CN103430800A - Early-fruiting walnut dwarfing cultivating method - Google Patents
Early-fruiting walnut dwarfing cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an early-fruiting walnut dwarfing cultivating method. The method includes the steps that firstly, the height of early-fruiting walnut trunks is set as 0.6-1m; secondly, the tree form is cultivated; thirdly, trees are trimmed and shaped. In the second step, when the trees are 2-3 years old, boughs are selected and retained in different directions in shaping zones, and the boughs can be selected and retained in an one-off mode or selected two times; when the trees are 3-4 years old, primary lateral branches start to be selected and retained after all the boughs are selected, about three lateral branches should remain on every bough, and the primary lateral branches should be made to grow in a staggered mode on the boughs; when the trees are 4-5 years old, 1-2 secondary lateral branches are selected and retained on every primary lateral branch of every first bough, and 2-3 secondary lateral branches are selected and retained on every primary lateral branch of every second bough. In the third step, the secondary branches of the early-fruiting walnut trees are controlled when the trees are young, and by the utilization of the branches growing excessively, over-crowded branches are removed to be sparse and down branches are disposed. The dwarfed early-fruiting walnut trees cultivated with the method have the advantages of being early in fruiting, long in high yield period, high in output and convenient to cultivate, and the walnuts are easy to harvest.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of walnut implantation methods, specifically, related to a kind of morning of real walnut dwarfing planting method.
Background technology
Early real walnut have result early, the advantages such as yielding ability is strong, pericarp is thin, commodity value is high, little, the convenient harvesting of tree body, at present, real walnut area, shallow massif mound spread throughout the country early, still, for a long time, because orchard worker's level of production is low, cultivation management is extensive, and technology awareness is thin, has caused that the early ageing of tree body, the harm of sick worm are serious, commodity poor performance, the high yield time is short, economic benefit is low problem, the problem of these existence, affected the enthusiasm that people plant greatly.
In order to solve the problem of above existence, people are seeking a kind of desirable technical solution always.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, thus provide a kind of result early, the high yield time is long, output is high, be easy to results, plantation real walnut dwarfing planting method early easily.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of morning real walnut dwarfing planting method, this implantation methods comprises:
Fixed dry: early the dry height of real walnut is decided to be 0.6-1 rice; Early real walnut is surely dry can carry out bud picking after field planting is germinateed then, i.e. the following lateral bud erase all of heading height; Meet terminal bud when downright bad, can select and remain near the healthy and strong lateral bud of terminal bud, make it upwards growth, do wait reaching heading height row being fixed again when above; If early real walnut sapling up-growth does not reach heading height, next year, row was fixed dry again;
Cultivate tree-like: 1,2-3 years when living, reserve the shaping band of 3-4 buds more than heading height; In described shaping band, by the different azimuth major branch of selecting and remain, can once select and remain or selected at twice; The horizontal range of each major branch of selecting and remain should be consistent or close, and the growing way equilibrium that keeps each major branch;
2, within 3-4 years, after each major branch is selected, the one-level side shoot starts to select and remain when living, the one-level side shoot is stay suitably more, and each major branch should stay 3 left and right of one-level side shoot, and the one-level side shoot on each major branch is wanted paraplasia, be uniformly distributed, wherein, the first side shoot is apart from 0.6 meter left and right of distance of trunk;
3,4-5 years when living, select and remain on the one-level side shoot of the first major branch 1-2 of secondary side shoots, 2-3 of the secondary side shoots selected and remain on the one-level side shoot of the second major branch, the secondary side shoot on the second major branch and the spacing of the secondary side shoot on the first major branch are 0.8 meter left and right, so far, the tree crown skeleton basically forms;
Prune anti-early ageing: 1, control early real walnut at the Secondary Branch of young age grade section: not before lignification, will wipe out because of the Secondary Branch of the vigorous closing too early of growing after the Secondary Branch pumping; Remove the Secondary Branch more than 3 of pumping on fruit bearing shoot; In summer, that select and remain, over growth, need are promoted to lignified Secondary Branch carry out pinching; The vigorous Secondary Branch for growing way of a fruit bearing shoot pumping, can carry out cutting back to this Secondary Branch spring or summer, increasing branch, and then cultivation results branch group, wherein, cutting back intensity with light, moderate for well;
2, utilize water sprout: by spring cutting back, summer pinching and summer cutting back method, water sprout is cultivated into to fruit-bearing shoot cluster;
3, remove overstocked branch: in line with staying strong principle a little less than going, remove at any time overstocked branch, during sparse branching, should be close to the branch base portion and wipe out, can't stay short wooden stake;
4, process back of the body undershoot: normally after rudiment or the branch Early period of cane elongation wipe out back of the body undershoot; If former female principal deformation is weak or crotch angle is less, can utilize back of the body undershoot or oblique upper branch to replace former end of the branch, new fruit-bearing shoot cluster is wiped out or cultivated in former early ageing end of the branch.
The relative prior art of the present invention has outstanding substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement, and specifically, this morning, real walnut dwarfing planting method had the following advantages:
1, the method is set height by reduction, the convenient harvesting, common walnut is up to tens meters, the orchard worker is in order to gather in the crops walnut, must climb tree crown place height and walnut could be beaten to lower ground, this not only gathers in the crops difficulty, also easily allows the people throw and causes injury, after the walnut dwarfing planting, the convenient safety again of results;
2, by the method, can make walnut do sth. in advance result, enter the full bearing period in advance, that is, common walnut needs 7-8 ability result usually, and the walnut 2-3 of dwarfing culture gets final product result, and 4-5 can get bumper crops.
3, by the method, the bearing basal shoot that upgrades in time, prevent from setting the body aging, can realize continuing volume increase.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of morning real walnut dwarfing planting method, mainly comprise following content:
Fixed dry: the height of trunk is in close relations with the height of tree, planting type and intercropping etc., should because of ground, because of tree, determine according to variety characteristic, cultivation condition and the mode etc. of this walnut; Early real walnut is because the tree body is less, and early, dry height can be short and small for result, and early the dry height of real walnut is decided to be 0.6-1 rice;
Early real walnut under normal circumstances, is given birth to and is started branch and blossom and bear fruit in 2 years, and annual high growth can reach 0.6-1.2 meters; Early real walnut is surely dry can carry out bud picking after field planting is germinateed then, i.e. the following lateral bud erase all of heading height; Meet terminal bud when downright bad, can select and remain near the healthy and strong lateral bud of terminal bud, make it upwards growth, do wait reaching heading height row being fixed again when above; If early real walnut sapling up-growth does not reach heading height, next year, row was fixed dry again.
Cultivate tree-likely, mainly comprise following content:
1,2-3 years when living, reserve the shaping band of 3-4 buds more than heading height; In described shaping band, by the different azimuth major branch of selecting and remain, can once select and remain or selected at twice; The horizontal range of each major branch of selecting and remain should be consistent or close, and the growing way equilibrium that keeps each major branch;
2, within 3-4 years, after each major branch is selected, the one-level side shoot starts to select and remain when living, the one-level side shoot is stay suitably more, and each major branch should stay 3 left and right of one-level side shoot, and the one-level side shoot on each major branch is wanted paraplasia, be uniformly distributed, wherein, the first side shoot is apart from 0.6 meter left and right of distance of trunk;
3,4-5 years when living, select and remain on the one-level side shoot of the first major branch 1-2 of secondary side shoots, 2-3 of the secondary side shoots selected and remain on the one-level side shoot of the second major branch, the secondary side shoot on the second major branch and the spacing of the secondary side shoot on the first major branch are 0.8 meter left and right, so far, the tree crown skeleton basically forms.
Early real walnut is because the lateral bud germination rate is high, side bud bearing capacity is strong, form a rate low, normal employing is tree-like without the natural open centre shape of trunk, general dry high 0.6-1 meter, 2-4 major branch arranged, the vertical range 20-40 centimetre of each major branch base portion, major branch can be selected and remain once or twice, and it is consistent that growing way is wanted, horizontal angle between adjacent major branch or angle should be consistent or very close, the major branch one-level side shoot of selecting and remain, every major branch can stay 3 left and right, between side shoot, want paraplasia to be evenly distributed, the first side shoot is 0.6 meter left and right apart from the distance of trunk base portion, the secondary side shoot is arranged on the one-level side shoot, secondary number of branch on the first major branch one-level side shoot is 1-2, side shoot spacing on the second major branch is 0.8 meter left and right, the tree-like characteristics of natural open centre shape be shaped fast, result early, shaping easily, be convenient to grasp.
Prune anti-early ageing, mainly comprise following content:
1, early real walnut at the Secondary Branch of young age grade section, because pumping is more late, grow vigorous, do not organize and enrich, in the easy dehydration of north of china in winter, cause " stripping ", if let alone growth, though can increase branch, improve output, but easily cause setting fruit position outer moving rapidly, often make the bearing basal shoot rear portion form longer baldness band, the formation that the impact high yield is tree-like.According to experience and research for many years, controlling early real walnut mainly contains in the method for the Secondary Branch of young age grade section: after the Secondary Branch pumping not before lignification, to wipe out because of the Secondary Branch of the vigorous closing too early of growing, that is, the Secondary Branch that causes tree crown to go out " plait " useless over growth is wiped out; Remove the Secondary Branch more than 3 of pumping on fruit bearing shoot, that is, 1-2 the healthy and strong branches of selecting and remain in early days, all the other all remove; In summer, to the Secondary Branch of selecting and remain, if its over growth, in order to promote its lignification, is controlled it and stretched out, can carry out pinching to it; For a Secondary Branch of a fruit bearing shoot pumping, and growing way is very strong, in order to control its prosperous length, can carry out cutting back to this Secondary Branch spring or summer, to increase branch, and then cultivation results branch group, wherein, cutting back intensity with light, moderate for well, spring cutting back to send out branch sturdy, summer, the cutting back branch was respond well.
2, utilize water sprout: early real walnut is because branch is many, the fruit branch rate is high, early, Secondary Branch easily forms bearing basal shoot to result, and the amount of blooming is large, percentage of fertile fruit is high, cause consuming excessively of nutrient, often make new branch can not form mixed bud or vegetative bud, at Second Year, can not send out branch and dry up, thereby the kryptoblast that stimulates base portion is sprouted and is formed water sprout, and this is the common phenomenon of real walnut treelet morning; But early the outstanding feature of real walnut water sprout is the Second Year result of can branching out, its quantity is generally 5-10, can reach at most more than 30, the growing way of these fruit bearing shoot, died down gradually by top to base portion, and branch also shortens, the shortest branch of almost can't see, can only see female flower after bud sheet cracking, the sprig of the 3rd year middle and lower part is most withered dead, the baldness band occurs, setting fruit position is passed to top, easily causes branch sagging.In order to overcome this drawback, utilize that water sprout is sturdy, result characteristics early, by spring cutting back, summer pinching and summer cutting back method, water sprout is cultivated into to fruit-bearing shoot cluster, to enrich the tree crown space, upgrade weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
3, remove overstocked branch: early, the branch amount is large, easily causes canopy, is unfavorable for ventilation and penetrating light for early real walnut branch, therefore,, in line with staying strong principle a little less than going, remove at any time overstocked branch, during sparse branching, should be close to the branch base portion and wipe out, can't stay short wooden stake, be convenient to the healing of clip.
4, process back of the body undershoot: the lower branch of the back of the body gives birth under female branch tip back of the body, and green sprouting early, is grown vigorous, and competitiveness is strong, easily makes former end of the branch die down and form " drawing " phenomenon, even causes former end of the branch withered; Normally after rudiment or the branch Early period of cane elongation wipe out the back of the body undershoot; If former female principal deformation is weak or crotch angle is less, can utilize back of the body undershoot or oblique upper branch to replace former end of the branch, new fruit-bearing shoot cluster is wiped out or cultivated in former early ageing end of the branch.
Pruning is an important technology in the walnut cultivation management, particularly important to treelet and firstfruits tree; Reasonably carry out pruning, make tree crown there is good ventilation and penetrating light condition, for guaranteeing that treelet is healthy and strong, grow up, impel early bearing high yield, maintain nourish and grow and result between well balanced and lay a good foundation all significant for the high yield of bearing tree, stable yields, high-quality, longevity.The pruning of walnut is to carry out on the basis of shaping, and it is to continue to cultivate and maintain the tree-like important measures of getting bumper crops; During operation, when further cultivation is tree-like, note selecting and remain and cultivation results branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster, wipe out in time female branch useless with transformation of early ageing, cultivate new fruit-bearing shoot cluster, make it to reach balanced tree vigo(u)r, result, increase output ahead of time.
Early real walnut is given birth to and is started result in 2 years, divide principal stresses strong, pumping Secondary Branch ability is strong, wherein, within 2 years, living individual plant average branch is more than 7, the most nearly 18, within 2 years, the average pumping Secondary Branch of living individual plant is 1.5, the most nearly 8, and early real walnut can be sprouted water sprout, that is,, after fruit bearing shoot is naturally withered, easily from base portion, sprout water sprout, this this be all that early real walnut is different from the key property of late real walnut, therefore, pruning on content except cultivating good main, side shoot, should also be noted that and control Secondary Branch, make good use of water sprout, remove overstocked branch and handle well and carry on the back undershoot.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit; Although with reference to preferred embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify or the part technical characterictic is equal to replacement the specific embodiment of the present invention; And not breaking away from the spirit of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the technical scheme scope that the present invention asks for protection.
Claims (1)
- One kind morning real walnut dwarfing planting method, it is characterized in that, this implantation methods comprises:Fixed dry: early the dry height of real walnut is decided to be 0.6-1 rice; Early real walnut is surely dry can carry out bud picking after field planting is germinateed then, i.e. the following lateral bud erase all of heading height; Meet terminal bud when downright bad, can select and remain near the healthy and strong lateral bud of terminal bud, make it upwards growth, do wait reaching heading height row being fixed again when above; If early real walnut sapling up-growth does not reach heading height, next year, row was fixed dry again;Cultivate tree-like: 1,2-3 years when living, reserve the shaping band of 3-4 buds more than heading height; In described shaping band, by the different azimuth major branch of selecting and remain, can once select and remain or selected at twice; The horizontal range of each major branch of selecting and remain should be consistent or close, and the growing way equilibrium that keeps each major branch;2, within 3-4 years, after each major branch is selected, the one-level side shoot starts to select and remain when living, the one-level side shoot is stay suitably more, and each major branch should stay 3 left and right of one-level side shoot, and the one-level side shoot on each major branch is wanted paraplasia, be uniformly distributed, wherein, the first side shoot is apart from 0.6 meter left and right of distance of trunk;3,4-5 years when living, select and remain on the one-level side shoot of the first major branch 1-2 of secondary side shoots, 2-3 of the secondary side shoots selected and remain on the one-level side shoot of the second major branch, the secondary side shoot on the second major branch and the spacing of the secondary side shoot on the first major branch are 0.8 meter left and right, so far, the tree crown skeleton basically forms;Prune anti-early ageing: 1, control early real walnut at the Secondary Branch of young age grade section: not before lignification, will wipe out because of the Secondary Branch of the vigorous closing too early of growing after the Secondary Branch pumping; Remove the Secondary Branch more than 3 of pumping on fruit bearing shoot; In summer, that select and remain, over growth, need are promoted to lignified Secondary Branch carry out pinching; The vigorous Secondary Branch for growing way of a fruit bearing shoot pumping, can carry out cutting back to this Secondary Branch spring or summer, increasing branch, and then cultivation results branch group, wherein, cutting back intensity with light, moderate for well;2. utilize water sprout: by spring cutting back, summer pinching and summer cutting back method, water sprout is cultivated into to fruit-bearing shoot cluster;3. remove overstocked branch: in line with staying strong principle a little less than going, remove at any time overstocked branch, during sparse branching, should be close to the branch base portion and wipe out, can't stay short wooden stake;4. process back of the body undershoot: normally after rudiment or the branch Early period of cane elongation wipe out back of the body undershoot; If former female principal deformation is weak or crotch angle is less, can utilize back of the body undershoot or oblique upper branch to replace former end of the branch, new fruit-bearing shoot cluster is wiped out or cultivated in former early ageing end of the branch.
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| CN103875501A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-25 | 南京农业大学 | Method for yearly pruning apocarya for multiple bearing branch cultivation |
| CN103875495A (en) * | 2014-02-08 | 2014-06-25 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业发展有限公司 | Close-planting high-yield cultivation method for early bearing walnuts |
| CN103947498A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-30 | 梁文荣 | Trimming method of young walnut trees |
| CN103960104A (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2014-08-06 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | Spiral alternative girdling juglans sigllata dode early bearing high-yield promoting method |
| CN104488636A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州青青生态种植园 | Planting technique for increasing growth speed of walnut trees |
| CN104920157A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-09-23 | 新疆灿烂太阳国际商贸有限公司和田县分公司 | Dwarfing high-yield method for walnut mature trees |
| CN105165538A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 广西八桂石漠化核桃产业开发有限公司 | Walnut tree cultivating method |
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| CN105494016A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-20 | 重庆市渝鲁林业发展有限公司 | Dwarfing and dense planting cultivation method of walnuts |
| CN106416893A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-22 | 陆良县营林管理站 | Method used for directed breeding of main branch by selecting shoot of walnut tree |
| CN106613611A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-05-10 | 陆良县营林管理站 | Quick culturing method of early fruit high-yield walnut trees |
| CN107223438A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-10-03 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of cordon oil does management method surely with tree peony |
| CN109006154A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2018-12-18 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of arbor shape wax Japanese apricot shape branch group and breeding method |
| CN109392579A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-01 | 杨荣飞 | A kind of thin fragrant walnut dwarfing premature labor acclimation method |
| CN109601215A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-12 | 山西中农乐农业科技有限公司 | A kind of pruning method that walnut is tree-like |
| CN110140574A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-08-20 | 魏喜全 | One planting fruit-trees simplifies whole planting technology |
| CN110710410A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-01-21 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Cultivation management and shaping method for apocarya |
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| CN103875501A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-25 | 南京农业大学 | Method for yearly pruning apocarya for multiple bearing branch cultivation |
| CN103875501B (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2016-01-27 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of annual trimming method of apocarya of cultivating large result branch |
| CN103947498A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-30 | 梁文荣 | Trimming method of young walnut trees |
| CN103960104A (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2014-08-06 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | Spiral alternative girdling juglans sigllata dode early bearing high-yield promoting method |
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| CN105494016A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-20 | 重庆市渝鲁林业发展有限公司 | Dwarfing and dense planting cultivation method of walnuts |
| CN106613611B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2020-06-05 | 陆良县营林管理站 | Rapid culture method for high-yield trees of early-bearing walnuts |
| CN106613611A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-05-10 | 陆良县营林管理站 | Quick culturing method of early fruit high-yield walnut trees |
| CN106416893A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-22 | 陆良县营林管理站 | Method used for directed breeding of main branch by selecting shoot of walnut tree |
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| CN113141956A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-23 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for promoting conversion of bare-grown branches on low-age Chinese chestnut seedlings into fruiting branches |
| CN113141956B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-10-11 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for promoting conversion of bare-grown branches on low-age Chinese chestnut seedlings into fruiting branches |
| CN113273423A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-20 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Pruning method for thinning, crown-reducing and plump-promoting late-bearing walnuts |
| CN113179846A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-07-30 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | High-yield promoting pruning method for smilax scobinicaulis |
| CN114051881A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for shaping narrow-crown low-stem walnut saplings |
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