CN110637663A - A sustainable planting method based on pecan - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a sustainable development planting method based on apocarya, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a garden; 2) soil improvement; 3) planting apocarya; 4) planting peanuts: planting peanuts in the middle of the apocarya between rows from 3 th to 4 th, harvesting the peanuts in the middle of 8 th, and deeply turning the peanut straws into soil or paving the peanut straws around the apocarya after harvesting; 5) planting buckwheat: after the peanuts are harvested, planting buckwheat in the last 8 th month, harvesting buckwheat in the middle 11 th month, and after the buckwheat is harvested, deeply turning the buckwheat straws into soil or paving the buckwheat straws around the thin-shelled walnut trees; 6) broad bean planting: after the buckwheat is harvested, planting broad beans in the last 11 months, and deeply turning the broad beans into soil in the middle 3 months of the next year; 7) planting peanuts in the last 3 months of the next year, and circularly planting according to 4) -6) until the pecan orchard enters a high-yield period. The method effectively solves the problem that the pecan orchard has no economic benefit in the early stage, and forms a sustainable development planting mode.

Description

A sustainable planting method based on pecan

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of economic crop cultivation, and in particular relates to a sustainable development planting method based on pecan.

Background technique

The shell pecan is native to the United States and Mexico. It is one of the most important oil-bearing dried fruit tree species in the world. Its shell is thin and easy to peel, the kernel is thick and delicious, and it has high nutritional value. Hickory was introduced into my country in 1900, and it has a history of nearly 120 years. After several generations of unremitting efforts, especially in the past 20 years, scientific researchers have bred some excellent varieties through introduction and breeding, such as Bonny, Ka More, Shaoxing, Stewart, etc. At the same time, it broke through the technology of grafting container seedlings with rich roots of shell pecan (a method for rapid propagation of seedlings of fine pecan varieties, patent number: ZL201410239981.5), and the achievement of these achievements is the industrialization development of shell pecan laid a solid foundation. Shell pecan has a long childhood, and it takes about 15 years for seedlings to bear fruit. Although after the long-term efforts of scientific researchers, the grafted pecan seedlings can achieve the purpose of bearing fruit 3 years after planting, but the yield is very low, and it will take 6-8 years to enter the high-yield period. Because pecan can not form the yield in the early stage, and can not bring economic benefits in advance, it seriously restricts the enthusiasm of farmers for planting, and restricts the development of pecan industrialization. We know that after the hard period of 6-8 years, the output of the pecan tree has increased year by year. The tree for the descendants of the ancestors who planted the tree and the descendants who took the shade to benefit their descendants. Therefore, the industry prospect of planting pecans is very broad. How to solve the early non-economic benefits and under-forest economy of the hickory orchard, so that the hickory orchard can bring certain economic benefits through the use of the under-forest space in the early stage is one of the topics that scientific researchers have been exploring.

Peanuts belong to the leguminous family and are one of the economic plants with high economic benefits. Peanut planting under the hickory forest can not only bring early economic benefits, but also play a role in fixing nitrogen and improving the soil. Economically ideal cash crops. However, peanuts cannot be continuously planted, that is, they cannot be planted again after one year of planting, otherwise the yield of peanuts will be seriously affected. Therefore, how to solve the problem of continuous cropping of peanuts has become one of the research topics of researchers.

Therefore, this patent introduces two crops of buckwheat and broad bean on the basis of the deficiencies of the prior art, realizes the annual planting as the improvement of the soil environment, and invents a sustainable development planting mode based on pecan.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a sustainable development planting mode based on pecan.

The purpose of the present invention can be realized by following technical scheme:

A sustainable growing method based on pecans, comprising the following steps:

1) Garden selection: flat, mountainous or hilly;

2) Soil improvement: evenly spread 1 to 6 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and plough the ground for 30cm;

3) Hickory cultivation: After Hickory leaves fall leaves in autumn, dig a planting hole with a length, depth and width of 0.8-1.5 m, spread 45-55 cm of organic fertilizer in the planting hole, and then backfill the topsoil into the planting hole The deep soil has been frozen for more than 30 days, and then backfilled into the planting hole, and the backfill soil is parallel to the original ground; the fine pecan varieties are selected for planting, and the number of varieties is not less than 3; the root system with a height of more than 1.5 meters is selected For the grafted seedlings of well-developed varieties, the row spacing of the plants is 4-8m×4-8m, and the planting method is adopted with plum blossom piles. 20-30cmcm, watered after planting; management after planting, the seedlings are fixed at 0.9-1.2m, the tree shape adopts the trunk layered type, and the pruning mainly adopts the method of short cut.

4) Peanut planting: From late March to early April, plant peanuts between the rows of pecans, and harvest peanuts in mid-August. After the peanuts are harvested, turn the peanut stalks into the soil or spread them around the pecan trees. ;

5) Buckwheat planting: After the peanut harvest, plant buckwheat in late August, and harvest buckwheat in mid-November. After the buckwheat is harvested, the buckwheat straws are deeply plowed into the soil or spread around the pecan tree;

6) Broad bean planting: after the buckwheat is harvested, broad bean is planted in late November, and the broad bean is deeply plowed into the soil in mid-March of the following year as green manure to improve the soil environment;

7) Peanuts are planted in late March of the following year, according to 4), 5) and 6).

In step (2), one or more of the decomposed organic fertilizer preferably decomposed pig dung, cow dung or sheep dung, and the amount of the organic fertilizer is 5 tons.

In step (3), the length, depth and width of the planting hole is preferably 1.5m.

The freezing temperature in the step (3) is preferably a low temperature of 10°C or lower.

In step (3), the fine pecan varieties with thin shells are preferably Pawnee, Cardo, Stewart, Mahan, Jinhua, Shaoxing and other fine varieties.

In step (3), the grafted seedlings of good varieties with developed root systems are preferably root-rich container seedlings, and the cultivation method of the root-rich container seedlings is shown in claim 1 or Example 1 of ZL201410239981.5.

In step (3), the plant row spacing is preferably 6m×8m.

In step (3), the direction of the planting row is preferably east-west.

In step (3), the height of the covering soil is preferably 20cm higher than the ground during planting.

The beneficial effects of the present invention relative to the prior art are:

The invention is based on the early stage of pecan husk, and three crops of peanut, buckwheat and broad bean are continuously intercropped under the forest in one year. The benefit per mu is 500 yuan, and the cost of land rent and labor is 2,500 yuan, and the net economic benefit is 2,000 yuan per mu. After planting peanuts in the forest, continue to plant buckwheat and broad beans, which effectively improves the soil environment, solves the problem of continuous peanut cropping within one year, and realizes the purpose of planting peanuts in the pecan forest year after year. Three crops of peanut, buckwheat and broad bean are planted every year under the pecan forest to prevent the growth of weeds and reduce the labor for weeding. Peanuts and broad beans are leguminous plants, which have the effect of nitrogen fixation. At the same time, cutting peanuts, buckwheat stems, and broad beans into the soil can increase soil fertility and improve the soil environment, which can promote the growth of pecan trees. Ecological planting can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which has the effect of double reduction.

Description of drawings

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of pecan under-gross intercropping with peanuts

Detailed ways

Example 1

A sustainable growing model based on pecans:

1) Garden selection: flat ground

2) Soil improvement: Evenly spread about 5 tons of decomposed organic fertilizers per mu of land, including cow dung, sheep dung, etc., and use tractors to plough the ground for 30 cm.

3) Hickory planting: After the hickory leaves fall in autumn, use an excavator to dig a planting hole with a length, depth and width of 1.5 meters, and spread 50cm of decomposed organic fertilizer in the planting hole, including cow dung, pig dung, sheep dung, etc., and then backfill the topsoil into the planting hole. After the deep soil has been frozen for more than 30 days, it is backfilled into the planting hole, and the backfill soil is parallel to the original ground. Select fine pecan varieties for planting, and the number of varieties should not be less than 3. Select the grafted seedlings of good varieties with developed root system with a height of more than 1.5 meters, set the plant row spacing to 6m × 8m, and adopt the plum blossom pile planting method. Put the thin shell hickory seedlings on the planting belt, and use the excavator to cover the soil around the seedlings. The height of the covering soil is 20cm higher than the ground. After planting, water it thoroughly. After planting management, the seedlings are fixed at 1m, the tree shape adopts the trunk layered type, and the pruning mainly adopts the short cut method. For the specific pruning method, refer to a method of quickly cultivating the canopy of pecans (patent number: ZL201510026737. 5). The irrigation method adopts the method of dripper, specifically the method of dripping every 3 days for 3 days, and keeps the soil moist all the time. In July and August, the foliage was sprayed with zinc once every 2 weeks, and manual trapping and insecticidal lamps were organized to trap and kill dry borer pests.

4) Peanut planting: From late March to early April, plant peanuts between the rows of pecans, and harvest peanuts in mid-August. After the peanuts are harvested, turn the peanut stalks into the soil or spread them around the pecan trees. .

5) Buckwheat planting: After the peanut harvest, plant buckwheat in late August, and harvest buckwheat in mid-November. After the buckwheat is harvested, the buckwheat straws are ploughed into the soil or spread around the pecan tree.

6) Broad bean planting: After the buckwheat is harvested, broad beans are planted in late November, and the broad beans are plowed into the soil in mid-March of the following year as green manure to improve the soil environment.

7) Plant peanuts in late March of the following year, and plant them in cycles of 4), 5) and 6). The planting period is 4-6 years, until the pecans enter the fruiting period.

The invention is based on the early stage of pecan husk, and three crops of peanut, buckwheat and broad bean are continuously intercropped under the forest in one year. The benefit per mu is 500 yuan, and the cost of land rent and labor is 2,500 yuan, and the net economic benefit is 2,000 yuan per mu. After planting peanuts in the forest, continue to plant buckwheat and broad beans, which effectively improves the soil environment, solves the problem of continuous peanut cropping within one year, and realizes the purpose of planting peanuts in the pecan forest year after year. Three crops of peanut, buckwheat and broad bean are planted under the hickory forest every year. There is almost no idle time in the understory within a year, which prevents the growth of weeds, reduces the labor for weeding, and increases the land output. Peanuts and broad beans are leguminous plants, which have the effect of nitrogen fixation. At the same time, cutting peanuts, buckwheat stems, and broad beans into the soil can increase soil fertility and improve the soil environment, which can promote the growth of pecan trees. Ecological planting can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which has the effect of double reduction.

Embodiment 2 The planting mode of pecan intercropping peanut under forest

1) Garden selection: flat ground;

2) Soil improvement: Evenly spread about 5 tons of decomposed organic fertilizers per mu of land, including cow dung, sheep dung, etc., and use tractors to plough the ground for 30 cm.

3) Hickory planting: After the hickory leaves fall in autumn, use an excavator to dig a planting hole with a length, depth and width of 1.5 meters, and spread 50cm of decomposed organic fertilizer in the planting hole, including cow dung, pig dung, sheep dung, etc., and then backfill the topsoil into the planting hole. After the deep soil has been frozen for more than 30 days, it is backfilled into the planting hole, and the backfill soil is parallel to the original ground. Select fine pecan varieties for planting, and the number of varieties should not be less than 3. Select the grafted seedlings of good varieties with developed root system with a height of more than 1.5 meters, set the plant row spacing to 6m × 8m, and adopt the plum blossom pile planting method. Put the thin shell hickory seedlings on the planting belt, and use the excavator to cover the soil around the seedlings. The height of the covering soil is 20cm higher than the ground. After planting, water it thoroughly. After planting management, the seedlings are fixed at 1m, the tree shape adopts the trunk layered type, and the pruning mainly adopts the short cut method. For the specific pruning method, refer to a method of quickly cultivating the canopy of pecans (patent number: ZL201510026737. 5). The irrigation method adopts the method of dripper, specifically the method of dripping every 3 days for 3 days, and keeps the soil moist all the time. In July and August, the foliage was sprayed with zinc once every 2 weeks, and manual trapping and insecticidal lamps were organized to trap and kill dry borer pests.

4) Peanut planting: From mid-April to early May, plant peanuts between the rows of pecans, and harvest peanuts in mid-September. After the peanuts are harvested, the peanut stalks are ploughed into the soil or spread around the pecan trees. .

Claims (10)

1. a sustainable development planting method based on pecan, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: 1) Garden selection: flat, mountainous or hilly; 2) Soil improvement: evenly spread 1 to 6 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and plough the ground for 30cm; 3) Hickory cultivation: After Hickory leaves fall leaves in autumn, dig a planting hole with a length, depth and width of 0.8-1.5 m, spread 45-55 cm of organic fertilizer in the planting hole, and then backfill the topsoil into the planting hole The deep soil has been frozen for more than 30 days, and then backfilled into the planting hole, and the backfill soil is parallel to the original ground; the fine pecan varieties are selected for planting, and the number of varieties is not less than 3; the root system with a height of more than 1.5 meters is selected For the grafted seedlings of well-developed varieties, the row spacing of the plants is 4-8m×4-8m, and the planting method is adopted with plum blossom piles. 20-30cmcm, watered after planting; management after planting, the seedlings are fixed at 0.9-1.2m, the tree shape adopts the trunk layered type, and the pruning mainly adopts the method of short cut. 4) Peanut planting: From late March to early April, plant peanuts between the rows of pecans, and harvest peanuts in mid-August. After the peanuts are harvested, turn the peanut stalks into the soil or spread them around the pecan trees. ; 5) Buckwheat planting: After the peanut harvest, plant buckwheat in late August, and harvest buckwheat in mid-November. After the buckwheat is harvested, the buckwheat straws are deeply plowed into the soil or spread around the pecan tree; 6) Broad bean planting: after the buckwheat is harvested, broad bean is planted in late November, and the broad bean is deeply plowed into the soil in mid-March of the following year as green manure to improve the soil environment; 7) Peanuts are planted in late March of the following year, according to 4), 5) and 6). 2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the decomposed organic fertilizer described in step (2) is one or more in decomposed pig dung, cow dung or sheep dung, and the amount of organic fertilizer is 5 tons. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the length, depth and width of the planting hole described in step (3) are 1.5m. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the freezing temperature described in step (3) refers to a low temperature below 10°C. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fine pecan varieties described in the step (3) are selected from the group consisting of Pawnee, Cardo, Stewart, Mahan, Jinhua, and Shaoxing. 6 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the grafted seedlings of superior varieties with well-developed root systems described in step (3) refer to root-rich container seedlings. 7 . 7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the row spacing of the fixed plants described in step (3) is 6m×8m. 8 . 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the direction of the planting row described in step (3) is east-west. 9 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the height of the covering soil during the field planting described in the step (3) is 20cm higher than the ground. 10 . 10. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (3), the irrigation mode of pecan pecans adopts the method of drip irrigation, is specially the method of dripping 3 days every 3 days, keeps soil moist all the time; And in August, foliar spraying of zinc was carried out every 2 weeks, and manual trapping and insecticidal lamps were organized to trap and kill dry borer pests.

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