CN103098654A - High-place grafting woody honeysuckle seedling technology - Google Patents
High-place grafting woody honeysuckle seedling technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-place grafting woody honeysuckle seedling technology and belongs to the technical field of honeysuckle grafting. The high-place grafting woody honeysuckle seedling technology is characterized in that Lonicera maackii var. erubescens serves as grafting stock of a honeysuckle, high-place grafting is adopted, the lifeline of the stock and the life joint of a graft coincide in a perpendicularly crossed mode, a honeysuckle branch which is high in degree of lignification and small in hollow heart is chosen as the graft, and the length of a bud protection stem of the graft is larger than 5cm. the technical problems that water is easily lost when the graft is grafted on a stock branch, the medulla is hollow and uneasy to operate, and the notch position is easy to die are solved. The high-place grafting woody honeysuckle seedling technology is reliable, easy to operate, convenient to manage, and complete in technology. The high-place grafting woody honeysuckle seedling technology is a complete, comprehensive and reliable technology used for breeding woody honeysuckle grafting seedlings which has clear main stem and grow vigorously in the true sense. The high-place grafting woody honeysuckle seedling technology can not only breed high yield plant type honeysuckles but also can breed ornamental plant type honeysuckles. Besides, the high-place grafting woody honeysuckle seedling technology not only has a guiding function on production practice, but also serves as an innovation of the grafting technology theory.
Description
Technical field:
A kind of high position grafting is cultivated the technology of woody honeysuckle nursery stock, belongs to honeysuckle graft technology field.Namely take the good shrub of compatibility as stock, take the good quality and high output honeysuckle as scion, by the high position grafting technological means, the culture of honeysuckle of liana is bred had high yield characteristic or gracefully view and admire the woody honeysuckle of plant type.
Background technology:
Honeysuckle has another name called honeysuckle, FLOSLONICERAE etc., is the Caprifoliaceae woodbine, mainly is used as medicine with unopened bud and rattan leaf, has very high economic worth and medical value, and the production cultivation is more and more general.Honeysuckle is perennial, and half is evergreen, the liana voluble shrub, and stem is overgrow, elongated, multi-branched.But it is without stem or stem is unconspicuous crawls or be wound around growth characteristics to have brought certain trouble to production management, and therefore how to cultivate the obvious woody honeysuckle nursery stock of stem is the important topic that people explore always.
For a long time, the numerous producers mainly pass through pruning repeatedly for many years, even needing of having, more than 10 years, the time cultivated trunk, major branch, one-level branch and second branch, formation firmly key framework changes its growth traits, thereby reaches the purpose of cultivating so-called woody honeysuckle and improving output.This method is not only periodically long, and the pruning workload is large, and is unfavorable for large scale application, so honeysuckle produces cultivation still take ground pier shape as main.
In recent years, the time have the report people to utilize shrub Amur honeysuckle engrafting and cultivating honeysuckle nursery stock, mainly utilize root to connect, reach the requirement of expanding numerous nursery stock, the difficulty of drawing materials is large, proterties is changed impact little, graft technology is also more low better with the junction, survival rate is low.If utilize the bud grafting technology, due to scion or the stock cortex thin, be difficult to that separately operation easier is large with xylem and tough, scion spore bud is little, and also easily dehydration is dead.Also utilize grafting technology, because the branch stem marrow of stock or scion is hollow form, particularly the stem Duan Yi near incision loses vigor, and it is dead that atrophy occurs, and brings difficulty to the grafting operation, and survival rate is very low.
Although; people expect to cultivate woody honeysuckle in production practices; to reaching the purpose of convenient management and raising output, quality, still, honeysuckle belongs to liana class plant; the congenital unconspicuous characteristic of trunk diameter growth that exists; not only pruning shortcoming repeatedly is obvious, and traditional grafting operation fails to take into full account the morphosis characteristics of stock, scion, the inadequate standard of technology; effect is also undesirable, can't scale be applied in production.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose that a kind of high position grafting is cultivated the technology of woody honeysuckle nursery stock is by graft technology, makes woodyization of honeysuckle plant of liana, becomes and can either get bumper crops, be convenient to again management, also have a limb tall and straight, slim and graceful, elegant in appearance, become excellent ornamental plants.
More particularly the present invention is the liane honeysuckle branch high-quality, and high position grafting and makes two part healing growths to the upright stem of arbor and bush plants Lonicera syringantha Maxim, reconstitutes complete, an obvious woody honeysuckle assembly plant of stem.
The present invention is achieved in that
The feature that a kind of high position grafting is cultivated the technological invention of woody honeysuckle nursery stock is: 1. the stock that adopts safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii work and honeysuckle grafting; 2. high position grafting; 3. the life of the lifeline of stock and scion joint is the square crossing coincidence status during grafting; 4. select degree of lignification high, hollow little honeysuckle branch is done scion; 5. scion protects bud stem length greater than 5cm.The present invention includes following steps: selection and the cutting of (1) stock; (2) selection of scion and cutting; (3) scion insertion stock and bondage, sealing; (4) management of grafting.
(1) selection of stock and cutting
Stock is used for bearing the plant of scion when referring to the woody honeysuckle nursery stock of high position grafting breeding, is the Life Base of honeysuckle grafting.It is a live plant of growing with growth organs such as root, stem, leaves from botany, play fixing, support scion and with the scion healing after form plant strain growth, branch, the basic plant corpus of the physiological activity such as bloom.
The kind of a, stock is selected
The honeysuckle high position grafting is grown seedlings, and to value most be exactly the good woody proterties of stock and good vitality, therefore the selection of the kind of stock and cultivation are the important contents of whole graft seedling growth, are also the power places that can change honeysuckle growth characteristics and the activity in production that improves quality that people can value.
Grow seedlings to the selection requirement of stock according to high position grafting, by operating operation test exploration repeatedly, on the basis of the pluses and minuses of more multiple stock variety, it is to use a mutation safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii of Flos Lonicerae maackii (Amur honeysuckle) as stock that the best kind of the present invention is selected.Selecting the safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii is a quantum jump of honeysuckle graft seedling growth as stock, is the selecting properly that development honeysuckle scale high position grafting is grown seedlings and produced.
Safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii (latin name: Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. var. erubescens (Rehder) Q. E. Yang, Landrein, Borosova ﹠amp; J. be Osborne) Flos Lonicerae maackii (latin name: mutation Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim.).
Morphological feature: often be born in the hillside, for fallen leaves property dungarunga, grow thickly into the shrub shape, 6 meters of Gao Keda.Sprig hollow, single leaf are to life, and leaf is ovum shape ellipse to lanceolar, and tip is point gradually, the thin pubescence of giving birth in leaf two sides, and corolla, bractlet and spire all are with lilac red.Spend paired armpit to give birth to, two lip corollas, corolla and little bud version lilac red.Berry is spherical, kermesinus.5～June of florescence, 8～October of fructescence.
The place of production and distribution: originate in Northeast China, North China, northwest and Central-South all provinces, Far-east Area of Russia, the Korea peninsula, Japan also have, main product Gansu, Jiangsu (Nanjing, Jiangpu, Jurong), Anhui (Lang Ya mountain, Chuxian county) and Henan (Mt Jigong).
Major advantage is:
The one, the tall filling property of safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii is outstanding, meets the upright high bar character requirement of cultivating the capable flower of woody gold and silver.The safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii belongs to defoliation small arbor, its mobile jib proterties is obvious, annual mobile jib height can reach 2 meters, stem and slightly reach more than 1 centimetre, degree of lignification is high, meet the operating technology requirement of grafting of tender branch and the grafting of old branch, grafting is carried out being chosen on stem, carries out high position grafting, and grafting height is 80-150 centimetre and is advisable.
The 2nd, safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii and scion affiliation are near, and compatibility is strong, and graft survival rate is high.Safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii and honeysuckle belong to Caprifoliaceae Lonicera class plant together, at aspects such as biology, physiology, biochemistry, obvious Characterization is arranged, during grafting, both sides easily accept mutually, easily survive, and test shows that its graft survival rate can reach more than 90% under good operating environment condition.
The 3rd, the safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii is easily bred, and fast growth meets the fast seedling raising requirement.The safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii can be used seminal propagation as stock, also available cottage propagation, and control measures are fairly simple, and its proliferative speed is higher than honeysuckle and Amur honeysuckle.
The 4th, safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii well developed root system, resistance, strong adaptability.Annual safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii shoot root is that amount of growth is more than 5 times of honeysuckle and Amur honeysuckle, the cauline leaf amount of growth is also apparently higher than honeysuckle and Amur honeysuckle, be adapted to various soil and environmental condition, meet especially the cultivation in hillside and knob, consistent with the honeysuckle cultivation condition.The proterties such as its drought resistance, cold resistance, disease and insect resistance obviously are superior to honeysuckle and Amur honeysuckle, all are applicable to the greening seedling production requirement of growing into forest fast from south to north.
The 5th, produce growing-seedling period short.Safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii fast growth, degree of lignification is high, and living nursery stock just can be used as the grafting anvil then, according to the production procedure of normally growing seedlings, suitably selects the semi-lignified seedling of 2 years living lignifications or life in 1 year all to can be used for the propagation by grafiting anvil.
The cutting of b, stock
Cut qualified stock 16 physique structures (as shown in Figure 2) as follows:
To sprouting 9: stock otch 8 places keep to one group to giving birth to axillalry bud, be the witness marker of stock otch 8.
Lifeline 10: according to the requirement for height of graft seedling growth apart from ground, determined near the ground vertical range to sprouting or the line (otherwise this line vertical range overhead is exactly the height of grafting) of tight knot base portion to giving birth to branch.It is the basis of guiding stock and scion healing, and the fixed support scion, guiding scion sprout growth.The life joint 5 of stock lifeline 10 and scion during the grafting operation substantially is square crossing and overlaps shape, is the basic fundamental requirement of high position grafting operation.
Otch 8: according to the requirement of grafting height, cutting when cutting stock, disconnecting the otch of the above part in stock lifeline 10 tops.Otch 8 is pruned quality has important impact to graft survival rate.The straight line position of otch 8 is positioned at lifeline 10 tops; and two couple who just is retained in this position is sprouted or not cut to giving birth to the branch growth base portion; be that internode is organized and still had normal vigor, stock is to sprouting or existing the fusion to keeping scion and stock binding site moisture and nutrition supply and callus that important facilitation is arranged to giving birth to the vigor of organizing between minor matters.Herein to sprouting or tightly being wrapped in grafting bondage material the inside to giving birth to a branch base portion.Disconnect incision operation and should grasp three key technology points: the one, height and rugosity definite.Apart from ground level, will take into account the existence of lifeline according to the needs determine of growing seedlings when determining height, be therefore relative, error approximately have one to two interval from.Grafting is carried out on stem, carries out high position grafting, and cutting-height is controlled at apart from ground 80-150 centimeters, and the thick diameter of stem is more than 0.5 centimetre.The 2nd, the determining of position.Slightly go up the position in lifeline 10 and disconnect, incision tissue enriches herein, has weakened the grafting difficulty that produces because of hollow marrow.The 3rd, the reservation of internode tissue.Cut when cutting stock sprouting and the base portion reservation degree of giving birth to branch being held wanted suitably, to sprouting or not being destroyed to giving birth to a basal internode institutional framework that is connected with stipes, the internode tissue that intactly keeps lifeline 10, other parts all will be pruned, and are trimmed to a cylinder with the identical thickness of stem.
Stem 11: be that lifeline 10 is to the vertical range on ground.Stem 11 is generally smooth upright stalk section, and the needs of sometimes viewing and admiring nursery stock because of cultivation are manually turned round branch, coiling to prick is differently curved shape, and height is controlled with lifeline 10 to the vertical range on ground, generally is advisable with 80～150 centimetres.Stem 11 is that we cultivate one of stock growth superiority that grafting values most, it is the major organs that graft seedling growth need to be preserved and play a role, the support of scion and stock symbiosis and the passage that nutriment transports, so the selecting properly of stem 11 is the important symbols that improve the grafting seedling quality.Stem 11 should be cultivated according to different nursery stock production needs, if should cultivate into erect type to receive flower as purpose, as can manually coercing into various moulding by turning round the means of different such as branch, the bundle of coiling to view and admire as purpose.The outstanding feature that stem 11 is cultivated: the one, quality will be got well, sturdy enriching; The 2nd, highly want suitably, generally not to be advisable higher than 2 meters; The 3rd, it is beautiful that shape is wanted, and can manually coerce moulding.
Extend to root 12: complete stock is the connector of stem 11 and root, is the provider of grafting growth moisture, nutrition.
(2) selection of scion and cutting
A, scion are selected.Mainly comprise two aspects of improved seeds and strong branch selection:
Kind is selected.The honeysuckle of suitable grafting is wide in variety, should be in optimized selection in conjunction with need of production and growing environment.The one, shank flower class, branches and tendrils are short, and bouquet is concentrated, and is easy to management; The 2nd, large hair flower class, branches and tendrils are long, and floricome is large, is easy to cultivate Waterfall type tree type; The 3rd, wild type, branches and tendrils are elongated, peony, flower has indivedual red for anomaly, and the flower arteries and veins also has blue person; The 4th, honeysuckle flower class total bennet in mountain is assembled cluster, opening person's corolla lobe, and not as good as total length partly, matter is slightly hard, and it is slightly flexible that hand is pinched.Spend class and mountain honeysuckle flower class as the cultivation multiselect of picking flowers with shank flower class, large hair, view and admire the greening multiselect as road and spend class and wild type with large hair; Rainwater many high humidities in south should be selected the mountain honeysuckle flower, and the northern cold cool-drying should be selected honeysuckle.
Branch is selected.Should select stalwartness in improved seeds, do the scion maternal plant without the plant of damage by disease and insect, can be current-year branch, can be also biennial branch.In order to improve graft survival rate and seedling quality, should choose that on maternal plant, growth potential well, particularly degree of lignification is higher, marrow hollow little, freshly enrich, with full to sprout young age branch in, the bottom brachyplast cooked scion.The quality of branch quality directly affects graft survival rate.
The cutting of b, scion
One undercut is cut qualified honeysuckle scion 14 its grown form architectural features (as shown in Figure 1) and is comprised following a few part:
Sealing part 1: the place of finger fringe upper cut 2 use paraffin or the sealing of other material in case the scion germ is invaded and wind is dried out, shields.
Protect bud stem 3: scion upper cut 2 is long to one section stem of life bud 4.Generally will stay length as far as possible, preferably be not less than 5 centimetres, sprouting has important protection and facilitation to the life bud to protect the bud stem.Its mechanism of action is: the one, and photosynthesis and the nutrition of self preserving, the moisture etc. of bud stem 3 are protected in the utilization of healing early growth period, and part is supplied with the needs that life bud 4 is sprouted from the top down, promotes that the life blastogenesis is long; The 2nd, because of the consumption of nutrition and moisture, or bacteria infection, to protect bud stem 3 and from upper cut 2, atrophy death occurs downwards gradually, dead distance is general more than 3～5 centimetres, and close to life bud 4 gradually.If distance is too small, can directly affect the sprouting of life bud 4, even may directly cause 4 death of life bud.The general bud stem 3 that protects more than 5 centimetres can fall 30 days left and right time in death, and life bud 4 is beginning germination and growth about 15 days after grafting.This is also generally will keep otch to reserving bud, the reason of one fixed length distance to be arranged during the honeysuckle cultivation is pruned, if the otch hypotelorism tends to cause reserving bud death.
The life bud 4(also claim to reserve bud): one group that keeps on honeysuckle scion branch to sprout (may be to contain the rudiment branch should cut off sometimes).The germination and growth of life bud 4 is the sources that consist of the formed planting object ground branch of grafting and blade system.
Life joint 5: the joint of giving birth to life bud or rudiment branch, contain the gemma of growth.It is the important cradle of grafting apical growth growth from now on.The life joint 5 of scion during the grafting operation and the lifeline 10 of stock should be square crossing and overlap shape, are one of key technologies of grafting operation.
Engage stem 6: scion life bud 4 is long to one section stem of lower cut 7.Engage stem 6 and directly be inserted in stock longitudinal incision 13 after cutting shaping by cutting, the cambial callus of scion and stock is combined, thereby recombine into a new organic plant body, play the connector effect of forming a connecting link.
(3) the standardized operation technical key point of high position grafting
A, grafting time are selected
Definite principle of high position grafting time is: turn round and look at head and see tail, grasp flexibly.The one, with reference to the phenophase of honeysuckle growth, for well, this moment, physiologically active of plant was strong with branch and sprout growth the most prosperous period, and the generation of nutriment and transportation are abundant active, and callus forms soon, and survival rate is high, showed as " Gu "; The 2nd, after grafting survival, natural climate condition should guarantee that rudiment has one section growth time, and nascent rudiment branch growth amount can be reached more than 30 centimetres, shows as " seeing tail "; The 3rd, grasp flexibly concrete grafting time, because time, region difference have larger difference.
Definite method of concrete time of high position grafting.Except resting stage is difficult for grafting, but as long as the whole season of growth of honeysuckle is the suitable all graftings of condition.The honeysuckle high position grafting is again take spring and two seasons grafting in autumn as main, especially with mid-March～mid-April and mid-August～mid-September for well.
If outdoor grafting should select plum rains or many overcast and rainy seasons (generally go up the spring and autumn rainwater also more), air humidity is large, soil moisture content is good, survival rate is higher.If carry out grafting in the booth inside with the condition of necessarily covering, but all graftings from the mid-March to the late September, and as long as management condition is caught up with relatively, survival rate is higher.
B, high position grafting standardized operation technical key point
High position grafting is cultivated woody honeysuckle operating process (as shown in Figure 7) and is mainly comprised: cut scion 21, cut stock 19, grafting fringe 15, bondage 17 and seal 18 several committed steps, rebuild at last new woody honeysuckle grafting 20.
Cut scion 21.Method (as shown in Figure 3): be parallel to life bud 4 or rudiment branch line positive and negative and be whittled into equal-sized smooth bevel and become del, the del upper base coincides with life bud 4 or rudiment branch line, the growth blade should be removed, the rudiment branch also should cut off in this way, and between life bud 4 or rudiment minor matters, tissue should intact reservation.
Cut stock 19.Method (as shown in Figure 4): with stock overhead 0.8～1.5 meter of height (this height can arrange as required) cut off along lifeline 10 tops, lifeline 10 internode tissues are answered intact reservation, also should cut off and repair minor matters with stock rugosity identical (being mainly to be convenient to bondage) if any side shoot, while is one longitudinal incision 13 along lifeline 10 vertical direction to incision, and its width and the degree of depth are suitable with the scion bevel.
Grafting fringe 15.Method (as shown in Figure 5): will cut scion 21 insertions and cut in stock 19 longitudinal incisions 13.Technical essential must accomplish that two are coincide: the one, and make the lifeline 10 of the life joint 5 of scion and stock be cruciform shape and match (both are all near minor matters), be the key of raising survival rate.This high position grafting junction is selected not only to be conducive to the nutrition gathering and is produced callus, and after both joints, minor matters near also more firm, are easy to resist the risk that fractures because of wind relatively.The 2nd, the formation layer that the makes scion formation layer of one side and stock at least matches, and survives to guarantee scion.
Grafting 20: by completing of a series of high position grafting operating technologies, finally formed a new woody honeysuckle grafting.
C, high position grafting operation notice
The one, it is fast that operation is wanted, and it is longer that bevel is exposed to the airborne time, and easier oxidation stain and affect the meristematic tissue division is lowered into motility rate; The 2nd, scion and stock binding site are wanted tighten, make both form layer and combine closely, and promote to survive; The 3rd, to keep good temperature condition after grafting, select the ambient temperature conditions of 25～30 ℃ to be conducive to the formation of callus; The 4th, must note the moisturizing of binding site after grafting in 15 days, prevent that scion is withered dead.Its main method is tightly to wrap up the junction, increase air humidity, keep stock soil for growth humidity, reduce wind speed etc. with the grafting plastic strip.
(4) grafting management
The stage of a, grafting growth
Grafting growth experience: false work, fusion, symbiosis three phases.It is a meticulous technical activity that the honeysuckle high position grafting is grown seedlings, and only has that each stage management work is mutual harmoniously could cultivate grafting plant.Graft seedling growth next year can be transplanted in the land for growing field crops.
After the honeysuckle high position grafting, in about 15 days, scion utilizes idiotrophic and moisture to begin sprout growth, sometimes shows vigorous growth, vacation occurs and appears vividly and resemble, and the management main points in this stage are correct guiding, guarantee vigor; After the 15th day, scion and stock callus begin to merge, and enter slow vegetative period, and the management main points in this stage are stable docking, natural transition; After one month, both engage the symbiont that formation utilizes each other fully, thereby are built into a new plant corpus, and enter normal growth period, and these stage management main points are to promote growth, rationally shaping.
The main method of b, stage management and Adopts measure:
The management in the false stage of living is the critical stage of guaranteeing grafting survival.Administrative purposes are: keep the vigor of scion and stock, promote callus to produce.Organize content is: conscientiously carry out control and the adjusting of light, temperature, wind, humidity.The management concrete measure: the one, note sheltering from heat or light, avoid sunlight directly to shine and cause branch withered; The 2nd, the nursery surrounding arranges air partition, avoids large wind to shake branch and dehydration; The 3rd, prevent from drenching with rain and keep that microclimate is moistening on every side.The soil drought of being strictly on guard against stock growth, should water keeps gentle, surrounding environment and the ground increase air humidity of also can spraying water.The 4th, in situation with good conditionsi, temperature should remain in 25～30 ℃ of scopes as well, if grafting high temperature occurs and can adopt the blower fan cascade to lower the temperature in booth; The 5th, the stock bud picking.After stock was pruned, its root and internode easily produced rudiment, carried out " breeding " guiding except keeping a small amount of rudiment in stipes top, intensified the stock vigor, prevented that stock from occurring outside dormancy because of a large amount of the pruning, and other rudiments will in time be erased after finding.
The management of fusing stage is the management critical stage of forming a connecting link.The purpose of management is: promote the fusion of stock and scion junction callus, form unified fibrovascular system.The content of management is: strengthen moisture and control and nutrition supply, attach most importance to build the up and down nutrition of plant assembly and moisture unfavourable balance.Major measure is: the one, and water management mainly keeps the ground moistening of stock growth, and the reduction air humidity of suitably ventilating, and forms moisture unfavourable balance from high to low from top to bottom; The 2nd, Nutrition Management is mainly to scion rudiment foliar applied fertilizer or growth promoter, forms nutrient height unfavourable balance from the top down.Foliar application is take nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium mixed liquor or multi-component composite fertilizer as main.Concentration is that 0.1% urea adds 0.1% superphosphate and adds 0.2% potassium sulphate and add 0.3% borax mixed liquor, or spray with concentration 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, growth promoter such as green enjoying than manying 5000～6000 times of liquid of receipts or rain spring No. 1 1.8% aqua spray, spray the time with before at 10 in the morning and at 4 in afternoon afterwards for well, every spray in 7-10 days once, even spray 2 times and get final product; The 3rd, suitably increase illumination, promote scion rudiment photosynthesis; The 4th, the bud picking defloration, rudiments all on stock all will be erased, and also should directly extract if bud appears in the top scion.
The management in symbiosis stage is the critical stage of cultivating strong sprout.The purpose of management is: promote growth, rationally shaping.The content of management is: wide-open self-sow environment, strengthen liquid manure supply and disease pest and weed control, and the pinching shaping promotes the lateral bud growth.Major measure is: the water management of an alternation of wetting and drying, be conducive to promote Root growth, and strengthen drought-resistant ability; The 2nd, to topdress, cooperation is watered, and take N, P, K composite fertilizer as main, concentration is 2% molten liquid irrigating root, fills with once every 15 days, is conducive to shoot maturation and safe overwintering; The control of three L's disease pest and weed is with reference to honeysuckle field production general administration skill; The 4th, the pinching shaping.Pinching promotes the branch group to form.A large amount of branches of honeysuckle scion germinating consist of the branch group, consist of good high yield tree crown by the rational space structure of branch group, thereby finally reach the purpose of cultivation " woody honeysuckle ".After grafting survival, the characteristics of utilizing honeysuckle several times a year to grow should in time repeatedly be carried out pinching, short its rapid shaping.Method of operating is: sprout when the honeysuckle scion and want timely pinching when branch grows to 30 centimetres of left and right, impel the sprouting Secondary Branch to divide, enlarge tree crown, and according to rudiment branch growth situation, pinching repeatedly, in order to form as early as possible the branch group, generally do not advocate pruning (wound is subject to freeze injury) winter, other is with honeysuckle Common Cultivation management pruning technique.
The in good time releasing of d, bondage thing
The bondage thing comprises parcel plastic strip and binding two parts, and its in good time releasing is also graft seedling growth management important content, to improving plant percent and quality, very important effect is arranged.Be unfavorable for that too early grafting survives, cross impact growth late.Will remove the bondage thing after general grafting survival when shoot grows to 50 centimetres of left and right, otherwise can strangle out contriction at joint, the impact growth is even broken by windbreak.
Also can remove the bondage thing according to the grafting growth time in good time.After 60 days, along with the growth of grafting, the bondage thing can produce inhibition greatly in grafting, at this moment can first remove binding material (removing of Grafting clip chucking gets final product in this way), and then etc. approximately a period of time about 30 days is removed the parcel plastic strip again.The bondage thing is not generally removed in the grafting in autumn then, until bondage thing two parts are together removed again during Second Year sprout growth in spring.
The bondage thing has certain protection joint callus to exempt from the effect of freeze injury winter.Grafting generally next year moves into field production, survive the winter at nursery lot, therefore in order to prevent the impact of winter low temperature freeze injury, no matter be the grafting of implementing in spring or autumn, as long as little to growth effect, ordinary circumstance is not advocated then and is removed the bondage thing, until Second Year begins to be removed according to the growth concrete condition after growth spring again.
Remove the method for bondage thing, available sharp knife cuts open a side and gets final product.
Beneficial effect:
The woody honeysuckle nursery stock advantage of high position grafting cultivation is very outstanding:
Space advantage meets people and expects the breed improvement purpose.Qiao that grafting takes full advantage of the stock trunk diameter growth fills with characteristic, honeysuckle is wound around sprawl growth by the level land " chooses height " and turns to three-dimensional growth, not only keep the good growth characteristics of maternal honeysuckle, and be conducive to build good high yield tree structure, given full play to the grafting growth vigor.Good space structure also is conducive to the cultivation management operation, as facilitates pruning, and fertilizing, watering is strengthened ventilation and penetrating light, subtracts the harm of disease Chinese caterpillar fungus, convenient harvesting etc.
The resistance advantage meets the environmental development needs that the honeysuckle cultivation is produced.The stock root system is powerful, fast growth, and main root is flourishing, and transplanting survival rate is high, shows the drought resistance stronger than honeysuckle; Various soil are also shown good adaptability, anti-fertilizer, cold-resistant, barren-resistant, acidity or salt affected soil all can be grown, and wide adaptability is not tight to the soil requirement, should cultivate under various land occupation conditions; Vitality is strong, and the damage by disease and insect resistance is obviously strengthened.
Fast numerous advantage meets the specification requirement of honeysuckle low cost, fast seedling raising.The one, the graft technology method is reliable, and applicability is strong.Any seedling-cultivating method, even have certain advantage, if operation easier is large, requirement condition is very high, general producer-consumer is difficult to grasp, the person also is difficult to promote open aborning, and the method that present technique adopts is not only easy and simple to handle, and survival rate can reach more than 90%, be fit to very much the requirement of industrialized scale honeysuckle high position grafting Qiaoization seedling growing process, also be suitable for general peasant household from numerous personal nursery stock production specification requirement, so have promotional value; The 2nd, stock is drawn materials conveniently, can breed by modes such as the cuttage of old branch, epicormic branch cuttage, sowings, and reproduction coefficient is high, and fast growth is generally given birth to then seedling and namely be can be used as the grafting anvil, for scale breeding provides strong support; The 3rd, graft seedling growth then, Second Year namely can be used for being transplanted to the land for growing field crops, and seedling raise period is short.
The volume increase advantage meets people and improves the productivity requirement of receiving flower output and quality.The one, because tall this proterties of woody honeysuckle is obvious, can suitably increase planting density; The 2nd, convenient owing to pruning, can increase pruning rate after every batch of flower results, impel and bloom more, particularly the regrowth hair increase yield significantly; The 3rd, be convenient to shaping, ventilation and penetrating light is good, improves and receives the flower quality, and floricome thousand kernel weight obviously increases, and reduces the rate inferior of near-earth bud; The 4th, bloom ahead of time, be conducive to increase early yield, the honeysuckle cultivation is produced in grafting can enter high yield period after 2 years, and minimum need of conventional cultivation 3～5 years; The 5th, the periphery is spent many, and interior thorax is spent few, quality better.
Cost advantage, economic benefit is high, meets the economic interests requirement of the low-cost booming income of people.The one, the artificial grafting speed height in growing seedlings for each person every day can be more than 300 strains of grafting nursery stock, if container nursery grafting speed is more more than Gao Keda 500 strains; The 2nd, administrative expenses are lower, and a nursery of producing 20000 strain graftings per year comprises the circulation patterns of 20,000 strain rootstock seedlings and 20,000 strain graftings only needing people's management.
Resources advantage meets the grafting custom that people conveniently draw materials on the spot.Stock all has wild distribution in China's most area, and the zone is extensive, aboundresources, and grafting becomes efficient traditional Chinese medicine honeysuckle cultivation on the spot, meets the need of market, and improves resource utilization.
Technical advantage meets the graft seedling growth know-why and has novelty.Present technique has been carried out conscientious analysis to the selection of stock, morphosis to stock and scion has carried out careful description, the graft technology key points for operation have been carried out setting forth clearly, the grafting management has been proposed concrete grammar and explicitly called for, had science, practicality, operability.Present technique not only has directive significance to cultivating the honeysuckle grafting, also will exert an influence to improving the graft seedling growth technical system.
Description of drawings is as follows:
Fig. 1: scion morphosis
Fig. 2: stock morphosis
Fig. 3: cut scion
Fig. 4: cut stock
Fig. 5: grafting fringe
Fig. 6: bondage
Fig. 7: grafting operating process
In figure: sealing part 1, upper cut 2, protect bud stem 3, life bud 4, life joint 5, engage stem 6, lower cut 7, otch 8, to sprouting 9, lifeline 10, stem 11, extending to root 12, longitudinal incision 13, scion 14, grafting fringe 15, stock 16, bondage 17, sealing 18, cut stock 19, grafting 20, cut scion 21.
Claims (5)
1. the technology that high position grafting is cultivated woody honeysuckle nursery stock, is characterized in that: the stock of (1) employing safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii work and honeysuckle grafting; (2) high position grafting; (3) life of the lifeline of stock and scion joint is the square crossing coincidence status during grafting; (4) select degree of lignification high, hollow little honeysuckle branch is done scion; (5) scion protects bud stem length greater than 5cm; The present invention includes following steps: selection and the cutting of (1) stock; (2) selection of scion and cutting; (3) scion insertion stock and bondage, sealing; (4) management of grafting.
2. method described according to right 1, it is characterized in that, the selection of described step (1) stock and the way of cutting are: select good safflower Flos Lonicerae maackii as stock, grafting is carried out on stem, carry out high position grafting, chosen distance ground 80-150 centimetre according to actual needs of grafting height, cutting stock should have the morphosis of lifeline, upper cut, longitudinal incision and suitable height stem.
3. method described according to right 1, it is characterized in that, the selection of described step (2) scion and cut way and be: select degree of lignification high, hollow little honeysuckle branch is done scion, the bud stem length of protecting of scion is greater than 5cm, cuts that scion should have upper lower cut, protects the bud stem, life bud, life joint and two-sided cutting sth. askew engage the morphosis of stem.
4. method described according to right 1, it is characterized in that, stock and bondage are inserted in described step (3) scion, the sealing way is: make the life joint of scion be cruciform shape with the lifeline of stock and be connected, the basic coincidence, the formation layer of scion have at least one side to paste mutually with the formation layer of stock; Stock and scion closely are close to the tight parcel of wound with plastic strip; The scion upper cut can use grafting Wound-healing agent or paraffin sealing.
5. method described according to right 1, is characterized in that, the management way of described step (4) grafting is: the false stage of living will be carried out shading, windproof, moisturizing, and keeps preference temperature 25～30 ℃ of scopes; Fusing stage is mainly carried out and is kept moisture and nutrition supply, suitably increases illumination, the work of in time erase stock lateral bud and scion bud; The symbiosis stage will be carried out the rational application of fertilizer, pruning, prevention and elimination of disease and pests and remove the work of bondage thing in good time.
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| CN104604542A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-05-13 | 徐德衡 | Cultivation method for honeysuckle in cold area |
| CN105075683A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-11-25 | 建水县浩野农林产业有限公司 | Dodonaea-viscosa-stock sapindus mukorossi grafting cultivation method |
| CN105210634A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-06 | 广西乐业荣丰中药材科技有限责任公司 | A kind of honeysuckle implantation methods |
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| CN106489647A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-15 | 慈溪市林特技术推广中心 | Fructus Myricae rubrae branch prunes maintenance process |
| CN107306747A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-03 | 山西农业大学 | The method that tasselled honeysuckle is cultivated based on Amur honeysuckle grafting honeysuckle and lonicera hypoglauca miq |
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| CN103416231A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-04 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | Method for grafting wintercreeper with euonymus bungeanus |
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| CN105075683A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-11-25 | 建水县浩野农林产业有限公司 | Dodonaea-viscosa-stock sapindus mukorossi grafting cultivation method |
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| CN105794453A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-07-27 | 宜都市恒顺金银花专业合作社 | Honeysuckle shaping trimming method |
| CN105900703A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-08-31 | 江苏东珠景观股份有限公司 | Method for grafting honeysuckle to ligustrum quihoui |
| CN106489647A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-15 | 慈溪市林特技术推广中心 | Fructus Myricae rubrae branch prunes maintenance process |
| CN106489647B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2019-03-05 | 慈溪市林特技术推广中心 | Red bayberry branch trims maintenance process |
| CN107306747A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-03 | 山西农业大学 | The method that tasselled honeysuckle is cultivated based on Amur honeysuckle grafting honeysuckle and lonicera hypoglauca miq |
| CN110786158A (en) * | 2019-04-20 | 2020-02-14 | 福建省龙岩市林业种苗站 | Rice raft grafting method |
| CN112930903A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-06-11 | 高章波 | Honeysuckle grafting method |
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