CN105165521A - Corylus heterophylla highyield cultivation method - Google Patents
Corylus heterophylla highyield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105165521A CN105165521A CN201510498537.XA CN201510498537A CN105165521A CN 105165521 A CN105165521 A CN 105165521A CN 201510498537 A CN201510498537 A CN 201510498537A CN 105165521 A CN105165521 A CN 105165521A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a corylus heterophylla highyield cultivation method, and belongs to the fruit tree cultivation technical field; the method researches and realizes innovations in the following aspects: garden construction, nursery stock selection, soil fertilizer management, shaping trimming, insect disease control, and overwintering protection; the corylus heterophylla highyield cultivation method is suitable for plantation in south shangdong regions, so highyield period corylus heterophylla output can reach 305-330 kg/mu, which is 200kg higher than the yearly output of normal hazelnut, thus increasing orchard worker economic benefit, and providing very high application popularization value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of flat Europe hybridization fibert high-yield cultivating, a kind of method being applicable to the flat Europe hybridization fibert high-yield cultivating of southern shandong area, belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field specifically.
Background technology
Fibert calls flat hazel, Chui, mountain Chinese chestnut, is corylaceae (Corylaceae) Corylus (Corylus) plant, is one of large nut (fibert, walnut, almond, cashew nut) in the world four.At present, about there are 16 kinds in the whole world, is mainly distributed in Asia, Europe and North America.China, as the important place of production of fibert, originates in and has 8 kinds and 2 mutation, be mainly distributed in the northeast of China, North China, northwest and southwest.Fibert is because of nutritious, and economic worth is high to be called as " king of nut ".Fibert is rich in grease, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin (vitamin E), mineral matter, sugared fiber, β--eight seed amino acids and the trace element of the special composition such as ancient sterol and antioxidant carbolic acid and necessary for human, its content of vitamin E is up to 36%, can effectively delay senility, treatment of vascular is hardened, effect of moist skin.Also contain anti-cancer chemical composition taxol in fibert, oophoroma and breast cancer and some other cancer can be treated, the lifetime of patient can be extended.In addition, fibert itself has a kind of natural fragrance, has effect of appetizing, and abundant cellulose also has the aid digestion and anti-effect treated constipation; Fibert also has the effect reducing cholesterol, avoids saturated fatty acid in meat and, to the harm of health, effectively can prevent the generation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.Every day has some fibert the crowd of computer previous work more, has certain health-care effect to eyesight.Along with the raising of people's living standard, people get more and more to the demand of fibert product, and fibert fruit obtains extensive exploitation utilization at numerous areas such as edible, medical, health cares.The fibert huge market demand, and present the trend increased year by year, particularly flat Europe hybridization fibert, having our China only just has, and the whole world is unique, Japanese, Korea S's Southeast Asian countries every year all will from a large amount of fibert of China's import.But China's fibert produces area total amount very little at present, and existing fibert manual inseminating is at the early-stage, and method is immature, yields poorly, empty grain phenomenon is serious, cannot meet the need of market far away.
Southern shandong area place mid-latitude region, belongs to monsoon region, temperate zone continental climate, the feature that climatic resourceses such as having benign climate, make a clear distinction between the four seasons, rainfall is abundant, illumination is sufficient, frost-free season is long is abundant.Average temperature of the whole year is between 12.3-13.3 degree, general western higher than east, southern higher than the north, the coastal inland lower than same latitude.Appear at seven most summerday, August, mean temperature of air is between 25.4-26.3 degree; The coldest moon, mean temperature of air was between subzero 1.1-2.8 degree in January.Whole city's autumn temperature is higher than spring warmth, and summer in winter cold and heat is clearly demarcated.Each monthly average sunshine duration with 5, June is maximum, is respectively 244.1 hours and 222.0 hours.Minimum is February and July, is respectively 173.7 hours and 181.4 hours.
Southern shandong area causes its economic development backwardness relatively due to historical reasons, and agricultural development also relatively lags behind.The economic crops of the agriculture and forestry plantation that general this area is traditional mainly contain peanut, melon dish, tobacco, cotton, ginkgo, Chinese chestnut, honeysuckle etc., the needs of local farmers productivity dynamics and daily life can not be met completely, thus need to introduce a fine variety the higher economic crops kind of other economic worths with the economic crops kind of abundant locality and the income improving local peasant.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of method of flat Europe hybridization fibert high-yield cultivating.The growth characteristic of the method according to flat Europe fibert and weather, the lineament of southern shandong area, rationally planting type is set, fertilizing amount and time and management after planting, make the whole production cycle have sufficient nutrient and suitable growing environment, within the 4th year, can reach economic flow rate, the fruit of results is individual large, skin is thin, output is large, meets the need of market, for orchard worker wins tremendous economic interests.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A method for flat Europe hybridization fibert high-yield cultivating, it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
(1) field is selected: select leeward facing south, soil layer is deep, moistening, and draining is good, and near water source, pH value is the sandy loam of 5.5-7.0, and select the middle and lower part of tailo, the gradient is below 25 °;
(2) selection of seedling:
1. Fruit variety: select 3 kinds of flat Europe hybridization fibert kinds; Described selection kind is 237,81-23, B-3;
2. seedling quality: growth selection is healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect and mechanical damage, leading thread >=0.8cm, height of seedling >=60cm, side root >=15cm has more than 5, has the nursery stock of more than 5 full buds;
3. seedling treatment: prune seedling root before planting, wipes out root turion branch and the mechanical damage root of basal part of stem, dips in yellow mud to improve survival rate simultaneously;
(3) pollinizers are configured: alternate the planting of 3 cultivar every trades selected is carried out pollinizers configuration, main breed by each region of planting: pollinated variety ratio is 6:1;
(4) plant:
Dig pit: after field is determined 1. wholely, first will carry out smooth; Build garden on the level land of impeded drainage and should accomplish short raised fields, high 20-25cm, repaiies drain ditch in the ranks; After land readjustment, carry out fixed point dig pit by the spacing in the rows of planting density, line-spacing, the size in hole is 60cm
2; Show soil when digging pit and be placed on side, the bottom immature soil is placed on opposite side;
2. meticulously to plant: by kind, nursery stock is put into the field planting hole got ready when planting seedlings, its root system is unfolded, notes correction position simultaneously, all around align, when planting, root system buries the native degree of depth is 6-10cm, and after requiring to plant, collar is parallel to the ground or a little more than ground 5cm, then backfills; When backfilling into a half, seedling is upwards carried gently, bankets while having peace of mind, root system and soil are combined closely, then tree dish of pouring water will be erected around nursery stock, to water immediately after field planting, water foot irrigate, water ooze lower after carry out grave mound soil moisture conservation, and with mulch film overlay tree dish, heat with moisturizing, promote that seedling root is movable, improve survival rate;
(5) manage after planting:
fixed dry: fixed dry in time after planting, general dry high 40-60cm, must have 4-5 full bud under clip;
weeding is loosened the soil: after Survival rate of nursery stock, timely weeding is loosened the soil 2-3 time;
fertilizer management:
Base manure applies: annual autumn applies with deer excrement after fruit harvesting to frozen soil: sheep excrement: the organic manure that pigsty excrement mixes according to the ratio of 2:1:1, adds N simultaneously, and P, K ratio is the composite fertilizer of 1:2:2; The raw hazel of 2-3 every strain organic fertilizer 15-20kg, sealing fertilizer 0.3-0.4kg; 4-5 hazel every strain organic fertilizer 30-50kg, sealing fertilizer 0.5-0.8kg, more than 5 years every strain organic fertilizer 60kg, sealing fertilizer 1kg;
To topdress applying: within 1 year, topdress 2 times, first time late May-early June, Nitrogen Top Dressing 30-50g/ strain, waters simultaneously, after newly slightly stopping growing, every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 10 days foliage-sprays 1 time 0.3%, sprays 2 times continuously; Second time be early July-the middle ten days, impose composite microbiological fertilizer 20-30g/ strain, while fully water, within 10 days, after-applied common N, P, K ratio is 1:2:3 composite fertilizer 10g/ strain, to improve plant cold resistance and wintering habit;
prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the first tenday period of a month in May, with the D-M mixture of 60%, with high concentration 300 times of liquid poisoning adults, carry out overall treatment to hazel coppice, connect spray 2-3 time, interval time was 15d to late June; Every mu of formulation rate is 0.1kg, and to late July to mid-August, spread 4%D-M pulvis poisoning de-fruit larva on the ground, per hectare dosage is 22.5-30kg; Water freeze-up water before entering the winter 1 time, then train 30-40cm height mound cold-proof;
5. set body and survive the winter the raw treelet of protection: 1-3 in November not at the beginning of one 12 months, in butt ridging, height 30-40cm, is formed conical, carries out the cold tolerance of surviving the winter that trunk whitewashing can improve tree body before within the 4th year, freezing later;
6. pruning: retain 4-5 the base portion branch evenly stretched to surrounding and make major branch, major branch has side shoot, on side shoot give birth to fruit-bearing shoot cluster, about height of tree 3.0m, selected 4 ~ 5 base portion branches to do major branch in the 1st year, carry out cutting back, all the other branches are dredged out; 2nd year to the 3rd year, light cutting back is carried out to the raw branch of the major branch selected and remain and side; Within 4th year, namely form plexi shape tree crown, note removing descendant in time.
Described step (4)
middle planting density is seeding row spacing 2.5m × 3m.
Described step (4)
the method of middle backfill is soil of first filling in a form during backfill, applies fertilizer 10kg simultaneously, and puddles even with table soil, finally inserts subsoil, if subsoil is sticky heavy, stone is more, can without subsoil, and gets and show soil in the ranks, until filled up by planting pit.
Above-mentioned fertilizer is fowl and animal excrement: the peat composed of rotten mosses: seaweeds forms according to the proportional arrangement of 20:15:7.
Cultivation method of the present invention Second Year after flat Europe hybrid hazel is planted just can be shown in fruit on a small quantity; 3rd year, result quantities increased to some extent, but still can not reach economic flow rate; Within 4th year, economic flow rate can be reached; Within 5th year, enter the high yield initial stage.The fibert of cultivating really is got bumper crops greatly, kernel percent is high, kernel is full, local flavor is good, has good economic benefit and popularizing value.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the fruit of cultivation method products obtained therefrom of the present invention is large, kernel percent is high, kernel is full, local flavor is good, strong adaptability, fruit thousand kernel weight 4.06-4.32 kilogram, kernel thousand kernel weight 1.51-1.66 kilogram.
2. carry out innovation research from Jian Yuan, Soil and fertilizer management, pruning, the extermination of disease and insect pest, the aspects such as protection of surviving the winter; make the method for the flat Europe hybridization fibert high-yield cultivating be suitable in southern shandong area; high yield period flat Europe hybrid hazel per mu yield is made to reach 305-330 kilogram; 200 kilograms are exceeded than general fibert annual production; add the economic benefit of orchard worker, there is high application and popularization value.
3. the effective radiation of the present invention drives fibert in development that is local and surrounding area, to local economic development and peasant programme is significant, economical, society, ecological benefits are remarkable.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, content of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
(1) field is selected: place is in Linyi Junan County height ecologic planting Specialty Co-operative Organization, and select leeward facing south, soil layer is deep, moistening, and draining is good, and near water source, pH value is the sandy loam of 5.5, and select the middle and lower part of tailo, the gradient is below 25 °;
(2) selection of seedling:
1. Fruit variety: select 3 kinds of flat Europe hybridization fibert kinds; Described selection kind is 237,81-23, B-3;
2. seedling quality: growth selection is healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect and mechanical damage, leading thread >=0.8cm, height of seedling >=60cm, side root >=15cm has more than 5, has the nursery stock of more than 5 full buds;
3. seedling treatment: prune seedling root before planting, wipes out root turion branch and the mechanical damage root of basal part of stem, dips in yellow mud to improve survival rate simultaneously;
(3) pollinizers are configured: alternate the planting of 3 cultivar every trades selected is carried out pollinizers configuration, main breed by each region of planting: pollinated variety ratio is 6:1;
(4) plant:
Dig pit: after field is determined 1. wholely, first will carry out smooth; Build garden on the level land of impeded drainage and should accomplish short raised fields, high 20-25cm, repaiies drain ditch in the ranks; After land readjustment, carry out fixed point and dig pit by the spacing in the rows of planting density, line-spacing, planting density seeding row spacing 2.5m × 3m, the size in hole is 60cm
2; Show soil when digging pit and be placed on side, the bottom immature soil is placed on opposite side;
2. meticulously to plant: by kind, nursery stock is put into the field planting hole got ready when planting seedlings, its root system is unfolded, notes correction position simultaneously, all around align, when planting, root system buries the native degree of depth is 6cm, and after requiring to plant, collar is parallel to the ground or a little more than ground 5cm, then backfills; First to fill in a form during backfill soil, apply fowl and animal excrement: the peat composed of rotten mosses simultaneously: seaweeds according to the fertilizer 10kg of the proportional arrangement of 20:15:7, and is puddled even with table soil, finally insert subsoil, if subsoil is sticky heavy, stone is more, can without subsoil, and get and show soil in the ranks, until filled up by planting pit.When backfilling into a half, seedling is upwards carried gently, bankets while having peace of mind, root system and soil are combined closely, then tree dish of pouring water will be erected around nursery stock, to water immediately after field planting, water foot irrigate, water ooze lower after carry out grave mound soil moisture conservation, and with mulch film overlay tree dish, heat with moisturizing, promote that seedling root is movable, improve survival rate;
(5) manage after planting:
fixed dry: fixed dry in time after planting, general dry high 40-60cm, must have 4-5 full bud under clip;
weeding is loosened the soil: after Survival rate of nursery stock, timely weeding is loosened the soil 2-3 time;
fertilizer management:
Base manure applies: annual autumn applies with deer excrement after fruit harvesting to frozen soil: sheep excrement: the organic manure that pigsty excrement mixes according to the ratio of 2:1:1, adds N simultaneously, and P, K ratio is the composite fertilizer of 1:2:2; The raw hazel of 2-3 every strain organic fertilizer 15kg, sealing fertilizer 0.3kg; 4-5 hazel every strain organic fertilizer 30kg, sealing fertilizer 0.5kg, more than 5 years every strain organic fertilizer 60kg, sealing fertilizer 1kg;
To topdress applying: within 1 year, topdress 2 times, first time late May-early June, Nitrogen Top Dressing 30g/ strain, waters simultaneously, after newly slightly stopping growing, every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 10 days foliage-sprays 1 time 0.3%, sprays 2 times continuously; Second time be early July-the middle ten days, impose composite microbiological fertilizer 20g/ strain, while fully water, within 10 days, after-applied common N, P, K ratio is 1:2:3 composite fertilizer 10g/ strain, to improve plant cold resistance and wintering habit;
prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the first tenday period of a month in May, with the D-M mixture of 60%, with high concentration 300 times of liquid poisoning adults, carry out overall treatment to hazel coppice, connect spray 2-3 time, interval time was 15d to late June; Every mu of formulation rate is 0.1kg, and to late July to mid-August, spread 4%D-M pulvis poisoning de-fruit larva on the ground, per hectare dosage is 22.5kg; Water freeze-up water before entering the winter 1 time, then train 30-40cm height mound cold-proof;
5. set body and survive the winter the raw treelet of protection: 1-3 in November not at the beginning of-12 months, in butt ridging, height 30-40cm, is formed conical, carries out the cold tolerance of surviving the winter that trunk whitewashing can improve tree body before within the 4th year, freezing later;
6. pruning: retain 4-5 the base portion branch evenly stretched to surrounding and make major branch, major branch has side shoot, on side shoot give birth to fruit-bearing shoot cluster, about height of tree 3.0m, selected 4 ~ 5 base portion branches to do major branch in the 1st year, carry out cutting back, all the other branches are dredged out; 2nd year to the 3rd year, light cutting back is carried out to the raw branch of the major branch selected and remain and side; Within 4th year, namely form plexi shape tree crown, note removing descendant in time.
Embodiment 2
(1) field is selected: fruits and vegetables plantation peasant cooperative society is believed in place in Linyi City Lanshan District, and select leeward facing south, soil layer is deep, moistening, and draining is good, and near water source, pH value is the sandy loam of 7.0, and select the middle and lower part of tailo, the gradient is below 25 °;
(2) selection of seedling:
1. Fruit variety: select 3 kinds of flat Europe hybridization fibert kinds; Described selection kind is 237,81-23, B-3;
2. seedling quality: growth selection is healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect and mechanical damage, leading thread >=0.8cm, height of seedling >=60cm, side root >=15cm has more than 5, has the nursery stock of more than 5 full buds;
3. seedling treatment: prune seedling root before planting, wipes out root turion branch and the mechanical damage root of basal part of stem, dips in yellow mud to improve survival rate simultaneously;
(3) pollinizers are configured: alternate the planting of 3 cultivar every trades selected is carried out pollinizers configuration, main breed by each region of planting: pollinated variety ratio is 6:1;
(4) plant:
Dig pit: after field is determined 1. wholely, first will carry out smooth; Build garden on the level land of impeded drainage and should accomplish short raised fields, high 20-25cm, repaiies drain ditch in the ranks; After land readjustment, carry out fixed point dig pit by the spacing in the rows of planting density, line-spacing, planting density is seeding row spacing 2.5m × 3m, and the size in hole is 60cm
2; Show soil when digging pit and be placed on side, the bottom immature soil is placed on opposite side;
2. meticulously to plant: by kind, nursery stock is put into the field planting hole got ready when planting seedlings, its root system is unfolded, notes correction position simultaneously, all around align, when planting, root system buries the native degree of depth is 7.5cm, and after requiring to plant, collar is parallel to the ground or a little more than ground 5cm, then backfills; The method of backfill is soil of first filling in a form during backfill, apply fowl and animal excrement: the peat composed of rotten mosses: seaweeds is according to the fertilizer 10kg of the proportional arrangement of 20:15:7 simultaneously, and puddle even with table soil, finally insert subsoil, if subsoil is sticky heavy, stone is more, can without subsoil, and get and show soil in the ranks, until filled up by planting pit.When backfilling into a half, seedling is upwards carried gently, bankets while having peace of mind, root system and soil are combined closely, then tree dish of pouring water will be erected around nursery stock, to water immediately after field planting, water foot irrigate, water ooze lower after carry out grave mound soil moisture conservation, and with mulch film overlay tree dish, heat with moisturizing, promote that seedling root is movable, improve survival rate;
(5) manage after planting:
fixed dry: fixed dry in time after planting, general dry high 40-60cm, must have 4-5 full bud under clip;
weeding is loosened the soil: after Survival rate of nursery stock, timely weeding is loosened the soil 2-3 time;
fertilizer management:
Base manure applies: annual autumn applies with deer excrement after fruit harvesting to frozen soil: sheep excrement: the organic manure that pigsty excrement mixes according to the ratio of 2:1:1, adds N simultaneously, and P, K ratio is the composite fertilizer of 1:2:2; The raw hazel of 2-3 every strain organic fertilizer 20kg, sealing fertilizer 0.4kg; 4-5 hazel every strain organic fertilizer 50kg, sealing fertilizer 0.8kg, more than 5 years every strain organic fertilizer 60kg, sealing fertilizer 1kg;
To topdress applying: within 1 year, topdress 2 times, first time late May-early June, Nitrogen Top Dressing 50g/ strain, waters simultaneously, after newly slightly stopping growing, every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 10 days foliage-sprays 1 time 0.3%, sprays 2 times continuously; Second time be early July-the middle ten days, impose composite microbiological fertilizer 30g/ strain, while fully water, within 10 days, after-applied common N, P, K ratio is 1:2:3 composite fertilizer 10g/ strain, to improve plant cold resistance and wintering habit;
prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the first tenday period of a month in May, with the D-M mixture of 60%, with high concentration 300 times of liquid poisoning adults, carry out overall treatment to hazel coppice, connect spray 2-3 time, interval time was 15d to late June; Every mu of formulation rate is 0.1kg, and to late July to mid-August, spread 4%D-M pulvis poisoning de-fruit larva on the ground, per hectare dosage is 30kg; Water freeze-up water before entering the winter 1 time, then train 30-40cm height mound cold-proof;
5. set body and survive the winter the raw treelet of protection: 1-3 in November not at the beginning of-12 months, in butt ridging, height 30-40cm, is formed conical, carries out the cold tolerance of surviving the winter that trunk whitewashing can improve tree body before within the 4th year, freezing later;
6. pruning: retain 4-5 the base portion branch evenly stretched to surrounding and make major branch, major branch has side shoot, on side shoot give birth to fruit-bearing shoot cluster, about height of tree 3.0m, selected 4 ~ 5 base portion branches to do major branch in the 1st year, carry out cutting back, all the other branches are dredged out; 2nd year to the 3rd year, light cutting back is carried out to the raw branch of the major branch selected and remain and side; Within 4th year, namely form plexi shape tree crown, note removing descendant in time.
Embodiment 3
(1) field is selected: place is in Linyi City Luozhuang District Xin Ye fruits and vegetables Specialty Co-operative Organization, and select leeward facing south, soil layer is deep, moistening, and draining is good, and near water source, pH value is the sandy loam of 6.0, and select the middle and lower part of tailo, the gradient is below 25 °;
(2) selection of seedling:
1. Fruit variety: select 3 kinds of flat Europe hybridization fibert kinds; Described selection kind is 237,81-23, B-3;
2. seedling quality: growth selection is healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect and mechanical damage, leading thread >=0.8cm, height of seedling >=60cm, side root >=15cm has more than 5, has the nursery stock of more than 5 full buds;
3. seedling treatment: prune seedling root before planting, wipes out root turion branch and the mechanical damage root of basal part of stem, dips in yellow mud to improve survival rate simultaneously;
(3) pollinizers are configured: alternate the planting of 3 cultivar every trades selected is carried out pollinizers configuration, main breed by each region of planting: pollinated variety ratio is 6:1;
(4) plant:
Dig pit: after field is determined 1. wholely, first will carry out smooth; Build garden on the level land of impeded drainage and should accomplish short raised fields, high 20-25cm, repaiies drain ditch in the ranks; After land readjustment, carry out fixed point dig pit by the spacing in the rows of planting density, line-spacing, planting density is seeding row spacing 2.5m × 3m, and the size in hole is 60cm
2; Show soil when digging pit and be placed on side, the bottom immature soil is placed on opposite side;
2. meticulously to plant: by kind, nursery stock is put into the field planting hole got ready when planting seedlings, its root system is unfolded, notes correction position simultaneously, all around align, when planting, root system buries the native degree of depth is 10cm, and after requiring to plant, collar is parallel to the ground or a little more than ground 5cm, then backfills; The method of backfill is soil of first filling in a form during backfill, apply fowl and animal excrement: the peat composed of rotten mosses: seaweeds is according to the fertilizer 10kg of the proportional arrangement of 20:15:7 simultaneously, and puddle even with table soil, finally insert subsoil, if subsoil is sticky heavy, stone is more, can without subsoil, and get and show soil in the ranks, until filled up by planting pit.When backfilling into a half, seedling is upwards carried gently, bankets while having peace of mind, root system and soil are combined closely, then tree dish of pouring water will be erected around nursery stock, to water immediately after field planting, water foot irrigate, water ooze lower after carry out grave mound soil moisture conservation, and with mulch film overlay tree dish, heat with moisturizing, promote that seedling root is movable, improve survival rate;
(5) manage after planting:
fixed dry: fixed dry in time after planting, general dry high 40-60cm, must have 4-5 full bud under clip;
weeding is loosened the soil: after Survival rate of nursery stock, timely weeding is loosened the soil 2-3 time;
fertilizer management:
Base manure applies: annual autumn applies with deer excrement after fruit harvesting to frozen soil: sheep excrement: the organic manure that pigsty excrement mixes according to the ratio of 2:1:1, adds N simultaneously, and P, K ratio is the composite fertilizer of 1:2:2; The raw hazel of 2-3 every strain organic fertilizer 18kg, sealing fertilizer 0.4kg; 4-5 hazel every strain organic fertilizer 40kg, sealing fertilizer 0.7kg, more than 5 years every strain organic fertilizer 60kg, sealing fertilizer 1kg;
To topdress applying: within 1 year, topdress 2 times, first time late May-early June, Nitrogen Top Dressing 40g/ strain, waters simultaneously, after newly slightly stopping growing, every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 10 days foliage-sprays 1 time 0.3%, sprays 2 times continuously; Second time be early July-the middle ten days, impose composite microbiological fertilizer 25g/ strain, while fully water, within 10 days, after-applied common N, P, K ratio is 1:2:3 composite fertilizer 10g/ strain, to improve plant cold resistance and wintering habit;
prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the first tenday period of a month in May, with the D-M mixture of 60%, with high concentration 300 times of liquid poisoning adults, carry out overall treatment to hazel coppice, connect spray 2-3 time, interval time was 15d to late June; Every mu of formulation rate is 0.1kg, and to late July to mid-August, spread 4%D-M pulvis poisoning de-fruit larva on the ground, per hectare dosage is 28kg; Water freeze-up water before entering the winter 1 time, then train 30-40cm height mound cold-proof;
5. set body and survive the winter the raw treelet of protection: 1-3 in November not at the beginning of-12 months, in butt ridging, height 30-40cm, is formed conical, carries out the cold tolerance of surviving the winter that trunk whitewashing can improve tree body before within the 4th year, freezing later;
6. pruning: retain 4-5 the base portion branch evenly stretched to surrounding and make major branch, major branch has side shoot, on side shoot give birth to fruit-bearing shoot cluster, about height of tree 3.0m, selected 4 ~ 5 base portion branches to do major branch in the 1st year, carry out cutting back, all the other branches are dredged out; 2nd year to the 3rd year, light cutting back is carried out to the raw branch of the major branch selected and remain and side; Within 4th year, namely form plexi shape tree crown, note removing descendant in time.
Botanical character after planting then to the flat Europe hybridization fibert of above-described embodiment 1-3 cultivation is observed, and measure mainly for plant height, crown diameter, new-tip length, young sprout rugosity, young sprout quantity, concrete statistics of measuring is in table 1.
Table 1 flat Europe hybridization fibert botanical character statistical form unit: centimetre
Statistics illustrates that 3 kinds that First Year is introduced all can grow in southern shandong area, and growth indexes is all more excellent.
Flat Europe hybrid hazel plant after Second Year just can see on a small quantity fruit; 3rd year, result quantities increased to some extent, but still can not reach economic flow rate; Within 4th year, economic flow rate can be reached; Within 5th year, enter the high yield initial stage.The Fruit Economic Traits of observing embodiment 1-3 on the 5th year is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 flat Europe hybridization fibert Fruit Economic Traits statistical unit: millimeter, gram
Note: each kind is got 100 fruits at random and measured, and data are averaged.
As can be seen from table 2 data, 3 kinds 237 introduced, 81-23, B-3 kind are after southern shandong area adopts cultivation method of the present invention to cultivate, in high yield period, its Fruit Economic Traits is good, single fruit weight 3.51-4.38g, the heavy 1.32-1.61g of kernel, possess the large high yield of fruit, kernel percent be high, kernel is full, local flavor is good, adaptable feature, meet preferably and introduce a fine variety target, in locality, there is good promotional value.Adopt cultivation method of the present invention in southern shandong area, make high yield period flat Europe hybrid hazel per mu yield reach 305-330 kilogram, exceed 200 kilograms than general fibert annual production, bring great economic benefit to local orchard worker.
Claims (4)
1. a method for flat Europe hybridization fibert high-yield cultivating, it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
(1) field is selected: select leeward facing south, soil layer is deep, moistening, and draining is good, and near water source, pH value is the sandy loam of 5.5-7.0, and select the middle and lower part of tailo, the gradient is below 25 °;
(2) selection of seedling:
1. Fruit variety: select 3 kinds of flat Europe hybridization fibert kinds; Described selection kind is 237,81-23, B-3;
2. seedling quality: growth selection is healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect and mechanical damage, leading thread >=0.8cm, height of seedling >=60cm, side root >=15cm has more than 5, has the nursery stock of more than 5 full buds;
3. seedling treatment: prune seedling root before planting, wipes out root turion branch and the mechanical damage root of basal part of stem, dips in yellow mud to improve survival rate simultaneously;
(3) pollinizers are configured: alternate the planting of 3 cultivar every trades selected is carried out pollinizers configuration, main breed by each region of planting: pollinated variety ratio is 6:1;
(4) plant:
Dig pit: after field is determined 1. wholely, first will carry out smooth; Build garden on the level land of impeded drainage and should accomplish short raised fields, high 20-25cm, repaiies drain ditch in the ranks; After land readjustment, carry out fixed point dig pit by the spacing in the rows of planting density, line-spacing, the size in hole is 60cm
2; Show soil when digging pit and be placed on side, the bottom immature soil is placed on opposite side;
2. meticulously to plant: by kind, nursery stock is put into the field planting hole got ready when planting seedlings, its root system is unfolded, notes correction position simultaneously, all around align, when planting, root system buries the native degree of depth is 6-10cm, and after requiring to plant, collar is parallel to the ground or a little more than ground 5cm, then backfills; When backfilling into a half, seedling is upwards carried gently, bankets while having peace of mind, root system and soil are combined closely, then tree dish of pouring water will be erected around nursery stock, to water immediately after field planting, water foot irrigate, water ooze lower after carry out grave mound soil moisture conservation, and with mulch film overlay tree dish, heat with moisturizing, promote that seedling root is movable, improve survival rate;
(5) manage after planting:
fixed dry: fixed dry in time after planting, general dry high 40-60cm, must have 4-5 full bud under clip;
weeding is loosened the soil: after Survival rate of nursery stock, timely weeding is loosened the soil 2-3 time;
fertilizer management:
Base manure applies: annual autumn applies with deer excrement after fruit harvesting to frozen soil: sheep excrement: the organic manure that pigsty excrement mixes according to the ratio of 2:1:1, adds N simultaneously, and P, K ratio is the composite fertilizer of 1:2:2; The raw hazel of 2-3 every strain organic fertilizer 15-20kg, sealing fertilizer 0.3-0.4kg; 4-5 hazel every strain organic fertilizer 30-50kg, sealing fertilizer 0.5-0.8kg, more than 5 years every strain organic fertilizer 60kg, sealing fertilizer 1kg;
To topdress applying: within 1 year, topdress 2 times, first time late May-early June, Nitrogen Top Dressing 30-50g/ strain, waters simultaneously, after newly slightly stopping growing, every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 10 days foliage-sprays 1 time 0.3%, sprays 2 times continuously; Second time be early July-the middle ten days, impose composite microbiological fertilizer 20-30g/ strain, while fully water, within 10 days, after-applied common N, P, K ratio is 1:2:3 composite fertilizer 10g/ strain, to improve plant cold resistance and wintering habit;
prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the first tenday period of a month in May, with the D-M mixture of 60%, with high concentration 300 times of liquid poisoning adults, carry out overall treatment to hazel coppice, connect spray 2-3 time, interval time was 15d to late June; Every mu of formulation rate is 0.1kg, and to late July to mid-August, spread 4%D-M pulvis poisoning de-fruit larva on the ground, per hectare dosage is 22.5-30kg; Water freeze-up water before entering the winter 1 time, then train 30-40cm height mound cold-proof;
5. set body and survive the winter the raw treelet of protection: 1-3 in November not at the beginning of one 12 months, in butt ridging, height 30-40cm, is formed conical, carries out the cold tolerance of surviving the winter that trunk whitewashing can improve tree body before within the 4th year, freezing later;
6. pruning: retain 4-5 the base portion branch evenly stretched to surrounding and make major branch, major branch has side shoot, on side shoot give birth to fruit-bearing shoot cluster, about height of tree 3.0m, selected 4 ~ 5 base portion branches to do major branch in the 1st year, carry out cutting back, all the other branches are dredged out; 2nd year to the 3rd year, light cutting back is carried out to the raw branch of the major branch selected and remain and side; Within 4th year, namely form plexi shape tree crown, note removing descendant in time.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (4)
middle planting density is seeding row spacing 2.5m × 3m.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (4)
the method of middle backfill is soil of first filling in a form during backfill, applies fertilizer 10kg simultaneously, and puddles even with table soil, finally inserts subsoil, if subsoil is sticky heavy, stone is more, can without subsoil, and gets and show soil in the ranks, until filled up by planting pit.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described fertilizer is fowl and animal excrement: the peat composed of rotten mosses: seaweeds forms according to the proportional arrangement of 20:15:7.
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| CN105993526A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-10-12 | 临沂真源观光农业科技有限公司 | Interplanting method for Corylus heterophylla*Corylus avellana and pony for oil |
| CN106472209A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-03-08 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of lifting Flos Bombacis Malabarici matter |
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| CN110972793A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 甘肃兴丰农林科技有限责任公司 | Hazelnut early fruit high-yield method |
| CN115362872A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2022-11-22 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Mixed afforestation method for big-fruit hazelnuts and black walnuts in arid regions |
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| CN106472209A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-03-08 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of lifting Flos Bombacis Malabarici matter |
| CN108243812A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-06 | 丹东农业科学院 | The flat Europe hybridization fibert cultivation management method in the north |
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| CN110972793A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 甘肃兴丰农林科技有限责任公司 | Hazelnut early fruit high-yield method |
| CN115362872A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2022-11-22 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Mixed afforestation method for big-fruit hazelnuts and black walnuts in arid regions |
| CN116267381A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-06-23 | 甘肃兴丰农林科技有限责任公司 | Planting method of corylus heterophylla seedlings |
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