CN106489647A - Fructus Myricae rubrae branch prunes maintenance process - Google Patents
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- CN106489647A CN106489647A CN201610944607.4A CN201610944607A CN106489647A CN 106489647 A CN106489647 A CN 106489647A CN 201610944607 A CN201610944607 A CN 201610944607A CN 106489647 A CN106489647 A CN 106489647A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
A kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae branch prunes maintenance process, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：1. determine plant for pruning and prune period, plant for pruning：Tree body is tall and big, the Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) of interior thorax illumination difference, and on selection Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae), adnation position is unreasonable, direction of extension is undesirable, the branch of base portion 1.5～4cm of rugosity；Pruning period：After Fructus Myricae rubrae harvesting terminates, before meteorological " entering the hottest period of the summer ", in the fine day or more dry cloudy day is selected to be pruned；2. cut operation, to selected branch, on branch longitudinally portrays more than 3 with cutter and portrays line, portrays line as deep as xylem, then holds the branch through portraying, firmly reverse, and the direction of extension of change branch of taking advantage of a situation, till being rotated up to desired position；3. the maintenance after pruning.The present invention has easy to operate, pruning effect good.
Description
Technical field
A kind of the present invention relates to Fructus Myricae rubrae cultural method, more particularly to the method that Fructus Myricae rubrae branch is pruned and subsequently conserved.
Background technology
Fructus Myricae rubrae (Myrica rubra) is the distinctive evergreen fruit trees of south China, as economic forest Main Cultivation in Zhejiang,
The provinces such as Jiangsu, Fujian, Hunan, Guangdong.Fructus Myricae rubrae cultivation includes shaping with multinomial production links such as prunings.When pruning, adopt
Method have bud picking (except sprouting), pinching, short cut, prune off (dredge and delete), retraction, draw branch and support branch (hanging branch), band girdle and girdling (laterally
Carve wound, lose money instead of making money skin, crude iron silk and squeeze out), be completely cured.
For the pruning of Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae), document report is a lot.Related patent of invention is quite a few, such as but knows clever " Fructus Myricae rubrae landscape
" one kind is easy to hang for the formative method of tree " (application number 201410775679.1, publication number CN104396602A), woods flag China etc.
The Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) pruning method of fly net " (application number 201410723625.0, publication number CN104521659A), Weng Zejun are " a kind of
The method of big black wood charcoal Fructus Myricae rubrae high-yield cultivating " (application number 201410120186.4, publication number CN103960101A), gloomy Seedling of beam etc.
" a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae downgrades tree-like breeding method " (application number 201510453967.X, publication number CN105010074A).These texts
Offer or patent involved by pruning content be all conventional open method.
Above-mentioned pruning method, it is possible to resolve conventional Fructus Myricae rubrae prunes problem.But tree shortening trimming big to Fructus Myricae rubrae, strong up and weak down poplar
When Prunus mume (Sieb.) Sieb. Et Zucc happily prunes (pruning also known as blank), thorax covers tree-pruning in tree crown, only can not be solved with these pruning methods
Whole issue.I.e. to the irrational branch in the position of some medium-coarses, pruning is not reached according to the method that prunes off or bounce back
Purpose, if retain and not cutting and giving free rein to regulation and be obviously unable to benign development, is difficult to the direction of extension for adjusting branch if band girdle.
It has been found that using drawing the method for branch pruning in existing document, such as in Application No. 201510329845.X
State's invention patent application publication《A kind of plantation pruning method of Corm Eleocharitiss Fructus Myricae rubrae》(105028080 A of application publication number CN)；May be used also
Chinese invention patent application with application reference number as 201510760032.6《A kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae fall " crowd " tree-like prune and cultivation side
Method》(application publication number CN105309267A).But because drawing the branch elasticity after branch big, one loosens branch, and its direction of extension is easy
Restore, while it is cumbersome to draw branch to operate, labor intensity is larger, be therefore then difficult to operate and be difficult to take effect using drawing branch,
Pruning effect is not reached.
Bent branch is a kind of pruning method, on Fructus Myricae rubrae also has application,《Zhejiang south Fructus Myricae rubrae cultivation practical technique》(square great waves,
2015) pruning method of a kind of " bent branch " is listed in p73：" bent branch changes branch top direction.Perpendicular to the ground line is mainly increased
Angle, until level, also include that left and right changes direction.Angular divergence can substantially weaken apical dominance, improve rudiment power, reduce
Branch growing way gap is sent out, reduces auxin, similar gibberellins, nitrogen content is few and carbohydrate increases, and ethylene contents increase, because
And the angle of the first transaction of a day's business branch is conducive to the formation of bud.React from tree body, tree crown can be expanded, improve illumination condition.Using long shoot
After angle of release result is sagging, be conducive to nearly basal shoot rejuvenating.On treelet and firstfruits tree, spreading angle is to promote treelet early bearing
High yield, the common method for simplifying pruning." understand from its word content, " bent branch " here is clearly to treelet and firstfruits tree
Draw the pruning method of branch or support branch etc.
And we have found that some monographs are not had an optimistic view of Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) and carry out turning round branch with injured pruning.《Fructus Myricae rubrae》(Miao Songlin etc.,
1987) record on p130：" control tree vigo(u)r using the method for branch and injured is turned round, promote flower_bud formation and improve percentage of fertile fruit and
Yield.Turn round that branch is that branch one end is motionless and the other end is torqued into certain angle clockwise, injure xylem and phloem.
Injured is that orthostatic branch handss are bent to horizontal direction, injures xylem and phloem.As Fructus Myricae rubrae branch is crisp, perform the operation
The rate that fractures later and mortality rate are very high, though summer and autumn branch than more flexible when carry out, also its disadvantage unavoidable.So general
Do not use easily.”《Fructus Myricae rubrae》(2002) Zheng Yongping is said on p136：" on other fruit trees, the control such as conventional torsion branch, injured is new
The method of tip growth, should not adopt on Fructus Myricae rubrae, because Fructus Myricae rubrae branch is crisp easily broken, fracture rate and the mortality rate of Post operation branch
Very high, though branch than more flexible when no exception, so production is much upper not adopting.”《Fructus Myricae rubrae technique for cultivating high-quality and high-yield》
(how continue China etc., 2008),《Figure says Fructus Myricae rubrae efficiency cultivation technology for high》(Cheng Xiaojian etc., 2008) etc. monograph have similar elaboration.Can
See that the method such as existing torsion branch, Qu Zhi, folding branch is directly turned round the operation of branch (bent branch, injured), changes its direction of extension, fracture rate
Very high with mortality rate, expert is it is not recommended that use.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is provided a kind of easy to operate and to poplar for the above-mentioned state of the art
Prunus mume (Sieb.) Sieb. Et Zucc damages little Fructus Myricae rubrae branch and prunes maintenance process.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of big tree shortening trimming, strong up and weak down of suitable Fructus Myricae rubrae
The Fructus Myricae rubrae branch that Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) is happily pruned, thorax covers tree-pruning in tree crown prunes maintenance process, can obtain good technology effect
Really.
The present invention solve the technical scheme that adopted of above-mentioned technical problem for：A kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae branch prunes maintenance process, its
It is characterised by comprising the steps：
1. determine plant for pruning and prune period：
Plant for pruning：Tree body is tall and big, the Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) of interior thorax illumination difference, select Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) on adnation position unreasonable, stretch
Direction is undesirable, the branch of base portion 1.5～4cm of rugosity；
Pruning period：After Fructus Myricae rubrae harvesting terminates, and before meteorological " entering the hottest period of the summer ", selection is dried in fine day or more
Cloudy day is pruned；
2. cut operation
To selected branch, with cutter longitudinally portray on branch side by side at least 3 portray line, portray line per bar along branch
Length direction, portray line as deep as xylem, then hold the branch through portraying, firmly reverse, and take advantage of a situation and change branch and stretch
Exhibition direction, till being rotated up to desired position, after pruning, branch is light or heavy to cause near middle at torsion convex
Rise, curved under two ends, form the back of a bow, the anterior half root branch of the back of a bow is sagging；
3. the maintenance after pruning
Erase in time the inappropriate rudiment in position and direction on the back of a bow；To growing the rudiment of the golden mean of the Confucian school, retain a part, quantity
Normal growth development is affected as degree mutually significantly not cover；The rudiment occurred by branch base portion, selects and remain 1～2 and is protected
Stay and cultivate, retain branch of anterior half root of the back of a bow in sagging gesture；
After the harvesting of Second Year Waxberry fruit, if other fruit-bearing shoot clusters that is cultivated near the branch or fruitful branch are still paid no attention to
Think, and the branch itself is not apparent from weak, then continuation reservation again so as to continue result afterwards；If the branch is nearby cultivated
Other fruit-bearing shoot clusters or fruitful branch, more satisfactory, result after being conducive to can then be wiped out or be sawed and be removed.
Step 1. described in Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) can be carry out shortening trimming the big tree of Fructus Myricae rubrae, prepare happy prune upper strong under
The Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) that thorax is covered in weak Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) or tree crown.
Further, step 1. described in pruning period Zhejiang be mid-June to mid-July.
Further, step 2. described in line number amount of portraying be to count gained after branch that certain root is characterized is maked an inspection tour one week
Portray line number value.
Preferably, step 2. described in line of portraying be substantially parallel to each other.
Further, step 2. described in branch tearing branch when reversing, through following process：The branch that significantly stab out is first cleared up
Locally, diseases prevention medicament is sprayed then, after drying, then with film bundling.
Further, step 3. described in pruning after maintenance also comprise the steps：After the harvesting of Second Year Waxberry fruit,
That 1～2 branch that is selected and remain in alternative branch base portion is further cultivated as side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Further, step 3. described in pruning after maintenance also comprise the steps：The branch of process, will facilitate every year
Bear fruit more, when the branch base portion side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster cause obvious adverse effect to other shoot growth development around, with
When its when nearby other fruit-bearing shoot cluster is trained, the branch for being reversed is deleted from hunchbacked base portion, or except reservation base portion institute
Outside side shoot that 1～2 branch that selects and remain is trained or fruit-bearing shoot cluster, eliminate entirely.
Further, step 3. described in incorrect rudiment be the rudiment of intensive generation, the rudiment of surging growth on the back of a bow,
Substantially stretching to same direction and give birth to rudiment or have the rudiment of notable mechanical injury or pest and disease damage.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that：
1. existing torsion branch, bent branch or folding branch, and have no through carving wound and directly operated, there is branch easy to break
Disconnected, direction of extension such as is not easily controlled at the defect.And Fructus Myricae rubrae branch of the present invention is carved through longitudinal direction after wound, branch is reversed to be become to be easier to,
And branch direction of extension is easily controllable.
2. method is easy, and easy to learn, on Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae), one just can smoothly carry out operation.
3. the branch processed with the present invention is torqued into rational direction (angle), is trained a fruit-bearing shoot cluster then.
This with start to cultivate compared with a fruit-bearing shoot cluster needs the time of 2 or three years from shoot, equivalent to shortening the culture time limit.
4. the disposable quantity for deleting bough, middle branch can be reduced in thorax in Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae), it is to avoid Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) is produced because excessively pruning
Give birth to violent pruning reaction and sprout new buds in a large number, so as to entire effect bud differentiation then.
5. the big wound quantity that prunes then is reduced, is healed beneficial to clip (saw kerf), and is advantageously reduced disease pest and infect
Chance.
6. the branch retained by the present invention plays the role of certain burning sun that blocks and irradiates, and can reduce or mitigate interior thorax bark and burn
Hinder probability and degree of burning.
7. the branch that prunes through the present invention, next year easily bears fruit, and is easily trained high quality fruit because shoot growth gesture is not vigorous,
The result utilization rate of the branch is improve, so that whole strain Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) remains more commodity fruits.
8. the branch for being reversed with the present invention, due to relatively sturdy, than stronger, the handss after being easy to when Fructus Myricae rubrae harvests are climbed
Foot steps on the hook with fruit basket fruit basket, is actually conducive to improving the work efficiency that Waxberry fruit is plucked.
9. direction of extension changes, and growth weakens, and is conducive to flower_bud formation and yields positive results, and can be kept for one to several years, has
Beneficial to the contradiction that the amount of bearing fruit is substantially reduced because of shearing big branch is alleviated, so as to keep certain economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment, the first step determine plant for pruning and pruning period
Plant for pruning：To the big tree of the Fructus Myricae rubrae for carrying out shortening trimming, or prepare the upper of happy pruning (blank pruning)
Weak Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) under strong, or the Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) that thorax is covered in tree crown, selection adnation position is unreasonable, direction of extension is undesirable (as directly
The strong and raw branch of vertical property is more), the branch of base portion 1.5～4cm of rugosity.The middle and lower part baldness of these branches or growth promoter are healthy and strong
Sprig is rare, and middle and upper part sprig is more.This kind of Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) generally has tree body taller and bigger, the poor defect of interior thorax illumination.This
Class branch, if retain not cutting (saw), does not obviously reach the basic object of shearing big branch；If but which is cut (saw) from base portion remove,
Then seem hollow again around this, thus, this kind of branch can be pruned using this law.
Pruning period：After Fructus Myricae rubrae harvesting terminates in a period of time, should be before meteorological " entering the hottest period of the summer ".The concrete time is in Zhejiang
River is when in mid-June to mid-July (other Fructus Myricae rubrae producing regions, should be according to local climate condition Reasonable adjustment).Preferably fine day or compared with
Pruned for the dry cloudy day.
Second step, cut operation
To selected branch, with carpenter's Special cutting knife or other cutters, on branch, meticulously longitudinally portray side by side 3～10
Bar portrays line (the thicker moment setting-out of branch is preferably more, and the thinner moment setting-out of branch can be lacked, and flexibly grasps), portrays line per bar long along branch
Degree direction arrangement, as deep as xylem (branch is relatively thick preferably partially deep, and branch more carefully can be partially shallow).It is that certain root is characterized that line number amount is portrayed in longitudinal direction
Branch make an inspection tour one week after count gained and portray line number value.Then the branch through portraying with the hands is held, is firmly reversed, and
Take advantage of a situation and change the direction of extension of branch, till being rotated up to desired position.After so pruning, branch is light or heavy to be caused to turn round
At turning near middle raise up, " back of a bow " curved under two ends.At this moment, the anterior half root branch of the back of a bow is slight sag.
3rd step, the maintenance after pruning
Easily there are some rudiments on the back of a bow, the inappropriate rudiment in position and direction of should erasing in time is (such as sprouting for intensive generation
Bud, the rudiment of surging growth on the back of a bow, hence it is evident that stretching to same direction and give birth to rudiment, have sprouting for notable mechanical injury or pest and disease damage
Bud, etc.)；To growing the rudiment of the golden mean of the Confucian school, can suitably retain a part, quantity affects normal growth mutually significantly not cover
Develop for degree.The rudiment occurred by branch base portion, can take the circumstances into consideration to select and remain 1～2 is retained and is cultivated.And the anterior half root branch of the back of a bow
Bar, because in sagging gesture, growth potential substantially can weaken, is conducive to summer and autumn to form bud, and in the second annual bearing.
After the harvesting of Second Year Waxberry fruit, if other fruit-bearing shoot clusters that is cultivated near this or fruitful branch are still undesirable,
And the branch itself is not apparent from weak again, then can continue to retain so as to continue result afterwards.In this year and several thereafter years, the branch
That 1～2 branch that bar base portion is selected and remain further can be cultivated as side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Through the branch of this law process, bear fruit to be facilitated every year more.When its base portion side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster are to other branch around
Bar growth promoter causes obvious adverse effect, at the same its nearby other fruit-bearing shoot cluster be trained, at this moment, can be being reversed
Branch is deleted from hunchbacked base portion, or except retaining side shoot or the fruit-bearing shoot cluster is trained by that 1～2 branch for being selected and remain of base portion
Outward, eliminate entirely.
Note：Can not on same strain Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) once property to reverse branch using this law too many, otherwise still have interior thorax to cover
Suspicion.
Vertical when carving, portray substantially parallel between line, must not intersect, otherwise when branch is reversed easy tearing bark with wooden
Matter portion, and it is unfavorable for that shoot growth is developed.If imprudence tearing branch, after clearing up the branch for significantly stabbing out local, spray
Conventional diseases prevention medicament (such as carbendazim, Bravo, Mancozeb etc.) is spilt, after drying, then with film bundling, prevents rainwater from penetrating into,
Prevent from infecting, promote wound healing.
According to the relative position of branch and the personnel of pruning, or the custom of personnel can be pruned exert oneself gesture, branch is clockwise
(watching from branch taper to base portion) or counterclockwise reverse, and combine direction of extension expected from branch, control degree of rotation,
To obtain optimal torsion effect.
According to the method for the present embodiment, specifically real in Cixi City bureau of agriculture Fructus Myricae rubrae production show area in 2014～2016 years
Apply.Branch growth gesture decrease is carried out, bud differentiation is good, next year situation of bearing fruit is normal (but because anterior half root branch is slightly sagging, really
The real period of maturation is averagely postponed 2 days or so than Herb, and fruit quality is excellent)；So far not yet carry out from hunchbacked to reversing branch
Half is deleted or carries out training deletion from base portion.Rudiment is reasonably distributed through science control, the branch that is formed.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae branch prunes maintenance process, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
1. determine plant for pruning and prune period：
Plant for pruning：Tree body is tall and big, the Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) of interior thorax illumination difference, selects on Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) that adnation position is unreasonable, direction of extension
The undesirable, branch of base portion 1.5～4cm of rugosity；
Pruning period：After Fructus Myricae rubrae harvesting terminates, and before meteorological " entering the hottest period of the summer ", select in the fine day or more dry cloudy day
Pruned；
2. cut operation
To selected branch, with cutter longitudinally portray on branch side by side at least 3 portray line, portray line per bar along branch length
Direction, portrays line as deep as xylem, then holds the branch through portraying, firmly reverse, and the stretching, extension side of change branch of taking advantage of a situation
To till being rotated up to desired position, after pruning, branch is light or heavy to cause near middle at torsion to raise up, two
Curved under end, the back of a bow is formed, the anterior half root branch of the back of a bow is sagging；
3. the maintenance after pruning
Erase in time the inappropriate rudiment in position and direction on the back of a bow；To growing the rudiment of the golden mean of the Confucian school, retain a part, quantity is with phase
Mutually significantly do not cover and normal growth development is affected for degree；To branch base portion occur rudiment, select and remain 1～2 is retained with
Culture, retains branch of anterior half root of the back of a bow in sagging gesture；
After the harvesting of Second Year Waxberry fruit, if other fruit-bearing shoot clusters that is cultivated near the branch or fruitful branch are still undesirable, and
The branch itself is not apparent from weak, then continuation reservation again so as to continue result afterwards；If other knots that the branch is nearby cultivated
Fruit branch group or fruitful branch, more satisfactory, result after being conducive to can then be wiped out or be sawed and be removed.
2. Fructus Myricae rubrae branch according to claim 1 prunes maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 1. described in Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae)
For carrying out the big tree of Fructus Myricae rubrae of shortening trimming, preparing the Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) that thorax is covered in the happy strong up and weak down Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) that prunes or tree crown.
3. Fructus Myricae rubrae branch according to claim 1 prunes maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 1. described in pruning when
Phase Zhejiang be mid-June to mid-July.
4. Fructus Myricae rubrae branch according to claim 1 prunes maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 2. described in longitudinal direction quarter
Setting-out quantity be count gained after branch that certain root is characterized is maked an inspection tour one week portray line number value.
5. Fructus Myricae rubrae branch according to claim 4 prunes maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 2. described in portray line
It is substantially parallel to each other.
6. Fructus Myricae rubrae branch according to claim 1 prunes maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 2. described in branch reverse
When tearing branch, through following process：The branch local that significantly stabs out is first cleared up, then diseases prevention medicament is sprayed, after drying, then with thin
Film is wrapped up.
7. Fructus Myricae rubrae branch according to claim 1 prunes maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 3. described in pruning after
Maintenance also comprise the steps：After the harvesting of Second Year Waxberry fruit, in that 1～2 branch that alternative branch base portion is selected and remain
Further culture is side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
8. Fructus Myricae rubrae branch according to claim 1 prunes maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 3. described in pruning after
Maintenance also comprise the steps：The branch of process, will facilitate every year and bearing fruit more, when the branch base portion side shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster pair
The other shoot growth development of surrounding causes obvious adverse effect, while when near which, other fruit-bearing shoot cluster is trained, institute
The branch of torsion is deleted from hunchbacked base portion, or except retaining side shoot or the knot is trained by that 1～2 branch for being selected and remain of base portion
Outside Fruit branch group, eliminate entirely.
9. Fructus Myricae rubrae branch according to claim 1 prunes maintenance process, it is characterised in that step 3. described in incorrect
Rudiment is the rudiment of intensive generation, the rudiment of surging growth on the back of a bow, substantially stretch to same direction and raw rudiment or have aobvious
Write the rudiment of mechanical injury or pest and disease damage.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109526526A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-03-29 | 湖南喜杨杨果树种植专业合作社 | A kind of good cultural method of red bayberry fruit tree high yield |
| CN109566099A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-05 | 温州商学院 | A kind of picking robot |
| CN110754283A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-02-07 | 湖南瑞生源生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of waxberries |
| CN112154806A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2021-01-01 | 西咸新区咸恒农业科技有限公司 | Method for promoting upward healthy growth of branches by longitudinally breaking branch surface tissues |
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