CN102428855A - Protected nectarine compact pendulous cylindrical culture technology - Google Patents
Protected nectarine compact pendulous cylindrical culture technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN102428855A CN102428855A CN2011102700870A CN201110270087A CN102428855A CN 102428855 A CN102428855 A CN 102428855A CN 2011102700870 A CN2011102700870 A CN 2011102700870A CN 201110270087 A CN201110270087 A CN 201110270087A CN 102428855 A CN102428855 A CN 102428855A
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Abstract
The invention provides a protected nectarine compact pendulous cylindrical culture technology, and relates to the technical field of forestry. The technology mainly comprises a technology of culturing the tree form in current planting year, a culturing technology in current planting year, a technology of shaping and pruning in the second year after planting and later years, a technology of pruning a tree in early full fruit period and a bearing tree, and the like. The technology has easiness in plant culture, convenience in management and high economical benefit, is in accordance with modern fruit tree production requirement, can realize uniform distribution of tree crown fruiting branch groups, and has stereo results, so that the light in the crown is improved, the yield is increased, the aim of improving fruit quality is achieved, and working environment in an orchard can be improved, and the labor intensity is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the forestry technology field, be specifically related to the compact weeping branch cylinder shape of a kind of facility nectarine cultivation technology.
Background technology
Nectarine (Nectarine) is the mutation of common peach (pericarp is outer by fine hair), in the Northwest of China wild nectarine is arranged, and the locality is called " Li Guangtao ", and it is the same basically with common peach with culture technique to the adaptability of soil, weather.The nectarine of China produces and starts late, and early stage wide in variety drawing from American-European, taste is acid, owing to not too meet Asians's consumption habit, the influence on producing is limited, has also stayed the impression of " nectarine is sour " to people.The high 50---60 of nectarine tree trunk centimetre; Do at center that independently makes progress, and height 2.2---2.6 rice is done at the center, and the center is done to go up and direct given birth to medium and small fruit bearing shoot group 10---15; Fruit bearing shoot group and center dried angle 70---90 degree, on each fruit bearing shoot group give birth to effective bearing basal shoot 1---3.Angle 50---60 degree and upwards arrangement of shape in the shape of a spiral are the sagging shape of nature between the fruit bearing shoot group after bearing basal shoot is born fruit.Existing culture technique does not also reach the effect of high-quality, excellent product, does not meet modern cultivation requirement yet.
Summary of the invention
The compact weeping branch cylinder shape of the facility nectarine cultivation technology that technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of cultivates easily, economic benefit is high.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention adopts following technical scheme to realize,
The compact weeping branch cylinder shape of a kind of facility nectarine is cultivated technology, it is characterized in that: comprise following method step,
1, the tree-like then cultivation technology of field planting:
1. select the one-level nursery stock for use, by 1 meter x2 rice, or the field planting of 1.5 meters x2.5 rice seeding row spacings; Heading height 50---60 centimetre; Do healthy and strong growth in the maintenance, above 50---60 centimeters is noted cultivation results branch group apart from ground, and the 15---20 centimetre of dried branch of giving birth to of going up in the center of selecting and remain whenever makes progress;, it carries out the pinching first time when growing into 30 centimetres; Inspire the secondary branch, when secondary branch growth to 30 centimetre, carry out the pinching second time, inspire branch three times; July 15 stopped pinching later on, and not pinching is done at the center;
2. summer pruning technology; The seedling art of field planting then do surely the back below 50---60 centimetre give birth to branch and all remove; In the presence of give birth to branch in do branch thick and do rugosity in surpassing when over half; Answer its growth of emphasis control, should dredge in case of necessity and remove, impel the balanced growth of other fruitful branch; Dredge the overstocked branch that removes the tree crown cella in addition; Can improve tree body ventilation and penetrating light condition on the one hand, promote bud to form, can promote to keep growing of branch on the other hand;
3. winter pruning is technological; Dredge removing and give birth to the thin and delicate branch of doing at the center, invalid branch such as invalid branch, further adjustment tree body structure; To the center do highly do not reach ideal height in dried elongated shoot weigh cutting back; 20～30 the effective bearing basal shoots of selecting and remain are set in every strain, and the overall principle is that eugonic tree-pruning is wanted gently, and the branch of reservation is more relatively; And the more weak tree-pruning of growth will weigh, and it is less to keep the branch total amount, facing to give birth to the center do and do apart from the center nearer branch select and remain 6---10 preparation branch carry out in heavy cutting back be that preparation is carried out in the renewal of the second annual bearing branch group;
2, field planting culture technique then:
1. method for planting: northern area should be in the field planting in spring, embarks on journey and dig planting pit or field planting ditch in north and south, and the degree of depth requires 60～80cm, about wide 100cm; Whenever 50～70kg fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, 1 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer is filled out half cave soil earlier and is stirred with the surface dust layering and apply in the cave, and steady and sure; Last earthing to branch ground flushes, and after preferably digging the cave surely and banketing, through about one month, lets soil shrinkage; Treat behind the soil compaction that row is planted again, should carry out suitable pruning to root system earlier before the field planting, cut off damage root and overstocked root, let root system evenly expansion go deep in the soil; The grafting mouth bassets about 5cm at least, makes nursery stock unlikely the imbedding in the soil of back rhizome portion of become living, and transfers interface and rots in order to avoid cause, and influences seedling growth; Also should the soil that cover on the root system is fully steady and sure during plantation, irritate once permeable, so that soil root division fluid-tight engagement; To in time do surely after the field planting, and the shutoff clip, do surely in the time of can't germinateing by the time;
2. rich water quality management: field planting is when young sprout grows to 20～30cm then; Removing every strain of topdressing behind the mulch film executes urea 30g and adds biphosphate potassium 20g; Whenever topdressed once later at a distance from 15 days; Topdress continuously three times; Topdressed once in per 20 days after mid-July; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30g is executed in every strain; Connect Shi Sanci; 1 year and after each time in November the middle ten days and the last ten days every mu of organic fertilizer 3000～6000kg; Peach composite fertilizer special 50～100kg; Foliage application from mid-April to mid-July, one time 0.3% urea of spray and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor about per ten days, one time 0.3%～0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of spray in per 15～20 days of the last ten-days period in mid-July to September; Connect and spray three times; The season of growth such as arid will in time be poured water, and timely draining in rainy season is poured water in control after mid-August;
3, after the field planting 1 year and after each year pruning technique:
Move outside the position as a result for anti-, will suitably heavily shortly retract to major branch stem during pruning, impel to form compact small-sized fruit bearing shoot group; The young sprout that base portion is sprouted then gives over to the fruit bearing shoot in the coming year, and the height of tree is not then reached indivedual strains of predetermined altitude, continues Culture Center and does and major branch; Prune main method and take to dredge branch, cutting back is returned and is contracted; Improving illumination, upgrade rejuvenation fruit bearing shoot group, the control setting fruit position move outward and top prosperous by force;
4, containing the fruit initial stage sets and the bearing tree pruning technique:
In facility cultivation, solely do tree-likely being easy to generate by force, make on the setting fruit position and move, position, middle and lower part fruit bearing shoot group is weak even withered, therefore after gathering every year, carries out the summer and cuts and answer emphasis to regulate and control when pushing away hat, and concrete grammar is:
1. to thin the removing of upright strong prosperous the base portion in middle and upper part, reach the growth golden mean of the Confucian school branch of doing in the distance on the nearer fruit bearing shoot group, take to stay the extremely heavy cutting back of 2-3 bud facing to doing in giving birth to;
2. the fruit bearing shoot group is upgraded; The healthy and strong branch place that fruit bearing shoot group is heavily bounced back to base portion upgrades; Do not have desirable innovation shoot like the bearing basal shoot base portion, can select suitable shoot to upgrade yet, move or move outward on the cultivation results branch group control setting fruit position again at female branch middle part;
3. the moderate of lower junction fruit branch group being taked to suit bounces back, and should take the measure of aiding the strong as fruit bearing shoot group growth potential is more weak;
4. the shoot that utilizes the center to do to send upgrades, if doing at the center give birth to the fruit bearing shoot group near taken out and born innovation shoot, then this group is carried out update all, use to do and go up the branch of sprouting and replace existing fruit bearing shoot group by the center.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention cultivates easily, convenient management, and economic benefit is high, meets modernized production of fruit trees requirement, can realize that tree crown fruit bearing shoot group evenly distributes, and three-dimensional result improves illumination in the hat, improves output, improves the purpose of fruit quality; And can improve the orchard working environment and reduce labour intensity.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect and be easy to understand and understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
The compact weeping branch cylinder shape of a kind of facility nectarine is cultivated technology, comprises following method step,
1, the tree-like then cultivation technology of field planting:
1. select the one-level nursery stock for use, by 1 meter x2 rice, or the field planting of 1.5 meters x2.5 rice seeding row spacings; Heading height 50---60 centimetre; Do healthy and strong growth in the maintenance, above 50---60 centimeters is noted cultivation results branch group apart from ground, and the 15---20 centimetre of dried branch of giving birth to of going up in the center of selecting and remain whenever makes progress;, it carries out the pinching first time when growing into 30 centimetres; Inspire the secondary branch, when secondary branch growth to 30 centimetre, carry out the pinching second time, inspire branch three times; July 15 stopped pinching later on, and not pinching is done at the center;
2. summer pruning technology; The seedling art of field planting then do surely the back below 50---60 centimetre give birth to branch and all remove; In the presence of give birth to branch in do branch thick and do rugosity in surpassing when over half; Answer its growth of emphasis control, should dredge in case of necessity and remove, impel the balanced growth of other fruitful branch; Dredge the overstocked branch that removes the tree crown cella in addition; Can improve tree body ventilation and penetrating light condition on the one hand, promote bud to form, can promote to keep growing of branch on the other hand;
3. winter pruning is technological; Dredge removing and give birth to the thin and delicate branch of doing at the center, invalid branch such as invalid branch, further adjustment tree body structure; To the center do highly do not reach ideal height in dried elongated shoot weigh cutting back; 20～30 the effective bearing basal shoots of selecting and remain are set in every strain, and the overall principle is that eugonic tree-pruning is wanted gently, and the branch of reservation is more relatively; And the more weak tree-pruning of growth will weigh, and it is less to keep the branch total amount, facing to give birth to the center do and do apart from the center nearer branch select and remain 6---10 preparation branch carry out in heavy cutting back be that preparation is carried out in the renewal of the second annual bearing branch group;
4, field planting culture technique then:
1. method for planting: northern area should be in the field planting in spring, embarks on journey and dig planting pit or field planting ditch in north and south, and the degree of depth requires 60～80cm, about wide 100cm; Whenever 50～70kg fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, 1 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer is filled out half cave soil earlier and is stirred with the surface dust layering and apply in the cave, and steady and sure; Last earthing to branch ground flushes, and after preferably digging the cave surely and banketing, through about one month, lets soil shrinkage; Treat behind the soil compaction that row is planted again, should carry out suitable pruning to root system earlier before the field planting, cut off damage root and overstocked root, let root system evenly expansion go deep in the soil; The grafting mouth bassets about 5cm at least, makes nursery stock unlikely the imbedding in the soil of back rhizome portion of become living, and transfers interface and rots in order to avoid cause, and influences seedling growth; Also should the soil that cover on the root system is fully steady and sure during plantation, irritate once permeable, so that soil root division fluid-tight engagement; To in time do surely after the field planting, and the shutoff clip, do surely in the time of can't germinateing by the time;
2. rich water quality management: field planting is when young sprout grows to 20～30cm then; Removing every strain of topdressing behind the mulch film executes urea 30g and adds biphosphate potassium 20g; Whenever topdressed once later at a distance from 15 days; Topdress continuously three times; Topdressed once in per 20 days after mid-July; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30g is executed in every strain; Connect Shi Sanci; 1 year and after each time in November the middle ten days and the last ten days every mu of organic fertilizer 3000～6000kg; Peach composite fertilizer special 50～100kg; Foliage application from mid-April to mid-July, one time 0.3% urea of spray and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor about per ten days, one time 0.3%～0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of spray in per 15～20 days of the last ten-days period in mid-July to September; Connect and spray three times; The season of growth such as arid will in time be poured water, and timely draining in rainy season is poured water in control after mid-August;
5, after the field planting 1 year and after each year pruning technique:
Move outside the position as a result for anti-, will suitably heavily shortly retract to major branch stem during pruning, impel to form compact small-sized fruit bearing shoot group; The young sprout that base portion is sprouted then gives over to the fruit bearing shoot in the coming year, and the height of tree is not then reached indivedual strains of predetermined altitude, continues Culture Center and does and major branch; Prune main method and take to dredge branch, cutting back is returned and is contracted; Improving illumination, upgrade rejuvenation fruit bearing shoot group, the control setting fruit position move outward and top prosperous by force;
4, containing the fruit initial stage sets and the bearing tree pruning technique:
In facility cultivation, solely do tree-likely being easy to generate by force, make on the setting fruit position and move, position, middle and lower part fruit bearing shoot group is weak even withered, therefore after gathering every year, carries out the summer and cuts and answer emphasis to regulate and control when pushing away hat, and concrete grammar is:
1. to thin the removing of upright strong prosperous the base portion in middle and upper part, reach the growth golden mean of the Confucian school branch of doing in the distance on the nearer fruit bearing shoot group, take to stay the extremely heavy cutting back of 2-3 bud facing to doing in giving birth to;
2. the fruit bearing shoot group is upgraded; The healthy and strong branch place that fruit bearing shoot group is heavily bounced back to base portion upgrades; Do not have desirable innovation shoot like the bearing basal shoot base portion, can select suitable shoot to upgrade yet, move or move outward on the cultivation results branch group control setting fruit position again at female branch middle part;
3. the moderate of lower junction fruit branch group being taked to suit bounces back, and should take the measure of aiding the strong as fruit bearing shoot group growth potential is more weak;
4. the shoot that utilizes the center to do to send upgrades, if doing at the center give birth to the fruit bearing shoot group near taken out and born innovation shoot, then this group is carried out update all, use to do and go up the branch of sprouting and replace existing fruit bearing shoot group by the center.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; The present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; That describes in the foregoing description and the specification just explains principle of the present invention; Under the prerequisite that does not break away from spirit and scope of the invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these variations and improvement all fall in the scope of the invention that requires protection.The present invention requires protection domain to be defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (1)
1. the compact weeping branch cylinder shape of facility nectarine is cultivated technology, it is characterized in that: comprise following method step,
The tree-like then cultivation technology of a, field planting:
1. select the one-level nursery stock for use; By 1 meter x2 rice, or the field planting of 1.5 meters x2.5 rice seeding row spacings, heading height 50---60 centimetre; Above 50---60 centimeters is noted cultivation results branch group apart from ground; Whenever 15---20 centimetre of dried branch of giving birth to of going up in the center of selecting and remain upwards carries out the pinching first time when it grows into 30 centimetres, inspires the secondary branch; When secondary branch growth to 30 centimetre, carry out the pinching second time; Inspire branch three times, July 15 stopped pinching later on, and not pinching is done at the center;
2. summer pruning technology; The seedling art of field planting then do surely the back below 50---60 centimetre give birth to branch and all remove; In the presence of give birth to branch in do branch thick and do rugosity in surpassing when over half; Answer its growth of emphasis control; Should dredge in case of necessity and remove; Impel the balanced growth of other fruitful branch, dredge the overstocked branch that removes the tree crown cella in addition;
3. winter pruning technology is dredged removing and is given birth to the thin and delicate branch of doing at the center, invalid branch such as invalid branch, further adjustment tree body structure, to the center do highly do not reach ideal height in dried elongated shoot weigh cutting back, 20～30 the effective bearing basal shoots of selecting and remain are set in every strain;
B, field planting be culture technique then:
1. method for planting: northern area should be in the field planting in spring, embarks on journey and dig planting pit or field planting ditch in north and south, and the degree of depth requires 60～80cm, about wide 100cm; Whenever 50～70kg fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, 1 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer is filled out half cave soil earlier and is stirred with the surface dust layering and apply in the cave, and steady and sure; Last earthing to branch ground flushes, and after digging the cave surely and banketing, through about one month, lets soil shrinkage; Treat behind the soil compaction that row is planted again, should carry out suitable pruning to root system earlier before the field planting, cut off damage root and overstocked root, let root system evenly expansion go deep in the soil; The grafting mouth bassets about 5cm at least, makes nursery stock unlikely the imbedding in the soil of back rhizome portion of become living, and transfers interface and rots in order to avoid cause, and influences seedling growth; Also should the soil that cover on the root system is fully steady and sure during plantation, irritate once permeable, so that soil root division fluid-tight engagement; To in time do surely after the field planting, and the shutoff clip, do surely in the time of can't germinateing by the time;
2. rich water quality management: field planting is when young sprout grows to 20～30cm then; Removing every strain of topdressing behind the mulch film executes urea 30g and adds biphosphate potassium 20g; Whenever topdressed once later at a distance from 15 days; Topdress continuously three times; Topdressed once in per 20 days after mid-July; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30g is executed in every strain; Connect Shi Sanci; 1 year and after each time in November the middle ten days and the last ten days every mu of organic fertilizer 3000～6000kg; Peach composite fertilizer special 50～100kg; Foliage application from mid-April to mid-July, one time 0.3% urea of spray and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor about per ten days, one time 0.3%～0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of spray in per 15～20 days of the last ten-days period in mid-July to September; Connect and spray three times; The season of growth such as arid will in time be poured water, and timely draining in rainy season is poured water in control after mid-August;
After c, the field planting 1 year and after each year pruning technique:
Move outside the position as a result for anti-, will suitably heavily shortly retract to major branch stem during pruning, impel to form compact small-sized fruit bearing shoot group; The young sprout that base portion is sprouted then gives over to the fruit bearing shoot in the coming year, and the height of tree is not then reached indivedual strains of predetermined altitude, continues Culture Center and does and major branch; Prune main method and take to dredge branch, cutting back is returned and is contracted; Improving illumination, upgrade rejuvenation fruit bearing shoot group, the control setting fruit position move outward and top prosperous by force;
D, Sheng fruit initial stage tree and bearing tree pruning technique:
In facility cultivation, solely do tree-likely being easy to generate by force, make on the setting fruit position and move, position, middle and lower part fruit bearing shoot group is weak even withered, therefore after gathering every year, carries out the summer and cuts and answer emphasis to regulate and control when pushing away hat, and concrete grammar is:
1. to thin the removing of upright strong prosperous the base portion in middle and upper part, reach the growth golden mean of the Confucian school branch of doing in the distance on the nearer fruit bearing shoot group, take to stay the extremely heavy cutting back of 2-3 bud facing to doing in giving birth to;
2. the fruit bearing shoot group is upgraded; The healthy and strong branch place that fruit bearing shoot group is heavily bounced back to base portion upgrades; Do not have desirable innovation shoot like the bearing basal shoot base portion, can select suitable shoot to upgrade yet, move or move outward on the cultivation results branch group control setting fruit position again at female branch middle part;
3. the moderate of lower junction fruit branch group being taked to suit bounces back, and should take the measure of aiding the strong as fruit bearing shoot group growth potential is more weak;
4. the shoot that utilizes the center to do to send upgrades, if doing at the center give birth to the fruit bearing shoot group near taken out and born innovation shoot, then this group is carried out update all, use to do and go up the branch of sprouting and replace existing fruit bearing shoot group by the center.
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| CN2011102700870A CN102428855A (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2011-09-13 | Protected nectarine compact pendulous cylindrical culture technology |
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| CN2011102700870A CN102428855A (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2011-09-13 | Protected nectarine compact pendulous cylindrical culture technology |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102771352A (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2012-11-14 | 张掖市林业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for improving cold resistance of improved peach variety |
| CN104472305A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-01 | 重庆市永川区余潘果树种植专业合作社 | Cultivation method for dwarfing close-planting of nectarine |
| CN104885853A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-09-09 | 湖南新丰阳光现代农业发展有限公司 | Updating method of bearing branches of peach trees |
| CN107125083A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-05 | 宁夏农林科学院 | A kind of cultural method of irrigation areas facility peach |
| CN107637354A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-30 | 天津蓟清果树种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of golden yellow rose fragrant nectarine |
| CN107750794A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-06 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of pruning method for strengthening frame pear tree major branch tip growth potential |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102771352A (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2012-11-14 | 张掖市林业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for improving cold resistance of improved peach variety |
| CN102771352B (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-01-01 | 张掖市林业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for improving cold resistance of improved peach variety |
| CN104472305A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-01 | 重庆市永川区余潘果树种植专业合作社 | Cultivation method for dwarfing close-planting of nectarine |
| CN104885853A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-09-09 | 湖南新丰阳光现代农业发展有限公司 | Updating method of bearing branches of peach trees |
| CN107637354A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-30 | 天津蓟清果树种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of golden yellow rose fragrant nectarine |
| CN107125083A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-05 | 宁夏农林科学院 | A kind of cultural method of irrigation areas facility peach |
| CN107750794A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-06 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of pruning method for strengthening frame pear tree major branch tip growth potential |
| CN107750794B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2020-01-03 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pruning method for enhancing growth vigor of front end of main branch of shed frame pear tree |
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Application publication date: 20120502 |