CN106305254A

CN106305254A - High-yield cultivation method for early-fruit thin-shell walnuts

Info

Publication number: CN106305254A
Application number: CN201510359412.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐秀克
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-06-26
Filing date: 2015-06-26
Publication date: 2017-01-11

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for early-fruit thin-shell walnuts. The method comprises the steps of garden building, soil, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, flowering phase pollination and pest control. According to the technical method, early and high yield can be achieved.

Description

The most real a kind of thin-shelled walnut high-yield cultivating method

Technical field

The invention belongs to forest and fruit tree cultivation technical field, be specifically related to the most real a kind of thin-shelled walnut high yield Cultural method.

Background technology

Apocarya has another name called pecan and belongs to Juglandaceae.Originate in North America, 19th century introduce China, mainly Adapt to Central-South, the southeast of China Yangtze river basin, southwest region such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Gui Zhou, Sichuan, Yunnan and the north of Fujian Province, North Guangdong etc., domestic market potentiality are big.Walnut Industry becomes hill farmer The new industry got rich, cultivated area constantly expands.But the understanding that some peasant is to Semen Juglandis cultivation technique , there is many problems in deficiency, as seedling is planted, kind is chaotic, and infertile mountainous area builds garden, management in development Extensive etc., define and only see enlarged areas, lose the situation that benefit increases.

Summary of the invention

Skill this programme of the present invention is:

The most real a kind of thin-shelled walnut high-yield cultivating method, including building garden, clay fertilizer water management, pruning, flower Phase pollination, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.

1, Jian Yuan

In terms of the selection in field, Hetaoyuan should select soil layer deep, and soil property is fertile, the mountain that water holding capacity is strong Ground or hills terraced fields.Should use sufficient base manure before planting, mu organic fertilizer more than 5000 kilograms, full garden to be ploughed deeply More than 80 centimetres.The soil layer infertile mountainous area less than 50 centimetres should not be planted.

In terms of selection of seedling, stock type and the cultivar origin of nursery stock should be fully understood by.Preferably select locality The rootstock seedling that common Semen Juglandis is cultivated.The rootstock seedling that wild walnut, Juglans mandshurica and J．sigllata Dode are cultivated should not be selected. The improved seeds that cultivation is promoted at present are a lot, should mainly select the most real shells such as new No. 14 of Yangbi complex Fructus Persicae, cloud Breeding.Semen Juglandis selection of seedling requires well developed root system, and Seedling is dry to be enriched, and terminal bud is full, highly more than 80 centimetres, Thick more than 1.5 centimetres of rhizome.

At aspect of planting, it is desirable to planting density is generally 3 × 4 meters, 3.5 × 4 meters or 3 × 4.5 meters.Plant Time, root system to be unfolded.Watering sufficient water after cultivation, set disk cover mulch film centered by trunk, Seedling does set 30 centimeter length Plastics net or plastic bag, prevent insect pest.

2, clay fertilizer water management

Reasonable catch cropping is accomplished in Juglans regia trees garden, stops tree dish, covers unregistered land film.Require that interrow crop can not shadow Ring Growth status.

Semen Juglandis result garden covers ground by modes such as natural grass, Planting Grass or pressure grass in garden, prevents soil Earth hardens.

Apply fertilizer in Walnut garden, the most annual after autumn 9, October use sufficient fertilizer, 5000 kilograms every mu Left and right.Topdress before germination, florescence and fruit expanding period are carried out.Dose is different according to the age of tree, each mu Execute fruit tree compound fertilizer 50-100 kilogram.The season of growth should carry out foliage spray, conventional is 0.5% carbamide and Potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

Watering of Hetaoyuan should be carried out in conjunction with fertilising.Mountain region Hetaoyuan is it is noted that watered germination water and water of surviving the winter. Rainy season notes drainage waterlogging prevention.

3, pruning

The tree-like most employing coronules of Semen Juglandis early high-yield dredge layer shape and natural open centre shape.Start to promote little in recent years The happy shape in crown height position.It is dry upright in being mainly characterized by, crown little, the most moderate, shapes fast, result early, Easily high yield, is suitable to dense planting.Typically requiring major branch base angle more than 80 degree, every strain tree has major branch 12-15, tree High about 4.5 meters.Main pruning method is: heading height 60-80 centimetre, selects and remain by different azimuth then 2-3 young sprout does ground floor major branch, base angle 80-90 degree, dry upright in holding, in dry on every 30 centimetres Select and remain a major branch in left and right, helical arrangement.Direct cultivation results branch group on major branch.The long 1.5-2 of basic unit's major branch Rice, upper strata major branch length 1-1.3 rice.It is noted that control Secondary Branch in pruning, the Appropriate application branch of excessive growth, dredge Except overstocked branch, overlapping branch, the branch that intersects, handle branch, the skeleton branch that batch updating is weak behind well.

4, florescence pollination

After Semen Juglandis enters fruiting period, in order to realize early high-yield, carry out artificial pollination work extremely important.Side When method is the opening of Semen Juglandis male flower, gathers male flower fringe and be spread out on paper, be placed on shady and cool dry and comfortable place and obtain pollen.Treat 25% Female chapiter when being herringbone, by portion pollen with ten parts of corn starchs or Pulvis Talci mix homogeneously, use The packed pollen of medical double gauze, ties up on stock, shakes gently above tree crown, pollinate.The next day Once, during 8-11 in the morning, pollination is optimal.

5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

The main diseases and insect pests of Semen Juglandis has anthrax, melasma, act limb moth, perverse moth, Anoplophorae seu Aprionae etc..Should follow " pre- Prevent being main, comprehensive control " principle, artificial, physics, Biological control are main.Medical treatment is mainly sprouted Spray the lime sulfur of 3-5 Baume degrees before bud, early June, spray 75% streptomycin sulfate every 10-15 days 3000 times or 50% thiophanate methyl 800 times or 90% new phytomycin 3000 times, spray 3-4 time, mainly prevents altogether Control melasma.Lift limb moth, the Limacodidae adult emergence period combines and sprays that microbial inoculum is mixed converts the parasite killing such as 25% d ichlorbenzuron 800 times Agent prevents and treats.

Claims

1. an early real thin-shelled walnut high-yield cultivating method, including build garden, clay fertilizer water management, pruning, Florescence pollination, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.It is characterized in that:

(1) Hetaoyuan should select soil layer deep, and soil property is fertile, mountain region that water holding capacity is strong or hills terraced fields； Nursery stock preferably selects the rootstock seedling that local common Semen Juglandis is cultivated；

(2) Walnut garden fertilising, the most annual after autumn 9, October use sufficient fertilizer, every mu 5000 About kilogram.Topdress before germination, florescence and fruit expanding period are carried out；

(3) shaping and trimming method is: heading height 60-80 centimetre, selects and remain 2-3 by different azimuth then Young sprout does ground floor major branch, base angle 80-90 degree, dry upright in holding, in dry upper every 30 cm choosings Stay a major branch, helical arrangement.Direct cultivation results branch group on major branch.Basic unit's major branch long 1.5-2 rice, on Layer major branch length 1-1.3 rice.In pruning it is noted that control Secondary Branch, the Appropriate application branch of excessive growth, remove overstocked branch, Overlapping branch, hand over and branch, handle branch, the skeleton branch that batch updating is weak behind well；

(4) pollinating method is: when Semen Juglandis male flower is open, gathers male flower fringe and is spread out on paper, is placed on shady and cool dry and comfortable Place obtains pollen.When the female chapiter of 25% is herringbone, by portion pollen with ten parts of corn starchs or cunning Stone powder mix homogeneously, with the packed pollen of medical double gauze, ties up on stock, shakes gently above tree crown, Pollinate.The next day once, during 8-11 in the morning, pollination is optimal.