CN105309267A - Method of trimming and cultivating waxberry tree into inverted umbrella shape - Google Patents
Method of trimming and cultivating waxberry tree into inverted umbrella shape Download PDFInfo
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- CN105309267A CN105309267A CN201510760032.6A CN201510760032A CN105309267A CN 105309267 A CN105309267 A CN 105309267A CN 201510760032 A CN201510760032 A CN 201510760032A CN 105309267 A CN105309267 A CN 105309267A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of trimming and cultivating a waxberry tree into an inverted umbrella shape. The method comprises the steps that during the period of seedling grafting and field planting of the waxberry tree, the trunk is made to deflect by an angle of 11.25-22.5 degrees from the vertical line; next, two boughs at the first layer are formed in the following growing seasons and made to deflect by an angle of 22.5-45 degrees from the vertical line; another two boughs are formed on each of the two boughs at the first layer, and branches of the boughs at the second layer are made to deflect by an angle of 11.25-22.5 degrees from the vertical line. The cultivating method for the inverted umbrella shape of the waxberry tree is an innovation on the basis of a dwarf tree shape cultivating method, the tree shape is simple in structure, facilitates operation by a fruit grower who can accept and grasp the method easily, orchard management is convenient, radial popularization can be facilitated, and the waxberry tree shape is a novel, dwarf and high-quality cultivated tree shape capable of saving labor.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, belong to the shaping and trimming method utilizing " crowd " shape tree-like concretely, impel the tree-like dwarfing of red bayberry, ahead of time result, reach the method downgrading early knot.
Background technology
Red bayberry (MyricarubraSieb.etZucc) belongs to Myruca ceas (Myricaceae) Myrica(Myrica) (MyricaL.) plant, it is the precious fruit of special product of south China, also be good greening and Properties of Fire Prevention Trees, generally plant in south China mountain red soil and yellow earth soil property, cultivation optimum pH is between 4.5-5.5.At present, red bayberry is under natural suitable condition, and the tree-like height of strawberry tree is 5-8 rice, the width of tree crown is 4-5 rice, and due to tree-like tall and big, this brings no small difficulty to the harvesting of Waxberry fruit, in addition, arrange cultivation for some, tall trees shape adds the cost of cultivation.
This is necessary to provide a kind of new method to downgrade the tree-like of red bayberry, does not affect the output of the unit are of red bayberry simultaneously, improves quality and the commodity rate of Waxberry fruit simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of conventional art, the invention provides a kind of method of pruning strawberry tree newly, the method can downgrade that red bayberry is tree-like, ahead of time result, reaches per unit area yield, Advantageous Effects that commodity rate all improves.
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of strawberry tree and fall " crowd " shape tree-like and shaping methods, the wherein tree-like crown height of this red bayberry 2.3 ~ 2.5 meters, crown diameter 4.2 ~ 5.0 meters, tiltedly plants, and non-stop layer is done, retain 2, ground floor major branch, 4, second layer major branch, therefore, be referred to as down " crowd " tree-like.Its " without the happy shape of trunk ", the impact of internal thorax, bottom branch is little, and ventilation and penetrating light condition is good.Strawberry tree fall " crowd " shape tree-like be the innovation on the basis of the tree-like breeding method of dwarfing of our invention, tree structure is simple, is convenient to orchard worker and operates, be easy to accept grasp, orchard management is convenient, is easy to radiation and promotes, and is that the novel dwarfing high-quality of a kind of strawberry tree, Labor-saving cultivation are tree-like.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of red bayberry " crowd " tree-like pruning and breeding method, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
(1) First Year shaping: red bayberry grafting seedling replanting, when transplanting, after adopting single trunk to depart from vertical line angle 11.25 ° ~ 22.5 ° planting stocks, cuts that to determine beam length be 30-45cm; In spring to the season of growth in autumn then, 2 branches are selected as ground floor major branch in direction, described trunk 2, nearly middle and lower part, employing is drawn a method, support branch method, layer method or is hung a method and carries out drawing branch, the branch of ground floor major branch is allowed to depart from vertical line angle 22.5 ° ~ 45 °, left and right secund between two major branches; A mode is turned round to other upright competitive branch employing and destroys its growth potential, and remove when pruning in the winter time, remove intersection branch, overlapping branch simultaneously, wherein, described turns round a mode for using finger by near for upright competitive branch base portion place, turn round its xylem broken, sprain its phloem, and allow the inverted a kind of trim mode in end of the branch;
(2) Second Year shaping: the season of growth lures ground floor major branch draws, keeps ground floor major branch to depart from vertical line angle 22.5 ° ~ 45 °; Simultaneously, each on 2 branches of ground floor major branch respectively selects 2 major branches as the second layer, employing is drawn a method, support branch method, layer method or is hung a method and carries out drawing branch, allows the branch of second layer major branch depart from vertical line angle 11.25 ° ~ 22.5 °, each major branch deflection four directions; A mode is turned round to other upright competitive branch employing and destroys its growth potential, and remove when pruning in the winter time, remove intersection branch, overlapping branch simultaneously;
Shaping in (3) the 3rd years: continue to lure draw 2 major branches of ground floor, 4 major branches of the second layer, what keep each major branch departs from vertical line angle, such as, the angle continuing to keep ground floor major branch is 22.5 ° ~ 45 °; The branch of second layer major branch is allowed to depart from vertical line angle 11.25 ° ~ 22.5 °, a mode is turned round to other upright competitive branch employing and destroys its growth potential, and remove when pruning in the winter time, remove intersection branch, overlapping branch simultaneously, allow its descending branch, interior thorax branch form bud as far as possible;
Shaping in (4) the 4th years: (angle such as, continuing to keep ground floor major branch is 22.5 ° ~ 45 ° to continue to keep the vertical line angle that departs from of ground floor, the second layer totally 6 major branches; The branch of second layer major branch is allowed to depart from vertical line angle 11.25 ° ~ 22.5 °); Other branch adopts to dredge deletes technology, wipes out the upper oblique branch of the vertical branch of 80%-90%, 10%-70%, facilitates tree crown ventilation and penetrating light, allow branch, descending branch, interior thorax branch all one's life become civilized, result, with fruit press the tip, control to nourish and grow, thus formed described in strawberry tree fall " crowd " tree-like shaping complete.
Wherein, red bayberry grafting seedling can be 1 year raw grafting, 2 years raw graftings or 3 years raw graftings.
Such as, the strawberry tree pruning that " crowd " type is tree-like can be carried out as described in Fig. 1-3.Such as Fig. 1, may be selected in and choose life in 1 year ' east chief ' red bayberry grafting, red bayberry grafting seedling replanting, when transplanting, after adopting single trunk 10 to depart from vertical line angle 11.25 ° (or skew 11.25 ° ~ 22.5 °) planting stock, cut that to determine beam length be 30-45cm; The season of growth (spring is to autumn then), 2 ground floor major branches 20 are selected in direction, trunk 2, nearly middle and lower part, 21, employing is drawn a method, support branch method, layer method or is hung a method and carries out drawing branch, branch is allowed to depart from vertical line angle 22.5 °-45 ° (such as 22.5 ° or 45 °), left and right secund between two major branches; A mode is turned round to other upright competitive branch employing and destroys its growth potential, and remove when pruning in the winter time, remove intersection branch, overlapping branch simultaneously; Turn round a mode: with finger by near for upright competitive branch base portion place, turn round its xylem broken, sprain its phloem, and allow the inverted a kind of trim mode in end of the branch.
Second Year shaping: the season of growth carries out luring drawing to ground floor major branch 20,21, keeps ground floor major branch to depart from vertical line angle 22.5 °; Meanwhile, 2 branches of ground floor major branch respectively select 2 second layer major branches 30,31,32,33, adopt to draw a method, support branch method, layer method or hang a method and carry out drawing branch, branch is allowed to depart from vertical line angle 11.25 ° ~ 22.5 ° (Fig. 2), each major branch deflection four directions; Other branch adopts the process of First Year same method; Wherein, two major branches of the second layer and two major branches of ground floor lay respectively at (Fig. 3) on the four direction of the four corners of the world, namely ground floor major branch is east-west direction, the second layer 2 branches on each major branch of then ground floor are North and South direction, allow 6 branch cross-distribution like this, maximized extension is come, or larger area.
Figure of description:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation (comprising trunk and ground floor major branch) of the dissimilar branch of red bayberry in an embodiment of the invention; Wherein 10 is major branch, and 20,21 is ground floor major branch.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the dissimilar branch of red bayberry in an embodiment of the invention, and wherein, 10 is major branch, and 20,21 is ground floor major branch; 30,31,32,33 is second layer major branch (" crowd " type that falls is tree-like).
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of ground floor major branch and second layer major branch, shows the relation of each branch spatial distribution, wherein 10: trunk; 21,20 ground floor major branches (2); 30-33: second layer major branch (4); 40 is raw other branches on each major branch.
Beneficial effect
The invention provides a kind of new method, adopt " crowd " type method to carry out cultivation and the pruning of strawberry tree, effectively can control the dwarfing of strawberry tree and do sth. in advance result, increase the output (unit are) of red bayberry and improve quality and the commodity rate of Waxberry fruit.Its " without the happy shape of trunk ", the impact of internal thorax, bottom branch is little, and ventilation and penetrating light condition is good.Strawberry tree fall " crowd " shape tree-like be the innovation on the basis of the tree-like breeding method of dwarfing of our invention, tree structure is simple, is convenient to orchard worker and operates, be easy to accept grasp, orchard management is convenient, is easy to radiation and promotes, and is that the novel dwarfing high-quality of a kind of strawberry tree, Labor-saving cultivation are tree-like.
Describe in detail
Definition:
Vertical branch: raw in the middle part of tree crown, growing way is vigorous, vertical growth, becomes 1 year above branch of life of the Zhi Jing≤1cm of 90 ± 10 ° with horizontal plane.
Descending branch: raw in tree crown middle and lower part, sagging growth, becomes the branch of < 0 ° and >-45 ° with horizontal plane.
Flat stretch branch: and rawly to stretch all one's life in the middle part of tree crown, Cheng≤the branch of 0 ° Qie≤10 ° with Shui Ping Mian.
Upper oblique branch: raw in tree crown middle and upper part, upward raw stretching, extension, becomes > 10 ° and the branch of < 80 ° with horizontal plane.
Interior thorax branch: raw at inner canopy, all major branch (Zhi Jing≤1cm) branch of upper pumping.
Intersection branch: raw peripheral at tree crown, the branch intersected with another branch.
Overlapping branch: raw peripheral at tree crown, branch equitant with another branch.
To ride branch: raw peripheral at tree crown, at the branch of another branch back pumping.
Deadwood: all withered branches in tree crown.
The residual branch of sick worm: in tree crown all because of disease, insect pest or nature, people be cause heavier, light, or the branch of any injury.
Scope in the middle part of tree crown is: refer to that tree crown upper, middle and lower divide the position relatively.
The periphery of tree crown: refer to tree crown four ring Monday around position.
Inner canopy: refer to position relatively middle inside tree crown.
To stand ground harvesting rate; Refer to that the personnel station of harvesting just can realize the harvesting of Waxberry fruit on the ground, and do not need climbing trees or undertaken by instruments such as ladders, overall like this achieving conveniently is plucked, and also ensure that the safety of personnel in addition.By embodiments of the present invention, the dwarfing of strawberry tree can be realized.
1 year raw grafting: refer to and to survive after scion grafting is on stock and to grow the grafting of 1 year.
2 years raw graftings: refer to and to survive after scion grafting is on stock and to grow the grafting of 2 years.
3 years raw graftings: refer to and to survive after scion grafting is on stock and to grow the grafting of 3 years.
Turn round a mode: with finger by near for upright competitive branch base portion place, turn round its xylem broken, sprain its phloem, and allow the inverted a kind of trim mode in end of the branch.
To stand ground harvesting rate; Refer to that the personnel station of harvesting just can realize the harvesting of Waxberry fruit on the ground, and do not need climbing trees or undertaken by instruments such as ladders, such parts achieve convenient harvesting, also ensure that the safety of personnel in addition.
Being calculated as follows of dwarfing rate: (average heights of the average height-process trees of contrast trees) ÷ contrasts the average height of trees.
Embodiment
Examples of implementation: different shaping methods to the single plant yield of red bayberry, fruit quality, commodity rate, the impact of tree-like Dwarf Effect on Dwarf.
Experiment material
Examination material kind is: life in 1 year ' east chief ' red bayberry grafting.
method 1: comprise the steps:
(1) First Year shaping: choose life in 1 year ' east chief ' red bayberry grafting, red bayberry grafting seedling replanting, when transplanting, after adopting single trunk to depart from vertical line angle 22.5 ° of planting stocks, cuts that to determine beam length be 30-45cm; The season of growth (spring is to autumn then), 2 ground floor major branches are selected in direction, trunk 2, nearly middle and lower part, employing is drawn a method, support branch method, layer method or is hung a method and carries out drawing branch, allows branch depart from vertical line angle 45 °, left and right secund between two major branches; A mode is turned round to other upright competitive branch employing and destroys its growth potential, and remove when pruning in the winter time, remove intersection branch, overlapping branch simultaneously; Turn round a mode: with finger by near for upright competitive branch base portion place, turn round its xylem broken, sprain its phloem, and allow the inverted a kind of trim mode in end of the branch;
(2) Second Year shaping: the season of growth lures ground floor major branch draws, keeps major branch to depart from vertical line angle 45 °; Meanwhile, 2 branches of ground floor major branch respectively select 2 second layer major branches, adopt to draw a method, support branch method, layer method or hang a method and carry out drawing branch, allow branch depart from vertical line angle 22.5 °, each major branch deflection four directions; Other branch adopts the process of First Year same method; Wherein, two major branches of the second layer and two major branches of ground floor lay respectively on the four direction of the four corners of the world;
Shaping in (3) the 3rd years: continue to lure draw 2 major branches of ground floor, 4 major branches of the second layer, (angle such as, continuing to keep ground floor major branch is 45 ° to keep the vertical line angle that departs from of each major branch; The branch of second layer major branch is allowed to depart from vertical line angle 22.5 °), other is the process of competition employing First Year same method uprightly, allows its descending branch, interior thorax branch form bud as far as possible;
Shaping in (4) the 4th years: continue the angle departing from vertical line keeping ground floor, the second layer totally 6 major branches; Other branch adopts to dredge deletes technology, wipes out the upper oblique branch of the vertical branch of 80%-90%, 10%-70%, facilitates tree crown ventilation and penetrating light, allow branch, descending branch, interior thorax branch all one's life become civilized, result, with fruit press the tip, control to nourish and grow, thus formed described in strawberry tree fall " crowd " tree-like shaping complete.
Two major branches of the second layer and two major branches of ground floor lay respectively at (Fig. 3) on the four direction of the four corners of the world, namely ground floor major branch is east-west direction, the second layer 2 branches on each major branch of then ground floor are North and South direction, allow 6 branch cross-distribution like this, maximized extension is come, or obtains larger area.
Table 1: other process following (except following major parameter difference, remaining step is identical with the step in method 1)
Contrast: do not carry out any method and arrange branch and prune, allows its self-sow, and other water and fertilizer managements are identical with method 1.Result:
Table 2: difference departs from vertical line Angle Method to the impact of life in 12 years ' east chief ' red bayberry (each method in triplicate and get their mean value).
As can be seen from upper table 2, carry out method process as above, method 3 " realize DeGrain that strawberry tree downgrades with 4 ~ 6 or even can not realize downgrading; but relatively can improve the single plant yield of strawberry tree and average commodity rate, single fruit weight is also increased in addition; but in method 1-1 ' or 2-2 '; strawberry tree not only can be allowed to arrive the object downgraded, simultaneously average strain product and commodity rate acquisition raising, the dwarfing culture for strawberry tree provides a kind of new method.Integrated treatment result shows, method 2 ' obviously can reduce height of tree crown (dwarfing rate 53.92%), can make again average strain product, commodity fruit rate and single fruit weight increase the most remarkable.
Claims (2)
1. red bayberry " crowd " tree-like pruning and a breeding method, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
(1), First Year shaping: red bayberry grafting seedling replanting, when transplanting, after adopting single trunk to depart from vertical line angle 11.25 ° ~ 22.5 ° planting stocks, cut that to determine beam length be 30-45cm; In spring to the season of growth in autumn then, 2 branches are selected as ground floor major branch (20 in direction, described trunk 2, nearly middle and lower part, 21), employing is drawn a method, support branch method, layer method or is hung a method and carries out drawing branch, the branch of ground floor major branch is allowed to depart from vertical line angle 22.5 ~ 45 °, left and right secund between two major branches; A mode is turned round to other upright competitive branch employing and destroys its growth potential, and remove when pruning in the winter time, remove intersection branch, overlapping branch simultaneously, wherein, described turns round a mode for using finger by near for upright competitive branch base portion place, turns round its xylem broken, sprains its phloem, and allow end of the branch be inverted;
(2), Second Year shaping: the season of growth lures ground floor major branch draws, and keeps ground floor major branch to depart from vertical line angle 22.5 ° ~ 45 °; Simultaneously, each on 2 branches of ground floor major branch respectively selects 2 major branches as the second layer, employing is drawn a method, support branch method, layer method or is hung a method and carries out drawing branch, allows the branch of second layer major branch depart from vertical line angle 11.25 ° ~ 22.5 °, each major branch deflection four directions; A mode is turned round to other upright competitive branch employing and destroys its growth potential, and remove when pruning in the winter time, remove intersection branch, overlapping branch simultaneously;
(3), shaping in the 3rd year: continue to lure draw 2 major branches of ground floor, 4 major branches of the second layer, what keep each major branch departs from vertical line angle, a mode is turned round to other upright competitive branch employing and destroys its growth potential, and remove when pruning in the winter time, remove intersection branch, overlapping branch simultaneously, allow its descending branch, interior thorax branch form bud as far as possible;
(4), shaping in the 4th year: continue keep ground floor, the second layer totally 6 major branches depart from vertical line angle; Other branch adopts to dredge deletes technology, wipes out the upper oblique branch of the vertical branch of 80%-90%, 10%-70%, facilitates tree crown ventilation and penetrating light, allow branch, descending branch, interior thorax branch all one's life become civilized, result, with fruit press the tip, control to nourish and grow, thus formed described in strawberry tree fall " crowd " tree-like shaping complete.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, allowing single trunk depart from vertical line angle is 11.25 ° of planting stocks; The branch of ground floor major branch is allowed to depart from vertical line angle 22.5 °; The branch of second layer major branch is allowed to depart from vertical line angle 11.25 °.
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| CN106489647A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-15 | 慈溪市林特技术推广中心 | Fructus Myricae rubrae branch prunes maintenance process |
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