CN103814717A - Pine tree stock plant cultivating method - Google Patents
Pine tree stock plant cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103814717A CN103814717A CN201410041800.8A CN201410041800A CN103814717A CN 103814717 A CN103814717 A CN 103814717A CN 201410041800 A CN201410041800 A CN 201410041800A CN 103814717 A CN103814717 A CN 103814717A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pine tree stock plant cultivating method. The method specifically includes the following steps of (1), nursery selection and soil preparation; (2), seedling stage management and seedling planting; (3), high-strength trimming and regular trimming; (4), stump-platform-type plant type cultivating; (5), fertilizer and water management. By the pine tree stock plant cultivating method, cutting seedling yield can be remarkably increased without increasing cutting nursery area and the number of stock plants, scions are uniform and moderate in thickness, stock plants are maintained juvenile, service life reaches 6-8 years or longer, cutting survival rate is high, seeding quality is high, needs of society can be met to greater extent, and economic benefit of seedling producing institutions can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a plant, specifically a kind of pine tree is adopted fringe maternal plant breeding method.
Background technology
Along with improving constantly of social materials educational level, people increase day by day to timber demand amount, and timber imbalance between supply and demand is becoming increasingly acute, and the development of fast-growing and high-yield plantation is maked rapid progress, increasing to pine tree seedling demand.The impact of seed orchard output climate is serious, and seed production is unstable, is not enough to provide the needs of afforestation with nursery stock.Keep the merit of filial generation than more reliable with seminal propagation with vegetative propagation, after fixing natural, artificial hybridization and sudden change through the excellent genes type of artificial selection, avoid breeding in reproductive process, to break up growing directly from seeds, be the important goal of forest tree genetic improvement, an important means that realizes this target is clonal planting.Attempting at present the crossbreed best with extensive vegetative propagation both at home and abroad and carrying out clonal planting increasing reliable genetic gain.In order to ensure seedling supply, that can carry out cottage propagation will carry out cuttage and seedling culture, can play a multiplier effect, and speed and purity in order to guarantee to grow seedlings, setting up cutting orchard is a shortcut.
Hybrid Pine, adds pine, fire and adds the hybrid vigour with parents' complementation such as pine as wet, become one of the most promising Commercial Forests seeds in South Subtropical Area of China.At present with Hybrid Pine F
1for cuttage seeding afforestation, but due to F
1limited for seed amount, cuttage seeding is produced and is restricted, and can not meet social demand far away, and disparities between supply and demand are very outstanding.Fringe maternal plant breeding method is adopted in innovation, improves cuttings output and quality, can greatly improve cuttage efficiency, increases cuttage seeding and supplies with, and meets the demand of society to Hybrid Pine breeding nursery stock.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency of adopting the existence of fringe maternal plant cultivation technology for existing, a set of effective fringe maternal plant breeding method of adopting is provided, reach increase unit and adopt the cuttings output of fringe maternal plant and extend the service life of maternal plant, utilize Hybrid Pine F1 generation cuttage seeding afforestation for large area the object of sufficient cuttings is provided.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of pine tree is adopted fringe maternal plant breeding method, comprises the following steps:
(1) garden ground is selected and whole ground: select that physical features is mild, open, soil thickness 60cm above and loose, water conservancy irrigation and drainage hillside fields or dry land are as ground, garden, wholely for subsequent use easily;
(2) seedling management and seedling planting: at selected ground, garden seeding and seedling raising, the density of nursery stock is no more than 100 strains/m in late October
2, on Nursery stock transplanting, after cup, every two weeks is executed with 1% composite fertilizer aqueous solution rhizosphere pouring, next year enters to select leading thread and is greater than 1cm the last week in winter, without the healthy and strong seedling planting of damage by disease and insect, after planting at seedbed surface coverage straw or peat residue;
(3) high strength is pruned and regular pruning: after seedling planting, to nursery stock adopt including early cut and low cutting high strength pruning, and in the time that nursery stock shoot growth reaches semi-lignified, no matter whether gather cuttings, all carry out trimming and finishing;
(4) the platform-type plant type of stump is cultivated: in the cultivating process of nursery stock, the trimming method of integrating step (3), prunes maternal plant, cultivates into the platform-type plant type of stump;
(5) rich water quality management: fertilising after adopting fringe at every turn and pruning front 3 ~ 5 days and adopt fringe and prune, every fertilising in 6-9 days 1 time, all the fertilizer that is watered or the composite fertilizer of water-soluble processing are executed in pouring in the middle of twice pruning; Between twice pruning, be separated by more than 45 days, need buriing fertilizer or composite fertilizer.
Described the referring to by the horizontal direction in hillside fields of step (2) played seedbeds wide 1.2 ~ 1.4 meters, high 25 ~ 30 centimetres wholely, seeding row spacing with 60 centimetres of initial density in planting 60 cm x is beaten bright cave, every seedbed two row, use sufficient and mix phosphate fertilizer through the farmyard manure of abundant retting and do after base manure, return soil; The whole ground of dry land must be wide at ground, garden surrounding excavation 40cm, the drain ditch that 60cm is dark,, the seedbed of high 25 ~ 30 centimetre wide 1.2 ~ 1.4 meters by parallel of North and South direction, seeding row spacing with 60 centimetres of initial density in planting 60 cm x is beaten bright cave, every seedbed two row, use sufficient and mix phosphate fertilizer through the farmyard manure of abundant retting and do after base manure, return soil.
Step (3) is cut and refer to that first pruning wants early described morning, and 2-2 first quarter moon after seedling planting, prunes when maternal plant possesses following pruning feature: maternal plant leading thread obviously increases thick, and root growth is stablized; Described low cutting refers to that clip is low, and first cutting range is not higher than 10 centimetres.
The described regular pruning of step (3) refers to when nursery stock shoot growth goes out the fringe bar of optimum cuttage, no matter whether gather cuttings, carries out trimming and finishing, and the fringe bar of described optimum cuttage is that secondary needle is not sprouted, the rudiment bar that the nascent pin leafage in top is not opened.
The described high strength pruning of step (3) and regular pruning, in the time carrying out cut operation, adopt horizontal pruning method and average angle branching, and concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) horizontal pruning method: while referring to each pruning, whole plant is accomplished to plane, and clip remains on the height of first pruning substantially, all must be plant surface equating after the cuttings of at every turn gathering;
(2) average angle branching: first prune and the 1st cuttings of gathering after the 1st year, when pruning, make to keep average angle between each branch as far as possible, the quantity that controls first order branch is no more than 6.
?compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: " high stake is without platform " that conventional art forms or " high stake has platform " plant type, within the 1st year, cuttings output is less than 20 articles/strain, within 2 years, breeder mother's strain cuttings output is less than 50 Tiao ∕ (strain time), and increase of production later in 3 years is slow, and fringe bar is slim and frahile and inhomogeneous, maternal plant early ageing, in service life short (being no more than 4 years), cuttage survival rate is low, and seedling quality declines; And " stump the is platform-type " plant type that adopts cultural method of the present invention to cultivate, 50 ~ 70 articles/strain of the 1st year cuttings output, within 2 years, breeder mother's strain output can reach 100 ~ 150 ∕ (strain time), within 3 years, constantly expands with rear platform, output constantly increases, reach as high as 250 ~ 300 ∕ (strain time), fringe bar is even, and thickness is moderate, maternal plant keeps childrenization, reach 6 ~ 8 years or longer service life, cuttage survival rate is high, and seedling quality is guaranteed." short platform-type " of the present invention pine tree is adopted fringe maternal plant breeding method, can be in the situation that not increasing cutting orchard area and adopting fringe maternal plant quantity, significantly improve cuttage seeding output, meeting to a greater extent social demand, and improve the economic benefit of nursery stock production unit.
Embodiment
Further explain the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiment does not limit in any form to the present invention.
Embodiment 1 adopts following concrete steps, carries out pine tree adopt the cultivation of fringe maternal plant in Shaoguan region, North Guangdong.
1, garden ground is selected and whole ground: select that physical features is mild, open, soil thickness 60cm above and loose, water conservancy irrigation and drainage easily hillside fields as ground, garden, rise wide 1.2 meters by hillside fields horizontal direction, the half a step bed of high 0.25 meter, seeding row spacing with 60 centimetres of initial density in planting 60 cm x is beaten bright cave, every seedbed two row, use sufficient and mix phosphate fertilizer through the farmyard manure of abundant retting and do after base manure, return soil.
2, seedling management and seedling planting: in late October, the rainy weather under this area after saturating rain is at selected ground, garden seeding and seedling raising, and the density of nursery stock is no more than 100 strains/m
2, on Nursery stock transplanting, after cup, every two weeks drenches and executes with 1% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution rhizosphere; Second Year enters to select leading thread and is greater than 1cm the last week in winter, and without the healthy and strong seedling planting of damage by disease and insect, implantation methods is identical with afforestation, steady and sure ridging around after righting nursery stock, and at seedbed surface coverage straw or peat residue in order to insulation, moisturizing.
3, the platform-type plant type cultivation of stump is carried out in combined high-strength pruning and regular pruning: after seedling planting, to nursery stock adopt including early cut and low cutting high strength prune, and in the time that nursery stock shoot growth reaches semi-lignified, no matter whether gather cuttings, all carry out trimming and finishing, as follows:
(1) high strength is pruned, adopt and early cut and the nursery stock of low mode of cutting after to field planting pruned: 2 first quarter moons after seedling planting, determine that plant takes root stable, the leading thread of maternal plant obviously increases when thick, and at high apart from foundation (the above height of table soil), cutting strunk is pruned at 10cm place for the first time; Prune after cutting strunk, maternal plant starts to produce first fringe bar in the first tenday period of a month in May, and average every strain more than 8, can be used by cuttage;
(2) regular pruning: in the time of carrying out maternal plant cultivation, carry out rational water and fertilizer management, allow maternal plant normal growth, no matter whether gather cuttings, do not sprout when maternal plant grows secondary needle, the rudiment bar that the nascent pin leafage in top is not opened, prunes; In North Guangdong, gather and prune through 2 times, before the little spring in October then, can produce 55/strain of fringe bar, and can be directly used in the production of cuttage nursery stock;
(3) trimming method: adopt horizontal pruning method and average angle branching: in the time of each pruning, retain being uniformly distributed of maternal plant rudiment branch and remove unnecessary branch, whole plant is accomplished to plane, and clip remains on the height of first pruning substantially, all must be plant surface equating after the cuttings of at every turn gathering; First prune and the 1st cuttings of gathering after the 1st year, when pruning, make to keep average angle between each branch as far as possible, control no more than 6 of the quantity of first order branch, later each pruning is carried out in same level.
4, rich water quality management:
(1) receive and adopt completely in fringe bar for the first time, at fine day, the farmyard manure through retting is executed in first light rear dense pouring, is that pouring also can supplement nutrient to adopting fringe maternal plant in time;
(2) adopt after fringe pruning is pruned first 3 days and adopted to fringe at every turn and apply fertilizer, twice pruning is middle every fertilising in 7 days 1 time, the composite fertilizer that all water-soluble processing is executed in pouring; Between twice pruning, be separated by more than 45 days, need buriing fertilizer or composite fertilizer.
Embodiment 2 adopts following concrete steps, carries out pine tree adopt the cultivation of fringe maternal plant in Jiangmen.
1, garden ground is selected and whole ground: select that physical features is mild, open, soil thickness 60cm above and loose, water conservancy irrigation and drainage easily dry land as ground, garden, surrounding is excavated wide 40cm, the drain ditch of dark 60cm, rise wide 1.4 meters by North and South direction direction, the half a step bed of high 0.30 meter, beats bright cave with the seeding row spacing of 60 centimetres of initial density in planting 60 cm x, every seedbed two row, use sufficient and mix phosphate fertilizer through the farmyard manure of abundant retting and do after base manure, return soil.
2, seedling management and seedling planting: in late October, the rainy weather under this area after saturating rain is at selected ground, garden seeding and seedling raising, and the density of nursery stock is no more than 100 strains/m
2, on Nursery stock transplanting, after cup, every two weeks drenches and executes with 1% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution rhizosphere; Second Year enters to select leading thread and is greater than 1cm the last week in winter, and without the healthy and strong seedling planting of damage by disease and insect, implantation methods is identical with afforestation, steady and sure ridging around after righting nursery stock, and at seedbed surface coverage straw or peat residue in order to insulation, moisturizing.
3, the platform-type plant type cultivation of stump is carried out in combined high-strength pruning and regular pruning: after seedling planting, to nursery stock adopt including early cut and low cutting high strength prune, and in the time that nursery stock shoot growth reaches semi-lignified, no matter whether gather cuttings, all carry out trimming and finishing, as follows:
(1) high strength is pruned, adopt and early cut and the nursery stock of low mode of cutting after to field planting pruned: 2 first quarter moons after seedling planting, determine that plant takes root stable, the leading thread of maternal plant obviously increases when thick, and at high apart from foundation (the above height of table soil), cutting strunk is pruned at 8cm place for the first time; Prune after cutting strunk, maternal plant starts to produce first fringe bar in late April, and average every strain more than 10, can be used by cuttage;
(2) regular pruning: in the time of carrying out maternal plant cultivation, carry out rational water and fertilizer management, allow the normal vigorous growth of maternal plant, no matter whether gather cuttings, do not sprout when maternal plant grows secondary needle, the rudiment bar that the nascent pin leafage in top is not opened, prunes; Gather and prune through 3 times, before the little spring in October then, producing 70/strain of fringe bar, and can be directly used in the production of cuttage nursery stock;
(3) trimming method: adopt horizontal pruning method and average angle branching: in the time of each pruning, retain being uniformly distributed of maternal plant rudiment branch and remove unnecessary branch, whole plant is accomplished to plane, and clip remains on the height of first pruning substantially, all must be plant surface equating after the cuttings of at every turn gathering; First prune and the 1st cuttings of gathering after the 1st year, when pruning, make to keep average angle between each branch as far as possible, control no more than 6 of the quantity of first order branch, later each pruning is carried out in same level.
4, rich water quality management:
(1) receive and adopt completely in fringe bar for the first time, at fine day, the farmyard manure through retting is executed in first light rear dense pouring, is that pouring also can supplement nutrient to adopting fringe maternal plant in time;
(2) adopt after fringe pruning is pruned first 3 days and adopted to fringe at every turn and apply fertilizer, in the middle of twice pruning, every fertilising in 6 days 1 time, all the fertilizer being watered is executed in pouring; Between twice pruning, be separated by more than 45 days, buriing composite fertilizer.
Claims (5)
1. pine tree is adopted a fringe maternal plant breeding method, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) garden ground is selected and whole ground: select that physical features is mild, open, soil thickness 60cm above and loose, water conservancy irrigation and drainage hillside fields or dry land are as ground, garden, wholely for subsequent use easily;
(2) seedling management and seedling planting: at selected ground, garden seeding and seedling raising, the density of nursery stock is no more than 100 strains/m in late October
2, on Nursery stock transplanting, after cup, every two weeks is executed with 1% composite fertilizer aqueous solution rhizosphere pouring, next year enters to select leading thread and is greater than 1cm the last week in winter, without the healthy and strong seedling planting of damage by disease and insect, after planting at seedbed surface coverage straw or peat residue;
(3) high strength is pruned and regular pruning: after seedling planting, to nursery stock adopt including early cut and low cutting high strength pruning, and in the time that nursery stock shoot growth reaches semi-lignified, no matter whether gather cuttings, all carry out trimming and finishing;
(4) the platform-type plant type of stump is cultivated: in the cultivating process of nursery stock, the trimming method of integrating step (3), prunes maternal plant, cultivates into the platform-type plant type of stump;
(5) rich water quality management: fertilising after adopting fringe at every turn and pruning front 3 ~ 5 days and adopt fringe and prune, every fertilising in 6-9 days 1 time, all the fertilizer that is watered or the composite fertilizer of water-soluble processing are executed in pouring in the middle of twice pruning; Between twice pruning, be separated by more than 45 days, need buriing fertilizer or composite fertilizer.
2. pine tree according to claim 1 is adopted fringe maternal plant breeding method, it is characterized in that: described the referring to by the horizontal direction in hillside fields of step (2) played seedbeds wide 1.2 ~ 1.4 meters, high 25 ~ 30 centimetres wholely, seeding row spacing with 60 centimetres of initial density in planting 60 cm x is beaten bright cave, every seedbed two row, use sufficient and mix phosphate fertilizer through the farmyard manure of abundant retting and do after base manure, return soil; The whole ground of dry land must be wide at ground, garden surrounding excavation 40cm, the drain ditch that 60cm is dark,, the seedbed of high 25 ~ 30 centimetre wide 1.2 ~ 1.4 meters by parallel of North and South direction, seeding row spacing with 60 centimetres of initial density in planting 60 cm x is beaten bright cave, every seedbed two row, use sufficient and mix phosphate fertilizer through the farmyard manure of abundant retting and do after base manure, return soil.
3. pine tree according to claim 1 is adopted fringe maternal plant breeding method, it is characterized in that: step (3) is cut and refer to that first pruning wants early described morning, 2-2 first quarter moon after seedling planting, prunes when maternal plant possesses following pruning feature: maternal plant leading thread obviously increases thick, and root growth is stable; Described low cutting refers to that clip is low, and first cutting range is not higher than 10 centimetres.
4. pine tree according to claim 1 is adopted fringe maternal plant breeding method, it is characterized in that: the described regular pruning of step (3)
Refer to when nursery stock shoot growth goes out the fringe bar of optimum cuttage, no matter whether gather cuttings, carry out trimming and finishing, the fringe bar of described optimum cuttage is that secondary needle is not sprouted, the rudiment bar that the nascent pin leafage in top is not opened.
5. pine tree according to claim 1 is adopted fringe maternal plant breeding method, it is characterized in that: the described high strength pruning of step (3) and regular pruning, in the time carrying out cut operation, adopt horizontal pruning method and average angle branching, and concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) horizontal pruning method: while referring to each pruning, whole plant is accomplished to plane, and clip remains on the height of first pruning substantially, all must be plant surface equating after the cuttings of at every turn gathering;
(2) average angle branching: first prune and the 1st cuttings of gathering after the 1st year, when pruning, make to keep average angle between each branch as far as possible, the quantity that controls first order branch is no more than 6.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104904542A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-16 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for building cutting orchard with Pinus massoniana Lamb. tissue culture seedlings |
| CN105493862A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-20 | 四川万格农业科技有限公司 | Technology for cultivating idesia platform type tree form cutting |
| CN106416871A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-22 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating paper mulberry stock plant |
| CN107853046A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-30 | 吉安市林业科学研究所 | A kind of wet-land pine tree industrial cuttage method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108076951A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-05-29 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of China fir mother plant for cutting yield regulates and controls method |
| CN108243750A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-06 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of method for improving horse hair pine cuttage maternal plant production fringe amount |
| CN114902883A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-16 | 南京林业大学 | Method for intensively producing cutting shoots and twigs of catalpa bungei |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104904542A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-16 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for building cutting orchard with Pinus massoniana Lamb. tissue culture seedlings |
| CN104904542B (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2017-06-06 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of method that utilization masson pine tissue-cultured seedling builds cutting orchard |
| CN105493862A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-20 | 四川万格农业科技有限公司 | Technology for cultivating idesia platform type tree form cutting |
| CN106416871A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-22 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating paper mulberry stock plant |
| CN107853046A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-30 | 吉安市林业科学研究所 | A kind of wet-land pine tree industrial cuttage method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108076951A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-05-29 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of China fir mother plant for cutting yield regulates and controls method |
| CN108243750A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-06 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of method for improving horse hair pine cuttage maternal plant production fringe amount |
| CN114902883A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-16 | 南京林业大学 | Method for intensively producing cutting shoots and twigs of catalpa bungei |
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