CN106416762A - Secondary grafting method of hongyang kiwifruit - Google Patents
Secondary grafting method of hongyang kiwifruit Download PDFInfo
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- CN106416762A CN106416762A CN201610959162.7A CN201610959162A CN106416762A CN 106416762 A CN106416762 A CN 106416762A CN 201610959162 A CN201610959162 A CN 201610959162A CN 106416762 A CN106416762 A CN 106416762A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a secondary grafting method of hongyang kiwifruit. The secondary grafting method includes: cultivating first-grade grafting stock actinidia valvata; grafting actinidia valvata and a wild kiwifruit variety, and growing seedlings; grafting hongyang kiwifruit at a high position of the wild kiwifruit after growing for one year for cultivation. By adopting the method, the hongyang kiwifruit is high in adaptability and can normally grown in places different in altitude, terrain, soil and river valley and flat ground, so that kiwifruit cultivation area can be widened. The hongyang kiwifruit is high in yield, large and regular in fruit shape, orderly in size and good in taste, and the problem that actinidia valvata and the hongyang kiwifruit are low in affinity and grafting survival rate is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the engrafting method of Kiwi berry, the secondary grafting method of specifically a kind of red kiwi fruit.
Background technology
Current red kiwi fruit grafting mainly does stock with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis, disposable grafting, there is problems that macaque
Peach root is fleshy root, and main root is undeveloped, and during 2~3 true leaves of seedling, main root just stops growing.Growing with lateral root, main
Root tapers off and forms the lateral root group of similar cluster natural disposition.Because the root system of Kiwi berry is shallow, root skin thickness, to soil hypoxia response
Sensitivity, often can not survive in Waterlogged area.Kiwi berry resistance to stain poor ability, particularly Seedling Stage, root accumulated water one day can be complete
Portion is dead, and seedling root accumulated water is all caught an illness and dead for 48 hours.Therefore soil accumulated water is bigger than arid threat, in draining
Not smooth low-lying plot or the season continuously rained for a long time, red kiwi fruit is easily dead, and survival rate is low.
At present, the domestic Kiwifruit Cultivars wideling popularize cultivation are mainly " Red Male ", " east is red ", " gold fruit ", " rice good 1
Number ", " Qin Mei ", the kind of the seed selection such as " Jin Kui ", all stock is made using the seedling of Chinese gooseberry and Kiwifruit, generally
There is kind intolerant to stain, not disease-resistant two hang-ups, particularly show in China plains region and easy ponding mountain area especially prominent.
Therefore, a kind of base anvil material of function admirable of seed selection carries out grafting, and merit and characteristic using stock strengthen cultivation product
Plant resistance and adaptability, and make up base anvil and the not high defect of red kiwi fruit affinity by grafting intermediate stock, can improve
Survival rate, expands cultivation scope;Meanwhile, the anvil seedling of selection is easily bred, and can make full use of elite stand branch again, increases breeding number
Amount, is conducive to obtaining the resistance nursery stock that specification is consistent, best in quality, proterties is stable.Therefore, the training of resistance macaque Peach rootstock
Educate and its researching and solving of graft technology, to improving the survival rate of Kiwifruit Culture, reduce pest and disease damage, increase yield, improve fruit
The aspects such as real quality have extremely important meaning.
Content of the invention
The present invention be directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a kind of secondary grafting method of red kiwi fruit, using right
One-level base anvil made by calyx Kiwi berry, and after this grafted with base anvil red kiwi fruit, it has very strong resistance to stain and diseases and insect pests resistance, and
Not high to growth environmental requirement, strong adaptability, stock is good with scion affinity, high graft survival rate, the yield of red kiwi fruit
And fruit quality all has significant improvement, solve because of disposable grafting not moisture-proof, the low problem of survival rate.
The technical scheme realizing the object of the invention is:
A kind of secondary grafting method of red kiwi fruit, including the cultivation to one-level base anvil Actinidia valvata, Actinidia valvata anvil
On wood and Wild Macaque Peach cultivars graft seedling growth, then the wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis after growing a year, high position grafting red kiwi fruit is carried out
Cultivation.
The base anvil material that the present invention selects is Actinidia valvata (Actinidia valvata), is Actinidiaceae Kiwi berry
Platymiscium.Actinidia valvata is the distinctive plant resources in southern china mountain area, is naturally grown on the mountain of 400 meters to 1100 meters of height above sea level
Area, well developed root system, is the liana liked near water source growth, and it is not only suitable in mountain area cultivation, and may also be adapted to put down
Original area and easy ponding region (rice field, low-lying land etc.) cultivation.Make stock with Actinidia valvata, with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis engrafting and cultivating
High position grafting red kiwi fruit on wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis again after 1 year, shows very strong adaptability, can keep red kiwi fruit
The proterties of improved seeds.Red kiwi fruit sapling after Actinidia valvata stock grafting is suitable for Different Altitude, different physical features, no
Cultivation under the environmental conditions such as same soil, different river valley level land, make the cultivation of Kiwi berry be no longer limited to middle High aititude mountain area or
The higher mountain region of physical features is moreover it is possible to adapt to the relatively low channel basin of physical features, easy soak or Plain cultivation.
Base anvil material selected by the present invention is Actinidia valvata during cultivating stock, and seed passes through husky to hide alternating temperature
Process, to select sand loam preferably when nursing young plants in hothouses, transplanted in spring or summer after germinating to seedling, when seedling grows to
After more than 0.5 centimetre rugosity, you can grafting;Or from length 10 cm, there is the tendril spray of two full buds or hard
Branch makees cuttings, in sand loam cuttage, controls 25 DEG C~27 DEG C of temperature to carry out vegetative propagation, cultivates base anvil, takes root after surviving i.e.
Can grafting.
Described Actinidia valvata stock and the graft seedling growth of Wild Macaque Peach cultivars, Actinidia valvata anvil seedling first transplants one
Year, when reaching more than 0.5 centimetre of rugosity, carry out grafting with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis scion.
Wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis scion should be adopted on pure in kind, healthy and strong, substantial, annual above developmental branch that eye is full
Collection, the method grafting with above-mentioned stock cut-grafting or side grafting, management in good time obtains final product resistance Kiwi berry sapling.
Described first time grafting, Actinidia valvata stock and the graft seedling growth of Wild Macaque Peach cultivars, concretely comprise the following steps:
S1 stock tree prepares:With Actinidia valvata for base anvil before winter Mo grafting, the nursery stock with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis as intermediate stock,
Sawed-off at the 90-100cm of ground;At the height of 50-70cm from the ground, the sawed-off surface of a wound is sawed with angle according to bifurcated situation
Flat, the grafting knife equating of surface of a wound periphery;
S2 scabbles scion:From healthy and strong red kiwi fruit tree, select ripe green branch raw then as scion, scion diameter is not
More than diameter of stock, select fine day noon that this scion is cut into the branch section that length is 11.5, each section upper end stay 2 full
Bud, the both sides of each section lower end are whittled into the inclination bevel that length is 3, and bevel smooths, that is, handle scion well;Red Male is red
Upwards, smooth one side is close to forefinger to the rib type one side of Kiwi berry scion, a knife-edge of splaying forward at 0.8 to 1cm under bud point
The angle of inclination on the inclined-plane becoming is 45 degree, then overturns one side smooth for scion, from skin of pruning forward near bud point
Layer, then scion is changed one's position, by the bud point of scion upwards, transversely cutting at 0.2-0.4cm above bud point, it is put into standby in bowl;
S3 cutting stock, embedding bud:Smooth place is selected to cut along between xylem and bast in stock tree saw kerf plane to inner side
One knife depth by see white be defined, tangent plane length is longer than scion 0.1cm-0.8cm, then by the scion cut insert stock otch
Interior;
S4 wraps up film:Use PEF film bundling, first with wide single thin film, saw kerf is all covered, holding otch does not make
Scion moves up and down, and then film is tightened along incision periphery, so that otch is not run off with saw face moisture, waits healing dew of buddering
Bud bursting film;
The anti-disease pest of S5 endangers:Every 7 days spray weight ratios for 1000 times of Acetamiprids and Tobe after the young shoot after grafting exposes film
The anti-disease pest in Tianjin is until blade turns green;The first time tip turn green after apply a fertilizer, 0.3% phosphoric acid is added than 0.2% urea with weight
Potassium dihydrogen, balance of water pours to be applied;
S6 erases stock tree lateral bud:Remove rudiment once every 15-20 day sky inspection, should pluck when shaddock of buddering goes out 5-6 leaf in good time
The heart, promotes the thick sprouting with second tip of stem.
Described second grafting, is that on the wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis after growing a year, high position grafting red kiwi fruit is planted
Wild Macaque peach seedling with Actinidia valvata as grafted with base anvil is specifically first cultivated 1 year, wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis stem slightly reaches by training
Carry out grafting with red kiwi fruit scion when more than 0.4 centimetre of rugosity.
Red kiwi fruit scion should be adopted on pure in kind, healthy and strong, substantial, annual above developmental branch that eye is full
Collection, the method grafting with above-mentioned wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis cut-grafting or side grafting, management in good time obtains final product resistance, wide adaptability Red Male macaque
Peach seedling;Concrete grafting implementation is with first time grafting.
The inventive method compared with prior art, has following remarkable advantage:
1st, adopt the red kiwi fruit strong adaptability after this method grafting, in Different Altitude, different physical features, different soils, different
The ground such as river valley level land can normal growth, Kiwifruit Culture region can be expanded.
2nd, solve because making stock, the serious degradation problem of Kiwi berry improved seeds with conventional seedling.
3rd, the energy such as the anti-stain of red kiwi fruit after this method grafting, Resistant (root rot, crown gall, root knot nematode disease) are adopted
Power is strong, solves the problems, such as the pest and disease damage that the former stock of Kiwi berry leads to intolerant to stain.
4th, adopt the red kiwi fruit kind after this method grafting, yield is big, and fruit type is big, and fruit shape is rectified, and size is neat, wind
Taste is good.
5th, solve Actinidia valvata and red kiwi fruit affinity is bad, the not high problem of graft survival rate.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, present invention is further described, but is not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment
A kind of secondary grafting method of red kiwi fruit, including the cultivation to one-level base anvil Actinidia valvata, to calyx macaque
High position grafting red kiwi fruit on Peach rootstock and Wild Macaque Peach cultivars graft seedling growth, then the wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis after growing a year
Three steps cultivated.
The first step, the cultivation of Actinidia valvata base anvil.From robust growth, the elite plant of no disease and pests harm makees the mother collecting seed
Tree, harvests the seed of abundant ripening fruits, carries out husky Tibetan intermittent warming, that is,:Seed is mixed with wet sand 1: 6~8, husky is aqueous
Amount be about 20%, container earthen basin, bottom puts 10 centimetres of wet sand, put thereon mixing river sand seed, 5 centimetres of upper cover wet
Sand, physical features high and dry, well-drained by north the back of the body sun local trench-digging, then container is put into trench, in container upper cover
One layer of straw, straw upper berth damp sand loam, put and during container, insert wisp sorghum stalks, Elisha hides seed ventilation, Stratificated treatment 60
After it, seed germination rate is up to 95%.When nursing young plants in hothouses, select sand loam preferably, transplanted in spring or summer, work as children
After seedling grows to certain rugosity (more than 0.5 centimetre), you can grafting;Or from length 10 cm, there are two full buds
Tendril spray or stiff wood make cuttings, sand loam cuttage (controlling 25 DEG C~27 DEG C of temperature), carry out vegetative propagation, cultivate base
Anvil.
Second step, Actinidia valvata stock and excellent Wild Macaque Peach cultivars grafting cultivation.Kind pure, healthy and strong, fill
Kiwi berry scion is gathered, with above-mentioned stock with cutting on the annual above excellent wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis developmental branch real, eye is full
Connect or side grafting method grafting, obtain resistance Kiwi berry sapling through in good time rich water quality management, pruning.Concrete steps are such as
Under:
S1 stock tree prepares:With Actinidia valvata for base anvil before winter Mo grafting, the nursery stock with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis as intermediate stock,
Sawed-off at the 90-100cm of ground;At the height of 50-70cm from the ground, the sawed-off surface of a wound is sawed with angle according to bifurcated situation
Flat, the grafting knife equating of surface of a wound periphery;
S2 scabbles scion:From healthy and strong red kiwi fruit tree, select ripe green branch raw then as scion, scion diameter is not
More than diameter of stock, select fine day noon that this scion is cut into the branch section that length is 11.5, each section upper end stay 2 full
Bud, the both sides of each section lower end are whittled into the inclination bevel that length is 3, and bevel smooths, that is, handle scion well;Red Male is red
Upwards, smooth one side is close to forefinger to the rib type one side of Kiwi berry scion, a knife-edge of splaying forward at 0.8 to 1cm under bud point
The angle of inclination on the inclined-plane becoming is 45 degree, then overturns one side smooth for scion, from skin of pruning forward near bud point
Layer, then scion is changed one's position, by the bud point of scion upwards, transversely cutting at 0.2-0.4cm above bud point, it is put into standby in bowl;
S3 cutting stock, embedding bud:Smooth place is selected to cut along between xylem and bast in stock tree saw kerf plane to inner side
One knife depth by see white be defined, tangent plane length is longer than scion 0.1cm-0.8cm, then by the scion cut insert stock otch
Interior;
S4 wraps up film:Use PEF film bundling, first with wide single thin film, saw kerf is all covered, holding otch does not make
Scion moves up and down, and then film is tightened along incision periphery, so that otch is not run off with saw face moisture, waits healing dew of buddering
Bud bursting film;
The anti-disease pest of S5 endangers:Every 7 days spray weight ratios for 1000 times of Acetamiprids and Tobe after the young shoot after grafting exposes film
The anti-disease pest in Tianjin is until blade turns green;The first time tip turn green after apply a fertilizer, 0.3% phosphoric acid is added than 0.2% urea with weight
Potassium dihydrogen, balance of water pours to be applied;
S6 erases stock tree lateral bud:Remove rudiment once every 15-20 day sky inspection, should pluck when shaddock of buddering goes out 5-6 leaf in good time
The heart, promotes the thick sprouting with second tip of stem.
3rd step, on wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis, the high red kiwi fruit that connects carries out producing cultivation again.Wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis stem slightly reaches
Carry out grafting with red kiwi fruit scion when more than 0.4 centimetre of rugosity;Red kiwi fruit scion should pure in kind, healthy and strong, fill
Gather on the annual above developmental branch real, eye is full, the method grafting with above-mentioned wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis cut-grafting or side grafting,
Management obtains final product resistance, wide adaptability red kiwi fruit sapling in good time.Typically can Second Year grafting red kiwi fruit, the 3rd year examination
Flower, examination fruit, go into operation on the 4th year, enter high yield period within the 5th year.
Make red kiwi fruit not dead in continuously rainy weather or washy low-lying plot using this secondary grafting method, become
Rate reaches more than 90%, improves more than 80% than doing graft survival rate of stock with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis.
The inventive method Actinidia valvata stock carries out the red kiwi fruit of grafting with conventional seedling stock, carries out anti-stain
The contrast test of survival rate, refers to table 1.
Table 1:The inventive method Actinidia valvata stock and conventional seedling stock anti-stain survival rate contrast experiment
Result of the test shows, using Actinidia valvata for the red kiwi fruit of stock grafting anti-stain survival rate apparently higher than growing directly from seeds
Seedling macaque Peach rootstock.
Carry out the red kiwi fruit nursery stock of grafting using Actinidia valvata stock and conventional seedling stock, transplant in difference
Under environment, carry out the contrast test of disease and insect resistance, refer to table 2.
Table 2:The inventive method Actinidia valvata stock and conventional seedling stock disease and insect resistance contrast experiment
Result of the test shows, is substantially better than reality using Actinidia valvata for the diseases and insect pests resistance of the red kiwi fruit of grafted with base anvil
Raw macaque Peach rootstock.
Table 3:Actinidia valvata stock and the direct graft survival rate of red kiwi fruit are wild with Actinidia valvata stock grafting
With red kiwi fruit secondary grafting survival rate contrast table after Kiwi berry
Result of the test shows, high with the survival rate of red kiwi fruit secondary grafting after Actinidia valvata stock grafting wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis
Survival rate in an engrafting method.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of red kiwi fruit secondary grafting method it is characterised in that:Including the cultivation to one-level base anvil Actinidia valvata,
On Actinidia valvata stock and Wild Macaque Peach cultivars graft seedling growth, then the wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis after growing a year, high position grafting is red
Positive Kiwi berry is cultivated.
2. red kiwi fruit according to claim 1 secondary grafting method it is characterised in that:Described to one-level base anvil pair
In the cultivating process of calyx Kiwi berry, seed passes through husky Tibetan intermittent warming, to select sand loam preferably when nursing young plants in hothouses, germinates into
After seedling was transplanted in spring or summer, after seedling grows to more than 0.5 centimetre rugosity, you can grafting;Or select length 10
Cm has the tendril spray of two full buds or stiff wood makees cuttings, in sand loam cuttage, controls temperature 25 DEG C~27
DEG C carry out vegetative propagation, cultivate base anvil, take root and after surviving, get final product grafting.
3. red kiwi fruit according to claim 1 secondary grafting method it is characterised in that:Described Actinidia valvata anvil
Wood and the graft seedling growth of Wild Macaque Peach cultivars, Actinidia valvata anvil seedling is first transplanted 1 year, when reaching more than 0.5 centimetre of rugosity,
Carry out grafting with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis scion, concretely comprise the following steps:
S1. stock tree prepares:With Actinidia valvata for base anvil before winter Mo grafting, the seedling with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis as intermediate stock
Wood, sawed-off at the 90-100cm of ground;According to bifurcated situation and angle at the height of 50-70cm from the ground by the sawed-off surface of a wound
Saw is flat, the grafting knife equating of surface of a wound periphery;
S2. scabble scion:From healthy and strong red kiwi fruit tree, select ripe green branch raw then as scion, scion diameter
It is not more than diameter of stock, selects fine day noon that this scion is cut into the branch section that length is 11.5, stay 2 to satisfy in each section upper end
Full bud, the both sides of each section lower end are whittled into the inclination bevel that length is 3, and bevel smooths, that is, handle scion well;By Red Male
Upwards, smooth one side is close to forefinger to the rib type one side of red Kiwi berry scion, a knife of splaying forward at 0.8 to 1cm under bud point
The angle of inclination on the inclined-plane being formed is 45 degree, then overturns one side smooth for scion, from skin of pruning forward near bud point
Layer, then scion is changed one's position, by the bud point of scion upwards, transversely cutting at 0.2-0.4cm above bud point, it is put into standby in bowl;
S3. cutting stock, embedding bud:Smooth place is selected to cut along between xylem and bast in stock tree saw kerf plane to inner side
One knife depth by see white be defined, tangent plane length is longer than scion 0.1cm-0.8cm, then by the scion cut insert stock otch
Interior;
S4. wrap up film:Use PEF film bundling, first with wide single thin film, saw kerf is all covered, holding otch does not make
Scion moves up and down, and then film is tightened along incision periphery, so that otch is not run off with saw face moisture, waits healing dew of buddering
Bud bursting film;
S5. anti-disease pest harm:Every 7 days spray weight ratios for 1000 times of Acetamiprids and support after the young shoot after grafting exposes film
The anti-disease pest in cloth Tianjin is until blade turns green;The first time tip turn green after apply a fertilizer, 0.3% phosphorus is added than 0.2% urea with weight
Acid dihydride potassium, balance of water pours to be applied;
S6. erase stock tree lateral bud:Remove rudiment once every 15-20 day sky inspection, should pluck when shaddock of buddering goes out 5-6 leaf in good time
The heart, promotes the thick sprouting with second tip of stem.
4. red kiwi fruit according to claim 1 secondary grafting method it is characterised in that:Described in wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis
In the cultivating process of upper high position grafting red kiwi fruit, first the Wild Macaque peach seedling with Actinidia valvata as grafted with base anvil is first planted
Training 1 year, wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis stem slightly reaches and carries out grafting with red kiwi fruit scion during more than 0.4 centimetre of rugosity;Red kiwi fruit
Scion should gather, with above-mentioned Wild Macaque on pure in kind, healthy and strong, substantial, annual above developmental branch that eye is full
The method grafting of peach cut-grafting or side grafting, management in good time obtains final product resistance, wide adaptability red kiwi fruit sapling.
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CN107223461A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-03 | 贵州省湄潭县金太阳果蔬专业合作社 | Kiwi berry secondary grafting method |
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CN112106539A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-22 | 丁家春 | Method for grafting kiwi fruits on rootstocks |
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CN112154850B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-08-12 | 史宝具 | Seedling breeding method for amygdalus communis |
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CN114451156A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-10 | 浙江省农业科学院 | High-position grafting method for waterlogging-resistant kiwi fruit rootstock |
CN114557203A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-05-31 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating double-rootstock high-resistance kiwi fruit grafted seedlings |
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