CN111264280A - Planting method of Xinhui oranges - Google Patents
Planting method of Xinhui oranges Download PDFInfo
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- CN111264280A CN111264280A CN202010228683.1A CN202010228683A CN111264280A CN 111264280 A CN111264280 A CN 111264280A CN 202010228683 A CN202010228683 A CN 202010228683A CN 111264280 A CN111264280 A CN 111264280A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of planting, and discloses a planting method of Xinhui oranges, which comprises the following steps: spring tip stage: turning soil from inside to outside and cutting off roots, and then applying rhamnolipid; treating leaves and roots by using a Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent and an abundant essence plant ecological maintenance agent; and (3) flowering period: spraying leaves and roots by using a Jiean plant ecological curing agent and an essence-rich plant ecological curing agent, and spraying camellia oleifera oil-based sucrose ester; during the fruiting period: spraying clean plant ecological curing agent; applying camellia oleifera oil-based sucrose ester around the root of the tree; and (3) mature period: spraying the Jiean plant ecological curing agent and the rich essence plant ecological curing agent, and broadcasting the camellia oil-based sucrose ester; and (3) overwintering period: turning soil from inside to outside and cutting root, and applying rhamnolipid. The planting method can produce the Xinhui citrus reticulata fruits with high yield and good quality, has controllable cost and is suitable for large-scale planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of Xinhui oranges.
Background
The Xinhui citrus, also called Xinhui Guanchen citrus or Tangerine Peel, has dual purposes of skin and meat and homology of medicine and food, and is an excellent variety screened from the citrus reticulata in Citrus of Rutaceae in the long planting history of Guanhui citrus farmers.
The Xinhui oranges are always well liked by people, and particularly in recent years, along with the improvement of living standard and the enhancement of health care consciousness, the market demand of the Xinhui oranges, particularly high-quality Xinhui oranges, is increased year by year. However, the quality of the Xinhui oranges in the market is different, which is not closely classified with the planting technology. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of the Xinhui oranges, increase income of fruit growers and improve market competitiveness, it is necessary to improve the planting technology of the Xinhui oranges so as to produce the Xinhui oranges with high yield and excellent quality to meet the actual demand.
Under the existing planting method, in order to ensure the yield, part of farmers are often used to control plant diseases and insect pests by using pesticides and other pesticides, and the pesticides are particularly used in the fruit bearing stage. The repeated use of pesticides and fertilizers can cause irreversible damage to soil (such as heavy metal enrichment) and inevitably affect the quality of the citrus fruits. Although some farmers prefer to adopt organic planting methods to obtain good fruits, the conventional organic planting methods have high labor cost and are tedious, are not beneficial to large-scale planting and face the problem of yield reduction.
Therefore, a Xinhui citrus planting method which is good in quality, high in yield, controllable in cost and suitable for large-scale planting is hopeful.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the method for planting the Xinhui oranges can produce the Xinhui oranges with high yield and good quality, is controllable in cost and is suitable for large-scale planting.
A planting method of Xinhui oranges comprises the following steps:
(1) spring tip stage: turning soil from 30cm from the head of the tree to the interior of the dripping line from inside to outside, cutting off the root, wherein the soil turning depth is 5-10cm, and applying 0.5-2kg of rhamnolipid per plant; using the clean and safe plant ecological maintenance agent with the dilution multiple of 300 times and 600 times, and treating the leaves and the roots every 6-8 days; the plant ecological maintenance agent rich in the essence is used, the dilution times are 500-700 times, and the spraying is carried out on the leaves and the roots once every 6-8 days;
(2) and (3) flowering period: diluting by 600 times and 700 times by using the Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent, and spraying once every 3 days until no insects exist; the plant ecological maintenance agent rich in the essence is used, the dilution times are 500-700 times, and the spraying is carried out on the leaves and the roots once every 6-8 days; and the camellia oleoyl sucrose ester is diluted by water by 150-fold and is broadcast by 200 times every 5 days;
(3) during the fruiting period: diluting by 600 times and 700 times by using the Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent, and spraying once every 3 days until no insects exist; applying 0.8-1 kg/plant camellia oleoyl sucrose ester around the root;
(4) and (3) mature period: diluting by 600 times and 700 times by using the Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent, and spraying once every 3 days until no insects exist; the plant ecological maintenance agent rich in the essence is used, the dilution times are 500-700 times, and the spraying is carried out on the leaves and the roots once every 6-8 days; and the camellia oleoyl sucrose ester is diluted by water by 150-fold and is broadcast by 200 times every 5 days;
(5) and (3) overwintering period: turning soil from 30cm from the head of the tree to the interior of the drip line from inside to outside, cutting off the root, wherein the soil turning depth is 5-10cm, and applying 0.5-2kg of rhamnolipid per plant.
Wherein the spring shoot period is from the blooming period of the first spring to the blooming period of the fruit trees (2-3 months); and (3) flowering period: the fruit trees bloom to the fruiting period (3-4 months); during the fruiting period: fruit trees bear fruits until the fruit trees are mature (4-8 months); and (3) mature period: the fruit is ripe and picked in the time of coming to market (8-12 months); and (3) overwintering period: the period of spring (12-2 months in the next year) after the fruit is picked.
Wherein the drip line is the position on the ground where the outermost edges of the branches and leaves of the tree are vertically downward.
Preferably, the rhamnolipid is selected from at least one of camellia oil rhamnolipid or modified rhamnolipid.
The camellia oil rhamnolipid and the modified rhamnolipid are biosurfactants and mainly play roles in promoting roots and rooting in the application of the invention; the Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent has the functions of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and cleaning the insect eggs and the breeding source; the plant ecological maintenance agent rich in essence has the function of promoting the nutrient absorption of the leaf surfaces; the camellia oleifera sucrose ester can supplement nutrition and maintain fruit trees.
The camellia oil rhamnolipid, the modified rhamnolipid, the camellia oil-based sucrose ester, the Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent and the rich essence plant ecological maintenance agent are purchased from Jiangmen Green and strong biotechnology limited company. The product is composed of plant extract, biological metabolite and natural mineral, and has no pollution and toxicity to soil and fruit.
Preferably, 2-4kg of rhamnolipid, 1-2kg of camellia oleosucrose ester, 1-1.5kg of Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent and 1-1.5kg of rich-essence plant ecological maintenance agent are applied to each new citrus reticulata annually. By continuously adjusting the dosage of the soil ecological restoration agent (rhamnolipid and camellia oleifera sucrose ester) and the plant ecological maintenance agent, the effect of good planting can be achieved by adopting the small application amount.
Preferably, the Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent in the spring tip stage is used alternately in the form of water aqua and powder.
Preferably, the growing method further comprises growing legumes as the intercrop. The leguminous plants can inhibit the growth of other weeds in the orchard, maintain the soil fertility and prevent and control pests.
Preferably, the planting method further comprises the following steps of managing the branches of the fruit trees: the height of the main trunk is fixed to be 20-40cm, the number of main branches is 3-4, the angles of the main branches are 30-50 degrees, and 3-4 auxiliary main branches are arranged on each main branch. By adjusting the number of the branches, the photosynthetic efficiency can be effectively utilized, the growth and development of fruit trees are promoted, and the yield of the Xinhui oranges is increased.
Preferably, the planting method further comprises garden selection: the height difference between the ridge surface and the ditch horizontal plane is 75-90cm, the ridge width is 7-7.5m, and planting is carried out by adopting a mode of one ditch with two ridges and one ridge with two lines.
Preferably, the planting method further comprises the following planting density: 1100-1150 plants are planted per hectare, the plant spacing is 2.5-3.0m, and the row spacing is 3.5-4.0 m. Reasonable dense planting is adopted to improve the yield of the Xinhui oranges.
The planting method of the Xinhui oranges is also suitable for other regions and other orange varieties.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the planting method of the Xinhui oranges, chemically synthesized fertilizers and pesticides are not used, safe fruits (free of pesticide residues) can be obtained, and harm to soil is reduced;
(2) the Xinhui oranges obtained by the planting method of the Xinhui oranges have good quality and high yield (the average yield per mu is over 3500 kg);
(3) compared with the traditional organic planting method, the Xinhui citrus planting method disclosed by the invention is lower in cost (can reduce the cost by 12%), and is suitable for large-scale planting.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples are given for illustration. It should be noted that the following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention.
The starting materials, reagents or apparatuses used in the following examples are conventionally commercially available or can be obtained by conventionally known methods, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A planting method of Xinhui oranges comprises the following steps:
(1) spring tip stage: turning soil from 30cm from the head of the tree to the interior of the dripping line from inside to outside, cutting off the root, wherein the soil turning depth is 5cm, and then applying 0.8kg of camellia oil rhamnolipid and modified rhamnolipid to each plant; the ecological maintenance agent for the Jiean plant, which is water aqua and powder, is used for alternate treatment by the dilution multiple of 400 times, and the leaves and the roots are treated every 7 days; using plant ecological maintenance agent with rich essence, diluting by 500 times, and spraying the leaves and roots once every 8 days;
(2) and (3) flowering period: diluting by 600 times with Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent, and spraying once every 3 days until no insects exist; using plant ecological maintenance agent with rich essence, diluting by 500 times, and spraying the leaves and roots once every 8 days; diluting camellia oleifera sucrose ester with water by 200 times every 5 days for broadcasting;
(3) during the fruiting period: diluting by 600 times with Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent, and spraying once every 3 days until no insects exist; 0.8kg of camellia oleifera sucrose ester per plant is applied around the root of the tree;
(4) and (3) mature period: diluting by 600 times with Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent, and spraying once every 3 days until no insects exist; using plant ecological maintenance agent with rich essence, diluting by 500 times, and spraying the leaves and roots once every 8 days; diluting camellia oleifera sucrose ester with water 180 times every 5 days, and spreading;
(5) and (3) overwintering period: turning soil from 30cm from the head of the tree to the interior of the dripping line from inside to outside, cutting off the root, wherein the soil turning depth is 5cm, and applying 1kg of camellia oil rhamnolipid and modified rhamnolipid to each plant.
Wherein 3.6kg of rhamnolipid, 1.2kg of camellia oleoyl sucrose ester, 1.2kg of Jiean plant ecological curing agent and 1.5kg of rich-essence plant ecological curing agent are applied to each fruit tree every year. The camellia oil rhamnolipid, the modified rhamnolipid, the camellia oil-based sucrose ester, the Jiean plant ecological curing agent and the rich-essence plant ecological curing agent are all purchased from Jiangmen Green-Zhuang biotechnology Limited.
Leguminous plants soybeans and peanuts are also planted in this example as intercrops. The leguminous plants can inhibit the growth of other weeds in the orchard, maintain the soil fertility and prevent and control pests.
Example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, the planting method in the embodiment 2 is characterized in that on the basis of the planting method in the embodiment 1, the height of a main trunk is controlled to be 20-40cm, the number of main branches is controlled to be 3-4, the angles of the main branches are controlled to be 30-50 degrees, and 3-4 auxiliary main branches are arranged on each main branch.
Example 3
Compared with the embodiment 1, the planting method in the embodiment 3 is based on the planting method in the embodiment 1, the height difference between the ridge surface and the ditch horizontal plane is set to be 75-90cm, the ridge width is 7-7.5m, and planting is carried out in a mode of one ditch with two ridges and one ridge with two rows.
Example 4
Compared with the planting method in the embodiment 1, the planting method in the embodiment 4 is based on the planting method in the embodiment 1, and the number of plants planted per hectare is 1100-1150 plants are also set, the plant spacing is 2.5m, and the row spacing is 4.0 m.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the example 1, the comparative example 1 adopts the traditional Xinhui citrus planting method, namely the Xinhui citrus is planted by using chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and other planting methods and planting conditions are basically the same.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the example 1, the comparative example 2 uses farmyard manure to plant the Xinhui mandarin oranges without using chemical fertilizers, controls insects and weeds by breeding chickens, ducks and geese, does not use pesticides under normal conditions, and has basically the same other planting methods and planting conditions.
Test of planting Effect
Planting Xinhui oranges by adopting the planting methods of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 respectively, wherein each planting method is used for testing 5 mu of seeds and the total amount is 30 mu of seeds. The planting management method is partially the same, such as:
garden selection: the average annual temperature is 21-23.3 ℃, the effective annual accumulated temperature is more than 10 ℃ is 7500-8300 ℃, the annual average sunshine hours is 1500-2000h, the annual average rainfall is 1100-2400mm, and the annual average relative humidity is 74-83%. The method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting retention type rice soil or red-red soil with good soil quality and deep soil layer for planting, wherein the content of organic matters in the soil is more than 2.0g/kg, and the pH value of the soil is between 5.0 and 7.0; the heavy metal content of the soil before planting is 20-30 mg/kg.
Grafting selection: the stock is selected as Jiangxi red orange, and the scion is selected as a plant line with strong disease resistance and stress resistance in a broad-variety oil body variety line of the superior tea branch citrus.
Cultivating: after the autumn shoots are aged in summer and before the sprouts sprout or after the fruits are picked, intertillage is carried out for 1-2 times every year, soil is kept loose, and a proper amount of grass is kept. The depth of cultivation is 8-15 cm.
The mandarin orange was picked in 12 months when the fruit was fully colored and ripe. In order to improve the quality, the irrigation is stopped before picking, the water content of the soil is reduced as much as possible, and the picking is preferably carried out after the fog water is dry in sunny days.
The picked citrus fruits and soil were tested and counted, and the values are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As shown in Table 1, the organic planting methods of examples 1 to 4 can reduce damage to the soil (the heavy metal content in the soil does not increase after planting) and produce high-quality citrus fruits (no pesticide residue, high hesperidin content) compared to comparative example 1; the acre yield and the weight of a single fruit of the mandarin orange are reduced, but the yield is higher. The comparative example 2 adopts the traditional organic planting method to carry out fine planting management on fruit trees, and although the harvested fruits have good quality, the planting process is complicated and laborious, and a large amount of labor cost is required. Through statistics, compared with the comparative example 2, the organic planting methods used in the examples 1 to 4 have the advantages that the labor and material costs are reduced by nearly 12%, higher yield is obtained, and the advantages of the organic planting method used in the invention are fully reflected. Meanwhile, the large amount of chemical pesticides and fertilizers used in comparative example 1 can seriously damage the soil quality (cause the heavy metal content in the soil to increase); in comparative example 2, farmyard manure was used, but the farmyard manure, especially the poultry manure therein, increased the heavy metal content in the soil to some extent, while the planting method used in examples 1 to 4 avoided damage to the soil (no significant change in the heavy metal content in the soil).
Claims (8)
1. A planting method of Xinhui oranges is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) spring tip stage: turning soil from 30cm from the head of the tree to the interior of the dripping line from inside to outside, cutting off the root, wherein the soil turning depth is 5-10cm, and applying 0.5-2kg of rhamnolipid per plant; using the clean and safe plant ecological maintenance agent with the dilution multiple of 300 times and 600 times, and treating the leaves and the roots every 6-8 days; the plant ecological maintenance agent rich in the essence is used, the dilution times are 500-700 times, and the spraying is carried out on the leaves and the roots once every 6-8 days;
(2) and (3) flowering period: diluting by 600 times and 700 times by using the Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent, and spraying once every 3 days until no insects exist; the plant ecological maintenance agent rich in the essence is used, the dilution times are 500-700 times, and the spraying is carried out on the leaves and the roots once every 6-8 days; and the camellia oleoyl sucrose ester is diluted by water by 150-fold and is broadcast by 200 times every 5 days;
(3) during the fruiting period: diluting by 600 times and 700 times by using the Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent, and spraying once every 3 days until no insects exist; applying 0.8-1 kg/plant camellia oleoyl sucrose ester around the root;
(4) and (3) mature period: diluting by 600 times and 700 times by using the Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent, and spraying once every 3 days until no insects exist; the plant ecological maintenance agent rich in the essence is used, the dilution times are 500-700 times, and the spraying is carried out on the leaves and the roots once every 6-8 days; and the camellia oleoyl sucrose ester is diluted by water by 150-fold and is broadcast by 200 times every 5 days;
(5) and (3) overwintering period: turning soil from 30cm from the head of the tree to the interior of the drip line from inside to outside, cutting off the root, wherein the soil turning depth is 5-10cm, and applying 0.5-2kg of rhamnolipid per plant.
2. The planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rhamnolipid is selected from at least one of camellia oil rhamnolipid or modified rhamnolipid.
3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent in the spring tip stage is used alternately as a water agent and a powder agent.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein 2-4kg of rhamnolipid, 1-2kg of camellia oleosucrose ester, 1-1.5kg of Jiean plant ecological maintenance agent and 1-1.5kg of rich essence plant ecological maintenance agent are applied to each new citrus fruit tree per year.
5. The growing method of claim 1, further comprising growing legumes as a crop.
6. The growing method of claim 1, further comprising branch management: the height of the main trunk is fixed to be 20-40cm, the number of main branches is 3-4, the angles of the main branches are 30-50 degrees, and 3-4 auxiliary main branches are arranged on each main branch.
7. The growing method of claim 1, further comprising garden selection of: the height difference between the ridge surface and the ditch horizontal plane is 75-90cm, the ridge width is 7-7.5m, and planting is carried out by adopting a mode of one ditch with two ridges and one ridge with two lines.
8. The planting method of claim 1, further comprising planting at a density: 1100-1150 plants are planted per hectare, the plant spacing is 2.5-3.0m, and the row spacing is 3.5-4.0 m.
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| CN202010228683.1A CN111264280A (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2020-03-27 | Planting method of Xinhui oranges |
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| CN202010228683.1A CN111264280A (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2020-03-27 | Planting method of Xinhui oranges |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112840879A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-28 | 广东省科学院生物工程研究所 | Cuttage substrate, cuttage method and application of passion fruit |
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Application publication date: 20200612 |