CN112772330A - Cultivation method for propagating konjak seeds by intercropping of bananas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of field intercropping, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for propagating bulbil konjac in banana field intercropping. The method comprises the steps of digging up the soil moisture for planting according to a pulling rope of 300cm for 250-broken seeds, wherein the furrow width is 30-50cm, the soil moisture surface width is 200-broken seeds for 250cm, the soil moisture height is 30-50cm, the operation is carried out on the soil moisture surface, the transplanting of the strip furrow is carried out, 130 broken seeds are planted for each mu of bananas, and the plant spacing is 2-3 m; and interplanting konjak in the gaps of the banana trees, and shading the konjak by using the bananas. The method can produce better ecological benefit and economic benefit. The planting of bananas can form competitive advantages with weeds in the bulbil konjak field, inhibit weeds, become a substitute plant for the weeds, and can form a diversified environment to slow down the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. The profit of the intercropping of the konjak and the banana is increased by 10.4 percent compared with the pure konjak.

Description

Cultivation method for propagating konjak seeds by intercropping of bananas

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of field intercropping, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for propagating bulbil konjac in banana field intercropping.

Background

The intercropping means a planting mode of planting two or more than two crops in the same field in the same growing period in rows or zones at intervals. The intercropping can improve the land utilization rate, and the crop compound group formed by the intercropping can intercept and absorb sunlight and reduce the waste of light energy; the two crops can also produce complementary action when intercropping, and the intercropping effect is improved by reasonably matching the crops with different plant types and slightly different growth periods and arranging planting row spacing with different widths in the field.

Konjak, also known as konnyaku and stemona, is a generic name of konjak of Araceae. Mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, etc. The konjak is beneficial alkaline food, and can balance the acid and alkali of the food when matched with the konjak for people eating too many animal acidic foods. In addition, the konjak also has the functions of reducing blood sugar level, reducing blood fat, reducing blood pressure, dispelling toxin, beautifying, dredging collaterals, losing weight, relaxing bowels, stimulating appetite and the like. The glucomannan with the largest content in the konjak has strong expansibility, has viscosity higher than that of any vegetable gum, can fill intestines and stomachs to eliminate hunger sensation, and can control weight because the contained heat is very little, thereby achieving the aims of losing weight and building body.

The amorphophallus bulbifer is a plant of the genus amorphophallus of the family Araceae. Tuber is nearly spherical, diameter is 5-8 cm, dense fleshy root and fibrous branch fibrous root. The length of the petiole can reach 1 meter, and the thickness is 1.5-3 cm. The leaves are green, the back is light green, 3 cracks, and 1 bulbil is arranged at the top of the petiole. The length of the inflorescence handle is 25-30cm, and the thickness is 0.5-1.5 cm. The ovary is oblate, the stigma has no handle, and the ovary is wide disc-shaped. The flowering period is 5 months. The amorphophallus bulbifer is a wild domesticated species with a unique breeding mode, originates from tropical rain forest, is suitable for high-temperature and high-humidity environment in summer, and is mainly distributed in wide areas with north latitude of 19-26 degrees and east longitude of 92-100 degrees. Compared with amorphophallus konjac and konjac, the amorphophallus bulbifer has the characteristics of high propagation coefficient, short growth cycle, strong disease resistance, high-temperature and high-humidity climate resistance and high glucomannan content.

The wild amorphophallus bulbifer soft rot and southern blight rarely occur, and the wild amorphophallus bulbifer soft rot and southern blight grow in tropical rainforests with high temperature and high humidity, so that the wild amorphophallus bulbifer has the characteristics of being water-loving, fertilizer-loving, waterlogging-proof and high-temperature-resistant. In summer, which is a high-incidence period of soft rot, the amorphophallus konjac and the white konjac do not resist high temperature and are easy to generate soft rot under the high-temperature condition in summer, and the bulbil konjac resists high temperature, so that the aerial corms are always in the high-temperature illumination environment, and the disease resistance is greatly improved.

The glucomannan content of the bulbil konjak is higher than that of the white konjak and the flower konjak. The current reported konjak intercropping plants mainly comprise corn, rubber, kiwi fruit, navel orange, mulching film cowpea, mulching film kidney bean, walnut, forest tree, potato, mulberry, pear and apple tree. The bulbil konjak has wide suitable planting range and can be planted with other crops in a intercropping way. The amorphophallus bulbifer is resistant to high temperature and high humidity, is suitable for being planted in 1400m area with elevation of 500 plus materials, requires proper shading in the growth period of the amorphophallus bulbifer, is most suitable for shading of 40-60%, can be subjected to intercropping with young rubber, forest fruits, corns, sugarcanes, bananas and other high-stalk crops to form a three-dimensional planting mode with the upper high-stalk crops and the forest fruit trees and the lower konjac, meets the requirement of amorphophallus bulbifer on delight from the shade, saves land, and improves the utilization rate and the yield of unit land.

Bananas are known as longxi bananas, Tianbao bananas (Fujian), chuanxiong bananas (Guangdong Chaoshan), dwarf dun mines, middle foot dun mines, short banana, high banana, oil banana, Japanese banana (Guangdong), dwarf bananas, Kaiyuan bananas, high banana (Yunnan), Guimuyu (Yunnan), Gui Min (Yunnan Delong language of Delhi), Guiyi stores, Guijian tips (Dai language of Yunnan Shu Shuangbanna), and Chinese dwarf bananas (foreign universities). Frequent consumption of bananas can prevent hypertension because bananas can provide more potassium ions which can lower blood pressure, and have the effects of resisting the pressure rise of sodium ions and damaging blood vessels. The banana contains various nutrients, has low sodium content and no cholesterol, and can supply various nutrients to human body without causing obesity after eating. Therefore, the banana is beneficial to the brain and prevents the nerve fatigue after being eaten frequently, and is particularly suitable for the old to eat. The currently reported banana intercropping plants mainly comprise pepper and mung bean.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a cultivation method for propagating konjak seeds by intercropping the bulbil in banana fields. The method can produce better ecological benefit and economic benefit.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a cultivation method for propagating konjak seeds by intercropping in banana field comprises the following steps:

digging a guy for planting at the position of 300cm for 250-fold soil, wherein the furrow width is 30-50cm, the furrow surface width is 200-fold soil, and the furrow height is 30-50cm, operating on the furrow surface, transplanting the seeds into the grooves, planting 130-fold soil for 120-fold seedlings per mu of banana, and the planting distance is 2-3 m; and interplanting konjak in the gaps of the banana trees, and shading the konjak by using the bananas.

Preferably, the cultivation method for the seed reproduction of the banana field intercropping konjak comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of a planting land: selecting a planting field with shading degree of 40-75%, pH value of 5.5-6.5 and highest temperature of 30-35 ℃ in summer;

(2) seed stem selection: selecting underground corms with the weight of 100-250g or leaf surface seeds with the weight of 20-30g as seed stems of the amorphophallus bulbifer, airing the seeds, sterilizing and putting the seeds under the conditions of 15-25 ℃ and 75% relative humidity for accelerating germination;

selecting Banana No. 2 or Brazil No. 3 as banana seed;

(3) land arrangement and fertilization: deeply ploughing the soil by 25-30cm, mixing 2000 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 100 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and applying the mixture on the surface layer of the soil to deeply plough the soil, break upturned soil and clean a field; the organic fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the plowing soil;

(4) cultivation: sowing the konjac and the bananas in spring equinox to Mingming festival, digging and planting the seeds on the furrow by pulling a 250-plus 300cm soil moisture digging rope, wherein the furrow width is 30-50cm, the furrow surface width is 200-plus 250cm, and the soil moisture height is 30-50cm, transplanting the seeds in the furrows, planting 120-plus 130 plants in each mu of bananas, and the plant spacing is 2-3 m; and interplanting konjak in the gaps of the banana trees, and shading the konjak by using the bananas.

(5) Topdressing: fertilizing the bananas after cultivating for 10-15 days and growing new leaves.

Preferably, in the step (1), the planting field is selected from regions with relatively rich rainfall in tropical and subtropical regions, relatively low altitude and relatively high air temperature, and the highest air temperature in summer is 30-35 ℃.

Preferably, in the step (1), the planting land is selected from the planting lands with convenient traffic, deep soil layer, fertile soil and good air permeability.

Preferably, in the step (1), the planting land is selected to be a land which does not contain toxic substances, has a low underground water level and is convenient to drain and irrigate.

Preferably, in the step (2), the seed stem of the konjak is selected to be used as the seed, wherein the seed stem is an underground bulb or a leaf surface bulb which has smooth epidermis, thick main bud, no damage and no disease or insect.

Preferably, in the step (2), the germination is performed by any one of a greenhouse, a hotbed, a cold bed and a film covering method.

Preferably, in the step (4), the cultivation process is as follows: digging a guy for planting at the position of 300cm for 250-fold soil, wherein the furrow width is 30-50cm, the furrow surface width is 200-fold soil, and the furrow height is 30-50cm, operating on the furrow surface, transplanting the seeds into the grooves, planting 130-fold soil for 120-fold seedlings per mu of banana, and the planting distance is 2-3 m; and interplanting konjak in the gaps of the banana trees, and shading the konjak by using the bananas.

Preferably, in the step (5), the fertilizer for fertilizing the bananas is: taking the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as 1: 0.4: 1.5-2, or selecting a special fertilizer for bananas sold in the market;

preferably, in the step (5), the fertilizing manner is as follows: the dripping is mainly applied and the hole application is assisted.

Preferably, in the step (5), the fertilizer application amount is performed according to the following standard: fertilizing 3-4 times per mu of banana, wherein the fertilizing is repeated for 1-2 times; the total fertilization amount of each plant is as follows: 1-1.4 kg of urea, 0.4-0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.8-1.6 kg of potassium chloride and 0.75 kg of peanut bran.

Preferably, the fertilizing amount of the special fertilizer for the commercially available bananas is 3-3.5 kg per plant.

Preferably, during the cultivation process of the seed reproduction of the banana field intercropping amorphophallus bulbifer, the disease and pest control is carried out according to the following method according to the growth condition of the cultivated plants: spraying 1000 times of high-efficiency powerful minister liquid or 800 times of 40% dimethoate liquid for preventing and treating aphids in 3-4 months; spraying 1000 times of a solution of the diphacinone missible oil once a month in 6-9 months to prevent and control leaf spot; after the female flowers are bloomed, spraying 1000 times of liquid of 50 percent carbendazim on young fruits to prevent and treat the scab; using 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution to prevent and treat anthracnose; 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable solution 1000 times is sprayed to kill and control the leaf roller.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical advantages that:

1. the intercropping of the amorphophallus bulbifer and the bananas can increase the biological diversity, inhibit the growth of weeds in the land, inhibit the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and reduce the economic loss caused by the plant diseases and insect pests; the konjak is a negative plant, is suitable for growing under vegetation with a shading effect, and the intercropping of the bulbil konjak and the banana can achieve the effects of preventing diseases and reasonably utilizing sunlight; the two crops are intercropped and cultivated together, the labor cost can be reduced, the planting and harvesting time of the bulbil konjak and the banana is close, the field management is convenient, the labor input can be reduced, the working time is saved, and the cost is reduced.

2. The stable yield and the preservation and the reasonable intercropping can utilize different crop characteristics of the amorphophallus bulbifer and the bananas, can enhance the stress resistance to plant diseases and insect pests and disastrous weather, achieve the stable yield and the preservation, also can improve the land utilization rate, reduce land rent and coordinate the contradiction of land competition of crops.

3. The amorphophallus bulbifer and the bananas are planted according to a certain plant-row spacing ratio, the bananas can form competitive advantages with weeds in the amorphophallus bulbifer field, inhibit the weeds and become substitute plants of the weeds, and diversified environments can be formed to slow down the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests.

4. The invention has better economic benefit, and the profit of the intercropping of the konjak and the banana is increased by 10.4 percent compared with that of the pure konjak.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples to make the technical aspects of the present invention easier to understand and grasp, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.

1. Example 1 interplanting of konjak with Banana

A cultivation method for propagating konjak seeds by intercropping in banana field comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of a planting land: selecting a planting field with shading degree of 40-75%, pH value of 5.5-6.5 and highest temperature of 30-35 ℃ in summer; (the shading degree and the pH value of the planting field are the variation range values in the planting season);

(2) seed stem selection: selecting underground corms with the weight of 200g and leaf surface seeds with the weight of 20g of each plant as seed stems of the amorphophallus bulbifer, sunning the seed stems, sterilizing the seed stems, and accelerating germination at the temperature of 125 ℃ and the relative humidity of 75%; selecting Guangdong banana No. 2 as a banana seed;

(3) land arrangement and fertilization: deeply ploughing soil by 30cm, mixing 2000 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 100 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and applying the mixture on the surface layer of the soil to deeply plough the soil, and clean upturned soil and a garden; the organic fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the plowing soil;

(4) cultivation: sowing konjak and banana in spring, digging a pull rope of 250cm for planting in a furrow manner, wherein the furrow width is 50cm, the furrow surface width is 200cm, the furrow height is 30cm, the furrow surface is well arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surface, the transplanting is carried out in a ditch with the planting distance of 2m, and the fixed number of the plants of each mu of konjak and banana is 125; interplanting konjak in gaps of banana trees, and shading the konjak by using bananas;

(5) topdressing: after 15 days of cultivation and when new leaves grow, applying special fertilizer for bananas.

2. Comparative example 1 pure konjak

The difference from example 1 is that only konjac was bred. The konjak was planted in pure form in the same manner as in example 1.

3. Comparison of effects of example 1 and comparative example 1

3.1 economic benefit of interplanting konjak with banana

(1) Yield: the test result of the intercropping planting of the amorphophallus bulbifer and the bananas shows that the yield of the amorphophallus bulbifer (commercial konjac and seed konjac) in one mu of land is 1900 kg, the yield of the commercial konjac is 1100 kg, the yield of the seed konjac is 800 kg, and the seed konjac has two types, namely leaf seeds and underground corms (wherein the yield of the leaf seeds is 45 kg, and the yield of the underground corms is 755 kg); the yield of bananas is 500 kg.

(2) Yield value: according to the market price of the bulbil konjac in 2019, the commercial konjac is 5 yuan per kg, and the yield value of 1100 kg is 5500 yuan; the leaf surface seeds are 130 yuan per kilogram, and the yield value of 45 kilograms is 5850 yuan; the underground bulb has 30 yuan per kilogram, and the yield value of 755 kilograms of underground bulbs is 22650 yuan; the total yield of the bulbil konjak is 34000 yuan. According to the market price of the bananas at present, 4 yuan for each kilogram of bananas, and the banana yield value of 500 kilograms is 2000 yuan. The total yield per acre of the konjak and the banana is 36000 yuan.

(3) Cost and expense: the purchase cost of the bulbil konjak seeds is 30 kilograms of leaf surface seeds, 150 yuan per kilogram, 4500 yuan in total, 300 kilograms of underground corms, 30 yuan per kilogram, 9000 yuan in total, and in sum, the purchase cost of the bulbil konjak seeds is 13500 yuan; the banana seedling purchase cost is 500 yuan, the land lease cost is 600 yuan, the planting labor cost is 1000 yuan, the labor collecting cost is 1500 yuan, the management cost is 200 yuan, and the chemical fertilizer cost is 500 yuan. The cost for intercropping one mu of bulbil konjak and banana is 17800 yuan.

(4) Profit: the pure profit income of 18200 yuan can be obtained by intercropping the amorphophallus bulbifer and the bananas for one mu of land.

3.2 economic benefits of pure konjak

(1) Yield: the yield of pure bulbil konjak per mu is 2100 kg (wherein the commercial taro is 1300 kg, the leaf surface seeds are 50 kg, and the underground corm is 750 kg).

(2) Yield value: according to the market price of the bulbil konjac in 2019, 5 yuan per kilogram of commercial konjac is adopted, and the yield value of the commercial konjac with the yield of 1300 kilograms is 6500 yuan; the yield of the leaf surface seeds is 130 yuan per kilogram, and the yield value of the leaf surface seeds with the yield of 50 kilograms is 6500 yuan; the underground bulb is 30 yuan per kg, and the yield value of the seed taro with the yield of 750 kg is 22500 yuan. And (4) comprehensively calculating, wherein the total yield of the pure bulbil konjac in one mu of land is 35500 yuan.

(3) Cost and expense: the method comprises the following steps of 13500 yuan of seed purchase cost of amorphophallus bulbifer, 600 yuan of land lease cost, 1000 yuan of planting labor cost, 1500 yuan of weed removal labor cost, 1500 yuan of harvesting labor cost, 220 yuan of management cost, 500 yuan of fertilizer cost and 200 yuan of pesticide. For a total of 19020 yuan.

(4) Profit: the pure seed of the bulbil konjak can obtain pure profit of 16480 yuan.

3.3 comparative conclusion of the test

(1) Although the yield of the bulbil konjak intercropping banana is reduced by 200 kilograms and 9.5 percent compared with the pure bulbil konjak, the total benefit is increased (firstly, the artificial weeding cost is reduced by 1500 yuan, the pesticide is reduced by 200 yuan, the total amount is 1700 yuan, and secondly, the income of planting the banana is increased by 2000 yuan), the total profit of the konjak and banana intercropping is increased by 1720 yuan compared with the pure bulbil konjak, the increase rate is 10.4 percent, the environmental pollution pressure is reduced by not applying the pesticide, and the raw materials of the produced pollution-free food are ecological benefits and social benefits which cannot be calculated.

(2) The interplanting of the amorphophallus bulbifer and the bananas can generate two economic benefits, the reasonable interplanting has the effect of increasing the yield compared with the single cropping, the income can be increased, and the reasonable interplanting with the synergism can be replaced by less investment for more economic income. The two reduction steps are implemented in agricultural production, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, the use of the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides can be reduced by intercropping the amorphophallus bulbifer and the bananas, the production cost is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.

The above detailed description is specific to one possible embodiment of the present invention, and the embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention should be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A cultivation method for propagating konjak seeds by intercropping in banana field comprises the following steps:

digging a guy for planting at the position of 300cm for 250-fold soil, wherein the furrow width is 30-50cm, the furrow surface width is 200-fold soil, and the furrow height is 30-50cm, operating on the furrow surface, transplanting the seeds into the grooves, planting 130-fold soil for 120-fold seedlings per mu of banana, and the planting distance is 2-3 m; and interplanting konjak in the gaps of the banana trees, and shading the konjak by using the bananas.

2. The method for cultivating the propagation of the banana inter-field bulbil konjac as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of a planting land: selecting a planting field with shading degree of 40-75%, pH value of 5.5-6.5 and highest temperature of 30-35 ℃ in summer;

(2) seed stem selection: selecting underground corms with the weight of 100-250g or leaf surface seeds with the weight of 20-30g as seed stems of the amorphophallus bulbifer, airing the seeds, sterilizing and putting the seeds under the conditions of 15-25 ℃ and 75% relative humidity for accelerating germination;

selecting Banana No. 2 or Brazil No. 3 as banana seed;

(3) land arrangement and fertilization: deeply ploughing the soil by 25-30cm, mixing 2000 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 100 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and applying the mixture on the surface layer of the soil to deeply plough the soil, break upturned soil and clean a field;

(4) cultivation: digging a guy for planting at the position of 300cm for 250-fold soil, wherein the furrow width is 30-50cm, the furrow surface width is 200-fold soil, and the furrow height is 30-50cm, operating on the furrow surface, transplanting the seeds into the grooves, planting 130-fold soil for 120-fold seedlings per mu of banana, and the planting distance is 2-3 m; interplanting konjak in the gaps of the banana trees, and shading the konjak by using the bananas;

(5) topdressing: fertilizing the bananas after cultivating for 10-15 days and growing new leaves.

3. The method for cultivating the seed of konjak through indirect inter-cropping in banana field according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the pregermination is carried out in any one of a greenhouse, a hotbed, a cold bed and a film covering.

4. The method for cultivating the seed of konjak through intercropping of banana land as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (5), the fertilizer for fertilizing the banana is: taking the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as 1: 0.4: 1.5-2, or selecting a special fertilizer for bananas sold in the market.

5. The method for cultivating the propagation of konjak by intercropping of banana land as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (5), the fertilizer is applied in a manner that: the dripping is mainly applied and the hole application is assisted.

6. The method for cultivating the propagation of konjak by intercropping of banana land as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (5), the fertilizer amount applied is performed according to the following criteria: fertilizing 3-4 times per mu of banana, wherein the fertilizing is repeated for 1-2 times; the total fertilization amount of each plant is as follows: 1-1.4 kg of urea, 0.4-0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.8-1.6 kg of potassium chloride and 0.75 kg of peanut bran.

7. The method for cultivating the seed of Amorphophallus rivieri by intercropping banana fields as claimed in claim 4, wherein said fertilizer is applied in an amount of 3-3.5 kg/plant.