CN103931452A - Filbert high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents
Filbert high-yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103931452A CN103931452A CN201310024395.4A CN201310024395A CN103931452A CN 103931452 A CN103931452 A CN 103931452A CN 201310024395 A CN201310024395 A CN 201310024395A CN 103931452 A CN103931452 A CN 103931452A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a filbert high-yield cultivation method, in particular to a novel cultivation technology capable of promoting the high yield of filberts. According to the cultivation method, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in the flowering stage of the filberts; foliar fertilizers are additionally applied in the fertilization stage; S-ABA is sprayed in the fruit mature stage; chlormequat chloride is applied in the root sucker peak stage; with the combination of the pest control technology, the yield level of the filberts is improved. The filberts processed in the method are good in nut quality, the wormy fruit rate is lowered, and the yield of the filberts is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fibert high-yield cultivating method, specifically a kind of new culture technique that can promote fibert high yield.
background technology
Corylus in corylaceae (
corylacea), Corylus (
corylusl.) plant, is woody grain and oil plant seeds, one of large nut in the Ye Shi world four (almond, walnut, fibert, cashew nut).The cultivation value of fibert is very high, and it is rich in several mineral materials and vitamin, also contains oleic acid, linoleic acid in hazelnut oil, and fibert nature and flavor are sweet flat, have and strengthen the spleen and stomach, and nourish qi and blood, the effects such as improving eyesight.Normal food fibert has appetizing, step-down, anticancer, the effect of promoting longevity, improve looks, keeping healthy.Now, fibert is extensively utilized in edible, health care, aspect medical.The suitable development fibert cultivating and growing of suiting measures to local conditions in the Northeast of China for development of special economy, increasing farmers' income has important practical significance.Flat hazel (
corylus heterophylla) splendid because of its cold resistance, distribute wide, aboundresources, strong adaptability, unique taste of fruit is very popular.But low yield, low income problem are quite extensive, and become increasingly conspicuous, and have seriously hindered the sustainable development of northeast fibert industry.Application fibert high-yield culture technique is for improving its yield level, and promoting fibert industry to develop in a healthy way has important using value.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of fibert high-yield cultivating method that kernel quality is good, wormed fruit rate is low, output is high that makes fibert.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
This fibert high-yield cultivating method, that the root turion that tree body grows is removed in not timing in fibert process of growth, and the peak period of the tree body root turion growth July 1 to July 10, adopt the chlormequat aqueous solution that concentration is 0.2%~0.3% to spray processing to tree body base portion, drip downwards as degree to set external skin.
In the receptive period of fibert, select the morning of fine day or at dusk fibert complete stool sprayed to foliage fertilizer, drip as degree taking blade, described foliage fertilizer is containing 0.2~0.4% boric acid, 0.3~0.6% urea and 0.3~0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Between May 10 to May 25, complete stool is carried out to insecticide and spray processing, drip as degree taking blade, 7~10 days, interval, then spray once, spray altogether twice; In described insecticide, the concentration of D-M mixture is 0.12%-0.2%, and the concentration of the super wetting liquor of Dow Corning Q2-5211 is 0.001%~0.002%.
At the influx time of fibert fruit, the S-abscisic acid of employing 0.006~0.01% carries out spraying processing twice to fruit bunch, and spraying the time interval for twice is one week, and sprayed dose drips as degree taking blade.
Adopt the mode of artificial supplementary pollination to improve the fruit-setting rate of fibert flowering stage at fibert, concrete way: 17-23 days before fibert is bloomed, gathering fibert male flower branch takes back indoor, indoor temperature is not less than 20 DEG C, insert in clear water branch bottom, carries out flower forcing processing, after male flower loose powder, collect pollen and put 4 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages, then in fibert full-bloom stage, the pollen of collection and starch 1:5 are carried out to supplementary pollination processing with dry powder sprayer to female inflorescence.
Described concrete steps are as follows:
First, adopt the mode of artificial supplementary pollination to improve the fruit-setting rate of fibert flowering stage at fibert, concrete way: 17-23 days before fibert is bloomed, collection fibert male flower branch is taken back indoor, indoor temperature 20-25 DEG C, and insert in clear water branch bottom, carry out flower forcing processing, after male flower loose powder, collect pollen and put 4 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages, then in fibert full-bloom stage, the pollen of collection and starch 1:5 are carried out to supplementary pollination processing with dry powder sprayer to female inflorescence;
Secondly, May 10 to May 25, adopt insecticide to spray processing to complete stool, drip as degree taking blade, 10 days, interval, then spray once, spray altogether twice, to control the harm of larva to fibert fruit, in insecticide, the concentration of D-M mixture is 0.12%-0.2%, and the concentration of the super wetting liquor of Dow Corning Q2-5211 is 0.001%~0.002%;
Again, in the receptive period of fibert, select spray foliage fertilizer to fibert complete stool the morning of fine day, drip as degree taking blade, described foliage fertilizer is containing 0.2-0.4% boric acid, 0.3-0.6% urea and 0.3-0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
Again, in fibert process of growth, the root turion that tree body grows is removed in not timing, and the peak period of the tree body root turion growth July 1 to July 10, adopt the chlormequat aqueous solution that concentration is 0.2-0.3% to spray processing to tree body base portion, drip downwards as degree to set external skin;
Finally, the influx time of fibert fruit, adopts the S-abscisic acid of 0.006-0.01% to carry out spraying processing twice to fruit bunch, drips as degree taking blade, sprays interval for twice one week.
Described optimization procedure is as follows:
First, adopt the mode of artificial supplementary pollination to improve the fruit-setting rate of fibert flowering stage at fibert, specifically do
Method: before fibert is bloomed 20 days, gathering fibert male flower branch takes back indoor, 20 DEG C of indoor temperatures, insert in clear water branch bottom, carries out flower forcing processing, after male flower loose powder, collect pollen and put 4 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages, then in fibert full-bloom stage, April 20, the pollen of collection and starch 1:5 are carried out to supplementary pollination processing with dry powder sprayer to female inflorescence;
Secondly, May 15, adopt insecticide to spray processing to complete stool, drip as degree taking blade, 10 days, interval, then spray once, spray altogether twice, to control the harm of larva to fibert fruit, in insecticide, the concentration of D-M mixture is that the concentration of the super wetting liquor of 0.15%, Dow Corning Q2-5211 is 0.001%.
Again, June 20, select spray foliage fertilizer to fibert complete stool the morning of fine day, drip as degree taking blade, described foliage fertilizer is containing 0.3% boric acid, 0.4% urea and 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
Again, in fibert process of growth, the root turion that tree body grows is removed in not timing, and in the peak period of tree body root turion growth on July 5, adopts the chlormequat aqueous solution that concentration is 0.2% to spray processing to tree body base portion, drips downwards as degree to set external skin;
Finally, July 20, the S-abscisic acid of employing 0.01% carried out respectively spraying processing twice to fruit bunch, dripped as degree taking blade.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. the high-yield planting that the present invention is fibert provides new direction, in the application not to fibert plantation soil, cultivate method and germplasm etc. and limit, but select the fibert of present natural environment growth, by meticulous horticultural gardening technical measures increasing both production and income.
2. after the method described in the application is processed, kernel quality is good, and wormed fruit rate declines, and the output of fibert improves.
Embodiment
The present invention is mainly to provide a kind of fibert high-yield cultivating method, and this technology is through experimental examination, respond well.Adopt artificial supplementary pollination the flowering stage of fibert; Enrich foliage fertilizer in receptive period; Spray S-abscisic acid in fruit influx time; Spray chlormequat in root turion peak period; In conjunction with pest control technology, improve the yield level of fibert.
The method comprises:
1. fibert adopts the mode of artificial supplementary pollination to improve the fruit-setting rate of fibert flowering stage.Before fibert is bloomed about 20 days (17-23 days), March 28, to April 2, gathered fibert male flower branch and takes back indoor, indoor temperature is not less than 20 DEG C, and preferably 20-25 DEG C inserts branch bottom in clear water, carry out flower forcing processing, after male flower loose powder, collect pollen and put 4 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages; Then in fibert full-bloom stage, i.e. 15 to 25 April, the pollen of collection and starch are carried out to supplementary pollination processing with dry powder sprayer to female inflorescence with the ratio of 1:5;
2. carry out pest control.Hazelnut curculionid is one of primary pest of harm fibert fruit, pest control was carried out between May 25 May 10, utilize 60%D-M mixture (Huludao City reach the clouds pesticide chemical Co., Ltd of group) and the super wetting liquor of Dow Corning Q2-5211 (Gutian, Nanjing Chemical Co., Ltd.) to be dissolved in water preparation insecticide, in insecticide, the concentration of D-M mixture is 0.12%-0.2%, the concentration of the super wetting liquor of Dow Corning Q2-5211 is 0.001%~0.002%, complete stool is sprayed to processing, 7~10 days intervals, coprocessing 2 times, to control the harm of larva to fibert fruit.Sprayed dose drips as standard taking blade.
3. fibert receptive period carry out foliage spray promote fruit enrich.Fibert exists obvious delay insemination phenomenon, and female flower to complete fertilization be the substantial prerequisite of fibert kind benevolence.In the receptive period of fibert (Sheng is spent latter 60 days), be on June 15 to 25, select the morning of fine day or at dusk fibert complete stool sprayed to foliage fertilizer.Its concrete steps are for to be dissolved in boric acid, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate in clear water, the concentration of last foliage fertilizer is 0.2%~0.4% boric acid, 0.3%~0.6% urea and 0.3%~0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in morning of fine day or at dusk complete stool spray, sprayed dose drips as standard taking blade.
4. suppress the growing way of fibert root turion.The root turion that tree body base portion grows is removed in not timing, and in the peak period of root turion growth, it is early July (July 1 was to July 10), adopt 0.2%~0.3% chlormequat CCC(Zhengzhou agriculture to reach biochemical group company to tree body base portion) the aqueous solution spray processing, outwards drip as degree to set external skin, to control root turion growing way, promote three-dimensional result;
5. spraying S-abscisic acid in the influx time of fibert fruit (after Sheng is spent 80 ~ 90 days, plant benevolence and increasing gradually in shell) promotes kind of benevolence to enrich.July 10 between July 20, adopt 0.006%~0.01% S-abscisic acid (LongMang Fusheng Technology Co., Ltd, Sichuan) to carry out spraying processing twice to fruit bunch, promote assimilation products to the transhipment in fruit, to improve fibert kind benevolence weight;
Above-mentioned fibert high-yield cultivating method is applicable to any fibert kind, comprises the fibert of wild and cultivated, as flat hazel, flat Europe hybridization hazel new varieties Bell's, beautiful pendant, flat-top Huang etc.
embodiment 1:
Tested in 2011 and carry out.With the flat hazel of Shanmen, Siping, Jilin Province town artificial cultivation (
corylusheterophyllafisch) be examination material.Age of tree life in 10 years, plant height 1.8~2.5m, seeding row spacing is about 2 m × 3 m.In area, Siping, the flat hazel germplasm in this test about April 20 left and right male and female inflorescence simultaneously open, about August 20, start to enter ripe picking time.
1 day April of 2011, gather with the branch of male inflorescence, that puts 22 DEG C indoorly carries out flower forcing processing, and collects pollen and refrigerate in cold compartment of refrigerator; Then April 20, the pollen of collection and starch are carried out to supplementary pollination processing with dry powder sprayer, wherein the ratio of pollen and starch is 1:5;
21 days Mays of 2011, adopting D-M concentration in insecticide is that the super fountain solution agent concentration of 0.15% Dow Corning Q2-5211 is 0.001%, and complete stool is sprayed to processing for the first time, drips as degree taking blade, after 10 days intervals, spray for the second time processing;
The morning 15 day June of 2011, spray foliage fertilizer 1 time.In foliage fertilizer containing 0.4% urea, 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% boric acid, in morning complete stool spray, drip as degree taking blade;
Annual remove at any time the new root turion of sprouting of hazel, and the July 6 of 2011, tree body base portion is sprayed to 0.2% chlormequat CCC to control root turion growth, promote three-dimensional result;
10 days July of 2011 and July 17, the S-abscisic acid of employing 0.01% sprays processing to fruit bunch, promotes nutriment to transport to fruit, to improve fibert kind benevolence weight.
Result fibert per unit area yield has improved more than 100% than wild Zhen Yuan, and wormed fruit rate also 63.7% is reduced to 11.4% of test region by what contrast, and concrete outcome sees the following form 1.
Table 1
Note: in same column, same letter represents that Deng Kenshi duncan's new multiple range method inspection difference in 0.05 level is not remarkable.Percentage data carries out significance analysis after arcsine conversion.Lower same.
embodiment 2:
Tested in 2011 and 2012 and carry out 2 years.Taking the wild hazel coppice in Ye He town, Tiedong District, inthe Shanmen area, Siping, Jilin province city as examination material.The flat hazel germplasm of using in this research about April 25 left and right male and female inflorescence simultaneously open, about August 30, start to enter ripe picking time.
1 day~April 10 April of 2011, the branch of selecting and remain many, the hazel of plant height 1.5~2.0m, remove root turion seedling and other seedling of its periphery, keep hazel row seeding row spacing to be about 1.5 m × 2.0m.
28 days March of 2011 and 2012, flower forcing processing is carried out in the indoor of the branch collection to 25 with male flower DEG C, and collect pollen and refrigerate in cold compartment of refrigerator; Then April 25, the pollen of collection and starch are carried out to supplementary pollination processing with dry powder sprayer, wherein the ratio of pollen and starch is 1:5.
Carry out insect-prevention treatment afternoon 15 day May of 2011 and 2012.The D-M concentration adopting in insecticide is 0.2%, the concentration of the super wetting liquor of Dow Corning Q2-5211 (Gutian, Nanjing Chemical Co., Ltd.) is 0.002%, and complete stool is sprayed to processing for the first time, drips as degree taking blade, after 10 days intervals, spray for the second time processing.
Morning 15 day June of 2011 and 2012, spray foliage fertilizer 1-2 time.Foliage fertilizer, containing 0.5% urea, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.35% boric acid, carries out complete stool and sprays processing, drips as degree taking blade.
The annual new root turion of sprouting of hazel of removing at any time.And the July 10 of 2011 and 2012, hazel tree body rhizome base portion is sprayed to 0.3% chlormequat CCC to control the growth of fibert root turion.
July in 2011 and 2,012 16, the S-abscisic acid of employing 0.008% sprays processing to fruit family, to improve fibert kind benevolence weight.
Hazel garden per unit area yield significantly improves, and hazel garden fruit character of fruitage is as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2
These 5 steps are all conducive to the growth of ultimate output.Use and produce effect separately, be combined result of use better, adopt these 5 step effects best simultaneously.Wherein, step 1 is mainly used in improving fruit-setting rate; Step 5 is mainly used in the control of insect pest; Step 2,3 Main Functions are and promote enriching of kind of benevolence, and step 4 is conducive to suppress root turion growth, is conducive to nutriment and transports to fruit;
To the fibert high-yield cultivating method described in the application be further described by embodiment below, but be to be understood that, embodiment is explanation and the illustration to the application just, instead of restriction to the application's method, those skilled in the art can be on the application's basis, the method to the application and step wherein or parameter
Change or modify.
Claims (7)
1. a fibert high-yield cultivating method, it is characterized in that: in fibert process of growth, the root turion that tree body grows is removed in not timing, and the peak period of the tree body root turion growth July 1 to July 10, adopt the chlormequat aqueous solution that concentration is 0.2%~0.3% to spray processing to tree body base portion, drip downwards as degree to set external skin.
2. a kind of fibert high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the receptive period of fibert, select the morning of fine day or at dusk fibert complete stool sprayed to foliage fertilizer, drip as degree taking blade, described foliage fertilizer is containing 0.2~0.4% boric acid, 0.3~0.6% urea and 0.3~0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
3. a kind of fibert high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: between May 10 to May 25, complete stool carried out to insecticide and sprays processing, drip as degree taking blade, and 7~10 days, interval, then spray once, spray altogether twice; In described insecticide, the concentration of D-M mixture is 0.12%-0.2%, and the concentration of the super wetting liquor of Dow Corning Q2-5211 is 0.001%~0.002%.
4. a kind of fibert high-yield cultivating method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: at the influx time of fibert fruit, the S-abscisic acid of employing 0.006~0.01% carries out spraying processing twice to fruit bunch, and spraying the time interval for twice is one week, and sprayed dose drips as degree taking blade.
5. according to a kind of fibert high-yield cultivating method described in claim 1 or 2 or 4, it is characterized in that: adopt the mode of artificial supplementary pollination to improve the fruit-setting rate of fibert flowering stage at fibert, concrete way: 17-23 days before fibert is bloomed, gathering fibert male flower branch takes back indoor, indoor temperature is not less than 20 DEG C, insert in clear water branch bottom, carry out flower forcing processing, after male flower loose powder, collect pollen and put 4 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages, then in fibert full-bloom stage, the pollen of collection and starch 1:5 are carried out to supplementary pollination processing with dry powder sprayer to female inflorescence.
6. a kind of fibert high-yield cultivating method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described concrete steps are as follows:
First, adopt the mode of artificial supplementary pollination to improve the fruit-setting rate of fibert flowering stage at fibert, concrete way: 17-23 days before fibert is bloomed, collection fibert male flower branch is taken back indoor, indoor temperature 20-25 DEG C, and insert in clear water branch bottom, carry out flower forcing processing, after male flower loose powder, collect pollen and put 4 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages, then in fibert full-bloom stage, the pollen of collection and starch 1:5 are carried out to supplementary pollination processing with dry powder sprayer to female inflorescence;
Secondly, May 10 to May 25, adopt insecticide to spray processing to complete stool, drip as degree taking blade, 10 days, interval, then spray once, spray altogether twice, to control the harm of larva to fibert fruit, in insecticide, the concentration of D-M mixture is 0.12%-0.2%, and the concentration of the super wetting liquor of Dow Corning Q2-5211 is 0.001%~0.002%;
Again, in the receptive period of fibert, select spray foliage fertilizer to fibert complete stool the morning of fine day, drip as degree taking blade, described foliage fertilizer is containing 0.2-0.4% boric acid, 0.3-0.6% urea and 0.3-0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
Again, in fibert process of growth, the root turion that tree body grows is removed in not timing, and the peak period of the tree body root turion growth July 1 to July 10, adopt the chlormequat aqueous solution that concentration is 0.2-0.3% to spray processing to tree body base portion, drip downwards as degree to set external skin;
Finally, the influx time of fibert fruit, adopts the S-abscisic acid of 0.006-0.01% to carry out spraying processing twice to fruit bunch, drips as degree taking blade, sprays interval for twice one week.
7. a kind of fibert high-yield cultivating method according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described optimization procedure is as follows:
First, adopt flowering stage the mode of artificial supplementary pollination to improve the fruit-setting rate of fibert, concrete way at fibert: before fibert is bloomed 20 days, to gather fibert male flower branch and take back indoor, 20 DEG C of indoor temperatures, insert in clear water branch bottom, carries out flower forcing processing, after male flower loose powder, collect pollen and put 4 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages, then in fibert full-bloom stage, April 20, the pollen of collection and starch 1:5 are carried out to supplementary pollination processing with dry powder sprayer to female inflorescence;
Secondly, May 15, adopt insecticide to spray processing to complete stool, drip as degree taking blade, 10 days, interval, then spray once, spray altogether twice, to control the harm of larva to fibert fruit, in insecticide, the concentration of D-M mixture is that the concentration of the super wetting liquor of 0.15%, Dow Corning Q2-5211 is 0.001%;
Again, June 20, select spray foliage fertilizer to fibert complete stool the morning of fine day, drip as degree taking blade, described foliage fertilizer is containing 0.3% boric acid, 0.4% urea and 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
Again, in fibert process of growth, the root turion that tree body grows is removed in not timing, and in the peak period of tree body root turion growth on July 5, adopts the chlormequat aqueous solution that concentration is 0.2% to spray processing to tree body base portion, drips downwards as degree to set external skin;
Finally, July 20, the S-abscisic acid of employing 0.01% carried out respectively spraying processing twice to fruit bunch, dripped as degree taking blade.
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CN105123225A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-09 | 临沂真源观光农业科技有限公司 | Method for raising seedlings of hybrid hazelnuts by cutting |
CN105165521A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-12-23 | 临沂真源观光农业科技有限公司 | Corylus heterophylla highyield cultivation method |
CN105918063A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-09-07 | 王立芹 | Interplanting method of Ping'ou hybrid hazels, peanuts and golden thread |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105165521A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-12-23 | 临沂真源观光农业科技有限公司 | Corylus heterophylla highyield cultivation method |
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CN105918063A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-09-07 | 王立芹 | Interplanting method of Ping'ou hybrid hazels, peanuts and golden thread |
CN105918063B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2018-09-18 | 王立芹 | A kind of interplanting method of flat Europe hybrid hazel and peanut and the coptis |
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