CN104542159B - Method for quickly cultivating carya pecan tree crown - Google Patents
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- CN104542159B CN104542159B CN201510026737.5A CN201510026737A CN104542159B CN 104542159 B CN104542159 B CN 104542159B CN 201510026737 A CN201510026737 A CN 201510026737A CN 104542159 B CN104542159 B CN 104542159B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
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- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly cultivating a carya pecan tree crown. The method for quickly cultivating the carya pecan tree crown includes that selecting a 2-year-old carya pecan grafted seedling, planting, trunk determining, shearing according to the following method after planting for 2 to 5 years, to be specific, shearing in summer in general, shearing at the middle ten days of June of each year, cutting back 1/5 from each 20 to 50 centimeters one-year-old branch, and cutting back 1/3 from each more than 50 centimeters one-year-old branch; applying 20 to 40 kilograms of chicken manure and 1 to 5 kilograms of slow release fertilizer to each tree in winter of each year; irrigating duly to guarantee enough moisture; manually catching trunk boring insects and using an insecticidal lamp to kill the trunk boring insects. A lot of branches can be formed to quickly form the tree crown after planting for 5 years, the branch number is 3 to 4 times of that of the tree crown not sheared, and the yield would be increased by 3 to 4 times.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree and field of forest cultivation technology, it is related to a kind of side of fast culture apocarya tree crown
Method.
Background technology
Apocarya (carya illinoensis (wangenheim) k.koch) also known as pecan tree, Chang Mount core
Fructus Persicae, is Juglandaceae (juglandaceae) hickory (carya nutt) deciduous tree.It is rich in not in apocarya kernel
Satisfied fatty acid, has very high nutritive value, is high-grade dry fruit famous in the world, edible oil materials.Apocarya in
Introduce China, but never paid attention to and develop within 1900, the apocarya of domestic plantation is mainly seedling tree at present,
Fruit size, quality discrepancy are very big, and commodity value is low.Since entering 21 century, apocarya industry is paid much attention to,
Researcher solves the problems, such as the nursery of apocarya successively, including rich root cultivation of container seedling technology, graft technology.
With the development of apocarya industrialization, some young garden progress into period, have emerged one simultaneously
A little production problems.Apocarya is the different flowering plant of hermaphroditism, flowering asynchronism, there is female antetype, male two kinds of antetype different
Type, apocarya male flower main on the raw staminate inflorescence in the previous year raw branch middle and lower part, and female flower once raceme,
Life, on the top of fruitful branch, therefore, wants to make apocarya realize early real high yield, is necessary for increasing the number of branch in a short time
Amount, expands result area.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the drawbacks described above for prior art, provides a kind of fast culture apocarya tree crown
Method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of fast culture apocarya tree crown, the apocarya grafting plantation choosing life in 2 years is fixed dry,
After plantation the 2nd 5 year is pruned in accordance with the following methods: the method mainly taking summer pruning, summer pruning is in annual 6 months
Ten days is carried out, the annotinous branch cutting back 1/5 of 20 50cm, the annotinous branch cutting back 1/3 of more than 50cm；Annual winter each tree
Apply 20～40kg chicken manure and 1～5kg slow-release fertilizer；Irrigate in time it is ensured that the moisture of abundance；Tissue artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping
Moth dryness insect, plantation can form tree crown in latter 5 years.
The method of described fast culture apocarya tree crown, preferably specifically includes following steps:
1) selection of seedling: choose the grafting of apocarya life in 2 years；
2) soil selects and site preparation: choose fertile soil and be rich in organic soil, and plant legume and increased soil fertility,
After legume grows 3 months, then using digging machine, 0.8～1.2m is ploughed deeply in soil, and using legume as green manure one
And plough under in soil；
3) March of annual next year in November is planted, and digs diameter 1m, the hole of depth 80cm, paving 20kg is rotten for bottom
Ripe fertilizer, then spreads the soil of 20cm, finally by seedling growth, fills permeable 1 time, then surely do after field planting；
4) management of First Year after planting, mainly water management is it is ensured that the moisture of abundance is it is ensured that tree body survives；
5) management of the 2nd 5 year, the method mainly taking summer pruning after planting, summer pruning entered in annual mid-June
OK, the annotinous branch cutting back 1/5 of 20 50cm, the annotinous branch cutting back 1/3 of more than 50cm；Annual winter each tree applies 20
～40kg chicken manure and 1～5kg slow-release fertilizer；Irrigate in time it is ensured that the moisture of abundance；Tissue artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping moth are dry
Property insect.
Step 1) in 2 years raw graftings refer to 1 year raw stock and raw grafting in 1 year.
Step 1) choose height in 1.5m, ground stem is in 2 years Sheng Fugen container graftings of more than 1.5cm.Rich root container is transferred
Seedlings picking is using cultivation container stock, forms the seedling containing a large amount of lateral roots, then carries out grafting, in culture 1 year after grafting,
Form 1 year stock and add the rich root container grafting of grafting in 1 year.
Step 3) in fixed dry be that all of above branch of 0.8m 1.5m, trunk from the ground are all cut.
Step 4) in water management refer to that in 10 days rainfall is less than 10mm, that is, irrigate 1 time.
Step 4) in irrigation method be using furrow irrigation in the form of.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
By applying above-mentioned a series of supplementary measures, and coordinate rich water quality management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, plant latter 5 years, can
To form substantial amounts of branch, quickly form tree crown, 3-4 times of the increase of the branch quantity less pruning of formation, corresponding yield
3-4 times can be increased.
Brief description
Fig. 1. apocarya summer pruning reaction effect figure
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1 material
4 years raw apocarya improved seeds ' ripple Buddhist nun ' plant for examination are grafting, and stock is solid for naturally mixing
The seedling that goes out of cultivating seeds.Test and have in this Nanjing green cosmos apocarya science and technology in June, 2014 in December, 2014
Limit company Nanjing Liuhe District Shan Bei village production base is carried out.
2 methods
Experiment cutting back processes and carries out respectively on June 14th, 2014 and June 28.Tree crown periphery is chosen in experiment respectively
20 50cm and the annotinous branch more than 50cm carry out cutting back process respectively, and cutting back processes and sets 6 process, respectively not cutting back
(comparison), pinching, cutting back 1/5, cutting back 1/3, cutting back 1/2 and cutting back 2/3, numbering is listed, and each is processed prunes 3 branches.Often
Process 3 plants, be considered as 3 repetitions.In December, 2014, the quantity of statistics rudiment branch simultaneously measures its length.
3 data analysiss
Rudiment number/process branch the number of average rudiment number=process branch；Principal stresses is become to be divided into 3 different length, respectively
For<10cm, 11 30cm and>30cm, become rudiment number × 100% of the branch number of principal stresses=each length/total.
4 results and analysis
From table 1, summer carries out pinching to current-year branch or cutting back is processed, for raising apocarya then
Rudiment number with become principal stresses there is important effect.Either how long branch, is not processed, the bud of current-year branch will not be sprouted
Send out.After being processed accordingly, the bud on current-year branch can be sprouted, and forms the branch (Fig. 1) of unequal number amount.But pin
To different length, annotinous branch, the trimming measure taken is different.The pruning reaction on June 14 is as follows: for 20 50cm
The branch of length, with the increase of cutting back length, average rudiment number presents first increases the trend reducing afterwards, > the one-tenth principal stresses of 10cm
(include 11 30cm with > 30cm become principal stresses, similarly hereinafter) present and first raise the trend reducing afterwards, comprehensive analysis are with cutting back 1/5 effect
Preferably, average rudiment number is 1.67, > the one-tenth principal stresses of 10cm is 86.67%, > the one-tenth principal stresses highest of 30cm, it is 13.33%；For
The branch of more than 50cm, average rudiment number presents and first increases the trend reducing afterwards with the increase of cutting back length, > the one-tenth branch of 10cm
Power assumes the trend being gradually increased, comprehensive two index analysis, and preferably, average rudiment number reaches 2.75 to the effect of cutting back 1/3, >
The one-tenth principal stresses of 10cm be 86.36%, > 30cm become principal stresses equally have higher proportion.The pruning reaction on June 28 is as follows: right
In the branch of 20 50cm length, with the increase of cutting back length, average rudiment number totally presents first increases the trend reducing afterwards, >
The principal stresses that becomes of 10cm totally assumes the trend of reduction, and equally with cutting back 1/5 effect preferably, average rudiment number is comprehensive analysis
1.22, > the one-tenth principal stresses of 10cm is 90.91%；For the branch of more than 50cm, average rudiment number with the increase of cutting back length is in
Now first increase the trend reducing afterwards, > principal stresses that becomes of 10cm assumes the trend being gradually increased, comprehensive two index analysis, cutting back 1/3
Effect preferably, average rudiment number reaches 2.00, > the one-tenth principal stresses of 10cm is 84.33%.Therefore, from germination rate with become principal stresses two
Item index comprehensive is analyzed to come, and no matter when prunes, and for the branch of 20 50cm, cutting back 1/5 effect is best, for big
In the branch of 50cm, cutting back 1/3 effect is best.As it can be seen from table 1 the branch for various length and corresponding pruning are arranged
Apply, the rudiment number that June 14 was processed with become principal stresses and be all better than June 28.
Table 1 summer cutting back is to apocarya ' ripple Buddhist nun ' rudiment number and the impact becoming principal stresses
Embodiment 2
Method (one), a kind of method of this patent fast culture apocarya tree crown, are carried out by the following method:
1) selection of seedling, chooses height in 1.5m, the apocarya richness root container of the lifes in 2 years in more than 1.5cm for the ground stem
Grafting.
2) soil selects and site preparation, chooses fertile soil and be rich in organic soil, and plant the legumes such as Semen Glyciness
Row is increased soil fertility, and then using digging machine, soil is ploughed deeply 1m.
3) annual December is planted, and digs diameter 1m, the hole of depth 80cm, bottom spreads the fertilizer that 20kg becomes thoroughly decomposed,
Then spread the soil of 20cm, finally by seedling growth, fill after field planting permeable 1 time, then will sentence top sub-cut by 1.2m from the ground
Fall fixed dry.
4) management of First Year after planting, mainly water management is it is ensured that the moisture of abundance is it is ensured that tree body survives.
5) management of 2-5, the method mainly taking summer pruning after planting, summer pruning was carried out in mid-June,
The annotinous branch cutting back 1/5 of 20-50cm, the annotinous branch cutting back 1/3 of more than 50cm；Annual winter each tree applies 30kg chicken
Excrement and 4kg slow-release fertilizer slow-release fertilizer (scotts company produces, trade name " green No. 5 difficult to understand ", composition: nitrogen: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium is:
14:13:13.Slow release phase: 5-6 month)；Irrigate in time it is ensured that the moisture of abundance；Tissue artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping moth are dry
Property insect.
Method (two)
1) selection of seedling, chooses height in 1.5m, the apocarya richness root container of the lifes in 2 years in more than 1.5cm for the ground stem
Grafting.
2) soil selects and site preparation, chooses fertile soil and be rich in organic soil, and plant the legumes such as Semen Glyciness
Row is increased soil fertility, and then using digging machine, soil is ploughed deeply 1m.
3) plant, dig diameter 1m, the hole of depth 80cm, bottom spreads the fertilizer that 20kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, then spread the soil of 20cm,
Finally by seedling growth, after field planting, fill permeable 1 time, then will from the ground 1.2 sentence top sub-cut fall fixed dry.
4) management of First Year after planting, mainly water management is it is ensured that the moisture of abundance is it is ensured that tree body survives.
5) after planting, the management of the 2nd 5 year, does not carry out summer pruning；Annual winter each tree applies 30kg chicken manure and 4kg delays
Release fertilizer；Irrigate in time it is ensured that the moisture of abundance；Tissue artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping moth dryness insect.
Result: by said method one summer pruning and coordinate rich water quality management, by the management of 5 years, every in the 6th annual
Pruning tree forms 55 fruitful branches, less prunes the height of tree and goes out 71%, fruit yield improves 203%.
Table 2
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of fast culture apocarya tree crown is it is characterised in that the method specifically includes following steps:
1) selection of seedling: choose 2 years raw graftings of apocarya；
2) soil selects and site preparation: choose fertile soil and be rich in organic soil, and plant legume and increased soil fertility, pulse family
After plant growth 3 months, using digging machine, 0.8 ~ 1.2m is ploughed deeply in soil, and legume is ploughed under in soil as green manure；
3) March of annual November-next year is planted, and digs diameter 1m, the hole of depth 80cm, and bottom spreads what 20kg became thoroughly decomposed
Fertilizer, then spreads the soil of 20cm, finally by seedling growth, fills permeable 1 time, then surely do after field planting；
4) management of First Year after planting, mainly water management is it is ensured that the moisture of abundance is it is ensured that tree body survives；
5) management of 2-5, the method mainly taking summer pruning after planting, summer pruning was carried out in annual mid-June,
The annotinous branch cutting back 1/5 of 20-50cm, the annotinous branch cutting back 1/3 of more than 50cm；Annual winter each tree applies 20～
40kg chicken manure and 1～5kg slow-release fertilizer；Irrigate in time it is ensured that the moisture of abundance；Tissue artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping moth dryness
Insect.
2. according to claim 1 fast culture apocarya tree crown method it is characterised in that in step 1) life in 2 years transfer
Seedlings picking refers to 1 year raw stock and raw grafting in 1 year.
3. the method for fast culture apocarya tree crown according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that step 1) chooses height
, in 1.5m, ground stem is in 2 years Sheng Fugen container graftings of more than 1.5cm for degree.
4. the method for fast culture apocarya tree crown according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that determining in step 3)
Dry is all to cut all of above for 0.8m-1.5m from the ground branch, trunk.
5. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the water management in step 4) refers to rainfall in 10 days
Less than 10mm, that is, irrigate 1 time.
6. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the irrigation method in step 4) is in the form of furrow irrigation.
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| CN106305281A (en) * | 2016-08-20 | 2017-01-11 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Planting method capable of increasing yield of high-quality variety Mahan of carya illinoensis |
| CN107306648B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2020-11-20 | 宿州青果知识产权服务有限公司 | Processing method for promoting early blossoming of male flowers of female-first type walnuts |
| CN107926424A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-20 | 泗洪县科晖现代农业发展生态园 | A kind of method that apocarya high yield tree-shaped is cultivated |
| CN108476845B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Directional cultivation method for carya illinoensis crown |
| CN110663427A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-01-10 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Organic cultivation method for planting carya illinoensis by utilizing biogas slurry |
| CN110637663A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-01-03 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Sustainable development planting method based on apocarya |
| CN110447452A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-15 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of apocarya high position grafting breeding method |
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| CN103828671A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-06-04 | 丁淑红 | Walnut tree tip removing and pruning method |
| CN103238494A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-08-14 | 常熟市润丰农业有限公司 | Close planting and high production cultivation method of early bearing walnuts |
| CN103875501B (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2016-01-27 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of annual trimming method of apocarya of cultivating large result branch |
| CN103947498A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-30 | 梁文荣 | Trimming method of young walnut trees |
| CN104082059A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-10-08 | 安徽华箔箔业科技有限公司 | Shaping and trimming technology for Xiangling walnuts |
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