CN104855146A - Grape grafting and cultivating method - Google Patents
Grape grafting and cultivating method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104855146A CN104855146A CN201510236106.6A CN201510236106A CN104855146A CN 104855146 A CN104855146 A CN 104855146A CN 201510236106 A CN201510236106 A CN 201510236106A CN 104855146 A CN104855146 A CN 104855146A
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- Prior art keywords
- grafting
- stock
- grape
- scion
- cultivating method
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a grape grafting and cultivating method. The method comprises the steps of (1) selection of stocks, (2) grafting method, (3) binding and (4) grafting management after grafting planting, in the step of the selection of stocks, resistant North America species and its cohybridization generation or local wild grape vines are selected as stocks; the grafting method is divided into open field local grafting and indoor grafting; in the step of binding, soybean cake powder, microelement (iron, sulfur, copper, manganese and selenium) and water are mixed into thick mud, the mixture is smeared on gauze or cotton cloths, and the gauze or the cotton cloths containing the thick nutrient mud is bound on joints of stocks and scions. According to the grape grafting and cultivating method, the method solves the problems that conventional hard branch top grafting influences healing of connectors due to wounds, the growing period after surviving is short, growth is weak, and the flower forming and fruiting rate of a second year is low, the survival rate of grape grafting is improved and reaches 90%, fruit forming amount is large, fruits have abundant nutrient, fresh color and good taste.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grafting, specifically relate to a kind of engrafting and cultivating method of grape.
Background technology
Grape grafting is made up of scion and stock, it has characteristic and the effect of both performances concurrently, the stable high grade producing plant of proterties is picked up from scion, thus can keep maternal good characteristic, the resistance of stock, can strengthen the ability of the cold-resistant, non-irrigated, flooded, saline and alkaline of kind and damage by disease and insect, expand suitable kind of area of kind, in addition, grape grafting can also accelerate calibrating to new grape variety and development, accelerates the improvement to old vineyard.Current grape grafting many employings stiff wood grafting, or green branch grafting, but the general survival rate of stiff wood grafting is shaped with 50%-60%, survival rate is not high, and the time of stiff wood grafting or green branch grafting is all more late in addition, current growth quantity not sufficient, can not grafting then, work as annual bearing.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of engrafting and cultivating method of grape, the engrafting and cultivating method of this grape avoids the high sound interface of taking a photograph due to wound that connects of conventional hard branch and heals, survive rear vegetative period short, grow the problems such as weak secondary year's harvest bow structure fruit rate is low, not only increase the survival rate of grape grafting, survival rate is to more than 90%, and achievement amount is large, fruits nutrition abundant, color and luster is delicious, mouthfeel good.
For achieving the above object, the engrafting and cultivating method of a kind of grape of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of stock:
It is the problem first will considered when carrying out graft seedling growth that grape rootstock is selected, before nursery, according to the soil in grape development area, weather conditions and local damage by disease and insect, a situation arises, the variety type factor of market demand, consider and select to be applicable to local grape rootstock type, the external many areas of stock root system resistance are utilized to have the harm of grape phylloxera and nematode, to successfully cultivate excellent vitis vinifera, select resistance North America kind and cohybridization offspring or select local amur grape to set as stock;
2) grafting method: point open country grafting and grafting on the spot:
Open country on the spot grafting utilize the rootstock seedling in field in autumn in the first year or perennial always climing on, after the bleeding phase, carry out grafting on the spot in early spring, conventional side grafting or cleft grafting,
Grafting is usually used in when large-scale production grafting nursery stock, can in grafting, the method whip graft of indoors artificial grafting or cleft grafting;
3) bondage: beancake powder, trace element (iron, sulphur, copper, manganese, selenium) mixing water are formed thick shape, spreads upon on gauze or cotton, the gauze containing thick shape nutritive mud or cotton are strapped in stock and scion junction;
4) the management grafting after grafting plantation:
Water once permeable after grafting immediately, see to do later and water in time, azophoska fertilizer should be executed, note uproot weeds, within after connecing 7 ~ 10 days, sprout sprouting, young sprout, pumping flower fringe when growing the 3rd leaf, the strong seedling had colored fringe of pumping second again after the four to five leaf, the colored fringe on seedling will be extractd in time, when grafting grows to 20 ~ 25 centimetres high, want timely inserted link bondage, prevent wind from lodging, the tiller bud on root anvil will be extractd at ordinary times in time, pinching flat-top when grafting grows 7 ~ 8 leaves, pumping sprouting in each axil after pinching, stay a bud upwards elongation growth of top, leaf pinching is stayed to the bud grown under other axils, when the bud branch of top grows 7 ~ 8 leaves again, pinching flat-top once again, attention control damage by disease and insect after grafting, the foliage fertilizers such as 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed every 20 days, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times, the Plastic Bandage of grafting part should not be removed too early, with after autumn or spring next year remove as well.
Further, in step 2) in, side grafting is the branches and tendrils on the place of stock distance ground 5 ~ 7cm cuts off, then straight in stock smooth surface, line do not have distortion and wide part side pruner one clip, again clip is inserted in the scion of cutting in advance, scion is whittled into wedge shape stratification and mutually coincide.
Further, in step 2) in, cleft grafting is cut off by branches and tendrils above in the place of stock overhead 5 ~ 7cm, requirement clip is smooth, be beneficial to healing, then also smooth surface will be selected, vertically rive for straight in line (not selecting wreath piece) wide, the degree of depth of splitting mouth is identical with the wedge length of scion, unsuitable long or too short, and then mouth is split in the scion of cutting in advance insertion, scion will be whittled into long wedge shape, the lower cutter place of wedge shape is preferably whittled into a recessed rib, form an one side shoulder, during insertion, the formation layer of scion and stock will coincide, scion is inserted when to split mouthful should stay stock top by the biconcave rib shoulder in scion, quickly mouth can be split in stock top when such scion and stock generate callus to wrap up, general each stock can connect 1 ~ 2 scion, then cover with moistening fine earth and clap tightly.
Further, in step 2) in, that stock identical for rugosity and scion bar sharp knife are whittled into identical inclined-plane from dorsal ventral side in indoor whip graft during early spring, chamfer length is 1.5 times of branch thick, each incision one tab on scarf, inserted mutually by the tab of stock and scion, namely the two combine securely.
Further, in step 2) in, when indoor whip graft for promoting that interface well heals, grafting bar should put into healing case immediately or plastic sack carries out Stratificated treatment, makes grafting bar below 25 ~ 28 DEG C, after 15 ~ 20 days, interface grows callus comprehensively, stock base portion produces root restriction or young root, after ventilating and taking exercise, can cuttage in open country or when cultivating one section in greenhouse after date transplant again.
Further, in step 3) in, after bondage completes 2 ~ 4 days to scion and stock junction, carry out watering or water soya-bean cake soak.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The engrafting and cultivating method of grape of the present invention passes through at scion and stock junction bondage nutrient solution, promote surviving of grape grafting, avoid the high sound interface of taking a photograph due to wound that connects of conventional hard branch to heal, survive rear vegetative period short, grow the problems such as weak secondary year's harvest bow structure fruit rate is low, not only increase the survival rate of grape grafting, survival rate is to more than 90%, and achievement amount is large, fruits nutrition abundant, color and luster is delicious, mouthfeel good.
Embodiment
The engrafting and cultivating method of a kind of grape of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of stock:
It is the problem first will considered when carrying out graft seedling growth that grape rootstock is selected, before nursery, according to the soil in grape development area, weather conditions and local damage by disease and insect, a situation arises, the variety type factor of market demand, consider and select to be applicable to local grape rootstock type, the external many areas of stock root system resistance are utilized to have the harm of grape phylloxera and nematode, to successfully cultivate excellent vitis vinifera, select resistance North America kind and cohybridization offspring or select local amur grape to set as stock.
Improved seeds are utilized to do scion, by its grafting on stock bar or seedling, be trained grafting, the good characteristic of scion and stock is combined by grafting, change and mix plant in kind vineyard, can as stock changing-over improved seeds, the plant in Ye Keduiquan garden carries out grafting, kind that is low yield is inferior or that do not conform to market demand is eliminated, utilize its root system and improved seeds grafting, almost each bud of ripe for the stalwartness of improved seeds branch can be used as scion during the grafting of Fast-propagation new varieties, vegetative period is available green branch breeding also, after the scion of improved seeds is connected to perennial plant, shoot growth is vigorous, a large amount of cutting can be gathered, accelerate breeding.
2) grafting method: point open country grafting and grafting on the spot:
Open country on the spot grafting utilize the rootstock seedling in field in autumn in the first year or perennial always climing on, after the bleeding phase, grafting is on the spot carried out early spring, conventional side grafting or cleft grafting, side grafting is the branches and tendrils on the place of stock distance ground 5 ~ 7cm cuts off, then in stock smooth surface, straight in line do not have distortion and wide part side pruner one clip, again clip is inserted in the scion of cutting in advance, scion is whittled into wedge shape stratification and mutually coincide, cleft grafting is cut off by branches and tendrils above in the place of stock overhead 5 ~ 7cm, requirement clip is smooth, be beneficial to healing, then also smooth surface will be selected, vertically rive for straight in line (not selecting wreath piece) wide, the degree of depth of splitting mouth is identical with the wedge length of scion, unsuitable long or too short, and then mouth is split in the scion of cutting in advance insertion, scion will be whittled into long wedge shape, the lower cutter place of wedge shape is preferably whittled into a recessed rib, form an one side shoulder, during insertion, the formation layer of scion and stock will coincide, scion is inserted when to split mouthful should stay stock top by the biconcave rib shoulder in scion, quickly mouth can be split in stock top when such scion and stock generate callus to wrap up, general each stock can connect 1 ~ 2 scion, then covering with moistening fine earth claps tightly,
Grafting is usually used in when large-scale production grafting nursery stock, can in grafting, the method whip graft of indoors artificial grafting or cleft grafting, that stock identical for rugosity and scion bar sharp knife are whittled into identical inclined-plane from dorsal ventral side in indoor whip graft during early spring, chamfer length is 1.5 times of branch thick, each incision one tab on scarf, the tab of stock and scion is inserted mutually, namely the two combine securely, when indoor whip graft for promoting that interface well heals, grafting bar should put into healing case immediately or plastic sack carries out Stratificated treatment, make grafting bar below 25 ~ 28 DEG C, after 15 ~ 20 days, interface grows callus comprehensively, stock base portion produces root restriction or young root, after ventilating and taking exercise, can cuttage in open country or in greenhouse cultivate one section time after date transplant again.
3) bondage: beancake powder, trace element (iron, sulphur, copper, manganese, selenium) mixing water are formed thick shape, spread upon on gauze or cotton, gauze containing thick shape nutritive mud or cotton are strapped in stock and scion junction, after bondage completes 2 ~ 4 days to scion and stock junction, carry out watering or water soya-bean cake soak.
4) the management grafting after grafting plantation:
Water once permeable after grafting immediately, see to do later and water in time, azophoska fertilizer should be executed, note uproot weeds, within after connecing 7 ~ 10 days, sprout sprouting, young sprout, pumping flower fringe when growing the 3rd leaf, the strong seedling had colored fringe of pumping second again after the four to five leaf, the colored fringe on seedling will be extractd in time, when grafting grows to 20 ~ 25 centimetres high, want timely inserted link bondage, prevent wind from lodging, the tiller bud on root anvil will be extractd at ordinary times in time, pinching flat-top when grafting grows 7 ~ 8 leaves, pumping sprouting in each axil after pinching, stay a bud upwards elongation growth of top, leaf pinching is stayed to the bud grown under other axils, when the bud branch of top grows 7 ~ 8 leaves again, pinching flat-top once again, attention control damage by disease and insect after grafting, the foliage fertilizers such as 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed every 20 days, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times, the Plastic Bandage of grafting part should not be removed too early, with after autumn or spring next year remove as well.
What finally illustrate is, above preferred embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although by above preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, but those skilled in the art are to be understood that, various change can be made to it in the form and details, and not depart from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (6)
1. an engrafting and cultivating method for grape, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) selection of stock:
It is the problem first will considered when carrying out graft seedling growth that grape rootstock is selected, before nursery, according to the soil in grape development area, weather conditions and local damage by disease and insect, a situation arises, the variety type factor of market demand, consider and select to be applicable to local grape rootstock type, the external many areas of stock root system resistance are utilized to have the harm of grape phylloxera and nematode, to successfully cultivate excellent vitis vinifera, select resistance North America kind and cohybridization offspring or select local amur grape to set as stock;
2) grafting method: point open country grafting and grafting on the spot:
Open country on the spot grafting utilize the rootstock seedling in field in autumn in the first year or perennial always climing on, after the bleeding phase, carry out grafting on the spot in early spring, conventional side grafting or cleft grafting,
Grafting is usually used in when large-scale production grafting nursery stock, can in grafting, the method whip graft of indoors artificial grafting or cleft grafting;
3) bondage: beancake powder, trace element (iron, sulphur, copper, manganese, selenium) mixing water are formed thick shape, spreads upon on gauze or cotton, the gauze containing thick shape nutritive mud or cotton are strapped in stock and scion junction;
4) the management grafting after grafting plantation:
Water once permeable after grafting immediately, see to do later and water in time, azophoska fertilizer should be executed, note uproot weeds, within after connecing 7 ~ 10 days, sprout sprouting, young sprout, pumping flower fringe when growing the 3rd leaf, the strong seedling had colored fringe of pumping second again after the four to five leaf, the colored fringe on seedling will be extractd in time, when grafting grows to 20 ~ 25 centimetres high, want timely inserted link bondage, prevent wind from lodging, the tiller bud on root anvil will be extractd at ordinary times in time, pinching flat-top when grafting grows 7 ~ 8 leaves, pumping sprouting in each axil after pinching, stay a bud upwards elongation growth of top, leaf pinching is stayed to the bud grown under other axils, when the bud branch of top grows 7 ~ 8 leaves again, pinching flat-top once again, attention control damage by disease and insect after grafting, the foliage fertilizers such as 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed every 20 days, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times, the Plastic Bandage of grafting part should not be removed too early, with after autumn or spring next year remove as well.
2. the engrafting and cultivating method of grape as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in, side grafting is the branches and tendrils on the place of stock distance ground 5 ~ 7cm cuts off, then straight in stock smooth surface, line do not have distortion and wide part side pruner one clip, again clip is inserted in the scion of cutting in advance, scion is whittled into wedge shape stratification and mutually coincide.
3. the engrafting and cultivating method of grape as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in, cleft grafting is cut off by branches and tendrils above in the place of stock overhead 5 ~ 7cm, requirement clip is smooth, be beneficial to healing, then also smooth surface will be selected, vertically rive for wide straight in line, the degree of depth of splitting mouth is identical with the wedge length of scion, and then mouth is split in the scion of cutting in advance insertion, scion will be whittled into long wedge shape, the lower cutter place of wedge shape is preferably whittled into a recessed rib, form an one side step, during insertion, the formation layer of scion and stock will coincide, scion is inserted when to split mouthful should stay stock top by the biconcave terrace with edge rank in scion, quickly mouth can be split in stock top when such scion and stock generate callus to wrap up.
4. the engrafting and cultivating method of grape as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in, that stock identical for rugosity and scion bar sharp knife are whittled into identical inclined-plane from dorsal ventral side in indoor whip graft during early spring, chamfer length is 1.5 times of branch thick, each incision one tab on scarf, inserted mutually by the tab of stock and scion, namely the two combine securely.
5. the engrafting and cultivating method of grape as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in, when indoor whip graft for promoting that interface well heals, grafting bar should put into healing case immediately or plastic sack carries out Stratificated treatment, makes grafting bar below 25 ~ 28 DEG C, after 15 ~ 20 days, interface grows callus comprehensively, stock base portion produces root restriction or young root, after ventilating and taking exercise, can cuttage in open country or when cultivating one section in greenhouse after date transplant again.
6. the engrafting and cultivating method of the grape as described in any one of Claims 1 to 5, is characterized in that: in step 3) in, after bondage completes 2 ~ 4 days to scion and stock junction, carry out watering or water soya-bean cake soak.
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| CN201510236106.6A CN104855146A (en) | 2015-05-12 | 2015-05-12 | Grape grafting and cultivating method |
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| CN201510236106.6A CN104855146A (en) | 2015-05-12 | 2015-05-12 | Grape grafting and cultivating method |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105432396A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-03-30 | 成守财 | Olive tree planting method |
| CN105519360A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-27 | 镇江常青园林工程有限公司 | Method for grafting grapevine |
| CN105660203A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-06-15 | 乔德云 | Navel orange grafting method |
| CN105766393A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-07-20 | 张洪惠 | Method for cultivating osmanthus fragrans saplings |
| CN105850514A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-17 | 长顺县富康精品水果种植有限公司 | Method for grafting purple grape in wild grape |
| CN105900699A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 熊俊 | Navel orange grafting method |
| CN105961038A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-28 | 上海纯绿果蔬专业合作社 | Fruit tree green branch grafting method |
| CN106386187A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-02-15 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Ground stock hard scion grafting method for grape |
| CN107173141A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-19 | 重庆市绿枫顺农业科技发展有限公司 | Acer truncatum transplanting method |
| CN107223525A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-10-03 | 松桃苗族自治县鑫慧养殖专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of grape |
| CN107660394A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-06 | 陆川县泓源蔬菜专业合作社 | The engrafting method of plum |
| CN107820892A (en) * | 2017-12-23 | 2018-03-23 | 全椒县潘林园林葡萄专业合作社 | A kind of method for improving fragrant happy grape graft survival rate |
-
2015
- 2015-05-12 CN CN201510236106.6A patent/CN104855146A/en active Pending
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| 曾令升: "葡萄嫁接育苗技术概述", 《百度文库》 * |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105432396A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-03-30 | 成守财 | Olive tree planting method |
| CN105519360A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-27 | 镇江常青园林工程有限公司 | Method for grafting grapevine |
| CN107173141A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-19 | 重庆市绿枫顺农业科技发展有限公司 | Acer truncatum transplanting method |
| CN105850514A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-17 | 长顺县富康精品水果种植有限公司 | Method for grafting purple grape in wild grape |
| CN105660203A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-06-15 | 乔德云 | Navel orange grafting method |
| CN105766393A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-07-20 | 张洪惠 | Method for cultivating osmanthus fragrans saplings |
| CN105900699A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 熊俊 | Navel orange grafting method |
| CN105961038A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-28 | 上海纯绿果蔬专业合作社 | Fruit tree green branch grafting method |
| CN107660394A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-06 | 陆川县泓源蔬菜专业合作社 | The engrafting method of plum |
| CN106386187A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-02-15 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Ground stock hard scion grafting method for grape |
| CN107223525A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-10-03 | 松桃苗族自治县鑫慧养殖专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of grape |
| CN107820892A (en) * | 2017-12-23 | 2018-03-23 | 全椒县潘林园林葡萄专业合作社 | A kind of method for improving fragrant happy grape graft survival rate |
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Application publication date: 20150826 |