CN101507401A - Green-house high-density smooth-skinned peach cultivation method without trunk, multi-layer axial shoot, side shoot - Google Patents
Green-house high-density smooth-skinned peach cultivation method without trunk, multi-layer axial shoot, side shoot Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-no one-high method for cultivating nectarines in a greenhouse, which is a method for cultivating nectarine trees which have no trunk, no multi-layer boughs, no side branches at high planting density, namely, the trees are cultivated to grow only boughs with no truck, no multi-layer boughs, no side branches, the boughs grows into fruit branches directly, the whole trees are in a fish-bone sector shape, and the planting density that the row spacing is 1.6 to 2.8 meters and the planting spacing is 0.75 meter. The cultivation method makes full use of sun light for photosynthesis together with the sufficient nutrients supplied to the nectarine trees by the soil and reduces the nutrient consumed by the nectarine trees for growth and respiration, thereby reducing the time for fruit bearing, improving the fruit output, enhancing the appearance of the fruit and facilitating the management of the fruit trees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop cultivation methods, be specifically related to a kind of booth high-density smooth-skinned peach cultivation method without trunk, multi-layer axial shoot, side shoot.
Background technology
At present, along with the adjustment of agricultural structure, advocate the development high-efficiency agriculture, the advanced culture technique of economic crops is the effective way that realizes that the agricultural income is doubled, and the booth nectarine is one of them.Conventional nectarine cultivation method should form trunk, forms the multilayer major branch again, also will form some side shoots, must need 3-4 just can cover with ground, and 5-6 could have a good harvest, and the result is slow; Conventional tree-like leaf curtain is overlapping, is in the light up and down, and light can not penetrate, and the thorax result is few in must causing, and yields poorly; Routine is tree-like sees that light is insufficient, and the top fruit is little, and major branch fruit backlight is poor, and malformed fruit is many, and commodity rate is low; Conventional tree-like tree height is big, and tree the space is very little down, the people can not walk upright under tree, more can not use mechanical work, training, pollination, vegetables and fruits, controls worm, plucks and must climb to tree and go up management, management is extremely inconvenient.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: a kind of booth high-density smooth-skinned peach cultivation method without trunk, multi-layer axial shoot, side shoot is provided, this cultivation method makes full use of sunlight and carries out photosynthesis, provide prescribing adequate nutrition in conjunction with the soil to nectarine tree, and farthest reduce the peach growth and breathe the nutrient consumption of waste, thereby shorten the time as a result, improve result quantities, strengthen fruit quality and sense organ, make things convenient for fruit tree management.
Technical solution of the present invention is: " three none height " cultivation method, be exactly that the tree-like dereliction of nectarine is done, the cultivation method of no multilayer major branch, no side shoot, high-density planting, cultivate into no trunk, no multilayer major branch, no side shoot and have only major branch tree-like exactly, major branch direct growth fruit branch, it is whole that tree-like to be the fishbone shape fan-shaped, planting density is a line-spacing 1.6-2.8 rice, 0.75 meter of spacing in the rows.
" three none height " of the present invention cultivation method specifically may further comprise the steps:
1, canopy is built in addressing, select to irritate the fertile soil that can arrange, by grow 100 meters, wide about 7 meters, high 2.3 meters build plastic tunnel, 1.2 meters of canopy spacings;
2, use sufficient base manure, every mu of organic fertilizer 10000kg, superphosphate 100kg evenly are laid on the furrow face, with machinery or manually to plough deeply rake even, reach loam and mix;
3, whole furrow dig the pool, every canopy 4 row of planting, and 0.75 meter of spacing in the rows is divided into 4 furrow, and by the spacing in the rows Wa Shu pool, the tree side of a pond is long and be 0.5 meter deeply respectively on the furrow face;
4, select the seedling field planting, the annual nectarine seedling of primary election in January, peach seedling grafting mouth more than 10 centimetres secateurs remove, the field planting after 4 hours with carbendazim or the immersion of thiophanate methyl soup, the field planting degree of depth is a ground flat sapling candlestick chart, fills out ground surface soil earlier, after fill out deep soil, water sufficient water after treading, build big film, two films, three films and mulch film;
5, the temperature adjustment control is wet, temperature of shed is controlled at about 22-28 ℃ of daytime, about 5-10 ℃ of night after the field planting of peach seedling, peach shoot root portion soil conservation humidity, can be agglomerating to hold, unclamping to scatter is advisable, humidity is controlled at 55-65% in the canopy, in time opens canopy when temperature of shed reaches more than 25 ℃ and leaks informaton when daytime, and the outer nocturnal temperature of canopy can be not related to canopy when being stabilized in more than 12 ℃;
6, cultivate major branch, when sapling sends forth branches length when reaching more than 0.3 meter, select and remain a stalwartness, no damage by disease and insect, not damaged shoot and cultivate into major branch, other all branch erase alls;
7, the fruit branch of selecting and remain when the fruit branch that grows on the major branch reaches more than 0.35 meter, stays 0.2-0.3 rice, and all the other cut off, and removes prosperous branch, weak branch, sick branch, the healthy and strong fruit branch 25-35 bar of selecting and remain, and it is tree-like to reach " three do not have ", does not promptly have trunk, no multilayer major branch, no side shoot;
8, remove the canopy film, mid-April, climate warming, temperature of shed progressively raises, and two films, three films and mulch film can progressively be removed; Mid-May, horticultural covering film to be removed, nectarine tree becomes the open country self-sow by growth in the canopy, all removes film in this phase every year later on;
9, branch is drawn in shaping, when nectarine tree during up to 1.5-1.6 rice shaping draw branch, be about to nectarine tree and pull into 55 ° of one 65 ° of angles by in the middle of two side direction along the booth direction, draw branch with little timber bolt plastic ties, or fixedly draw branch with the bamboo pole bondage; When the height of tree reaches 2.0 meters, cut off the major branch master and bind slightly;
10, in time topdress, topdress mid-May for the first time, and every mu with carbon ammonium 100kg or urea 40kg, and Yi Shuichong executes; Topdress mid-June for the second time, and fertilizer is identical with the first time with method; Early September topdresses for the third time, and every mu imposes potassium sulphate 60kg, waters after the ditch spread, and dressing furrow must be 50 centimeters away from trunk more than; Early October topdresses for the 4th time, still takes ditch spread, and method is with for the third time;
11, fall stain and keep a full stand of seedings, enter 7,8, September, strong wind and heavy rain is frequent, fall stain and keep a full stand of seedings, and will in time set upright ridging after being blown down by strong wind and reinforcing, and the reason thorough cut is timely draining, and ponding must not be above 24 hours in the peach garden;
12, insect pests, the overall process of nectarine tree growth is all wanted insect pests, and main disease has shot hole, shothole disease, available lime sulfur, thiophanate methyl, mancozeb control; Main insect pest has two spotted spider mite, leaf miner, black peach aphid, available acephatemet, Avermectin, Imidacloprid control; Damage by disease and insect should be relied mainly on prevention, and controls early, controls little;
13, grasp dormancy, nectarine tree enters necessary dormancy in winter, and not dormancy is the result normally, and according to different strict grasps of peach variety chilling requirement, resting stage does not finish to go up film and heats;
14, go up film and heat, to about December 20, when low temperature reached chilling requirement below 7.2 ℃, nectarine tree had satisfied dormancy, and can go up film and heat this moment, later on every year all on late December film heat; Booth first three day of heating up was advisable with 2-5 ℃ of 12-15 ℃ of daytime, night, and increase by 1-2 ℃ later every day, was retained to until 8 ℃ of 25 ℃ of daytimes, night and bloomed; Duration of flowering, day temperature keep 18-20 ℃, nocturnal temperature to keep 5-8 ℃, between fruiting period, keep 8-12 ℃ of 25-28 ℃, nocturnal temperature daytime;
15, artificial pollination, to next year by the end of January to mid-February, nectarine tree enters flowering stage, the booth nectarine must carry out artificial pollination, pollination is moving in the spray rollback that comes up with feather duster, and be best opportunity up at 3 o'clock in afternoon the fine morning 10, and every tree pollinated 4-6 time at the florescence;
16, fruit thinning surely really when nectarine length is big or small to soybean grain, should carry out the fruit thinning first time, and long fruit branch stays 4-5 of fruits, and medium fruit branch stays really 3-4, and fruit spur stays really 23; When nectarine length is big or small to almond, should carry out the fruit thinning second time, just fixed fruit, long fruit branch stays really 3-4, and medium fruit branch stays 2-3 of fruits, and fruit spur stays really 1-2; Every tree root is according to tree vigo(u)r fruit surely, and what tree vigo(u)r was strong only stays fruit 100-140, and what tree vigo(u)r was medium only stays fruit 80-120, and what tree vigo(u)r was weak only stays fruit 50-100, and fruit thinning should be dredged fruitlet, dredges the fruit of preventing or cure a disease, dredge and remove malformed fruit;
17, pinching priming leaf, nectarine behind the fruit, should carry out the pinching priming leaf surely, and all slightly all pinching are newly controlled prosperous length, and plucked unnecessary blade, stay 3 blades to be advisable with every fruit, and tree is recuperated, and branchs is concentrated is fed on the fruit; Preceding 15 days of fruit maturation about about April 10 next year, should be plucked the blade that is in the light, and repeatedly rotates the peach fruit, makes nectarine fruit face fully see optical colour;
18, timely collecting when ripe, should in time be gathered to 8 when nectarine is long the first tenday period of a month in late April next year to May, and the nectarine of should holding with a firm grip during harvesting is rotated carpopodium, gently plucks and put down gently, and the distortion that prevents to damage influences influence sale attractive in appearance;
19, intertillage is loosened the soil, late May next year, should intertill and loosen the soil, loosen the soil and should protect the nectarine tree root system, 0.4 meter of radius is with the shallow pine of interior shallow plowing, the soil layer dark pine of should deep ploughing beyond 0.4 meter, dark pine should around carry out in turn year by year, annual dark pine one side is with the protection root system;
20, pruning, early June next year, should carry out pruning, back branch and back of the body undershoot are all wiped out left and right sides fruit branch or wipe out or stay 0.18-0.22 rice at all at all; In 60 days of May 20 to July 20, will every tree cultivate and become to have only a high major branch of 1.8-2.2 rice, the long 25-35 root fruit branch of 0.4-0.6 rice, " three nothings " that promptly forms no trunk, no multilayer major branch, no side shoot is tree-like, and all so carry out later every year.
The present invention compares with the conventional cultivation method and has the following advantages: 1, because of not needing to form trunk, do not need to form the multilayer major branch, do not need to form side shoot, full tree has only a major branch, it all is again a fruit bearing shoot, and high-density planting, takes ground then after annual peach seedling is planted, second annual bearing, the result is fast; 2, to be the fishbone shape fan-shaped for the tree body, the few and baldness not of skeleton branch, and tree-like do not have light-baffling phenomena up and down, and growth and to breathe the nutrient consumption of waste few is set the result, the output height entirely; 3, light also can fully be seen in single behind of tree body, and fruit is neat, rectify greatly, and the pol height, product are of fine quality; 4, the tree low body is little, and the people can directly management under tree, also can use small-sized machine, training, pollination, vegetables and fruits, controls worm, plucks very conveniently, and planting fruit-trees is simple, light just as kind of grain, convenient management; 5, cultivation method is simple, and is easy to operate, saves labor, good in economic efficiency, has promotional value.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete example, the present invention is described in further detail.Should be understood that embodiment just in order to demonstrate the invention, but not limit the scope of the invention by any way.
Example 1: cultivate the booth nectarine according to following steps:
1, canopy is built in addressing, select to irritate the fertile soil that can arrange, by grow 100 meters, wide about 7 meters, high 2.3 meters build plastic tunnel, 1.2 meters of canopy spacings;
2, use sufficient base manure, every mu of organic fertilizer 10000kg, superphosphate 100kg evenly are laid on the furrow face, and it is even to plough deeply rake with machinery, reach loam and mix;
3, whole furrow dig the pool, every canopy 4 row of planting, and middle two rows be big capable, 2.8 meters of wide row spaces, the little row of both sides two behaviors, 1.6 meters of little line-spacings, limit row be from 0.5 meter of booth, 0.75 meter of spacing in the rows, every mu of 500 strains of planting are divided into 4 furrow, and by the spacing in the rows Wa Shu pool, the tree side of a pond is grown and is 0.5 meter deeply respectively on the furrow face;
4, select the seedling field planting, the annual nectarine seedling of primary election in January, chilling requirement was at 500 hours, peach seedling grafting mouth more than 10 centimetres secateurs remove, soak field planting after 4 hours with the carbendazim soup, the field planting degree of depth is a ground flat sapling candlestick chart, fill out ground surface soil earlier, after fill out deep soil, water sufficient water after treading, build big film, two films, three films and mulch film;
5, the temperature adjustment control is wet, temperature of shed is controlled at about 22-28 ℃ of daytime, about 5-10 ℃ of night after the field planting of peach seedling, peach shoot root portion soil conservation humidity, can be agglomerating to hold, unclamping to scatter is advisable, humidity is controlled at 55-65% in the canopy, in time opens canopy when temperature of shed reaches more than 25 ℃ and leaks informaton when daytime, and the outer nocturnal temperature of canopy can be not related to canopy when being stabilized in more than 12 ℃;
6, cultivate major branch, when sapling sends forth branches length when reaching more than 0.3 meter, select and remain a stalwartness, no damage by disease and insect, not damaged shoot and cultivate into major branch, other all branch erase alls;
7, the fruit branch of selecting and remain when the fruit branch that grows on the major branch reaches more than 0.35 meter, stays 0.2-0.3 rice, and all the other cut off removes prosperous branch, weak branch, sick branch, the healthy and strong fruit branch 25-35 bar of selecting and remain, and it is tree-like to reach " three do not have ", does not promptly have trunk, no multilayer major branch, no side shoot;
8, remove the canopy film, mid-April, climate warming, temperature of shed progressively raises, and two films, three films and mulch film can progressively be removed; Mid-May, horticultural covering film to be removed, nectarine tree becomes the open country self-sow by growth in the canopy, all removes film in this phase every year later on;
9, branch is drawn in shaping, when nectarine tree during up to 1.5-1.6 rice shaping draw branch, be about to nectarine tree and pull into 55 ° of-65 ° of angles by in the middle of two side direction along the booth direction, draw branch with little timber bolt plastic ties, or fixedly draw branch with the bamboo pole bondage; When the height of tree reaches 2.0 meters, cut off the major branch master and bind slightly;
10, in time topdress, topdress mid-May for the first time, and every mu with carbon ammonium 100kg, and Yi Shuichong executes; Topdress mid-June for the second time, and fertilizer is identical with the first time with method; Early September topdresses for the third time, and every mu imposes potassium sulphate 60kg, waters after the ditch spread, and dressing furrow must be 50 centimeters away from trunk more than; Early October topdresses for the 4th time, still takes ditch spread, and method is with for the third time;
11, fall stain and keep a full stand of seedings, enter 7,8, September, strong wind and heavy rain is frequent, fall stain and keep a full stand of seedings, and will in time set upright ridging after being blown down by strong wind and reinforcing, and the reason thorough cut is timely draining, and ponding must not be above 24 hours in the peach garden;
12, insect pests, the overall process of nectarine tree growth is all wanted insect pests, and main disease has shot hole, shothole disease, available lime sulfur, thiophanate methyl, mancozeb control; Main insect pest has two spotted spider mite, leaf miner, black peach aphid, available acephatemet, Avermectin, Imidacloprid control; Damage by disease and insect should be relied mainly on prevention, and controls early, controls little;
13, grasp dormancy, nectarine tree enters necessary dormancy in winter, and not dormancy is the result normally, and according to different strict grasps of peach variety chilling requirement, resting stage does not finish to go up film and heats;
14, go up film and heat, to about December 20, when low temperature reached 500 hours below 7.2 ℃, nectarine tree had satisfied dormancy, and can go up film and heat this moment, later on every year all on late December film heat; Booth first three day of heating up was advisable with 2-5 ℃ of 12-15 ℃ of daytime, night, and increase by 1-2 ℃ later every day, was retained to until 8 ℃ of 25 ℃ of daytimes, night and bloomed; Duration of flowering, day temperature keep 18-20 ℃, nocturnal temperature to keep 5-8 ℃, between fruiting period, keep 8-12 ℃ of 2528 ℃, nocturnal temperature daytime;
15, artificial pollination, to next year by the end of January to mid-February, nectarine tree enters flowering stage, the booth nectarine must carry out artificial pollination, pollination is moving in the spray rollback that comes up with feather duster, and be best opportunity up at 3 o'clock in afternoon the fine morning 10, and every tree pollinated 4-6 time at the florescence;
16, fruit thinning surely really when nectarine length is big or small to soybean grain, should carry out the fruit thinning first time, and long fruit branch stays 4-5 of fruits, and medium fruit branch stays really 3-4, and fruit spur stays really 2-3; When nectarine length is big or small to almond, should carry out the fruit thinning second time, just fixed fruit, long fruit branch stays really 3-4, and medium fruit branch stays 23 of fruits, and fruit spur stays really 1-2; Every tree root is according to tree vigo(u)r fruit surely, and what tree vigo(u)r was strong only stays fruit 100-140, and what tree vigo(u)r was medium only stays fruit 80-120, and what tree vigo(u)r was weak only stays fruit 50-100, and fruit thinning should be dredged fruitlet, dredges the fruit of preventing or cure a disease, dredge and remove malformed fruit;
17, pinching priming leaf, nectarine behind the fruit, should carry out the pinching priming leaf surely, and all slightly all pinching are newly controlled prosperous length, and plucked unnecessary blade, stay 3 blades to be advisable with every fruit, and tree is recuperated, and branchs is concentrated is fed on the fruit; Preceding 15 days of fruit maturation about about April 10 next year, should be plucked the blade that is in the light, and repeatedly rotates the peach fruit, makes nectarine fruit face fully see optical colour;
18, timely collecting when ripe, should in time be gathered to 8 when nectarine is long the first tenday period of a month in late April next year to May, and the nectarine of should holding with a firm grip during harvesting is rotated carpopodium, gently plucks and put down gently, and the distortion that prevents to damage influences influence sale attractive in appearance;
19, intertillage is loosened the soil, late May next year, should intertill and loosen the soil, loosen the soil and should protect the nectarine tree root system, 0.4 meter of radius is with the shallow pine of interior shallow plowing, the soil layer dark pine of should deep ploughing beyond 0.4 meter, dark pine should around carry out in turn year by year, annual dark pine one side is with the protection root system;
20, pruning, early June next year, should carry out pruning, back branch and back of the body undershoot are all wiped out left and right sides fruit branch or wipe out or stay 0.18-0.22 rice at all at all; In 60 days of May 20 to July 20, will every tree cultivate and become to have only a high 1.8-2.22 rice major branch, the long 25-35 root fruit branch of 0.4-0.6 rice, " three nothings " that promptly forms no trunk, no multilayer major branch, no side shoot is tree-like, and all so carry out later every year.
On July 3rd, 2005---5, in the herbary booth, cultivated 500 strain nectarine trees respectively with conventional method and " three none height " method; Conventional method and " three none height " method line-spacing of planting is respectively 3.33 meters and 1.8 meters, and spacing in the rows is respectively 2 meters and 0.75 meter, and every mu of strain number is respectively 100 strains and 500 strains; Fertilizer application amount equates, based on fertilizer, is aided with chemical fertilizer, waters, controls worm and all carry out synchronously, and horticultural covering film is the two-layer mulch film that adds, the temperature treatment unanimity, and training and flower and fruit management carry out according to requiring separately respectively, and its result and benefit see following table for details:
From table, can clearly be seen that, two kinds of cultivation methods, input cost is identical, the result but differs widely, plant back 1 year conventional method and can only reach 400 kilograms of output, and " three none height " method reaches 2207 kilograms of output, the latter is equivalent to the former 5.52 times of output; Planting the back was 5.04 times on the 3rd year; The 4th year is 3.15 times, and output reaches 5484.6 kilograms, and its economic benefit is apparent.
Claims (2)
1. booth high-density smooth-skinned peach cultivation method without trunk, multi-layer axial shoot, side shoot, it is characterized in that: " three none height " cultivation method is exactly that the tree-like dereliction of nectarine is done, the cultivation method of no multilayer major branch, no side shoot, high-density planting, just with tree-likely cultivate into no trunk, no multilayer major branch, no side is propped up and have only major branch, major branch direct growth fruit branch, it is whole that tree-like to be the fishbone shape fan-shaped, planting density is a line-spacing 1.6-2.8 rice, 0.75 meter of spacing in the rows.
2. booth high-density smooth-skinned peach cultivation method without trunk, multi-layer axial shoot, side shoot according to claim 1 is characterized in that this cultivation method specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) canopy is built in addressing, selects to irritate the fertile soil that can arrange, builds plastic tunnel, 1.2 meters of canopy spacings by long 100 meters, wide 7 meters, high 2.3 meters;
(2) use sufficient base manure, every mu of organic fertilizer 10000kg, superphosphate 100kg evenly are laid on the furrow face, with machinery or manually to plough deeply rake even, reach loam and mix;
(3) whole furrow dig the pool, every canopy 4 row of planting, and 0.75 meter of spacing in the rows is divided into 4 furrow, and by the spacing in the rows Wa Shu pool, the tree side of a pond is long and be 0.5 meter deeply respectively on the furrow face;
(4) select the seedling field planting, the annual nectarine seedling of primary election in January, peach seedling grafting mouth more than 10 centimetres secateurs remove, the field planting after 4 hours with carbendazim or the immersion of thiophanate methyl soup, the field planting degree of depth is a ground flat sapling candlestick chart, fills out ground surface soil earlier, after fill out deep soil, water sufficient water after treading, build big film, two films, three films and mulch film;
(5) the temperature adjustment control is wet, temperature of shed is controlled at 22-28 ℃ of daytime, 5-10 ℃ of night after the field planting of peach seedling, peach shoot root portion soil conservation humidity, can be agglomerating to hold, unclamping to scatter is advisable, humidity is controlled at 55-65% in the canopy, in time opens canopy when temperature of shed reaches more than 25 ℃ and leaks informaton when daytime, and the outer nocturnal temperature of canopy can be not related to canopy when being stabilized in more than 12 ℃;
(6) cultivate major branch, when sapling sends forth branches length when reaching more than 0.3 meter, select and remain a stalwartness, no damage by disease and insect, not damaged shoot and cultivate into major branch, other all branch erase alls;
(7) fruit branch of selecting and remain when the fruit branch that grows on the major branch reaches more than 0.35 meter, stays 0.2-0.3 rice, and all the other cut off, and removes prosperous branch, weak branch, sick branch, the healthy and strong fruit branch 25-35 bar of selecting and remain, and it is tree-like to reach " three do not have ", does not promptly have trunk, no multilayer major branch, no side shoot;
(8) remove the canopy film, mid-April, climate warming, temperature of shed progressively raises, and two films, three films and mulch film can progressively be removed; Mid-May, horticultural covering film to be removed, nectarine tree becomes the open country self-sow by growth in the canopy, all removes film in this phase every year later on;
(9) branch is drawn in shaping, when nectarine tree during up to 1.5-1.6 rice shaping draw branch, be about to nectarine tree and pull into 55 ° of-65 ° of angles by in the middle of two side direction along the booth direction, draw branch with little timber bolt plastic ties, or fixedly draw branch with the bamboo pole bondage; When the height of tree reaches 2.0 meters, cut off the major branch master and bind slightly;
(10) in time topdress, topdress mid-May for the first time, and every mu with carbon ammonium 100kg or urea 40kg, and Yi Shuichong executes; Topdress mid-June for the second time, and fertilizer is identical with the first time with method; Early September topdresses for the third time, and every mu imposes potassium sulphate 60kg, waters after the ditch spread, and dressing furrow must be 50 centimeters away from trunk more than; Early October topdresses for the 4th time, still takes ditch spread, and method is with for the third time;
(11) fall stain and keep a full stand of seedings, enter 7,8, September, strong wind and heavy rain is frequent, fall stain and keep a full stand of seedings, and will in time set upright ridging after being blown down by strong wind and reinforcing, and the reason thorough cut is timely draining, and ponding must not be above 24 hours in the peach garden;
(12) insect pests, the overall process of nectarine tree growth is all wanted insect pests, and main disease has shot hole, shothole disease, with lime sulfur, thiophanate methyl, mancozeb control; Main insect pest has two spotted spider mite, leaf miner, black peach aphid, with acephatemet, Avermectin, Imidacloprid control; Damage by disease and insect should be relied mainly on prevention, and controls early, controls little;
(13) grasp dormancy, nectarine tree enters necessary dormancy in winter, and not dormancy is the result normally, and according to different strict grasps of peach variety chilling requirement, resting stage does not finish to go up film and heats;
(14) go up film and heat, to about December 20, when low temperature reached chilling requirement below 7.2 ℃, nectarine tree had satisfied dormancy, and can go up film and heat this moment, later on every year all on late December film heat; Booth heats up first three day to be advisable 2-5 ℃ of 12-15 ℃ of daytime, night, increases by 12 ℃ later every day, is retained to until 8 ℃ of 25 ℃ of daytimes, night and blooms; Duration of flowering, 1820 ℃ of day temperature maintenances, nocturnal temperature keep 5-8 ℃, between fruiting period, 25-28 ℃ of day temperature maintenances, 8-12 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures;
(15) artificial pollination, to next year by the end of January to mid-February, nectarine tree enters flowering stage, the booth nectarine must carry out artificial pollination, pollination is moving in the spray rollback that comes up with feather duster, and be best opportunity up at 3 o'clock in afternoon the fine morning 10, and every tree pollinated 4-6 time at the florescence;
(16) fruit thinning surely really when nectarine length is big or small to soybean grain, carries out the fruit thinning first time, and long fruit branch stays 4-5 of fruits, and medium fruit branch stays really 3-4, and fruit spur stays really 2-3; When nectarine length is big or small to almond, carry out the fruit thinning second time, just fixed fruit, long fruit branch stays really 3-4, and medium fruit branch stays 2-3 of fruits, and fruit spur stays really 1-2; Every tree root is according to tree vigo(u)r fruit surely, and what tree vigo(u)r was strong only stays fruit 100-140, and what tree vigo(u)r was medium only stays fruit 80-120, and what tree vigo(u)r was weak only stays fruit 50-100, and fruit thinning is dredged and gone fruitlet, dredges the fruit of preventing or cure a disease, dredges and remove malformed fruit;
(17) pinching priming leaf, nectarine behind the fruit, carry out the pinching priming leaf surely, and all slightly all pinching are newly controlled prosperous length, and plucked unnecessary blade, stay 3 blades to be advisable with every fruit, and tree is recuperated, and branchs is concentrated is fed on the fruit; Preceding 15 days of fruit maturation, about April 10 next year, the blade that will be in the light is plucked, and repeatedly rotates the peach fruit, makes nectarine fruit face fully see optical colour;
(18) timely collecting when ripe, is in time gathered to 8 when nectarine is long the first tenday period of a month in late April next year to May, and the nectarine of should holding with a firm grip during harvesting is rotated carpopodium, gently plucks and put down gently, and the distortion that prevents to damage influences influence sale attractive in appearance;
(19) intertillage is loosened the soil, late May next year, intertill and loosen the soil, the protection nectarine tree root system that loosens the soil, 0.4 meter of radius be with the shallow pine of interior shallow plowing, the soil layer dark pine of should deep ploughing beyond 0.4 meter, dark pine around carry out in turn year by year, annual dark pine one side is with the protection root system;
(20) pruning, early June next year, carry out pruning, back branch and back of the body undershoot are all wiped out left and right sides fruit branch or wipe out or stay 0.18-0.22 rice at all at all; In 60 days of May 20 to July 20, will cultivate the 25-35 root fruit branch that becomes to have only a high 1.8-2.22 rice major branch, long 0.4-0.6 rice by every tree, " three nothings " that promptly forms no trunk, no multilayer major branch, no side shoot is tree-like, and all so carry out later every year.
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| CN102428855A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-05-02 | 郭永涛 | Protected nectarine compact pendulous cylindrical culture technology |
| CN103392548A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-11-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Peach tree fruit thinning researching method |
| CN103518580A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-22 | 安徽环绿生态农业投资发展有限公司 | Method for planting greenhouse nectarines |
| CN104126475A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-11-05 | 赵春彬 | Peach tree planting method enabling dormancy period of peach trees to be controlled artificially |
| CN104472305A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-01 | 重庆市永川区余潘果树种植专业合作社 | Cultivation method for dwarfing close-planting of nectarine |
| CN104823788A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-12 | 塔里木大学 | Columnar tree culture method suitable for high-density cultivation of nectarine in greenhouse |
| CN105145252A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-16 | 滁州绿泉生态农业有限公司 | Grafting and transplanting cultivation method for early red apricots |
| CN105165510A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-12-23 | 江苏福泰农业科技有限公司 | High quality and high yield high density cultivation method for peaches |
| CN105284538A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-03 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | High photosynthetic efficiency tree form cultivation method for peach trees with multiple semi-upright main branches and without side branches |
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| CN105875315A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-08-24 | 山东农业大学 | Protected non-dormancy peach cultivation method |
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| CN106416916A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-02-22 | 雷艳艳 | Purely natural planting method of juicy peaches |
| CN106472234A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-03-08 | 金陵科技学院 | A kind of breeding method of the low dry radial pattern tree crown of hair |
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| CN102428855A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-05-02 | 郭永涛 | Protected nectarine compact pendulous cylindrical culture technology |
| CN103392548A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-11-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Peach tree fruit thinning researching method |
| CN103392548B (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2015-07-29 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of peach fruit thinning research method |
| CN103518580A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-22 | 安徽环绿生态农业投资发展有限公司 | Method for planting greenhouse nectarines |
| CN104126475A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-11-05 | 赵春彬 | Peach tree planting method enabling dormancy period of peach trees to be controlled artificially |
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| CN105165510A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-12-23 | 江苏福泰农业科技有限公司 | High quality and high yield high density cultivation method for peaches |
| CN105145252A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-16 | 滁州绿泉生态农业有限公司 | Grafting and transplanting cultivation method for early red apricots |
| CN105284538A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-03 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | High photosynthetic efficiency tree form cultivation method for peach trees with multiple semi-upright main branches and without side branches |
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| CN106472234A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-03-08 | 金陵科技学院 | A kind of breeding method of the low dry radial pattern tree crown of hair |
| CN107125083A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-05 | 宁夏农林科学院 | A kind of cultural method of irrigation areas facility peach |
| CN107258454A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-10-20 | 芜湖县兰馨油桃种植专业合作社 | A kind of efficient implantation methods of nectarine cultivars in greenhouse |
| CN107278784A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-10-24 | 芜湖县兰馨油桃种植专业合作社 | A kind of Planting management method of nectarine cultivars in greenhouse |
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