CN103875501B - A kind of annual trimming method of apocarya of cultivating large result branch - Google Patents
A kind of annual trimming method of apocarya of cultivating large result branch Download PDFInfo
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- CN103875501B CN103875501B CN201410137246.3A CN201410137246A CN103875501B CN 103875501 B CN103875501 B CN 103875501B CN 201410137246 A CN201410137246 A CN 201410137246A CN 103875501 B CN103875501 B CN 103875501B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of annual trimming method of apocarya of cultivating large result branch.The present invention carries out 1/2 cutting back pruning, moderate-length branch (50 ~ 100cm) 1/3 cutting back pruning by late December to apocarya 5 years raw treelet whole strain long shoot bar (length is greater than 100cm).Second Year mid-March, the long shoot more upright to more than diameter 1.5cm carried out band girdle, carried out girdling to the prosperous long shoot of 1 ~ 1.5cm.Mid-June, the upright prosperous extending shoot to whole more than strain 50cm extractd the whole tip 1/3 length.By carrying out a whole set of trimming measure to 5 years raw treelets and coordinate rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest can cultivate a large amount of apocarya result branches in the 3rd year after cutting.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fruit tree cultivation, relate to a kind of annual trimming method (cutting back+branch band girdle girdling+summer pinching in spring in winter) of apocarya of cultivating large result branch.
Background technology
What the present invention relates to is the annual pruning technique cultivating a large amount of apocarya fruit bearing shoot, comprise then winter cutting back, the girdling of Second Year branch in spring band girdle, summer pinching three sport technique segments.
Apocarya generally forms buds result by the terminal bud of brachyplast (length is less than 30cm).Though realized apocarya grafting breeding Miao Jian garden domestic at present, comparatively extensive to the management of apocarya treelet, substantially do not prune, general 7-8 is just shown in fruit, and cause production cost too high, efficiency is too low.Main cause is that the elongation growth of vegetative shoot is preponderated because the apical dominance of treelet is fairly obvious, and the germination rate of lateral bud is lower, and the brachyplast of formation is less, causes fruit bearing shoot to be formed more late, negligible amounts, is unfavorable for early real high yield.Therefore, need, by pruning the apical dominance breaking tree body, to cultivate the basis that a large amount of brachyplasts thinks fruit bearing shoot.
The trimming measure such as cutting back, band girdle, girdling, pinching all can break apical dominance, regulates the balance of nourishing and growing with reproductive growth, promotes the sprouting of lateral bud, controls tree body and crosses prosperous growth, the quality and quantity of brachyplast in raising, thus promote the formation of fruit bearing shoot.The cutting back of suitable intensity can promote that more sprouting of lateral bud forms brachyplast.Band girdle, girdling can suppress the prosperous length of tree body, easily form more tubbiness branch.Pinching can promote that lateral bud sprouts into brachyplast then.But because a lot of aspect such as rudiment power, one-tenth principal stresses, dryness power of different tree species there are differences, therefore these periods of pruning, position, intensity are also different, if carrying out blindly is pruned, not only do not reach expected effect, weakening tree vigo(u)r that also can be serious, suppress Growth status, reduce achievement amount of blooming.Therefore study the impact of these trimming measures on apocarya result, especially specifically prune period, position, the practice of intensity and cultivation management measure accordingly, the industrialized development for apocarya is particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The over growth that the present invention exists mainly for apocarya treelet, fruit bearing shoot are less, result crosses the problems such as late, provide a kind of annual trimming method (cutting back+branch band girdle girdling+summer pinching in spring in winter) of cultivating a large amount of apocarya fruit bearing shoot.
Object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
An annual trimming method for large scale cultivating apocarya fruit bearing shoot, comprises the steps:
(1) cutting back is carried out in the long shoot that late December is all to apocarya 5 years raw treelets;
(2) after Second Year apocarya mid-March treelet exhibition leaf, band girdle girdling is carried out to more upright prosperous long shoot bar;
(3) mid-June, the whole tip 1/3 length is extractd to the upright prosperous extending shoot of whole strain;
Wherein, after late December cutting back pruning, every tree soil executes 20-40kg chicken manure and 1 ~ 5kg slow-release fertilizer; After pruning mid-March, mid-June, every tree imposes composite fertilizer, additionally sprays 400 ~ 600g rare-earth fertilizer; Organize artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping moth dryness insect.
Step (1) is preferable over late December then and carries out 1/2 cutting back pruning, moderate-length branch 1/3 cutting back pruning to apocarya 5 years raw treelet whole strain long shoot bars.
Described long shoot bar is preferably the branch that length is greater than 100cm; Described moderate-length branch is preferably the branch of length between 50-100cm.
After step (2) is preferable over Second Year apocarya mid-March treelet exhibition leaf, the long shoot more upright to more than diameter 1.5cm carries out band girdle, and band girdle width is 2mm, deeply reaches xylem but does not injure xylem; Carry out girdling to the prosperous long shoot of diameter 1-1.5cm, carve wound 1 at branch base portion and enclose, deeply reach xylem but do not injure xylem, treatment sites preservative film wraps up.Wherein more upright long shoot is press from both sides the long shoot bar of 70 °-90 ° with horizontal plane.
Step (3) is preferable over the prosperous extending shoot of mid-June to more than 50cm and extracts the whole tip 1/3 length.
The nitrogen of described slow-release fertilizer: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium element is: 14:13:13, slow-release period: 5-6 month; " green No. 5 difficult to understand " slow-release fertilizer that preferred Scotts company produces.
Described rare-earth fertilizer is rare-earth fertilizer or the RE microbial fertilizer of commercially available any manufacturer production that this area is commonly used, " green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer that preferred Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produces.
Above-mentioned three kinds of trimming measures combine and carry out, and can cultivate a large amount of apocarya result branch to the 3rd year, and more not pruning tree increases 70%-80%.
Key point of the present invention
(1) winter 1/2 and 1/3 cutting back pruning is carried out respectively to the branch of the two kinds of length be greater than between 100cm and 50-100cm;
(2) after opening up leaf spring, respectively band girdle and girdling are carried out to the branch of two kinds of different rugosity that diameter is greater than between 1.5cm and 1-1.5cm, band girdle width is 2mm, girdling is carved wound 1 at branch base portion and is enclosed, and all will deeply reach xylem but not injure xylem, treatment sites preservative film wraps up;
(3) summer, the prosperous extending shoot to more than 50cm extractd the whole tip 1/3 length;
(4), after cutting back pruning in winter, every tree soil executes 20-40kg chicken manure and 2kg slow-release fertilizer (imported from America, trade name " green No. 5 difficult to understand ", composition: nitrogen: phosphorus: the ratio of potassium is: 14:13:13.Slow-release period: 5-6 month); After spring, summer pruning, every tree imposes composite fertilizer, additional spray 500g rare-earth fertilizer (Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produce " green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer, be made up of 17 kinds of elements).Organize the moth dryness insect such as artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping longicorn.
By above-mentioned every complete sets of Techniques, a large amount of apocarya fruit bearing shoot can be cultivated.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
By applying above-mentioned a series of trimming measure, and coordinate rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, finally every pruning is set and is defined 48 fruit bearing shoot in the 3rd annual, and more not pruning tree increases 45%-55%, and fruit yield improves 200%-250%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 the inventive method process chart.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Cultivate the annual trimming method of apocarya of large result branch, as described in Figure 1, concrete steps are as follows for process chart:
(1) carry out 1/2 cutting back pruning, moderate-length branch (50-100cm) 1/3 cutting back pruning on December 26th, 2009 to 70 apocaryas ' Ma Han ' 5 years raw treelet whole strain long shoot bar (length is greater than 100cm), thin and delicate branch is slow to be put.
(2) carry out band girdle in the long shoot that on March 18th, 2010 is more upright to whole strain more than diameter 1.5cm, girdling is carried out to the prosperous long shoot that diameter is 1cm-1.5cm.
(3) on June 16th, 2010, the whole tip 1/3 length is extractd to the upright prosperous extending shoot of whole more than strain 50cm.
(4), after cutting back pruning in winter, every tree soil executes 20kg chicken manure and 2kg slow-release fertilizer (production of Scotts company, trade name " green No. 5 difficult to understand ", composition: nitrogen: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium is: 14:13:13.Slow-release period: 5-6 month); After spring, summer pruning, every tree imposes composite fertilizer's (commercially available any brand), additional spray 500g rare-earth fertilizer (Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produce " green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer, be made up of 17 kinds of elements).Organize the moth dryness insect such as artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping longicorn.Except trimming measure, contrast tree is set with pruning and takes same rich water quality management and cultivation step.
Pruned by above-mentioned three kinds and coordinated rich water quality management, in 2011, on average prune tree formation 52 fruit bearing shoot for every, more do not prune the height of tree and go out 55%, fruit yield improved 250%.
Embodiment 2
(1) on December 20th, 2010,1/2 cutting back pruning is carried out, moderate-length branch (50-100cm) 1/3 cutting back pruning to 70 apocaryas ' Ma Han ' 5 years raw treelet whole strain long shoot bar (length is greater than 100cm).
(2) carry out band girdle in the long shoot that on March 10th, 2011 is more upright to whole strain more than diameter 1.5cm, girdling is carried out to the prosperous long shoot of diameter 1cm-1.5cm.
(3) on June 15th, 2011, the whole tip 1/3 length is extractd to the upright prosperous extending shoot of whole more than strain 50cm.
(4), after cutting back pruning in winter, every tree soil executes 30kg chicken manure and 2kg slow-release fertilizer (production of Scotts company, trade name " green No. 5 difficult to understand ", composition: nitrogen: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium is: 14:13:13.Slow-release period: 5-6 month); After spring, summer pruning, every tree imposes composite fertilizer's (commercially available any brand), additional spray 500g rare-earth fertilizer (Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produce " green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer, be made up of 17 kinds of elements).Organize the moth dryness insect such as artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping longicorn.Except trimming measure, contrast tree is set with pruning and takes same rich water quality management and cultivation step.
Pruned by above-mentioned three kinds and coordinated rich water quality management, to spring in 2012, on average prune tree formation 44 fruit bearing shoot for every, more do not prune the height of tree and go out 45%, fruit yield improved 200%.
Embodiment 3
(1) on December 24th, 2011,1/2 cutting back pruning is carried out, moderate-length branch (50-100cm) 1/3 cutting back pruning to 100 apocaryas ' Ma Han ' 5 years raw treelet whole strain long shoot bar (length is greater than 100cm).
(2) carry out band girdle in the long shoot that on March 15th, 2012 is more upright to whole strain more than diameter 1.5cm, girdling is carried out to the prosperous long shoot of diameter 1-1.5cm.
(3) on June 14th, 2012, the whole tip 1/3 length is extractd to the upright prosperous extending shoot of whole more than strain 50cm.
(4), after cutting back pruning in winter, every tree soil executes 40kg chicken manure (commercially available any brand) and 2kg slow-release fertilizer (production of Scotts company, trade name " green No. 5 difficult to understand ", composition: nitrogen: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium is: 14:13:13.Slow-release period: 5-6 month); After spring, summer pruning, every tree imposes composite fertilizer's (commercially available any brand), additional spray 500g rare-earth fertilizer (Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produce " green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer, be made up of 17 kinds of elements).Organize the moth dryness insect such as artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping longicorn.Except trimming measure, contrast tree is set with pruning and takes same rich water quality management and cultivation step.
Pruned by above-mentioned three kinds and coordinated rich water quality management, to spring in 2013, on average prune tree formation 49 fruit bearing shoot for every, more do not prune the height of tree and go out 48%, fruit yield improved 230%.
Claims (4)
1. an annual trimming method for large scale cultivating apocarya fruit bearing shoot, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) in late December carries out 1/2 cutting back pruning, moderate-length branch 1/3 cutting back pruning to apocarya 5 years raw treelet whole strain long shoot bars then; Described long shoot bar is the branch that length is greater than 100cm; Described moderate-length branch is the branch of length between 50 ~ 100cm;
(2) after Second Year apocarya mid-March treelet exhibition leaf, the long shoot more upright to more than diameter 1.5cm carries out band girdle, and band girdle width is 2mm, deeply reaches xylem but does not injure xylem; Carry out girdling to the prosperous long shoot of diameter 1 ~ 1.5cm, carve wound 1 at branch base portion and enclose, deeply reach xylem but do not injure xylem, treatment sites preservative film wraps up; Described more upright long shoot is be the long shoot bar of 70 ° ~ 90 ° with horizontal plane angle;
(3) the prosperous extending shoot mid-June to more than 50cm extracts the whole tip 1/3 length;
Wherein, after late December cutting back pruning, every tree soil executes 20 ~ 40kg chicken manure and 1 ~ 5kg slow-release fertilizer; After pruning mid-March, mid-June, every tree imposes composite fertilizer, additionally sprays 400 ~ 600g rare-earth fertilizer; Organize artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping moth dryness insect.
2. annual trimming method according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that late December cutting back pruning, every tree soil executes 20 ~ 40kg chicken manure and 2kg slow-release fertilizer; After pruning mid-March, mid-June, every tree imposes composite fertilizer, additionally sprays 500g rare-earth fertilizer.
3. annual trimming method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the nitrogen of described slow-release fertilizer: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium element is: 14:13:13, slow-release period: 5 ~ 6 months.
4. annual trimming method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described rare-earth fertilizer is rare-earth fertilizer or the RE microbial fertilizer of commercially available any manufacturer production that this area is commonly used.
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| CN104542159B (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2017-01-25 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for quickly cultivating carya pecan tree crown |
| CN104641911A (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-05-27 | 蔡炜 | Method for breeding hickory seedlings |
| CN105248029B (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2018-05-29 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of fertilizing method of thin shell mountain pecan peach |
| CN105850645B (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-04-26 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving walnut yield |
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| CN107371967A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-24 | 阜阳市新丰种业有限公司 | A kind of trimming measure of apocarya |
| CN107926424A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-20 | 泗洪县科晖现代农业发展生态园 | A kind of method that apocarya high yield tree-shaped is cultivated |
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| CN108605639A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-10-02 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of walnut |
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