CN103814717A - Pine tree stock plant cultivating method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating pine ear-picking mother plants, which comprises the following specific steps: (1) nursery site selection and site preparation, (2) seedling stage management and seedling planting, (3) high-intensity pruning and regular pruning, ( 4) Cultivation of short pile platform plant type, (5) Fertilizer and water management. The method for cultivating pine ear-picking mother plants of the present invention can significantly increase the yield of cutting seedlings without increasing the area of ear-picking gardens and the number of ear-picking mother plants, and the cuttings are uniform and moderate in thickness, and the mother plants are kept young and have a long service life. As long as 6 to 8 years or longer, the survival rate of cuttings is high, and the quality of seedlings is high, which can meet the needs of the society to a greater extent and improve the economic benefits of seedling production units.

Description

A kind of method for cultivating mother plant of pine picking ears

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating plants, in particular to a method for cultivating pine fringe-picking mother plants.

Background technique

With the continuous improvement of social material and cultural level, people's demand for timber is increasing day by day, the contradiction between supply and demand of timber is becoming increasingly acute, the development of fast-growing and high-yield forest is changing with each passing day, and the demand for pine seedlings is increasing. Seed orchard production is seriously affected by climate, and seed production is not stable enough to provide seedlings for afforestation. It is much more reliable to use asexual reproduction to maintain the excellent traits of hybrid offspring than to use seeds to reproduce, to fix natural, artificial hybrid and artificially selected excellent genotypes after mutation, and to avoid the differentiation of fine varieties in the process of seed reproduction. An important goal of improvement, and an important means to achieve this goal is clonal afforestation. At present, domestic and foreign are trying to use large-scale clonal propagation of the best hybrids and the promotion of clonal afforestation to increase reliable genetic gain. In order to ensure the supply of seedlings, cutting seedlings that can be propagated by cuttings should be used to raise seedlings by cuttings, which can achieve twice the result with half the effort. In order to ensure the speed and purity of seedlings, the establishment of ear picking nurseries is a shortcut.

Hybrid pine, such as wet plus pine and fire plus pine, has become one of the most promising commercial forest species in the southern subtropical region due to the heterosis of complementary parents. At present, _F1 generation cutting seedlings of hybrid pine are used for afforestation, but due to the limited number of _F1 generation seeds, the production of cutting seedlings is restricted, which is far from meeting the needs of the society, and the contradiction between supply and demand is very prominent. Innovating the cultivation method of ear-picking mother plants and improving the yield and quality of cuttings can greatly improve the cutting efficiency, increase the supply of cutting seedlings, and meet the society's demand for hybrid pine seedlings.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a set of effective methods for cultivating ear-picking mother plants aimed at the deficiencies in existing ear-picking mother plant cultivation techniques, so as to increase the cutting yield of the unit ear-picking mother plant and prolong the service life of the mother plant. The purpose of providing sufficient cuttings for afforestation by using F1 generation cutting seedlings of hybrid pine in a large area.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of pine picking fringe mother plant cultivation method, comprises the following steps:

(1) Nursery land selection and site preparation: choose slope land or dry fields with flat terrain, open terrain, soil thickness of more than 60cm and loose, and convenient water drainage and irrigation as nursery land, and prepare the land for use;

(2) Seedling stage management and planting of seedlings: Sow seedlings in selected nurseries in late October. The density of seedlings does not exceed 100 plants/m ² . In the first week of next year's winter, select healthy seedlings with a ground diameter greater than 1cm and no pests and diseases for planting, and cover the surface of the seedbed with straw or peat residue after planting;

(3) High-intensity pruning and regular pruning: After the seedlings are planted, high-intensity pruning including early pruning and low pruning is adopted for the seedlings. carry out pruning;

(4) Cultivation of short-stake platform plant type: During the cultivation of seedlings, combined with the pruning method in step (3), the mother plant is pruned to cultivate a short-stake platform plant type;

(5) Fertilizer and water management: Fertilize 3-5 days before and after ear-picking pruning, fertilize once every 6-9 days between two prunings, and apply water-diluted organic fertilizer or water-soluble fertilizer Compound fertilizer; if the interval between two prunings is more than 45 days, organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer needs to be buried.

The described site preparation in step (2) refers to a seedbed with a width of 1.2 to 1.4 meters and a height of 25 to 30 centimeters according to the horizontal direction of the slope, with the initial planting density of 60 centimeters × 60 centimeters between the rows of plants to make holes, two rows per seedbed, After applying fully retting farmyard manure mixed with phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, return to the soil; for dry field land preparation, a 40cm wide and 60cm deep drainage ditch must be excavated around the nursery, with a width of 1.2~1.4m and a height of 25~ For a 30 cm seedbed, open holes with an initial planting density of 60 cm × 60 cm, and two rows per seedbed. After fully retting the farmyard manure mixed with phosphorus fertilizer as the base fertilizer, return to the soil.

The early pruning in step (3) means that the initial pruning should be done early, 2-2 and a half months after the seedlings are planted, and the pruning is carried out when the mother plant has the following pruning characteristics: the ground diameter of the mother plant is obviously thicker, and the root system grows stably; Low cut means that the cutting edge should be low, and the initial pruning height should not be higher than 10 cm.

The regular pruning in step (3) means that when the seedling branches grow the most suitable cuttings, no matter whether the cuttings are harvested or not, pruning and shaping are carried out, and the most suitable cuttings are secondary needles that have not germinated , budding strips of unopened clusters of primary needles at the top.

The high-intensity pruning and regular pruning described in step (3) are carried out by using the horizontal pruning method and the average angle branching method during the pruning operation. The specific methods are as follows:

(1) Horizontal pruning method: It means that the whole plant is trimmed into a plane every time it is pruned, and the cut is basically kept at the height of the initial pruning, and the surface of the plant must be flattened after each cutting is harvested;

(2) Average angle branching method: In the first year after the initial pruning and the first harvest of cuttings, try to keep the average angle between the branches when pruning, and control the number of first-level branches to no more than 6.

 Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the plant type of "high pile without platform" or "high pile with platform" formed by the traditional technology, the output of cuttings in the first year is less than 20 per plant, and the mother plant is 2 years old. The output of cuttings is less than 50 pieces/(plant·time), the output growth will be slow after 3 years, the cuttings will be weak and uneven, the mother plant will age prematurely, the service life will be short (no more than 4 years), the survival rate of cuttings will be low, and the quality of seedlings will decline; And the "short pile platform" plant type cultivated by the cultivation method of the present invention has a cuttings output of 50-70/plant in the first year, and a production of 100-150 mother plants in 2 years. In the future, the platform will continue to expand, and the output will continue to increase, up to 250~300/(plant·time), the spikes are uniform, the thickness is moderate, the mother plant remains young, and the service life is as long as 6~8 years or longer. High, the quality of seedlings is guaranteed. The "short platform" pine ear-picking mother plant cultivation method of the present invention can significantly increase the output of cutting seedlings without increasing the area of the ear-picking nursery and the number of ear-picking mother plants, and can meet the needs of the society to a greater extent. And improve the economic benefits of seedling production units.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention in any form.

Example 1 The following specific steps were adopted to cultivate pine ear-picking mother plants in the Shaoguan area of northern Guangdong.

1. Nursery selection and site preparation: Choose a slope that is flat, open, with a soil thickness of more than 60cm, loose, and convenient for irrigation and drainage as the nursery. The bed is 1.2 meters wide and 0.25 meters high in the horizontal direction of the slope. The planting density is 60 cm × 60 cm, and the distance between the rows of plants is 60 cm, and the hole is drilled, and there are two rows per seedbed. After fully retting the farmyard manure mixed with phosphorus fertilizer as the base fertilizer, return to the soil.

2. Seedling stage management and planting of seedlings: In late October, in the rainy weather after the rain in this area, sow seedlings in selected nurseries. The density of seedlings should not exceed 100 plants/m ² . Sprinkle the rhizosphere with 1% compound fertilizer aqueous solution every month; select healthy seedlings with a ground diameter greater than 1cm and no pests and diseases and plant them one week before winter in the second year. The planting method is the same as that of afforestation. Cover with straw or peat residue for insulation and moisture retention.

3. Combining high-intensity pruning and regular pruning for low-stake platform plant type cultivation: After the seedlings are planted, high-intensity pruning including early pruning and low pruning is adopted for the seedlings, and when the growth of the seedling branches reaches semi-lignification, Regardless of whether the cuttings are harvested or not, pruning and shaping are carried out, as follows:

(1) High-intensity pruning, using early and low pruning methods to prune the seedlings after planting: 2 and a half months after the seedlings are planted, it is confirmed that the roots of the plants are stable, and the ground diameter of the mother plant is obviously thicker. (Height above the surface soil) 10cm for the first pruning and cutting; after pruning and cutting, the mother plant will start to produce the first batch of spikes in early May, with an average of more than 8 spikes per plant, which can be directly used for cuttings;

(2) Regular pruning: When the mother plant is being cultivated, reasonable water and fertilizer management should be carried out to allow the mother plant to grow normally. Regardless of whether the cuttings are harvested or not, when the mother plant grows secondary needles that have not germinated, the top primary needles Clusters of unopened sprouts are pruned; in northern Guangdong, after two times of harvesting and pruning, before Xiaoyangchun in October of that year, 55 spikes/plant can be produced, and can be directly used for the production of cutting seedlings;

(3) Pruning method: use horizontal pruning method and average angle branching method: in each pruning, keep the uniform distribution of budding branches of the mother plant and remove redundant branches, trim the whole plant into a plane, and keep the cuts basically At the height of the initial pruning, the surface of the plant must be flattened after each cutting is harvested; in the first year after the initial pruning and the first harvest of the cuttings, try to keep the average angle between the branches when pruning, and control the first level The number of branches is not more than 6, and each subsequent pruning is carried out on the same level.

4. Fertilizer and water management:

(1) After the first spike is harvested, on a sunny day, pour the retting farmyard manure first lightly and then thickly, which is not only watering but also timely supplementing nutrients for the mother plant of the spike;

(2) Fertilize 3 days before each ear-picking pruning and after ear-picking pruning, fertilize once every 7 days between the two prunings, and apply water-soluble compound fertilizer; if the interval between the two prunings is more than 45 days, then Organic or compound fertilizers are required.

Example 2 The following specific steps were adopted to cultivate pine ear-picking mother plants in Jiangmen area.

1. Nursery selection and site preparation: Choose a flat, open, loose soil layer with a thickness of more than 60cm and loose, convenient water drainage and irrigation as the nursery, and excavate a drainage ditch with a width of 40cm and a depth of 60cm around it, starting from the north-south direction. 1.4 meters, 0.30 meters high bed, with the initial planting density of 60 cm × 60 cm plant row spacing to open holes, two rows per seedbed, enough fully retting farmyard manure mixed with phosphorus fertilizer as base fertilizer, and then returned to the soil.

2. Seedling stage management and planting of seedlings: In late October, in the rainy weather after the rain in this area, sow seedlings in selected nurseries. The density of seedlings should not exceed 100 plants/m ² . Sprinkle the rhizosphere with 1% compound fertilizer aqueous solution every month; select healthy seedlings with a ground diameter greater than 1cm and no pests and diseases and plant them one week before winter in the second year. The planting method is the same as that of afforestation. Cover with straw or peat residue for insulation and moisture retention.

3. Combining high-intensity pruning and regular pruning for low-stake platform plant type cultivation: After the seedlings are planted, high-intensity pruning including early pruning and low pruning is adopted for the seedlings, and when the growth of the seedling branches reaches semi-lignification, Regardless of whether the cuttings are harvested or not, pruning and shaping are carried out, as follows:

(1) High-intensity pruning, using early and low pruning methods to prune the seedlings after planting: 2 and a half months after the seedlings are planted, it is confirmed that the roots of the plants are stable, and the ground diameter of the mother plant is obviously thicker. (Height above the surface soil) 8cm for the first pruning and cutting; after pruning and cutting, the mother plant will start to produce the first batch of spikes in late April, with an average of more than 10 spikes per plant, which can be used for direct cuttings;

(2) Regular pruning: When the mother plant is being cultivated, reasonable water and fertilizer management should be carried out to allow the mother plant to grow normally and vigorously. Regardless of whether the cuttings are harvested or not, when the mother plant grows secondary needles that have not germinated, the primary needles at the top will The sprouting strips with unopened leaf clusters are pruned; after three times of harvesting and pruning, before Xiaoyangchun in October of that year, 70 fringes/plants will be produced, which can be directly used for the production of cutting seedlings;

(3) Pruning method: use horizontal pruning method and average angle branching method: in each pruning, keep the uniform distribution of budding branches of the mother plant and remove redundant branches, trim the whole plant into a plane, and keep the cuts basically At the height of the initial pruning, the surface of the plant must be flattened after each cutting is harvested; in the first year after the initial pruning and the first harvest of the cuttings, try to keep the average angle between the branches when pruning, and control the first level The number of branches is not more than 6, and each subsequent pruning is carried out on the same level.

4. Fertilizer and water management:

(1) After the first spike is harvested, on a sunny day, pour the retting farmyard manure first lightly and then thickly, which is not only watering but also timely supplementing nutrients for the mother plant of the spike;

(2) Fertilize 3 days before pruning and pruning after pruning, and fertilize once every 6 days between two prunings, and apply organic fertilizer mixed with water; the interval between two prunings is more than 45 days. Apply compound fertilizer. the

Claims (5)

1. pine tree is adopted a fringe maternal plant breeding method, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

(1) garden ground is selected and whole ground: select that physical features is mild, open, soil thickness 60cm above and loose, water conservancy irrigation and drainage hillside fields or dry land are as ground, garden, wholely for subsequent use easily;

(2) seedling management and seedling planting: at selected ground, garden seeding and seedling raising, the density of nursery stock is no more than 100 strains/m in late October ², on Nursery stock transplanting, after cup, every two weeks is executed with 1% composite fertilizer aqueous solution rhizosphere pouring, next year enters to select leading thread and is greater than 1cm the last week in winter, without the healthy and strong seedling planting of damage by disease and insect, after planting at seedbed surface coverage straw or peat residue;

(3) high strength is pruned and regular pruning: after seedling planting, to nursery stock adopt including early cut and low cutting high strength pruning, and in the time that nursery stock shoot growth reaches semi-lignified, no matter whether gather cuttings, all carry out trimming and finishing;

(4) the platform-type plant type of stump is cultivated: in the cultivating process of nursery stock, the trimming method of integrating step (3), prunes maternal plant, cultivates into the platform-type plant type of stump;

(5) rich water quality management: fertilising after adopting fringe at every turn and pruning front 3 ~ 5 days and adopt fringe and prune, every fertilising in 6-9 days 1 time, all the fertilizer that is watered or the composite fertilizer of water-soluble processing are executed in pouring in the middle of twice pruning; Between twice pruning, be separated by more than 45 days, need buriing fertilizer or composite fertilizer.

2. pine tree according to claim 1 is adopted fringe maternal plant breeding method, it is characterized in that: described the referring to by the horizontal direction in hillside fields of step (2) played seedbeds wide 1.2 ~ 1.4 meters, high 25 ~ 30 centimetres wholely, seeding row spacing with 60 centimetres of initial density in planting 60 cm x is beaten bright cave, every seedbed two row, use sufficient and mix phosphate fertilizer through the farmyard manure of abundant retting and do after base manure, return soil; The whole ground of dry land must be wide at ground, garden surrounding excavation 40cm, the drain ditch that 60cm is dark,, the seedbed of high 25 ~ 30 centimetre wide 1.2 ~ 1.4 meters by parallel of North and South direction, seeding row spacing with 60 centimetres of initial density in planting 60 cm x is beaten bright cave, every seedbed two row, use sufficient and mix phosphate fertilizer through the farmyard manure of abundant retting and do after base manure, return soil.

3. pine tree according to claim 1 is adopted fringe maternal plant breeding method, it is characterized in that: step (3) is cut and refer to that first pruning wants early described morning, 2-2 first quarter moon after seedling planting, prunes when maternal plant possesses following pruning feature: maternal plant leading thread obviously increases thick, and root growth is stable; Described low cutting refers to that clip is low, and first cutting range is not higher than 10 centimetres.

4. pine tree according to claim 1 is adopted fringe maternal plant breeding method, it is characterized in that: the described regular pruning of step (3)

Refer to when nursery stock shoot growth goes out the fringe bar of optimum cuttage, no matter whether gather cuttings, carry out trimming and finishing, the fringe bar of described optimum cuttage is that secondary needle is not sprouted, the rudiment bar that the nascent pin leafage in top is not opened.

5. pine tree according to claim 1 is adopted fringe maternal plant breeding method, it is characterized in that: the described high strength pruning of step (3) and regular pruning, in the time carrying out cut operation, adopt horizontal pruning method and average angle branching, and concrete grammar is as follows:

(1) horizontal pruning method: while referring to each pruning, whole plant is accomplished to plane, and clip remains on the height of first pruning substantially, all must be plant surface equating after the cuttings of at every turn gathering;

(2) average angle branching: first prune and the 1st cuttings of gathering after the 1st year, when pruning, make to keep average angle between each branch as far as possible, the quantity that controls first order branch is no more than 6.