CN101204130A - Rapid method for developing different camellia varieties in the same tree - Google Patents
Rapid method for developing different camellia varieties in the same tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapid developing multi-variety camellia on a tree, which belongs to a method for grafting trees in horticulture. The method comprises the processes: (1) technique of selecting variety of rootstock and scion; (2) technique of transplanting rootstock; (3) technique of grafting the scion; (4) managing technique after transplanting and grafting. The method for rapid developing multi-variety camellia on a tree of the invention has the advantages that grafting can be carries out at all seasons; varieties of the rootstock and the scion are not limited with a high survival rate and quick growth; flower blossoms out in current year; the survival multi-variety camellia has strong adaptive capacity and can grow and blossom in a temperature of -6 to 35 DEG C. By adopting the invention, gene of the camellia can be promoted to change, which makes the camellia grow developed fibrous root but not earth root and have little sideway root; the camellia only blossoms red and white flowers can be changed in a short period into an unique tree which can blossom tens of varieties of flowers, which achieves an effect of beautifying environment and is used for an occasion that the camellia is regarded as ornamental trees. The invention is a gardening technique with a strong artistry.
Description
Affiliated field
The invention belongs to grafting and the cultivation method of trees in the gardening, particularly, belong to the method for grafting multi-breed camellia on tea tree.
Technical background
Camellia (Camellia japonica) is the Theaceae arbor, blooms in the Winter-Spring, spends large-scalely, and common is large red.Kind is a lot of in the gardening, and existing single-lobe has polyphyll again, and pattern is red to differ in vain.Current method of all mainly planting with cuttage is both at home and abroad produced camellia, and propagation by grafiting seldom.For the high-grade camellia kind that the minority cuttage is not lived, cloudlike Nanjing University's reason tea, Zhang Jiacha, purple robe, Kowloon large meatball, boy's face etc., also the someone adopts the grafting breeding, but survival rate is undesirable; Add that the stock culture period is long, also need long-term cultivation after the grafting, generally, a strain camellia is cultivated and was successfully needed for 7～8 years from cultivating stock and grafting, takes 3 years at the soonest.Traditional camellia grafting is to be abutted against, patent application CN200510023485.7 number " camellia tree quick-forming engrafting technique " is exactly the typical case of this method, though this method can the grafting survival camellia, but need utilize potted plant little tree as scion, therefore can only carry out on a small quantity, generally can only the grafting single variety.If wish the grafting multi-breed camellia, need the above giant tea tree of tree-walk 90cm, but this tea tree needs just can grow up to for many years.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of fast-developing many kinds of tree camellia, cultivate many kinds camellia in a short time with good ornamental value, and make its transplant survival, open camellia, the living environment of beautifying people with individual style and strange U.S..
To achieve these goals, the inventor is through reaching research and the practice in 25 years, through thousands of times failure and successes, finds out the complete a plurality of and even dozens of kind and can survive, leave the gardening method of multiple camellia by grafting in a short time of a cover finally.
The method of fast development one many kinds of tree camellia that the inventor provides may further comprise the steps: kind, stock transplanting, grafting scion, transplanting and the managing after grafting of selecting stock and scion.
(1) kind of selection stock and scion
The tea tree of choosing tree-walk 9cm is as stock, and tea tree should be tree-like grace, robust growth, no scar, no treehole; According to the design of carrying out in advance, 6～10 of tea trees choosing healthy growth to be to raise variety as scion, wherein with the camellia of famous and precious kind for well.
(2) stock is transplanted
The stock transplanting comprises digs tree, transports and plants 3 links.
Dig tree: adopt the method for not transplanting with mud ball, specific practice is when digging tree, and it is disconnected from 10cm downwards to sit the ground root, and the wooden fork root cuts off from 20cm, stays root according to the size of tree; After tree is dug out, thoroughly clear up and shaping from the root to the trunk, the edge of a knife is neatly smooth; Smear all otch and the scar of cutting, sawing, treehole with the aqueous solution of 1g/800mL indolebutyric acid afterwards, use " the logical wound of Hua Li is coated with tonic " thoroughly sealing again, in case these position dehydrations; Plant carrying hanging breaking place is sealed too.
Transportation: before the entrucking in the compartment around and case heelpiece 10cm straw or wheat straw, when getting on the bus with " nuclear energy element " by specification ratio convert water thoroughly spray set once entirely; Trunk and tree root are to taking during entrucking; Adorn appropriate back trunk upper cover 20cm straw or wheat straw, then water from top to bottom, grass and tree are irrigated; Dried as finding grass in transit, must in time water; Tea tree is put into cut-and-dried pond after transporting to the plantation place, soaks plantation again after 12 hours; From dig set to intake pool can not be above 48 hours.
Plantation: plantation can be in the greenhouse or outside the greenhouse, and available potted plant or ground plants, and should using that tree-walk 4cm is following is potted plant, and the suitable land used more than the tree-walk 4cm is planted.The method of planting be must dig tree well earlier before the plantation; Pad one plastic foil bigger in the hole than the hole, in the bottom of film and the periphery water hole that begins to rehearse, fill up 10cm earth again, in fermentation vat, take out tea tree, on the earth of implanting behind the aqueous solution of the 1g/600mL indolebutyric acid spray root in the hole, then film is strained from four limits, fill up soil after, convert the aqueous solution and water root, irrigate with " 3721 taking root liquid " by specification ratio, and constantly spur film and make soil become mud root is packed tightly; Potted plant method is to adopt basin or the alms bowl that adapts with tree-walk, earlier at permeable hole place pad one tile, fills up the earth of alms bowl high 1/3 again, implants in the alms bowl behind the aqueous solution spray root with the 1g/600mL indolebutyric acid; The full soil of lid back is converted the aqueous solution with " 3721 taking root liquid " by specification ratio and is watered root, till water is irrigated.Outdoor plantation, put complete stool with plastic film, put a container at tree root, fill water, guarantee that humidity is more than 80% in the film, real with soil pressure around the film, sealing is tied up at the top; Plantlet overcoat one woven bag keeps the sun off, and the double-deck shade net of big plant enclosing cover makes its temperature at 30 ℃～35 ℃ one; Transplanting is finished.
(3) grafting scion
The tea tree plant carries out grafting after transplanting and finishing immediately; Grafting adopts that traditional bud grafting, broken head connect, multiple connection, be abutted against technology, and scion stays two leaves to keep photosynthesis during grafting; To the kind that grafting is not lived, be stained with the scion otch with the aqueous solution of 1g/900mL indolebutyric acid, and be coated with full stock otch, make it turn over the breast healing as early as possible; Connect the back and scion otch, stock otch are strictly tied up sealing, to promote wound healing, to prevent infection of incisional wound with plastic film strip.
(4) transplanting and managing after grafting
Organize content mainly contains: watered permeable 1 time in 1. per 10 days; 2. water root 1 time with potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution every month, and spray limb, blade face and scion, guarantee plant nutrition; 3. convert water with " state light root king " in 5th month and water root 1 time, promote new root growth; 4. watered root 1 time with " nuclear energy element " in 6th month,, promote the fibrous root growth and not long main root to change gene; 5. the pre-preventing disease and pest of running check is rejected the sprouting that tea tree self sends; 6. grafting will be extractd young sprout when young sprout is extracted in scion out after 3 months, only stays 2 leaves, 2 buds, and then scion has 10～20 new twigs after half a year; 7. grafting grew Xin Gen and young sprout after 6 months, more must control the growth of young sprout, and supply falls short of demand to prevent root nutrition; 8. grafting is after 10～12 months, and the tea tree gene changes to some extent, grows the fibrous root of not weighing root and sitting the ground root, and trunk grows the above long scion branch of 30cm, can allow its wounded flower bud; Executing 1 hypophosphorous acid potassium dihydrogen fertilizer in per 20 days after the grafting can bloom then; Annual plant is used dense chicken manure water 4 times, per 30 days from trunk and foliage-spray urea liquid 1 time, and spray water every day sooner or later 1 time during day drought, and the tea tree after the grafting just can grow fast, and young sprout can recover tree-like rapidly more than the long 90cm every year.
10 above camellia kinds of grafting on same plant if any death, in time be mended and connect.Can only be abutted against in this case, after connecing and finish, benefit to carry out " three support branch three to supply water ", execute dense chicken manure water promptly for tea tree and maternal plant, trunk and blade face are regularly sprayed urea liquid, in time spray water according to weather condition, until the new scion and the kind of taking over a job earlier same high, when scion and female parent are cut off till.
Used " the logical wound of Hua Li is coated with tonic ", " nuclear energy element ", " 3721 taking root liquid ", indolebutyric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, " state light root king ", the urea of the inventive method is the commercial goods.
The method of fast-developing many kinds of tree camellia provided by the invention all can be carried out grafting throughout the year, and kind is not limit in stock and scion, survival rate height, growth are fast, can bloom then the soonest, many kinds camellia adaptive capacity of being taken over a job is strong, can grow, bloom under-6 ℃～35 ℃; Use the present invention, can impel the tea tree gene alteration, make fibrous root that its long hair reaches and long ground root, the rare power root sat; Can the tea tree that has only safflower, spend in vain change into can leave the dozens of kind very spend strange tree, reach the effect of beautifying the environment, be applicable to tea tree as the occasions of ornamental trees and shrubs, be the extremely strong and high-tech horticulture technique of a kind of artistry.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is used for illustrating the effect of part technical essential of the present invention and enforcement.
Fig. 1 takes selected wild tea tree; Fig. 2 is shaping that the tea tree of transplanting is pruned; Fig. 3 inserts for scion being aimed at stock; Fig. 4 is for to tie up with hermetically sealed scion; Fig. 5 is for to tie up whole plant with plastic film; Fig. 6 is for putting the sunshade of black plastic bag; The tea tree that Fig. 7 survives for 8 kinds of grafting; Fig. 8 for grafting after 1 year tea tree bloom.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Guizhou Hongchen Camellia Resource Research and Development Institute in April, 2006, adopt method of the present invention, select that 15 strain tree-walk 9cm are following, the tea tree of tree-like grace, robust growth, no scar, no treehole, and the tea tree breed of choosing healthy growth is as scion.
The stock transplanting comprises digs tree, transports and plants 3 links, all adopts the method for not transplanting with mud ball to dig tree.It is disconnected from 10cm downwards to sit the ground root, and the wooden fork root cuts off from 20cm; After tree is dug out, thoroughly clear up and shaping from the root to the trunk, the edge of a knife is neatly smooth; Smear all otch and scar, treehole with the aqueous solution of 1g/800mL indolebutyric acid afterwards, use " the logical wound of Hua Li is coated with tonic " thoroughly sealing again.Before the entrucking transportation in the compartment around and case heelpiece 10cm wheat straw, when getting on the bus with " nuclear energy element " convert water thoroughly spray set once entirely; Trunk and tree root are to taking during entrucking; Adorn appropriate back trunk upper cover 20cm wheat straw, then water grass and tree permeable from top to bottom; Tea tree is put into cut-and-dried pond after transporting to the plantation place, soaks plantation after 12 hours.Be planted in outdoor, dug tree well earlier, pad plastic foil in the hole, in the bottom of film and the periphery water hole that begins to rehearse, fill up 10cm earth again, in fermentation vat, take out tea tree, implant behind the aqueous solution spray root with the 1g/600mL indolebutyric acid on the earth in the hole, then film is strained from four limits, fill up soil after, convert the aqueous solution with " 3721 taking root liquid " by specification ratio and water root, irrigate, and constantly spur film and make soil become mud root is packed tightly, with plastic film complete stool is put at last, put a container, fill water at tree root, guarantee that humidity is more than 80% in the film, real with soil pressure around the film, sealing is tied up at the top, and plantation is finished.The inspection of afterwards uprooting, 15 strain tea trees grow flourishing fibrous root, and survival rate reaches 100%.
Carry out grafting after transplanting is finished immediately, adopt traditional bud grafting, broken head to connect, the famous and precious kind twig in grafting China and foreign countries is 110 altogether.Two leaves are stayed in scion during grafting, connect the back and with plastic film strip scion otch, stock otch are strictly tied up sealing.
Transplant and scion after manage and comprise 1. per 10 days and water permeable 1 time; 2. water root 1 time with potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution every month, and spray limb, blade face and scion; 3. convert water with " state light root king " in 5th month and water root 1 time; 4. watered root 1 time with " nuclear energy element " in 6th month; 5. the pre-preventing disease and pest of running check is rejected the sprouting that tea tree self sends; 6. grafting is extractd young sprout when young sprout is extracted in scion out after 3 months, only stays 2 leaves, 2 buds; 7. grafting was controlled the growth of young sprout after 6 months; 8. executing 1 hypophosphorous acid potassium dihydrogen fertilizer in per 20 days after the grafting can bloom then; Annual plant is used dense chicken manure water 4 times, per 30 days from trunk and foliage-spray urea liquid 1 time, and spray water every day sooner or later 1 time during day drought.
In March, 2007, scion begins to bloom, and all blooms to each kind of grafting in August, spends aquatic foods, spends greatly, and 110 buds survive 109, and dead 1, the back is adopted inarching method to mend and is connected into work.Last the camellia tree of cultivating the many kinds of 15 strains, one tree in 16 months.Principal item has Yunnan " purple robe jade belt ", " Dali butterfly wing ", " Zhang Jiacha ", " Dali tea ", " large meatball ", " mountain, hole spring ", " switch silk ball " etc., " the big Camellia nitidissima " in Guizhou, " Camellia nitidissima ", " Guizhou Camellia nitidissima ", " short column fragrant tea ", " the bright red mound " in Sichuan, " mound tea ", " gold dish lichee ", " spun gold tree peony ", " snowy peak " etc.One tree is spent more, and affords a magnificent spectacle, and flowers blooming like a piece of brocade, rare famous and precious.
Claims (3)
1. the method for fast development one many kinds of tree camellia is carried out grafting with stock and scion, and its feature comprises following 4 technology:
(1) technology of selection stock and scion variety
The tea tree of choosing tree-like grace, the robust growth of tree-walk 9cm, no scar, no treehole is as stock, and the tea tree breed of choosing healthy growth is as scion.
(2) stock implantation technique
The stock implantation technique comprises and digs tree, transports and plant 3 links:
Dig the tree employing and be not with mud ball to transplant, when digging tree, sit the ground root and break from 10cm downwards, the wooden fork root cuts off from 20cm, stays root according to the size of tree; After tree is dug out, thoroughly clear up and shaping from the root to the trunk, the edge of a knife is neatly smooth; Smear all otch and the scar of cutting, sawing, treehole with the aqueous solution of 1g/800mL indolebutyric acid afterwards, use " the logical wound of Hua Li is coated with tonic " thoroughly sealing again;
Before the entrucking transportation in the compartment around and case heelpiece 10cm straw or wheat straw, when getting on the bus with " nuclear energy element " by specification ratio convert water thoroughly spray set once entirely; Trunk and tree root are to taking during entrucking; Adorn appropriate back trunk upper cover 20cm straw or wheat straw, then water from top to bottom, grass and tree are irrigated; Do as grass in transit, must in time water; Tea tree is put into cut-and-dried pond after transporting to the plantation place, soaks plantation again after 12 hours; From dig set to intake pool can not be above 48 hours;
Plantation can be in the greenhouse or outside the greenhouse, available potted plant or plant, should using that tree-walk 4cm is following is potted plant, the suitable land used more than the tree-walk 4cm is planted; Plant as land used, must dig tree well earlier before the plantation, pad one plastic foil in the hole, in the bottom of film and the periphery water hole that begins to rehearse, fill up 10cm earth again, in fermentation vat, take out tea tree, implant behind the aqueous solution spray root with the 1g/600mL indolebutyric acid on the earth in the hole, then film is strained from four limits; Fill up soil back and convert the aqueous solution and water root, irrigate, and constantly spur film and make soil become mud root is packed tightly with " 3721 taking root liquid " by specification ratio; As with potted plant, adopt the basin or the alms bowl that adapt with tree-walk, earlier at permeable hole place pad one tile, fill up the earth of alms bowl high 1/3 again, implant in the alms bowl behind the aqueous solution spray root with the 1g/600mL indolebutyric acid; The full soil of lid back is converted the aqueous solution with " 3721 taking root liquid " by specification ratio and is watered root, till water is irrigated; Outdoor plantation, put complete stool with plastic film, put a container at tree root, fill water, guarantee that humidity is more than 80% in the film, real with soil pressure around the film, sealing is tied up at the top; Plantlet overcoat one woven bag keeps the sun off, and the double-deck shade net of big plant enclosing cover makes its temperature at 30 ℃～35 ℃, finishes transplanting;
(3) grafting scion technology
The tea tree plant carries out grafting after transplanting and finishing immediately; Two leaves are stayed in scion during grafting; Be stained with the scion otch with the aqueous solution of 1g/900mL indolebutyric acid, and be coated with full stock otch; Connect the back and scion otch, stock otch are strictly tied up sealing with plastic film strip;
(4) transplanting and managing after grafting technology
Administrative skill has: watered permeable 1 time in 1. per 10 days; 2. water root 1 time with potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution every month, and spray limb, blade face and scion; 3. convert water with " state light root king " in 5th month and water root 1 time; 4. watered root 1 time with " nuclear energy element " in 6th month; 5. the pre-preventing disease and pest of running check is rejected the sprouting that tea tree self sends; 6. grafting will be extractd young sprout when young sprout is extracted in scion out after 3 months, only stays 2 leaves, 2 buds; 7. grafting grew Xin Gen and young sprout after 6 months, must control the growth of young sprout; 8. grafting is after 10～12 months, grows the fibrous root that does not have the wooden fork root and sit the ground root, and trunk grows the above long scion branch of 30cm, allows its wounded flower bud; 9. executed 1 hypophosphorous acid potassium dihydrogen fertilizer after the grafting in per 20 days; 10. annual plant is used dense chicken manure water 4 times, per 30 days from trunk and foliage-spray urea liquid 1 time, and spray water every day sooner or later 1 time during day drought.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that used graft technology is that bud grafting or broken head connect or multiple connection or be abutted against.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that used " the logical wound of Hua Li is coated with tonic ", " nuclear energy element ", " 3721 taking root liquid ", indolebutyric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, " state light root king ", urea are the commercial goods.
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| CN108124619A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-06-08 | 湖南多彩生态农业有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of camellia |
| CN108124721A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-06-08 | 湖南多彩生态农业有限公司 | Camellia stock substrate soil and its method for planting |
| CN114503870A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-17 | 安化县雄枫茶业有限公司 | High-yield planting method for tea |
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