, avoids strong wind, be suitable for the microclimate regional culture of average temperature of the whole year 10-15 DEG C.

Described science plant for select leeward on the sunny side, landform positions is high, soil is more fertile, soil layer is deep, good permeability, water holding capacity are strong sandy loam, adopt Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing, seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m or 2.5m × 5m; Suitably deeply plant when planting, make original collar lower than ground 14-16cm, but answer shallow embedding when burying soil, along with hoing the fields at every turn, progressively bury soil, before arriving to rainy season in July, bury soil and flush with ground.

Stock part can be made like this to take root, expand absorption area, strengthen tree body lodging tolerance.Attention: once can not bury soil too much, otherwise root system respiration is difficult, affects Growth status.

Described clay fertilizer water management comprises the following steps:

(1) before germinateing spring, every strain applies the urea of 0.5-1.0kg;

1-2 years after sapling field planting, should diligently apply fertilizer water, impels tree body to grow fast.Many organic fertilizers after entering high yield period, Shaoshi chemical fertilizer.

(2) during fruit growth, the amino acid calcium of 2-3 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 200 times is sprayed every year, to increase the hardness of fruit and fruit mercolized wax matter;

(3) ripe first 15-20 days is fruit expanding period, imposes pure potassium sulfate 0.5-1.5kg/ strain, in conjunction with watering, promotes Fruit;

(4) annual 9 below the moon, early October, use sufficient annual fertilizer, based on fertilizer, 50-70kg is executed in every strain, admixes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 1-2kg.

Preferably, described in be trimmed to fruit tree First Year and stay 80-100cm surely to do, fixed dry after from ground above 60cm bud at quarter, first bud southeastward direction, the second bud southwester, the 3rd bud northwestwards, with this upwards spiral; Little hacksaw above the bud chosen 0.5 centimeters gently crosscut once, (must guard against length is that 1/3rd of dry girth is advisable deeply to reach xylem.Under fixed dry clip, 1-4 bud can not be carved.

Fruit tree Second Year: spring looks for the light cutting back in full bud place on central authorities leader is dry, then equally with last year carves bud; All branches bottom being meant to do to major branch stay the heavy cutting back of 15-20cm, inspire branch; All branches are evened up by August in autumn;

Fruit tree the 3rd year: spring all carves bud to paniculate two lateral buds, inspires little fruit spur; Summer stays the continuous pinching of 15-20cm to the young sprout that bough back bud is sprouted; Autumn evens up all branches.

In sum, owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: treat with a certain discrimination in first fruit phase of fruit tree and the full bearing period, in addition scientific management is added fertilizer and is made the sturdy resistance to disease of fruit tree, and fruit tree succulence form is full, output is high.

Embodiment

All features disclosed in this specification, or the step in disclosed all methods or process, except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can combine by any way.Arbitrary feature disclosed in this specification (comprising any accessory claim, summary), unless specifically stated otherwise, all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar object.That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is an example in a series of equivalence or similar characteristics.

Embodiment 1

A kind of large cherry cultivation management method, comprises the following steps: science is planted, clay fertilizer water management and pruning;

Described science plant for select leeward on the sunny side, landform positions is high, soil is more fertile, soil layer is deep, good permeability, water holding capacity are strong sandy loam, adopt Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing, seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m; Suitably deeply plant when planting, make original collar lower than ground 14cm, but answer shallow embedding when burying soil, along with hoing the fields at every turn, progressively bury soil, before arriving to rainy season in July, bury soil and flush with ground;

Described clay fertilizer water management comprises the following steps:

(1) before germinateing spring, every strain applies the urea of 0.5kg;

(2) during fruit growth, 2 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphates are sprayed every year, to increase the hardness of fruit and fruit mercolized wax matter;

(3) ripe first 15-20 days is fruit expanding period, imposes pure potassium sulfate 0.5kg/ strain, in conjunction with watering, promotes Fruit;

(4) annual 9 below the moon, early October, use sufficient annual fertilizer, based on fertilizer, 50kg is executed in every strain, admixes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 1kg.

Preferably, described in be trimmed to fruit tree First Year and stay 80cm surely to do, fixed dry after from ground above 60cm bud at quarter, first bud southeastward direction, the second bud southwester, the 3rd bud northwestwards, with this upwards spiral;

Fruit tree Second Year: spring looks for the light cutting back in full bud place on central authorities leader is dry, then equally with last year carves bud; All branches bottom being meant to do to major branch stay the heavy cutting back of 15cm, inspire branch; All branches are evened up by August in autumn;

Fruit tree the 3rd year: spring all carves bud to paniculate two lateral buds, inspires little fruit spur; Summer stays the continuous pinching of 15cm to the young sprout that bough back bud is sprouted; Autumn evens up all branches.

Embodiment 2

A kind of large cherry cultivation management method, comprises the following steps: science is planted, clay fertilizer water management and pruning;

Described science plant for select leeward on the sunny side, landform positions is high, soil is more fertile, soil layer is deep, good permeability, water holding capacity are strong sandy loam, adopt Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing, seeding row spacing is 2.5m × 5m; Suitably deeply plant when planting, make original collar lower than ground 16cm, but answer shallow embedding when burying soil, along with hoing the fields at every turn, progressively bury soil, before arriving to rainy season in July, bury soil and flush with ground;

Described clay fertilizer water management comprises the following steps:

(1) before germinateing spring, every strain applies the urea of 1.0kg;

(2) the annual amino acid calcium spraying 200 times during fruit growth, to increase the hardness of fruit and fruit mercolized wax matter;

(3) ripe first 15-20 days is fruit expanding period, imposes pure potassium sulfate 1.5kg/ strain, in conjunction with watering, promotes Fruit;

(4) annual 9 below the moon, early October, use sufficient annual fertilizer, based on fertilizer, 70kg is executed in every strain, admixes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 2kg.

Preferably, described in be trimmed to fruit tree First Year and stay 100cm surely to do, fixed dry after from ground above 60cm bud at quarter, first bud southeastward direction, the second bud southwester, the 3rd bud northwestwards, with this upwards spiral;

Fruit tree Second Year: spring looks for the light cutting back in full bud place on central authorities leader is dry, then equally with last year carves bud; All branches bottom being meant to do to major branch stay the heavy cutting back of 20cm, inspire branch; All branches are evened up by August in autumn;

Fruit tree the 3rd year: spring all carves bud to paniculate two lateral buds, inspires little fruit spur; Summer stays the continuous pinching of 20cm to the young sprout that bough back bud is sprouted; Autumn evens up all branches.

Embodiment 3

A kind of large cherry cultivation management method, comprises the following steps: science is planted, clay fertilizer water management and pruning;

Described science plant for select leeward on the sunny side, landform positions is high, soil is more fertile, soil layer is deep, good permeability, water holding capacity are strong sandy loam, adopt Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing, seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m; Suitably deeply plant when planting, make original collar lower than ground 15cm, but answer shallow embedding when burying soil, along with hoing the fields at every turn, progressively bury soil, before arriving to rainy season in July, bury soil and flush with ground;

Described clay fertilizer water management comprises the following steps:

(1) before germinateing spring, every strain applies the urea of 0.8kg;

(2) during fruit growth, 3 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphates are sprayed every year, to increase the hardness of fruit and fruit mercolized wax matter;

(3) ripe first 15-20 days is fruit expanding period, imposes pure potassium sulfate 1.0kg/ strain, in conjunction with watering, promotes Fruit;

(4) annual 9 below the moon, early October, use sufficient annual fertilizer, based on fertilizer, 60kg is executed in every strain, admixes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 1kg.

Preferably, described in be trimmed to fruit tree First Year and stay 90cm surely to do, fixed dry after from ground above 60cm bud at quarter, first bud southeastward direction, the second bud southwester, the 3rd bud northwestwards, with this upwards spiral;

Fruit tree Second Year: spring looks for the light cutting back in full bud place on central authorities leader is dry, then equally with last year carves bud; All branches bottom being meant to do to major branch stay the heavy cutting back of 18cm, inspire branch; All branches are evened up by August in autumn;

Fruit tree the 3rd year: spring all carves bud to paniculate two lateral buds, inspires little fruit spur; Summer stays the continuous pinching of 18cm to the young sprout that bough back bud is sprouted; Autumn evens up all large branches.

This kind of method, the most outstanding advantage is that shoot root portion does not have carninomatosis, and growing way is consistent.Plant tree growing way good, result early, is planted and is bloomed for latter 2 years, 3 annual bearings.After the raw bearing-age tree of 6-7 is transplanted, tree vigo(u)r recovers very fast, and output is also high.

Comparative example 1

After adopting conventional plastic nutritive cube dress well-rotted farmyard manure and ground surface soil to sieve, the matrix of mixture is sowed, and it is neat that seedling goes out, and long is good.Pour seedling when field transplanting, some matrix is broken loose, and root system damages, and the survival rate of seedling is affected.After particularly the raw bearing-age tree of 6-7 is transplanted, tree vigo(u)r recovers slow, and survival rate is low, and output is also lower.

Comparative example 2

Live in nursery after adopting prior seed lamination to germinate, implement covering film, the measure of sprinkling irrigation, but seedling go out also uneven, close close, rare rare.Wherein have the good of community strain more than 20,000 rootstock seedling length, height of seedling reaches 80-130cm.Seedling looks also slow, and after particularly the raw bearing-age tree of 6-7 is transplanted, tree vigo(u)r recovers slow, and survival rate is low, and output is also lower.

From above test: the present invention adopts the initial period of flowering in fruit trees and the standardized administration in the full bearing period, and the seedling bred, Miao Qi, Miao Zhuan, growing way is good, does not need to water at field transplanting, survival rate more than 95%.And save manually water, loosen the soil, the expense such as weeding is low.

The present invention is not limited to aforesaid embodiment.The present invention expands to any new feature of disclosing in this manual or any combination newly, and the step of the arbitrary new method disclosed or process or any combination newly.

Claims (2)

1. a large cherry cultivation management method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: science is planted, clay fertilizer water management and pruning;

Described science plant for select leeward on the sunny side, landform positions is high, soil is more fertile, soil layer is deep, good permeability, water holding capacity are strong sandy loam, adopt Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing, seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m or 2.5m × 5m; Suitably deeply plant when planting, make original collar lower than ground 14-16cm, but answer shallow embedding when burying soil, along with hoing the fields at every turn, progressively bury soil, before arriving to rainy season in July, bury soil and flush with ground;

Described clay fertilizer water management comprises the following steps:

(1) before germinateing spring, every strain applies the urea of 0.5-1.0kg;

(2) during fruit growth, the amino acid calcium of 2-3 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 200 times is sprayed every year, to increase the hardness of fruit and fruit mercolized wax matter;

(3) ripe first 15-20 days is fruit expanding period, imposes pure potassium sulfate 0.5-1.5kg/ strain, in conjunction with watering, promotes Fruit;

(4) annual 9 below the moon, early October, use sufficient annual fertilizer, based on fertilizer, 50-70kg is executed in every strain, admixes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 1-2kg.

2. a kind of large cherry cultivation management method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in be trimmed to fruit tree First Year and stay 80-100cm surely to do, after calmly doing, from ground, above 60cm carves bud, first bud southeastward direction, second bud southwester, 3rd bud northwestwards, with this upwards spiral;

Fruit tree Second Year: spring looks for the light cutting back in full bud place on central authorities leader is dry, then equally with last year carves bud; All branches bottom being meant to do to major branch stay the heavy cutting back of 15-20cm, inspire branch; All branches are evened up by August in autumn;

Fruit tree the 3rd year: spring all carves bud to paniculate two lateral buds, inspires little fruit spur; Summer stays the continuous pinching of 15-20cm to the young sprout that bough back bud is sprouted; Autumn evens up all branches.