CN104106382B - The propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima - Google Patents
The propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, by managing and protecting cultivation as the Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima nursery stock of stock elite stand and introduction as scion-seed tree to the purple camellia nursery stock of hair respectively, Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima fringe bar is grafted in the purple camellia cuttage seeding of hair, control illumination in Seedlings nursery, relative moisture and water content of substrate, obtain Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima grafting wood seedling.The branch that the present invention utilizes the purple camellia of hair to possess is many, rudiment power is strong, skin depth is easily shelled, the multiple excellent rootstock seedling application characteristics such as the adaptive capacity stronger to natural environments such as drought, flood, acid, alkali, salt, high temperature, grafting is leaf, flower pattern, crown type morphological appearance, ornamental value is high, has the Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima of gardens Development volue, graft survival rate can up to more than 98%, expand soon numerous, reproduction coefficient is high, the Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima nursery stock quantity obtained is large, and managing and protecting grafting in about 5 ~ 6 months wood seedling, to grow to 50 ~ 60cm high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of plant asexual propagation, relate to the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima.
Background technology
Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima (CamelliatamdaoensisHakodaetNinh) belongs to Theaceae (Theaceae) Camellia (Camellia) Sectio Chrysantha (SectionChrysanthaChang) plant, it is the Camellia Section Chrysantha initial species originating in Vietnam, man of island country of Vietnam three natural park has distribution, therefore has another name called three island Camellia nitidissimas.The brightly yellowish look of Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, compares common golden flower camellia paler colour, Hua Jing 4 ~ 6cm, and leaf, flower pattern, crown type morphological appearance, ornamental value is high, has gardens Development volue, and scientific research value potentiality are large.Inst. of Forestry Science, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region introduces Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima from Vietnam, the introduction of this Camellia nitidissima supplements and has enriched China's Camellia nitidissima germ plasm resource, adding China's Camellia nitidissima new varieties breeds with Quick for the test material developed, for China's Camellia nitidissima Resource Cultivation and industry development provide good supporting role.
Because the Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima nursery stock resource introduced is extremely limited and precious, limit the research to this new species, development and utilization to a certain extent.Therefore, efficient asexual reproduction method is adopted to be the Main Means of Kuo Fantamu island Camellia nitidissima.The asexual reproduction method of current Camellia nitidissima mainly adopts grafting and cuttage two kinds of methods; although cottage propagation is relatively easy; but growth of cuttage seedlings slowly, strain shape is not whole and be difficult to promote; and grow fast feature by the grafting that grafting obtains by stock; can rapid scale carry out Camellia nitidissima breeding; and flowering stage can be arrived ahead of time, therefore grafting has become one of main method of current Camellia nitidissima Clonal regeneration.
The stock of current grafting Camellia nitidissima plant mainly uses the Oil tea camellia species of Camellia, use more have C. olelfera (
c.oleifera), Camellia gigantocarpa (
c.gigantocarpa) etc.But production practices for many years prove; although the Oil tea camellia species grafting Camellia nitidissima survival rate adopting these traditional is higher; but the Camellia nitidissima grafting after surviving in production application growth phase to slowly; growth cycle is longer; thus constrain the fast development of Camellia nitidissima industry to a certain extent; therefore in the urgent need to adopting a kind of new Stockscion combination to carry out Camellia nitidissima grafting; thus realize the object of Camellia nitidissima Fast-propagation, and then advance scale, the industrialization process of Camellia nitidissima artificial propagation nursery.
Purple (Camellia ' the maozi ') camellia of hair is the camellia new varieties that Inst. of Forestry Science, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region selects.The purple camellia of camellia new varieties hair logs in numbering: (camellia)-119, Mao Zi in 2013; Wei Xiaojuan, Ma Jinlin, Li Kaixiang, Ye Hang, Liang Wen converge, " Chinese flower gardening ", 2013 years the 12nd phases.The purple camellia plant strain growth of hair is rapid, strong, well developed root system, and resistance to half shade, good characteristics such as having branch many, rudiment power is strong, skin depth is easily shelled, embodies sufficient hybrid vigour.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the branch possessed for the purple camellia of hair is many, the multiple excellent rootstock seedling application characteristics such as rudiment power is strong, skin depth is easily shelled, under the condition that Ta Mudao Camellia nitidissima elite stand resource is very limited, provide a kind of propagation method that can obtain the hair purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima of a large amount of excellent Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima graftings fast.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
1, a propagation method for mao purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, it is waited to levy and is: comprise the cultivation of stock elite stand, grafting-trees cultivation and propagation by grafiting operation; By managing and protecting cultivation as the Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima nursery stock of stock elite stand and introduction as scion-seed tree to the purple camellia nursery stock of hair respectively, gathering Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima fringe bar grafts in the purple camellia cuttage seeding of the hair cultivated in Seedlings nursery, and by controlling illumination in Seedlings nursery, relative moisture and water content of substrate, obtain Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima grafting wood seedling, its concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) stock elite stand is cultivated
(1) cultivation of hair purple camellia nursery stock scion-seed tree:
1. build cool canopy: select the plot that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil is more fertile, before the purple camellia nursery stock of transplanting hair, putting up obscurity is that 50 ~ 60% cool canopies are in order to shading;
2. ground, garden prepares: entirely cultivate garden, arrange the wide 40cm of pavement, the wide 1m of furrow, and furrow are long to dig trenches to drain the water away on the spot according to landform, and hack is smooth, removing grass roots; Dig by seeding row spacing 25cm × 30cm the field planting bank that length is all not less than 20cm, every strain backfill table soil adds the fertilizer 250g and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g that become thoroughly decomposed, mixes thoroughly, is used as backfill table native;
3. the female Miao Yizhi of the purple camellia of hair: mid-January ~ will be contained at the beginning of 2 months cultivate in nutrition cup more than leading thread 0.3cm, height more than 10cm the healthy and strong cuttage seeding of the purple camellia of hair as female seedling, transplant in field planting bank, bank cave is filled up during backfill table soil, and a little more than bank face, normal root water of drenching;
4. truncation is short sprouts: the purple camellia of hair female Miao Dingzhi same day or second day, cuts sprout female Miao Jinhang truncation is short by profit;
5. the female Miao Guanli of the purple camellia of hair: the purple camellia Nursery stock transplanting of hair is after 30 days, and drenched the conventional compound rich water liquid executing a weight concentration 0.5 ~ 1.0% every 15 days, artificial weeding, wants trickle after pulling out before pulling out; Adopt the female Miao Jinhang weeding of the purple camellia of the hair after fringe, loosen the soil, every strain applies the fertilizer 150g, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 150g that become thoroughly decomposed, spray somatotropin according to a conventional method simultaneously, the conventional compound rich water liquid of a weight concentration 0.5 ~ 1.0% is drenched every 15 days, again urge to sprout, the cuttage for next time is got fringe and is prepared;
(2) hair purple camellia nursery stock cuttings gathers and cuttage:
1. cuttings collection: in late March ~ early September, from the female seedling of the purple camellia of hair, the stalwartness of clip 5 ~ 8cm length is without damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified sprout, as cuttage cuttings;
2. fringe bar is pruned: the whole blades cutting off more than cuttings base portion 3 ~ 4cm, only retains 1 ~ 2 leaf on top, and 1 ~ 2 leaf retained is cut into half leaf, then is cut cuttings lower end as angle shape;
3. disinfect: cuttings being immersed in weight concentration is take out after the carbendazim sterilization 15min of 0.5%, stand-by after rinsing with clear water;
(3) hair purple camellia nursery stock cuttage:
1. build cool canopy: in green house or in the booth put up, make cutting bed, it is that 50 ~ 60% cool canopies are in order to shading that cutting bed puts up obscurity before cuttage and seedling culture;
2. matrix preparation and container are put: be placed on cutting bed with being neatly close to by the container that cutting medium is housed, and carry out disinfection to cutting medium with liquor potassic permanganate 2 ~ 3d before cuttage that weight concentration is 0.2 ~ 0.5%;
3. slurry of taking root prepares: the hormotone solution be hybridly prepared into by a certain percentage with indole-3-butyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate powder, and adds appropriate clean talcum powder and be uniformly mixed in starchiness, making takes root starch for subsequent use;
4. cutting time: carry out the purple camellia cuttage of hair in spring, summer or autumn;
5. cottage method: first insert an aperture with the small wooden slightly thicker than diameter on cutting medium during cuttage, then hair purple camellia cuttings base portion is fully soaked after being stained with slurry of taking root and insert immediately in aperture, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/2 ~ 1/3 of cutting length, blade can not juxtaposition, then by the cutting medium compacting around cuttings; Water 1 permeable double flushing blade after cuttage immediately, cuttings and cutting medium are combined closely;
(4) manage after the cuttage of hair purple camellia nursery stock:
1. cuttage management: encircle plastic film cover moisturizing immediately to the purple camellia cuttings of the hair after cuttage, keep water content of substrate 60 ~ 70%, relative moisture remains on more than 90%, period moisture preserving cover should not often open; After cuttage, every 7 ~ 10 days foliage-spray weight concentration be 0.2 ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Ye Mian Bao, large fertile king wherein a kind of aqueous fertilizer solution, until take root; Simultaneously every within 7 ~ 10 days, spraying carbendazim or zineb, the wherein a kind of aqueous solution in first phase topsin that 1 weight concentration is 0.2 ~ 0.5%, infect with preventing disease and pest; Period, cuttings will remove in time if any drying up, going mouldy and fall leaves;
2. manage after taking root:
A, short bud: after the purple camellia cuttage rooting of hair, with the 6-BA liquid of 300 ~ 500mg/L, short bud process is carried out to the cuttings of non-rudiment;
B, hardening: take root latter 15 days, reduce water spray frequency gradually and carry out hardening;
Manage after c, hardening: the control mainly carrying out rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect, when the purple camellia nursery stock of hair grows tall 10 ~ 15cm, can be used as stock for subsequent use;
(2) grafting-trees is cultivated
(1) cool canopy is built: select the plot that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil is more fertile, before Ta Mudao Camellia nitidissima seedling transplanting, put up obscurity is that 50 ~ 60% cool canopies are in order to shading;
(2) ground, garden prepares: entirely cultivate garden, arrange the wide 40cm of pavement, the wide 1m of furrow, and furrow are long to dig trenches to drain the water away on the spot according to landform, and hack is smooth, removing grass roots; The field planting bank that length is not less than 40cm is dug by seeding row spacing 50cm × 50cm; Execute decomposed dung or compost 2.0 ~ 2.5kg to each field planting bank, add fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1.0 ~ 2.0kg simultaneously, and mix thoroughly with table soil and make base manure;
(3) female Miao Yizhi: mid-January ~ at the beginning of 2 months by introduce from Vietnam be contained in nutrition cup maintenance more than leading thread 0.4cm, height more than 15cm Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima healthy seedling carpentery workshop be that female Miao Yizhi is in field planting bank, bank cave is filled up during backfill table soil, and a little more than bank face, normal root water of drenching;
(4) truncation is short sprouts: Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima female Miao Dingzhi same day or second day, cuts sprout female Miao Jinhang truncation is short by profit;
(5) female Miao Guanli: Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima Nursery stock transplanting is after 30 days, and drenched every 15 days and execute the conventional compound rich water liquid of weight concentration 0.5 ~ 1.0%, artificial weeding, wants trickle after pulling out before pulling out; To adopting the female Miao Jinhang weeding of fringe Hou Tamu island Camellia nitidissima, to loosen the soil and every strain applies the fertilizer 250g, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g that become thoroughly decomposed, spray somatotropin according to a conventional method simultaneously, the conventional compound rich water liquid of a weight concentration 0.5 ~ 1.0% is drenched every 15 days, again urge to sprout, the Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima grafting for next time is got fringe and is prepared;
(3) propagation by grafiting:
(1) cool canopy is built: before grafting, in the ground, garden cultivating the purple camellia of hair, put up cool canopy in order to shading; Degree of shading reaches 80 ~ 90%;
(2) scion collection: from the healthy and strong semi-lignified full without damage by disease and insect, eye of Ta Mudao Camellia nitidissima elite stand clip to lignification branch as scion; Scion, with adopting with connecing, notes moisturizing;
(3) grafting time: the four seasons all can carry out grafting, best with season in autumn in summer two, the summer connect May the first tenday period of a month ~ mid-June, the autumn connect early September ~ mid-October;
(4) grafting: the purple camellia cuttage seeding of the hair cultivated in garden, as stock, carries out grafting by cut-grafting method or cleft graft;
(5) moisturizing: encircle plastic film cover moisturizing immediately after grafting, each grafting bed is an independent moisturizing unit, and cover humidity remains on 80 ~ 90%, period moisture preserving cover should not often open;
(6) managing after grafting:
1. solution is tied up and is torn film open: when the healing of grafting nursery stock interface is good, during more than 60% plant scion Germination to Frondescent, removed by moisture preserving cover, scion is taken out the aging rear timely solution of the tip and tied up, and carry out except sprouting, rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work;
2. short bud: after grafting survival, with the 6-BA liquid of 300 ~ 500mg/L, short bud process is carried out to the scion of non-rudiment;
3. hardening: take root latter 15 days, reduces water spray frequency gradually and carries out hardening;
4. manage after hardening: the control mainly carrying out rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect, the Camellia nitidissima grafting of Dai Tamu island wood seedling grow tall 15cm ~ 20cm time can go out garden.
Above step (one) and the truncation described in step (two) are urged to sprout its method: block in base portion distance 10 ~ 15cm place, ground of the female seedling of the purple camellia of hair female Miao Huotamu island Camellia nitidissima, and be applied to the compound rich water liquid commonly used that weight concentration is 0.5 ~ 1.0%.
Cutting medium in above step () described in the cuttage of hair purple camellia nursery stock adopts clean fresh yellow soil and clean river sand to mix by the volume ratio of 4:1 to form.
In above step () hair purple camellia nursery stock cuttage preparation take root slurry time described in hormotone solution be add after a small amount of 95% industrial alcohol dissolves after mixing in the ratio of 10 ~ 20:1 with methyl α-naphthyl acetate mixed-powder with indole-3-butyric acid, then be mixed with the hormotone solution of 1500 ~ 2000mg/L with distilled water.
Cut-grafting method described in during above step (three) grafting leads to straight place from stock base portion 5 ~ 10cm to cut disconnected, selects more smooth side to be pruned at edge a little, form an inclined side, then cut downward vertically along inclined-plane from formation layer position, dark 1.0 ~ 1.2cm; Select scion smooth back of the body bud side, down cut out a level and smooth tangent plane, be deep to phloem apart from bud 0.4 ~ 0.5cm place, bevel is long consistent with stock otch, then is whittled into 20 ~ 30 ° of inclined-plane intersections with it in its reverse side lower end, and bevel is smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf; The stock interface cut is inserted in the scion of cutting, and scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud, in outside, is finally used the tighten scion from bottom to top of grafting special plastic film strip, will be strained, prevent scion from moving during colligation.
Cleft graft described in during above step (three) grafting leads to straight place from stock base portion 5 ~ 10cm to cut disconnected, more vertically split down along medulla, dark 1.0 ~ 1.2cm; Being whittled into double inclined plane in the both sides of scion bud is wedge shape, and bevel becomes 30 °, and bevel is long consistent with stock otch, and bevel is level and smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf; The scion of cutting is inserted the stock interface of riving, scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud, in outside, is finally used the tighten scion from bottom to top of grafting special plastic film strip, will be strained, prevent scion from moving during colligation.
Managing after grafting described in above step (three) propagation by grafiting was potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Ye Mian Bao or a kind of aqueous fertilizer solution of large fertile Wang Qizhong of 0.2 ~ 0.3% every 7 ~ 10 days in foliage-spray weight concentration, spray carbendazim or zineb or first phase topsin wherein a kind of aqueous solution that 1 weight concentration is 0.2 ~ 0.5% simultaneously, infect with preventing disease and pest until take root; Combine the stock rudiment bar that below the grafting part that manually weeds out the rank grass and erase is extracted out, with concentrated Nutrients uptake scion growth simultaneously.
Compared to prior art, the advantage that the present invention has and beneficial effect as follows:
1, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, apply enough abundant decomposed dungs or compost, fused calcium magnesium phosphate when the female Miao Yizhi of the purple camellia of hair female Miao Yizhi Huo Tamu island Camellia nitidissima, this provides sufficient base manure for female Miao Shengchang, growth is rapid, well developed root system.
2, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, the Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima wood seedling of grafting relies on the purple camellia of stock hair to the advantageous feature of the stronger adaptive capacity of the natural environments such as drought, flood, acid, alkali, salt, high temperature, scion and stock energy quickly-healing also sprout young sprout, and the young sprout growth of sprouting rapidly, managing and protecting grafting in about 5 ~ 6 months wood seedling, to grow to 50 ~ 60cm high.
3, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, the purple camellia plant strain growth of hair cultivated as stock is rapid, strong, well developed root system, resistance to half shade, good characteristics such as there is branch many, rudiment power is strong, skin depth is easily shelled, grafting recovers fast, survival rate is high, and container seedling convenient management, simple to operate, the container grafting survival rate cultivated is high.
4, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, the Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima grafting wood seedling drought resisting of producing, waterlogging-resistant, wind resistance, diseases and insect pests resistance are strong, elegant in appearance for plant strain shape after afforesting, flourishing, leaf, flower pattern, crown type morphological appearance, ornamental value is high, within 3 ~ 4 years, can bloom successively, arrival is ahead of time bloomed the Sheng phase, produces economic benefit ahead of time, has gardens Development volue.
5, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, the cut-grafting used or cleft grafting grafting, effect is better than additive method, in this grafting method, scion, the division of stock base portion phloem cambial cell enliven, and vitality is vigorous, simultaneously, because the contact area of stock and scion is comparatively large, be conducive to accelerating the cambial healing in composition surface and improving graft survival rate, graft survival rate can up to more than 98%.
6, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, selected culture medium raw material are easy to get, and prepare simple and convenient, propagation method is easily implemented.
7, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, cost is low, simple to operate, and expand soon numerous, reproduction coefficient is high, and the Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima nursery stock quantity of acquisition is large, has good economic benefit and social benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
A propagation method for mao purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima,
(1) stock elite stand is cultivated
(1) cultivation of hair purple camellia nursery stock scion-seed tree:
1. build cool canopy: select the plot that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil is more fertile, before the purple camellia nursery stock of transplanting hair, putting up obscurity is that 50 ~ 60% cool canopies are in order to shading;
2. ground, garden prepares: entirely cultivate garden, arrange the wide 40cm of pavement, the wide 1m of furrow, and furrow are long to dig trenches to drain the water away on the spot according to landform, and hack is smooth, removing grass roots; Dig by seeding row spacing 25cm × 30cm the field planting bank that length is all not less than 20cm, every strain backfill table soil adds the fertilizer 250g and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g that become thoroughly decomposed, mixes thoroughly, is used as backfill table native;
3. the female Miao Yizhi of the purple camellia of hair: mid-January ~ will be contained at the beginning of 2 months cultivate in nutrition cup more than leading thread 0.3cm, height more than 10cm the healthy and strong cuttage seeding of the purple camellia of hair as female seedling, transplant in field planting bank, bank cave is filled up during backfill table soil, and a little more than bank face, normal root water of drenching;
4. truncation is short sprouts: the purple camellia of hair female Miao Dingzhi same day or second day, cuts sprout female Miao Jinhang truncation is short by profit, namely blocks in base portion distance 10 ~ 15cm place, ground of the female seedling of the purple camellia of hair, and is applied to the conventional compound rich water liquid that weight concentration is 0.5 ~ 1.0%;
5. the female Miao Guanli of the purple camellia of hair: the purple camellia Nursery stock transplanting of hair is after 30 days, and drenched the conventional compound rich water liquid executing a weight concentration 0.5 ~ 1.0% every 15 days, artificial weeding, wants trickle after pulling out before pulling out; Adopt the female Miao Jinhang weeding of the purple camellia of the hair after fringe, loosen the soil, every strain applies the fertilizer 150g, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 150g that become thoroughly decomposed, spray somatotropin according to a conventional method simultaneously, the conventional compound rich water liquid of a weight concentration 0.5 ~ 1.0% is drenched every 15 days, again urge to sprout, the cuttage for next time is got fringe and is prepared;
(2) hair purple camellia nursery stock cuttings gathers and cuttage:
1. cuttings collection: in late March ~ early September, from the female seedling of the purple camellia of hair, the stalwartness of clip 5 ~ 8cm length is without damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified sprout, as cuttage cuttings;
2. fringe bar is pruned: the whole blades cutting off more than cuttings base portion 3 ~ 4cm, only retains 1 ~ 2 leaf on top, and 1 ~ 2 leaf retained is cut into half leaf, then is cut cuttings lower end as angle shape;
3. disinfect: cuttings being immersed in weight concentration is take out after the carbendazim sterilization 15min of 0.5%, stand-by after rinsing with clear water;
(3) hair purple camellia nursery stock cuttage:
1. build cool canopy: in green house or in the booth put up, make cutting bed, it is that 50 ~ 60% cool canopies are in order to shading that cutting bed puts up obscurity before cuttage and seedling culture;
2. matrix preparation and container are put: be placed on cutting bed with being neatly close to by the container that cutting medium is housed, and carry out disinfection to cutting medium with liquor potassic permanganate 2 ~ 3d before cuttage that weight concentration is 0.2 ~ 0.5%; Hair purple camellia nursery stock cuttage containers size used is sack diameter 9 ~ 12cm, the plastic sack of the high 14 ~ 16cm of cup or non-woven fabrics Seedling bag; Described cutting medium loading height and sack remains basically stable or slightly lower than sack 2cm ~ 3cm; Cutting medium adopts clean fresh yellow soil and clean river sand to mix by the volume ratio of 4:1 to form;
3. slurry of taking root prepares: add after a small amount of 95% industrial alcohol dissolves after mixing in the ratio of 10 ~ 20:1 with methyl α-naphthyl acetate powder with indole-3-butyric acid, the hormotone solution of 1500 ~ 2000mg/L is mixed with again with distilled water, and add appropriate clean talcum powder and be uniformly mixed in starchiness, making slurry of taking root for subsequent use;
4. cutting time: carry out the purple camellia cuttage of hair in spring, summer or autumn;
5. cottage method: first insert an aperture with the small wooden slightly thicker than diameter on cutting medium during cuttage, then hair purple camellia cuttings base portion is fully soaked after being stained with slurry of taking root and insert immediately in aperture, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/2 ~ 1/3 of cutting length, blade can not juxtaposition, then by the cutting medium compacting around cuttings; Water 1 permeable double flushing blade after cuttage immediately, cuttings and cutting medium are combined closely;
(4) manage after the cuttage of hair purple camellia nursery stock:
1. cuttage management: encircle plastic film cover moisturizing immediately to the purple camellia cuttings of the hair after cuttage, keep water content of substrate 60 ~ 70%, relative moisture remains on more than 90%, period moisture preserving cover should not often open; After cuttage, every 7 ~ 10 days foliage-spray weight concentration be 0.2 ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Ye Mian Bao, large fertile king wherein a kind of aqueous fertilizer solution, until take root; Simultaneously every within 7 ~ 10 days, spraying carbendazim or zineb, the wherein a kind of aqueous solution in first phase topsin that 1 weight concentration is 0.2 ~ 0.5%, infect with preventing disease and pest; Period, cuttings will remove in time if any drying up, going mouldy and fall leaves;
2. manage after taking root:
A, short bud: after the purple camellia cuttage rooting of hair, with the 6-BA liquid of 300 ~ 500mg/L, short bud process is carried out to the cuttings of non-rudiment;
B, hardening: take root latter 15 days, reduce water spray frequency gradually and carry out hardening;
Manage after c, hardening: the control mainly carrying out rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect, when the purple camellia nursery stock of hair grows tall 10 ~ 15cm, can be used as stock for subsequent use;
(2) grafting-trees is cultivated
(1) cool canopy is built: select the plot that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil is more fertile, before Ta Mudao Camellia nitidissima seedling transplanting, put up obscurity is that 50 ~ 60% cool canopies are in order to shading;
(2) ground, garden prepares: entirely cultivate garden, arrange the wide 40cm of pavement, the wide 1m of furrow, and furrow are long to dig trenches to drain the water away on the spot according to landform, and hack is smooth, removing grass roots; The field planting bank that length is not less than 40cm is dug by seeding row spacing 50cm × 50cm; Execute decomposed dung or compost 2.0 ~ 2.5kg to each field planting bank, add fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1.0 ~ 2.0kg simultaneously, and mix thoroughly with table soil and make base manure;
(3) female Miao Yizhi: mid-January ~ at the beginning of 2 months by introduce from Vietnam be contained in nutrition cup maintenance more than leading thread 0.4cm, height more than 15cm Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima healthy seedling carpentery workshop be that female Miao Yizhi is in field planting bank, bank cave is filled up during backfill table soil, and a little more than bank face, normal root water of drenching;
(4) truncation is short sprouts: Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima female Miao Dingzhi same day or second day, cut by profit and sprout female Miao Jinhang truncation is short, base portion distance 10 ~ 15cm place, ground of the female seedling of Ji Yutamu island Camellia nitidissima is blocked, and is applied to the conventional compound rich water liquid that weight concentration is 0.5 ~ 1.0%;
(5) female Miao Guanli: Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima Nursery stock transplanting is after 30 days, and drenched every 15 days and execute the conventional compound rich water liquid of weight concentration 0.5 ~ 1.0%, artificial weeding, wants trickle after pulling out before pulling out; To adopting the female Miao Jinhang weeding of fringe Hou Tamu island Camellia nitidissima, loosen the soil and every strain to apply the fertilizer 250g, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g that become thoroughly decomposed fertile, spray somatotropin according to a conventional method simultaneously, the conventional compound rich water liquid of a weight concentration 0.5 ~ 1.0% is drenched every 15 days, again urge to sprout, the Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima grafting for next time is got fringe and is prepared;
(3) propagation by grafiting:
(1) cool canopy is built: before grafting, in the ground, garden cultivating the purple camellia of hair, put up cool canopy in order to shading; Degree of shading reaches 80 ~ 90%;
(2) scion collection: from the healthy and strong semi-lignified full without damage by disease and insect, eye of Ta Mudao Camellia nitidissima elite stand clip to lignification branch as scion; Scion, with adopting with connecing, notes moisturizing;
(3) grafting time: the four seasons all can carry out grafting, best with season in autumn in summer two, the summer connect May the first tenday period of a month ~ mid-June, the autumn connect early September ~ mid-October;
(4) grafting: the purple camellia cuttage seeding of the hair cultivated in garden, as stock, carries out grafting by cut-grafting method or cleft graft; Described cut-grafting method leads to straight place from stock base portion 5 ~ 10cm to cut disconnected, selects more smooth side to be pruned at edge a little, form an inclined side, then cut downward vertically along inclined-plane from formation layer position, dark 1.0 ~ 1.2cm; Select scion smooth back of the body bud side, down cut out a level and smooth tangent plane, be deep to phloem apart from bud 0.4 ~ 0.5cm place, bevel is long consistent with stock otch, then is whittled into 20 ~ 30 ° of inclined-plane intersections with it in its reverse side lower end, and bevel is smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf; The stock interface cut is inserted in the scion of cutting, and scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud, in outside, is finally used the tighten scion from bottom to top of grafting special plastic film strip, will be strained, prevent scion from moving during colligation.Described cleft graft leads to straight place from stock base portion 5 ~ 10cm to cut disconnected, more vertically split down along medulla, dark 1.0 ~ 1.2cm; Being whittled into double inclined plane in the both sides of scion bud is wedge shape, and bevel becomes 30 °, and bevel is long consistent with stock otch, and bevel is level and smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf; The scion of cutting is inserted the stock interface of riving, scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud, in outside, is finally used the tighten scion from bottom to top of grafting special plastic film strip, will be strained, prevent scion from moving during colligation.
(5) moisturizing: encircle plastic film cover moisturizing immediately after grafting, each grafting bed is an independent moisturizing unit, and cover humidity remains on 80 ~ 90%, period moisture preserving cover should not often open;
(6) managing after grafting:
1. solution is tied up and is torn film open: when the healing of grafting nursery stock interface is good, during more than 60% plant scion Germination to Frondescent, removed by moisture preserving cover, scion is taken out the aging rear timely solution of the tip and tied up, and carry out except sprouting, rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work;
2. short bud: after grafting survival, with the 6-BA liquid of 300 ~ 500mg/L, short bud process is carried out to the scion of non-rudiment;
3. hardening: take root latter 15 days, reduces water spray frequency gradually and carries out hardening;
4. manage after hardening: the control mainly carrying out rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect, namely potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Ye Mian Bao or a kind of aqueous fertilizer solution of large fertile Wang Qizhong of 0.2 ~ 0.3% was every 7 ~ 10 days in foliage-spray weight concentration, spray carbendazim or zineb or first phase topsin wherein a kind of aqueous solution that 1 weight concentration is 0.2 ~ 0.5% simultaneously, infect with preventing disease and pest until take root; Combine the stock rudiment bar that below the grafting part that manually weeds out the rank grass and erase is extracted out simultaneously, with concentrated Nutrients uptake scion growth, Dai Tamu island Camellia nitidissima grafting wood seedling grow tall 15cm ~ 20cm time can go out garden.
Claims (7)
1. a propagation method for hair purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, it is waited to levy and is: comprise the cultivation of stock elite stand, grafting-trees cultivation and propagation by grafiting operation; By managing and protecting cultivation as the Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima nursery stock of stock elite stand and introduction as scion-seed tree to the purple camellia nursery stock of hair respectively, gathering Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima fringe bar grafts in the purple camellia cuttage seeding of the hair cultivated in Seedlings nursery, and by controlling illumination in Seedlings nursery, relative moisture and water content of substrate, obtain Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima grafting wood seedling, its concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) stock elite stand is cultivated
(1) cultivation of hair purple camellia nursery stock scion-seed tree:
1. build cool canopy: select the plot that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil is more fertile, before the purple camellia nursery stock of transplanting hair, putting up obscurity is that 50 ~ 60% cool canopies are in order to shading;
2. ground, garden prepares: entirely cultivate garden, arrange the wide 40cm of pavement, the wide 1m of furrow, and furrow are long to dig trenches to drain the water away on the spot according to landform, and hack is smooth, removing grass roots; Dig by seeding row spacing 25cm × 30cm the field planting bank that length is all not less than 20cm, every strain backfill table soil adds the fertilizer 250g and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g that become thoroughly decomposed, mixes thoroughly, is used as backfill table native;
3. the female Miao Yizhi of the purple camellia of hair: mid-January ~ will be contained at the beginning of 2 months cultivate in nutrition cup more than leading thread 0.3cm, height more than 10cm the healthy and strong cuttage seeding of the purple camellia of hair as female seedling, transplant in field planting bank, bank cave is filled up during backfill table soil, and a little more than bank face, normal root water of drenching;
4. truncation is short sprouts: the purple camellia of hair female Miao Dingzhi same day or second day, cuts sprout female Miao Jinhang truncation is short by profit;
5. the female Miao Guanli of the purple camellia of hair: the purple camellia Nursery stock transplanting of hair is after 30 days, and drenched the conventional compound rich water liquid executing a weight concentration 0.5 ~ 1.0% every 15 days, artificial weeding, wants trickle after pulling out before pulling out; Adopt the female Miao Jinhang weeding of the purple camellia of the hair after fringe, loosen the soil, every strain applies the fertilizer 150g, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 150g that become thoroughly decomposed, spray somatotropin according to a conventional method simultaneously, the conventional compound rich water liquid of a weight concentration 0.5 ~ 1.0% is drenched every 15 days, again urge to sprout, the cuttage for next time is got fringe and is prepared;
(2) hair purple camellia nursery stock cuttings gathers and cuttage:
1. cuttings collection: in late March ~ early September, from the female seedling of the purple camellia of hair, the stalwartness of clip 5 ~ 8cm length is without damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified sprout, as cuttage cuttings;
2. matrix preparation and container are put: be placed on cutting bed with being neatly close to by the container that cutting medium is housed, and carry out disinfection to cutting medium with liquor potassic permanganate 2 ~ 3d before cuttage that weight concentration is 0.2 ~ 0.5%;
3. slurry of taking root prepares: the hormotone solution be hybridly prepared into by a certain percentage with indole-3-butyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate powder, and adds appropriate clean talcum powder and be uniformly mixed in starchiness, making takes root starch for subsequent use;
4. cottage method: first insert an aperture with the small wooden slightly thicker than diameter on cutting medium during cuttage, then hair purple camellia cuttings base portion is fully soaked after being stained with slurry of taking root and insert immediately in aperture, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/2 ~ 1/3 of cutting length, blade can not juxtaposition, then by the cutting medium compacting around cuttings; Water 1 permeable double flushing blade after cuttage immediately, cuttings and cutting medium are combined closely; After cuttage, every 7 ~ 10 days foliage-spray weight concentration be 0.2 ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Ye Mian Bao, large fertile king wherein a kind of aqueous fertilizer solution, until take root; Simultaneously every within 7 ~ 10 days, spraying carbendazim or zineb, the wherein a kind of aqueous solution in thiophanate methyl that 1 weight concentration is 0.2 ~ 0.5%, infect with preventing disease and pest; Period, cuttings will remove in time if any drying up, going mouldy and fall leaves; Stock is can be used as subsequent use when the purple camellia nursery stock of hair grows tall 10 ~ 15cm;
(2) grafting-trees is cultivated
(1) cool canopy is built: select the plot that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil is more fertile, before Ta Mudao Camellia nitidissima seedling transplanting, put up obscurity is that 50 ~ 60% cool canopies are in order to shading;
(2) ground, garden prepares: entirely cultivate garden, arrange the wide 40cm of pavement, the wide 1m of furrow, and furrow are long to dig trenches to drain the water away on the spot according to landform, and hack is smooth, removing grass roots; The field planting bank that length is not less than 40cm is dug by seeding row spacing 50cm × 50cm; Execute decomposed dung or compost 2.0 ~ 2.5kg to each field planting bank, add fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1.0 ~ 2.0kg simultaneously, and mix thoroughly with table soil and make base manure;
(3) female Miao Yizhi: mid-January ~ at the beginning of 2 months by introduce from Vietnam be contained in nutrition cup maintenance more than leading thread 0.4cm, height more than 15cm Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima healthy seedling carpentery workshop be that female Miao Yizhi is in field planting bank, bank cave is filled up during backfill table soil, and a little more than bank face, normal root water of drenching;
(4) truncation is short sprouts: Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima female Miao Dingzhi same day or second day, cuts sprout female Miao Jinhang truncation is short by profit;
(5) female Miao Guanli: Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima Nursery stock transplanting is after 30 days, and drenched every 15 days and execute the conventional compound rich water liquid of weight concentration 0.5 ~ 1.0%, artificial weeding, wants trickle after pulling out before pulling out; To adopting the female Miao Jinhang weeding of fringe Hou Tamu island Camellia nitidissima, to loosen the soil and every strain applies the fertilizer 250g, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g that become thoroughly decomposed, spray somatotropin according to a conventional method simultaneously, the conventional compound rich water liquid of a weight concentration 0.5 ~ 1.0% is drenched every 15 days, again urge to sprout, the Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima grafting for next time is got fringe and is prepared;
(3) propagation by grafiting:
(1) cool canopy is built: before grafting, in the ground, garden cultivating the purple camellia of hair, put up cool canopy in order to shading; Degree of shading reaches 80 ~ 90%;
(2) scion collection: from the healthy and strong semi-lignified full without damage by disease and insect, eye of Ta Mudao Camellia nitidissima elite stand clip to lignification branch as scion; Scion, with adopting with connecing, notes moisturizing;
(3) grafting time: the summer connect May the first tenday period of a month ~ mid-June, the autumn connect early September ~ mid-October;
(4) grafting: the purple camellia cuttage seeding of the hair cultivated in garden, as stock, carries out grafting by cut-grafting method or cleft graft;
(5) moisturizing: encircle plastic film cover moisturizing immediately after grafting, each grafting bed is an independent moisturizing unit, and cover humidity remains on 80 ~ 90%, period moisture preserving cover should not often open;
(6) managing after grafting:
1. solution is tied up and is torn film open: when the healing of grafting nursery stock interface is good, during more than 60% plant scion Germination to Frondescent, removed by moisture preserving cover, scion is taken out the aging rear timely solution of the tip and tied up, and carry out except sprouting, rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work;
2. short bud: after grafting survival, with the 6-BA liquid of 300 ~ 500mg/L, short bud process is carried out to the scion of non-rudiment;
3. hardening: take root latter 15 days, reduces water spray frequency gradually and carries out hardening;
4. manage after hardening: the control mainly carrying out rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect, the Camellia nitidissima grafting of Dai Tamu island wood seedling grow tall 15cm ~ 20cm time can go out garden.
2. the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is waited to levy and is: step () and the truncation described in step (two) are urged to sprout its method and be: block in base portion distance 10 ~ 15cm place, ground of the female seedling of the purple camellia of hair female Miao Huotamu island Camellia nitidissima, and be applied to the compound rich water liquid commonly used that weight concentration is 0.5 ~ 1.0%.
3. the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is waited to levy and is: the cutting medium in step () described in the cuttage of hair purple camellia nursery stock adopts clean fresh yellow soil and clean river sand to mix by the volume ratio of 4:1 to form.
4. the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is wait levying: in step () hair purple camellia nursery stock cuttage preparation take root slurry time described in hormotone solution be add after a small amount of 95% industrial alcohol dissolves after mixing in the ratio of 10 ~ 20:1 with methyl α-naphthyl acetate mixed-powder with indole-3-butyric acid, then be mixed with the hormotone solution of 1500 ~ 2000mg/L with distilled water.
5. the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is wait levying: the cut-grafting method described in during step (three) grafting leads to straight place from stock base portion 5 ~ 10cm to cut disconnected, more smooth side is selected to be pruned at edge a little, form an inclined side, cut downward vertically along inclined-plane from formation layer position again, dark 1.0 ~ 1.2cm; Select scion smooth back of the body bud side, down cut out a level and smooth tangent plane, be deep to phloem apart from bud 0.4 ~ 0.5cm place, bevel is long consistent with stock otch, then is whittled into 20 ~ 30 ° of inclined-plane intersections with it in its reverse side lower end, and bevel is smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf; The stock interface cut is inserted in the scion of cutting, and scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud, in outside, is finally used the tighten scion from bottom to top of grafting special plastic film strip, will be strained, prevent scion from moving during colligation.
6. the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is wait levying: the cleft graft described in during step (three) grafting leads to straight place from stock base portion 5 ~ 10cm to cut disconnected, vertically split down along medulla again, dark 1.0 ~ 1.2cm; Being whittled into double inclined plane in the both sides of scion bud is wedge shape, and bevel becomes 30 °, and bevel is long consistent with stock otch, and bevel is level and smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf; The scion of cutting is inserted the stock interface of riving, scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud, in outside, is finally used the tighten scion from bottom to top of grafting special plastic film strip, will be strained, prevent scion from moving during colligation.
7. the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is waited to levy and is: the managing after grafting described in step (three) propagation by grafiting was potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Ye Mian Bao or a kind of aqueous fertilizer solution of large fertile Wang Qizhong of 0.2 ~ 0.3% every 7 ~ 10 days in foliage-spray weight concentration, spray carbendazim or zineb or thiophanate methyl wherein a kind of aqueous solution that 1 weight concentration is 0.2 ~ 0.5% simultaneously, infect with preventing disease and pest until take root; Combine the stock rudiment bar that below the grafting part that manually weeds out the rank grass and erase is extracted out, with concentrated Nutrients uptake scion growth simultaneously.
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