CN110637663A - Sustainable development planting method based on apocarya - Google Patents
Sustainable development planting method based on apocarya Download PDFInfo
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- CN110637663A CN110637663A CN201910846253.3A CN201910846253A CN110637663A CN 110637663 A CN110637663 A CN 110637663A CN 201910846253 A CN201910846253 A CN 201910846253A CN 110637663 A CN110637663 A CN 110637663A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sustainable development planting method based on apocarya, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a garden; 2) soil improvement; 3) planting apocarya; 4) planting peanuts: planting peanuts in the middle of the apocarya between rows from 3 th to 4 th, harvesting the peanuts in the middle of 8 th, and deeply turning the peanut straws into soil or paving the peanut straws around the apocarya after harvesting; 5) planting buckwheat: after the peanuts are harvested, planting buckwheat in the last 8 th month, harvesting buckwheat in the middle 11 th month, and after the buckwheat is harvested, deeply turning the buckwheat straws into soil or paving the buckwheat straws around the thin-shelled walnut trees; 6) broad bean planting: after the buckwheat is harvested, planting broad beans in the last 11 months, and deeply turning the broad beans into soil in the middle 3 months of the next year; 7) planting peanuts in the last 3 months of the next year, and circularly planting according to 4) -6) until the pecan orchard enters a high-yield period. The method effectively solves the problem that the pecan orchard has no economic benefit in the early stage, and forms a sustainable development planting mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of economic crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a sustainable development planting method based on carya illinoensis.
Background
The apocarya is originally produced in America and Mexico, is one of important oil-bearing dry fruit tree species in the world, has thin and easily stripped shells, fleshy kernels and meat, fragrant and delicious taste and higher nutritional value. The carya illinoensis is introduced into China in 1900 years, has the history of nearly 120 years so far, and is subjected to continuous efforts of generations of people, particularly over nearly 20 years, so that researchers breed some excellent varieties such as Boney, Kyoto, Shaoxing, Stewart and the like through introduction. Meanwhile, the method breaks through the root-rich grafting container seedling technology of the carya illinoensis (a method for quickly propagating excellent variety seedlings of the carya illinoensis, patent number: ZL201410239981.5), and the achievement of the scores lays a solid foundation for the industrialized development of the carya illinoensis. The carya illinoensis has long childhood period, and the seedlings can bear fruits in about 15 years. Although long-term efforts of researchers are made, the grafted seedlings of apocarya can achieve the purpose of fruiting in 3 years after field planting, the yield is low, and 6-8 years are needed for the grafted seedlings to enter the high-yield period. Because the apocarya cannot form yield in the early stage and cannot bring economic benefits in advance, the enthusiasm of farmers for planting is severely restricted, and the industrialized development of the apocarya is restricted. As we know, the apocarya spends 6-8 years of arduous period, the yield increases year by year, after 10 years, the yield per mu is 300 jin, the economic benefit per mu reaches 1.5 ten thousand yuan, and the income can reach hundreds of years, and the apocarya is an offspring tree which is enjoyed the cool and benefits offspring after the former tree planting. Therefore, the planting of the carya illinoensis has very wide industrial prospect. How to solve the problem that the apocarya orchard has no economic benefit in the early stage and is economic under the forest, and the apocarya orchard brings certain economic benefit by utilizing the space under the forest in the early stage is one of the problems which are always explored by researchers.
The peanuts belong to leguminous plants and are one of economic plants with higher economic benefits, and the peanuts are planted under the carya illinoensis forest, so that the early economic benefit can be brought, the nitrogen fixation and soil improvement effects can be achieved, and the carya illinoensis forest is an ideal economic crop under the carya illinoensis forest. However, peanuts cannot be continuously planted, namely, the peanuts cannot be planted after one year, otherwise, the peanut yield is seriously influenced. Therefore, how to solve the problem of continuous cropping of peanuts becomes one of the research subjects of researchers.
Therefore, on the basis of the defects of the prior art, two crops of buckwheat and broad beans are introduced, annual planting is realized to improve the soil environment, and a sustainable development planting mode based on apocarya is invented.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a sustainable development planting mode based on apocarya.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a sustainable development planting method based on apocarya comprises the following steps:
1) garden selection: flat, mountain or hilly ground;
2) soil improvement: uniformly spreading 1-6 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu of land, and deeply ploughing the land by 30 cm;
3) planting apocarya: digging planting holes with the length, depth and width of 0.8-1.5m meters respectively after leaves fall in autumn of the carya illinoensis, paving organic fertilizer with the length of 45-55 cm in the planting holes, backfilling surface soil into the planting holes, freezing deep soil for more than 30 days, backfilling the deep soil into the planting holes, and enabling the backfilled soil to be parallel to the original ground; selecting excellent variety of apocarya for planting, wherein the number of the variety is not less than 3; selecting excellent variety grafted seedling with developed root system and height of more than 1.5m, wherein the row spacing of the planted seedling is 4-8m multiplied by 4-8m, and a quincuncial pile planting mode is adopted; placing carya illinoensis seedlings on a planting belt, covering soil around the seedlings, covering the soil with a height 20-30cm higher than the ground, and watering thoroughly after planting; and (3) managing after planting, namely performing stem fixing on the nursery stock at a position of 0.9-1.2 m, wherein the tree form adopts a trunk layering type, and the pruning mainly adopts a short cutting mode.
4) Planting peanuts: planting peanuts in the middle of the apocarya between rows from 3 th to 4 th, harvesting the peanuts in the middle of 8 th, and deeply turning the peanut straws into soil or paving the peanut straws around the apocarya after harvesting;
5) planting buckwheat: after the peanuts are harvested, planting buckwheat in the last 8 th month, harvesting buckwheat in the middle 11 th month, and after the buckwheat is harvested, deeply turning the buckwheat straws into soil or paving the buckwheat straws around the thin-shelled walnut trees;
6) broad bean planting: after buckwheat is harvested, broad beans are planted in the 11 th late ten days, and the broad beans are deeply turned into soil in the 3 rd middle ten days of the next year to serve as green manure to improve the soil environment;
7) planting peanuts in the last 3 th ten days of the next year according to the steps of 4), 5) and 6), and circularly planting until the planting period reaches 6-8 years until the thin-shelled walnut orchard enters a high-yield period.
And (3) selecting one or more of decomposed pig manure, cow manure or sheep manure as the decomposed organic fertilizer in the step (2), wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 5 tons.
The length, depth and width of the planting holes in the step (3) are preferably 1.5 m.
The temperature for freezing in step (3) is preferably a low temperature of 10 ℃ or lower.
The fine variety of the carya illinoensis in the step (3) is preferably selected from Boney, Carduo, Stewart, Marhan, Jinhua, Shaoxing and other fine varieties.
The good variety grafted seedling with developed root system in the step (3) is preferably a root-rich container seedling, and the cultivation method of the root-rich container seedling is disclosed in claim 1 or example 1 of ZL 201410239981.5.
The row spacing of the planted plants in the step (3) is preferably 6m multiplied by 8 m.
The direction of the planting rows in the step (3) is preferably east-west direction.
The height of the covering soil is preferably 20cm higher than the ground during planting in the step (3).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, on the basis of the early stage of the carya illinoensis, 3 crops of peanuts, buckwheat and broad beans are continuously intercropped under the forest in one year period, 1000 kilograms of fresh peanuts are produced per mu, the benefit per mu is 4000 yuan, 100 kilograms of buckwheat is produced per mu, 500 yuan is produced per mu, the cost of renting labor and the like is reduced by 2500 yuan, the economic benefit per mu is 2000 yuan, the problem that no economic benefit exists in the early stage of the carya illinoensis orchard is effectively solved, and the income of farmers is increased. After the seeds are planted in the forest and the flowers are bloomed, buckwheat and broad beans are continuously planted, the soil environment is effectively improved, the problem of continuous cropping of peanuts is solved within one year, and the purpose of planting the peanuts in the carya illinoensis forest in successive years is achieved. 3 crops of peanuts, buckwheat and broad beans are planted in the carya illinoensis forest all the year round, so that the growth of weeds is prevented, and the labor for weeding is reduced. The peanuts and the broad beans are leguminous plants, have the nitrogen fixation effect, meanwhile, the peanuts and the buckwheat are cut into the stems, the broad beans are deeply ploughed into the soil, the soil fertility is increased, the soil environment is improved, the growth of the carya illinoensis tree bodies can be promoted, meanwhile, due to ecological planting, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can be reduced, and the effect of reducing the nitrogen content is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of intercropping peanuts under a carya illinoensis forest
Detailed Description
Example 1
A sustainable development planting mode based on apocarya comprises the following steps:
1) garden selection: flat ground
2) Soil improvement: about 5 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer including cow dung, sheep dung and the like are uniformly applied to each mu of land, and the land is ploughed deeply by 30cm by using a tractor.
3) Planting apocarya: after the leaves of the carya illinoensis fall in autumn, fixed planting holes with the length, depth and width of 1.5 meters are dug by an excavator, 50cm of decomposed organic fertilizer including cow dung, pig dung, sheep dung and the like is paved in the fixed planting holes, then surface soil is backfilled into the fixed planting holes, and the deep soil is backfilled into the fixed planting holes after being frozen for more than 30 days, wherein the backfilled soil is parallel to the original ground. And (3) selecting excellent varieties of the carya illinoensis for planting, wherein the number of the varieties is not less than 3. Selecting excellent variety grafted seedling with developed root system over 1.5m height, planting at row spacing of 6m × 8m, and planting in quincuncial piles. Placing the carya illinoensis nursery stocks on a planting belt, covering soil around the seedlings by using a digging machine, covering the soil with a height 20cm higher than the ground, and watering thoroughly after planting. And (3) managing after field planting, namely fixing the trunk of the nursery stock at a position of 1m, wherein the tree form adopts a trunk layering type, the pruning mainly adopts a short-cut mode, and the specific pruning method refers to a method for quickly culturing the carya illinoensis crown (patent number: ZL 201510026737.5). The irrigation mode adopts a dropper method, in particular a method of dropping for 3 days every 3 days, and the soil is always kept moist. And in 7 months and 8 months, 1-time leaf surface zinc spraying is carried out every 2 weeks, and the tissue artificially catches and kills the stem borers by the insecticidal lamp.
4) Planting peanuts: in the last 3 th to the last 4 th of the month, peanuts are planted in the row spaces of the apocarya, in the middle 8 th of the month, the peanuts are harvested, and after the peanuts are harvested, the peanut straws are deeply turned into soil or laid around the apocarya.
5) Planting buckwheat: after the peanuts are harvested, the buckwheat is planted in the last 8 th month, the buckwheat is harvested in the middle 11 th month, and after the buckwheat is harvested, the buckwheat straws are deeply turned into the soil or are laid around the thin-shelled walnut trees.
6) Broad bean planting: after buckwheat is harvested, broad beans are planted in 11 late months, and the broad beans are deeply ploughed into soil in 3 middle months of the next year to serve as green manure to improve the soil environment.
7) Planting peanuts in the last 3 th ten days of the next year according to the following steps of 4), 5) and 6), and circularly planting the peanuts until the thin-shelled pecans enter the fruiting period, wherein the planting period is 4-6 years.
According to the method, on the basis of the early stage of the carya illinoensis, 3 crops of peanuts, buckwheat and broad beans are continuously intercropped under the forest in one year period, 1000 kilograms of fresh peanuts are produced per mu, the benefit per mu is 4000 yuan, 100 kilograms of buckwheat is produced per mu, 500 yuan is produced per mu, the cost of renting labor and the like is reduced by 2500 yuan, the economic benefit per mu is 2000 yuan, the problem that no economic benefit exists in the early stage of the carya illinoensis orchard is effectively solved, and the income of farmers is increased. After the seeds are planted in the forest and the flowers are bloomed, buckwheat and broad beans are continuously planted, the soil environment is effectively improved, the problem of continuous cropping of peanuts is solved within one year, and the purpose of planting the peanuts in the carya illinoensis forest in successive years is achieved. 3 crops of peanuts, buckwheat and broad beans are planted in the carya illinoensis forest all the year round, and the vacant land under the forest has almost no idle time within one year, so that the growth of weeds is prevented, the labor for weeding is reduced, and the land output is also improved. The peanuts and the broad beans are leguminous plants, have the nitrogen fixation effect, meanwhile, the peanuts and the buckwheat are cut into the stems, the broad beans are deeply ploughed into the soil, the soil fertility is increased, the soil environment is improved, the growth of the carya illinoensis tree bodies can be promoted, meanwhile, due to ecological planting, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can be reduced, and the effect of reducing the nitrogen content is achieved.
Example 2 planting method of interplanting peanuts in thin-shelled hickory under forest
1) Garden selection: leveling land;
2) soil improvement: about 5 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer including cow dung, sheep dung and the like are uniformly applied to each mu of land, and the land is ploughed deeply by 30cm by using a tractor.
3) Planting apocarya: after the leaves of the carya illinoensis fall in autumn, fixed planting holes with the length, depth and width of 1.5 meters are dug by an excavator, 50cm of decomposed organic fertilizer including cow dung, pig dung, sheep dung and the like is paved in the fixed planting holes, then surface soil is backfilled into the fixed planting holes, and the deep soil is backfilled into the fixed planting holes after being frozen for more than 30 days, wherein the backfilled soil is parallel to the original ground. And (3) selecting excellent varieties of the carya illinoensis for planting, wherein the number of the varieties is not less than 3. Selecting excellent variety grafted seedling with developed root system over 1.5m height, planting at row spacing of 6m × 8m, and planting in quincuncial piles. Placing the carya illinoensis nursery stocks on a planting belt, covering soil around the seedlings by using a digging machine, covering the soil with a height 20cm higher than the ground, and watering thoroughly after planting. And (3) managing after field planting, namely fixing the trunk of the nursery stock at a position of 1m, wherein the tree form adopts a trunk layering type, the pruning mainly adopts a short-cut mode, and the specific pruning method refers to a method for quickly culturing the carya illinoensis crown (patent number: ZL 201510026737.5). The irrigation mode adopts a dropper method, in particular a method of dropping for 3 days every 3 days, and the soil is always kept moist. And in 7 months and 8 months, 1-time leaf surface zinc spraying is carried out every 2 weeks, and the tissue artificially catches and kills the stem borers by the insecticidal lamp.
4) Planting peanuts: in the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, peanuts are planted in the row spaces of the apocarya, in the middle ten days of 9 months, the peanuts are harvested, and after the peanuts are harvested, the peanut straws are deeply turned into soil or are laid around the apocarya.
Claims (10)
1. A sustainable development planting method based on apocarya is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) garden selection: flat, mountain or hilly ground;
2) soil improvement: uniformly spreading 1-6 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu of land, and deeply ploughing the land by 30 cm;
3) planting apocarya: digging planting holes with the length, depth and width of 0.8-1.5m meters respectively after leaves fall in autumn of the carya illinoensis, paving organic fertilizer with the length of 45-55 cm in the planting holes, backfilling surface soil into the planting holes, freezing deep soil for more than 30 days, backfilling the deep soil into the planting holes, and enabling the backfilled soil to be parallel to the original ground; selecting excellent variety of apocarya for planting, wherein the number of the variety is not less than 3; selecting excellent variety grafted seedling with developed root system and height of more than 1.5m, wherein the row spacing of the planted seedling is 4-8m multiplied by 4-8m, and a quincuncial pile planting mode is adopted; placing carya illinoensis seedlings on a planting belt, covering soil around the seedlings, covering the soil with a height 20-30cm higher than the ground, and watering thoroughly after planting; and (3) managing after planting, namely performing stem fixing on the nursery stock at a position of 0.9-1.2 m, wherein the tree form adopts a trunk layering type, and the pruning mainly adopts a short cutting mode.
4) Planting peanuts: planting peanuts in the middle of the apocarya between rows from 3 th to 4 th, harvesting the peanuts in the middle of 8 th, and deeply turning the peanut straws into soil or paving the peanut straws around the apocarya after harvesting;
5) planting buckwheat: after the peanuts are harvested, planting buckwheat in the last 8 th month, harvesting buckwheat in the middle 11 th month, and after the buckwheat is harvested, deeply turning the buckwheat straws into soil or paving the buckwheat straws around the thin-shelled walnut trees;
6) broad bean planting: after buckwheat is harvested, broad beans are planted in the 11 th late ten days, and the broad beans are deeply turned into soil in the 3 rd middle ten days of the next year to serve as green manure to improve the soil environment;
7) planting peanuts in the last 3 th ten days of the next year according to the steps of 4), 5) and 6), and circularly planting until the planting period reaches 6-8 years until the thin-shelled walnut orchard enters a high-yield period.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decomposed organic fertilizer in step (2) is one or more of decomposed pig manure, cow manure or sheep manure, and the amount of the organic fertilizer is 5 tons.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the length, depth and width of the planting holes in step (3) are 1.5 m.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the freezing temperature in the step (3) is a low temperature of 10 ℃ or lower.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fine variety of carya illinoensis in step (3) is selected from the group consisting of boni, carob, stuart, marhan, jinhua, and shaoxing.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the good variety grafted seedling with a developed root system in the step (3) is a root-rich container seedling.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the plants in step (3) is 6m x 8 m.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the direction of the permanent planting rows in step (3) is east-west.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the soil cover height at the time of planting in step (3) is 20cm above the ground.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation mode of the carya illinoensis in the step (3) adopts a drip irrigation method, in particular a drip irrigation method for 3 days every 3 days, and the soil is always kept moist; and in 7 months and 8 months, 1-time leaf surface zinc spraying is carried out every 2 weeks, and the tissue artificially catches and kills the stem borers by the insecticidal lamp.
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| CN114128554A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-04 | 全椒县绿兴园生态农业发展有限公司 | Rapid high-yield technology of apocarya |
| CN114303775A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 常州市金土地农牧科技服务有限公司 | Planting method for interplanting oil purple perilla in carya illinoensis sapling forest |
| CN115462274A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-12-13 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Method for compound planting of apocarya young forest and mint |
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| CN115462274A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-12-13 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Method for compound planting of apocarya young forest and mint |
| CN115462274B (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-07-28 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Method for compositely planting apocarya young forest and mint |
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