CN110268912A - A kind of hazel tree high-yield planting technology method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of planting methods of hazelnut trees, specifically a high-yield planting method of hazelnut trees, comprising the following steps: climate→seedling cultivation→shaping→fertilization→plant protection→shaping→topdressing→pest control→water control and fruit preservation→harvesting Garden → Pruning → Fertilization → Harvesting → Processing; S1. Climate: Before planting hazelnut trees, the temperature is selected to be around 7.0 to 13.5 degrees, and the number of sunshine per year is more than 2000 hours; S2. Seedlings: Grafting with improved seeds Seedlings are grafted by split grafting and improved cutting grafting; hazelnut trees are tropical and subtropical high-end economic crops with strong adaptability. The high-yield planting method of hazelnut tree, through climate→seedling cultivation→shaping→fertilization→plant protection→shaping→topdressing→pest control→water control and fruit protection, the whole process can ensure that the new variety of hazelnut tree has drought resistance, and the tree grows fast and survives. High yield, beautiful shape, huge fruit body, containing protein, vitamins and various minerals.

Description

A technical method for high-yield planting of hazelnut trees

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting methods of hazelnut trees, in particular to a technical method for high-yield planting of hazelnut trees.

Background technique

Hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, and cashews are known as the "four major nuts in the world". Their common feature is that they have a hard shell, which contains oily edible fruits, and have high nutritional value. They can be planted in the Ministry of Finance of our country .

Hazelnut belongs to the Betaceae Corylus plant, and there are 8 species and two varieties of Corylus plants in my country. Among them, flat hazel wild resources are the most widely distributed, and the development of hazel tree cultivation in my country has a history of nearly a hundred years. However, due to the shortcomings of lack of domestication, extensive planting and low harvest, slow growth rate, low survival rate, general shape and small fruit body, the high-yield planting methods of hazelnut trees still need to be studied.

Contents of the invention

(1) Solved technical problems

Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-yield planting method for hazelnut trees, which has the advantages of fast growth, high survival rate, beautiful shape, and large fruit body, and solves the problems of lack of domestication, wide planting and low harvest, slow growth, and survival. Low yield, general shape and small fruit body and other shortcomings.

(2) Technical solution

In order to achieve the purpose mentioned in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-yield planting method for hazelnut trees, comprising the following steps: climate → seedling cultivation → shaping → fertilizer use → plant protection → shaping → topdressing → pest control → control Water conservation and fruit→harvesting→pruning→fertilization→harvesting→processing;

S1. Climate: Before planting hazelnut trees, the temperature should be around 7.0 to 13.5 degrees, and the number of sunshine per year should be more than 2000 hours; It is still relatively low, so we need to meet its requirements for sunlight to avoid adverse effects. This plant has relatively high requirements for soil, and it is not suitable for dry soil, heavy soil or low-lying soil. Planting, nuts are more cold-resistant, young trees can tolerate low temperatures of -4°C, and remain intact during frosty days; adult trees can withstand short-term low temperatures of -6°C;

S2. Seedling cultivation: Grafting seedlings of good varieties, grafting with split grafting and improved cutting grafting; hazelnut trees are planted with seedlings except seedlings for seed selection or garden ornamental, commercial production is all kind of grafted seedlings and cutting seedlings of fine varieties, The wood of the hazelnut tree is hard, and it is more difficult to graft than other fruit trees; the main grafting methods are split grafting and improved cutting grafting, and the cutting seedlings have problems such as low planting survival rate and poor stress resistance during the production process. At present, cutting seedlings are generally not used for commercial production;

S3. Shaping: Hazelnut tree is a high-end economic crop in the tropics and subtropics, and has strong adaptability. The soil is selected in the northern slopes, terraces or flats where the altitude is 750 meters and the terrain is relatively gentle. The soil layer is deep and rich. Contains organic matter, PH value is 6.0, well-drained, and has irrigation conditions in dry season when water is scarce;

S4. Fertilizer: mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic compound fertilizer, (such as: black manure, biological fertilizer), the fertilization site is near the drip line of the tree crown, fertilization by ditching, deep ditching of organic fertilizer, and deep application of inorganic compound fertilizer. Ditch and shallow cover with mixed fertilizer; young hazel garden (3-5 years old) 2-3 kg per plant; 6-9 years old, 6-7 kg per plant, 10 years old and above, 8-10 kg per plant;

S5. Plant protection: pruning the hazelnut trees, conical-headed and semi-round-headed arborists with high yields 3 to 4 years after the seedlings are planted, the trunk height is reasonable, the number of main branches is appropriate, the seed distribution is even, the branches grow robustly, and the tree shape is compact , which is favorable for flowering and fruiting, the trunks should be painted white, and the trunks of nut trees should be painted white in autumn and winter from October to November to prevent young trees from sunburn and nut-boring bat moths;

S6. Shaping: Control the balance of tree vigor: Prune the strong branches with less short cuts and appropriate thinning methods to ease the growth potential and reduce the number of short cuts. Growth potential;

Guaranteed robust tree vigor: Hazel trees are different from other fruit trees in that they require strong long branches to bear fruit. The amount of flowers on the branches is proportional to the length of the branches. The longer the branches grow, the greater the amount of flowers. The ideal branch length is 40-80m. Therefore, In pruning, appropriate short cuts are made to promote the growth of a certain number of long branches to form fruiting mother branches to ensure high yields year after year;

S7. Topdressing: Hazelnut trees are topdressed 1-2 times a year. The first time is from late May to early June. Since early June to early and mid-July is the period of rapid development of nuts and the beginning of flower bud differentiation, topdressing during this period is extremely important for the growth and development of hazelnut fruit, flower bud differentiation, and branch enrichment;

S8. Pest control: When diseased plants are found, diseased branches and diseased leaves should be eliminated in time. If it is a central diseased plant, all of them should be cut off to reduce the source of disease. For over-dense clusters, appropriate thinning or thinning can be done to improve ventilation. , Light-transmitting conditions, enhance the anti-merge ability of the tree body, completely remove fallen leaves in autumn and winter, and from early May to early June, spray 800-1000 times of 20% trifilone (Fenxining) EC on hazel trees, 10-15 Spray once a day, spray 2-3 times, or spray 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid, all can achieve good results;

S9. Water control and fruit protection: keep the trunk and root humidity, combine watering, spraying, and drip irrigation, and spray from time to time. When young leaves wilt and mature leaf tips lose their luster, it is a sign of water shortage, and watering should be done in time.

Preferably, an appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers can also be added to the S4 at the same time.

Preferably, the formula of the whitening agent in S5 is: 0.25kg of lime sulfur mixture stock solution, 0.25kg of salt, 1.5kg of quicklime, appropriate amount of oil, and 5kg of water. into lime milk, then pour in the lime sulfur solution and brine, and stir thoroughly.

Preferably, in said S7, fertilizer can also be sprayed on the leaves according to the needs of tree growth and development.

(3) Beneficial effects

Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a high-yield planting method of hazelnut trees, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. The high-yield planting method of hazelnut trees, through the climate→seedling cultivation→shaping→fertilization→plant protection→shaping→topdressing→pest control→water control and fruit protection, the whole process can ensure that the new hazelnut tree has the ability to resist drought and the tree grows fast , high survival rate, beautiful shape, huge fruit body, containing protein, vitamins and various minerals.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment one:

This embodiment provides a solution, a high-yield planting method for hazelnut trees, which includes the following steps: climate → seedling cultivation → shaping → fertilizer application → plant protection → shaping → top dressing → pest control → water control and fruit preservation → harvesting → pruning → application Promoting fat → harvesting → processing;

S1. Climate: Before planting hazelnut trees, the temperature should be around 7.0 to 13.5 degrees, and the number of sunshine per year should be more than 2000 hours; It is still relatively low, so we need to meet its requirements for sunlight to avoid adverse effects. This plant has relatively high requirements for soil, and it is not suitable for dry soil, heavy soil or low-lying soil. Planting, nuts are more cold-resistant, young trees can tolerate low temperatures of -4°C, and remain intact during frosty days; adult trees can withstand short-term low temperatures of -6°C;

S2. Seedling cultivation: Grafting seedlings of good varieties, grafting with split grafting and improved cutting grafting; hazelnut trees are planted with seedlings except seedlings for seed selection or garden ornamental, commercial production is all kind of grafted seedlings and cutting seedlings of fine varieties, The wood of the hazelnut tree is hard, and it is more difficult to graft than other fruit trees; the main grafting methods are split grafting and improved cutting grafting, and the cutting seedlings have problems such as low planting survival rate and poor stress resistance during the production process. At present, cutting seedlings are generally not used for commercial production;

S3. Shaping: Hazelnut tree is a high-end economic crop in the tropics and subtropics, and has strong adaptability. The soil is selected in the northern slopes, terraces or flats where the altitude is 750 meters and the terrain is relatively gentle. The soil layer is deep and rich. Contains organic matter, PH value is 6.0, well-drained, and has irrigation conditions in dry season when water is scarce;

S4. Fertilizer: mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic compound fertilizer, (such as: black manure, biological fertilizer), the fertilization site is near the drip line of the tree crown, fertilization with ditching, deep ditching for organic fertilizer, and deep application of inorganic compound fertilizer. Ditch and shallow cover with mixed fertilizer; young hazel garden (3-5 years old) 2-3 kg per plant; 6-9 years old, 6-7 kg per plant, 10 years old and above, 8-10 kg per plant;

S5. Plant protection: pruning the hazelnut trees, conical-headed and semi-round-headed arborists with high yields 3 to 4 years after the seedlings are planted, the trunk height is reasonable, the number of main branches is appropriate, the seed distribution is even, the branches grow robustly, and the tree shape is compact , which is favorable for flowering and fruiting, the trunks should be painted white, and the trunks of nut trees should be painted white in autumn and winter from October to November to prevent young trees from sunburn and nut-boring bat moths;

S6. Shaping: Control the balance of tree vigor: Take less pruning and appropriate pruning methods for strong branches to ease the growth vigor. Reduce the number of short cuts, and the number of remaining fruiting mother branches will increase relatively, and the growth potential of the main branch can be slowed down by the yield;

Ensuring a Strong Tree: Hazels, unlike other fruit trees, require strong, long shoots. The amount of flowers on the branches is directly proportional to the length of the branches. The longer the branches grow, the greater the amount of flowers. The ideal branch length is 40-80m. Therefore, moderate short cuts in pruning can promote the growth of a certain number of long branches to form fruiting mother branches to ensure high yields year after year;

S7. Topdressing: Hazelnut trees are topdressed 1-2 times a year. The first time is from late May to early June. Since early June to early and mid-July is the period of rapid development of nuts and the beginning of flower bud differentiation, topdressing during this period is extremely important for the growth and development of hazelnut fruit, flower bud differentiation, and branch enrichment;

S8. Pest control: When diseased plants are found, diseased branches and diseased leaves should be eliminated in time. If it is a central diseased plant, all of them should be cut off to reduce the source of disease. For over-dense clusters, appropriate thinning or thinning can be done to improve ventilation. , Light-transmitting conditions, enhance the anti-merge ability of the tree body, completely remove fallen leaves in autumn and winter, and from early May to early June, spray 800-1000 times of 20% trifilone (Fenxining) EC on hazel trees, 10-15 Spray once a day, spray 2-3 times, or spray 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid, all can achieve good results;

S9. Water control and fruit protection: keep the trunk and root humidity, combine watering, spraying, and drip irrigation, and spray from time to time. When young leaves wilt and mature leaf tips lose their luster, it is a sign of water shortage, and watering should be done in time.

Embodiment two:

On the basis of Example 1, this example provides a solution, in which an appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer can also be added to S4 at the same time, which can supplement the nutrients needed for plant growth.

Embodiment three:

On the basis of Example 1, this example provides a solution. The formula of the whitening agent in S5 is: 0.25 kg of lime sulfur stock solution, 0.25 kg of common salt, 1.5 kg of quicklime, appropriate amount of oil, and 5 kg of water. Preparation method: ripen quicklime with water, add oil and stir, add water to make lime milk, then pour lime sulfur mixture stock solution and salt water, stir well and serve. Provide whitening agent formula to effectively protect hazelnut trees and prevent young trees Sunburn and nut-boring bat moths.

Embodiment four:

On the basis of Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a solution. In S7, fertilizer can also be sprayed on the leaves according to the needs of tree growth and development.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The high-yield planting method of hazelnut tree, through climate→seedling cultivation→shaping→fertilization→plant protection→shaping→topdressing→pest control→water control and fruit protection, the whole process can ensure that the new variety of hazelnut tree has drought resistance, and the tree grows fast and survives. High yield, beautiful shape, huge fruit body, containing protein, vitamins and various minerals.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (4)

1. A technical method for high-yield planting of hazelnut trees, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: climate→seedling cultivation→shaping→fertilizer→plant protection→shaping→topdressing→pest control→water control→fruit conservation→harvesting→pruning→stimulating slightly Fertilizer→harvesting→processing; S1. Climate: Before planting hazelnut trees, the temperature should be around 7.0 to 13.5 degrees, and the number of sunshine per year should be more than 2000 hours; S2, raising seedlings: grafting seedlings with improved varieties, grafting with the split grafting method and the improved cutting grafting method; S3. Shaping: Hazelnut tree is a high-end economic crop in the tropics and subtropics, and has strong adaptability. The soil is selected in the northern slopes, terraces or flats where the altitude is 750 meters and the terrain is relatively gentle. The soil layer is deep and rich. Contains organic matter, PH value is 6.0, well-drained, and has irrigation conditions in dry season when water is scarce; S4. Fertilizer: mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic compound fertilizer, (such as: black manure, biological fertilizer), the fertilization site is near the drip line of the tree crown, fertilization with ditching, deep ditching for organic fertilizer, and deep application of inorganic compound fertilizer. Mixed fertilizers are used for ditching and shallow covering; S5. Plant protection: pruning the hazelnut trees, conical-headed and semi-round-headed arborists with high yields 3 to 4 years after the seedlings are planted, the trunk height is reasonable, the number of main branches is appropriate, the seed distribution is even, the branches grow robustly, and the tree shape is compact , which is favorable for flowering and fruiting, the trunks should be painted white, and the trunks of nut trees should be painted white in autumn and winter from October to November to prevent young trees from sunburn and nut-boring bat moths; S6. Shaping: Control the balance of tree vigor: Prune the strong branches with less short cuts and appropriate thinning methods to ease the growth potential and reduce the number of short cuts. Growth potential; Guaranteed robust tree vigor: Hazel trees are different from other fruit trees in that they need strong long branches to bear fruit. The amount of flowers on the branches is proportional to the length of the branches. The longer the branches grow, the greater the amount of flowers. The ideal branch length is 40-80m. Therefore, In pruning, appropriate short cuts are made to promote the growth of a certain number of long branches to form fruiting mother branches to ensure high yields year after year; S7. Topdressing: Hazelnut trees are topdressed 1-2 times a year. The first time is from late May to early June. Because the period from early June to early and mid-July is the period when nuts develop rapidly and flower buds start to differentiate; S8. Pest control: When diseased plants are found, diseased branches and diseased leaves should be eliminated in time. If it is a central diseased plant, all of them should be cut off to reduce the source of disease. For over-dense clusters, appropriate thinning or thinning can be done to improve ventilation. , Light-transmitting conditions, enhance the anti-merge ability of the tree body, completely remove fallen leaves in autumn and winter, and from early May to early June, spray 800-1000 times of 20% trifilone (Fenxining) EC on hazel trees, 10-15 Spray once a day, spray 2-3 times, or spray 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid, all can achieve good results; S9. Water control and fruit protection: keep the trunk and root humidity, combine watering, spraying, and drip irrigation, and spray from time to time. When young leaves wilt and mature leaf tips lose their luster, it is a sign of water shortage, and watering should be done in time. 2. a kind of hazelnut tree high-yield planting technique method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, can also add an amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer simultaneously in described S4. 3. The high-yield planting method of hazelnut tree according to claim 1, characterized in that, the formula of the whitening agent in the S5 is: 0.25kg of lime sulfur stock solution, 0.25kg of salt, 1.5kg of quicklime, oil Appropriate amount, 5kg of water, preparation method: add quicklime with water to mature, add oil and stir, add water to make lime milk, then pour in lime sulfur mixture stock solution and brine, and stir well. 4. A kind of hazelnut tree high-yield planting technique method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described S7, also can spray fertilizer on foliage according to the needs of tree body growth and development.