CN109349021B - Pollination method for improving fruit setting rate of muskmelon - Google Patents
Pollination method for improving fruit setting rate of muskmelon Download PDFInfo
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of muskmelon, belonging to the technical field of agricultural product production. The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon comprises the following steps: step 1: sowing, seedling raising, soil preparation and field planting; step 2: managing fertilizer and water; and step 3: preparing a plant growth regulator; and 4, step 4: pollinating; and 5: selecting and reserving melons; step 6: and (4) spraying a foliar fertilizer. The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon can improve the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon in the greenhouse in early spring, increase the yield of the muskmelon cultivated in the greenhouse in early spring, solve the problem of poor taste and flavor of fruits caused by pollination by using forchlorfenuron alone and improve the quality of the muskmelon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of muskmelon, belonging to the technical field of agricultural product production.
Background
The melon is an annual vine herbaceous plant of the genus Cucumis of the family Cucurbitaceae. The melon is one of ten fruits in the world, the economic benefit for planting the melon is high, and the melon planting area in China is the top of the world. The muskmelons can be divided into thin-skin muskmelons and thick-skin muskmelons, the thin-skin muskmelons are usually suitable for open field cultivation, and in China, the cultivation area of the thin-skin muskmelons accounts for about 60 percent of the total cultivation area of the muskmelons; the central origin of cantaloupe is the western region in China, and with the development of breeding research and protected field cultivation technology, cultivation is carried out in all regions except Tibet in the last 2000 years, wherein the largest facility cultivation area is the northern China region (concentrated in Shandong, Hebei, Henan and the like), and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river and the triangular region of the southern China. The muskmelon has sweet and delicious fruit, unique flavor, high sugar content and good quality, and is deeply loved by people. In the southern rainy and humid area, the yield of the muskmelon is seriously influenced by adverse conditions such as overcast, rainy, humid, low temperature and little illumination, and the like, the muskmelon is generally cultivated by using facilities such as a greenhouse, the temperature and the humidity of the cultivation environment can be manually adjusted, rainwater is isolated, the influence of adverse climate factors is avoided, and the yield and the quality are improved.
In recent years, the facility cultivation area of the muskmelon is getting larger and larger. However, in early spring facility cultivation of muskmelons, pollination and fertilization are poor due to factors such as rainy weather, low temperature and weak light, less pollen, excessive growth of crops, lack of male flowers, no insect pollination in a relatively closed greenhouse and the like in the flowering period, so that the phenomena of poor pollination and fertilization, low fruit setting rate and more deformed melons are caused, and finally fruit abortion is caused, namely the phenomenon of 'melon melting'. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt artificial supplementary pollination to improve the melon setting rate.
In the prior art, methods such as artificial pollination or spraying of plant growth regulators (such as forchlorfenuron) are often adopted to increase the fruit setting rate, but all methods have defects, wherein the humidity in a rainy and weak greenhouse in spring is high, the pollen activity is low, the pollen is not easy to scatter, the artificial pollination causes poor pollination and fertilization, and the melon cannot be seated; moreover, the condition of malformed fruits caused by uneven pollen smearing is easy to occur in artificial pollination; when the forchlorfenuron is used singly, the fruits are easy to deform and the taste and flavor of the fruits are influenced due to improper dosage.
In view of this, there is a need to develop a pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of muskmelon, so as to solve the defects of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the existing defects and provides a pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of muskmelons. The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon can improve the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon in the greenhouse in early spring, increase the yield of the muskmelon cultivated in the greenhouse in early spring, solve the problem of poor taste and flavor of fruits caused by pollination by using forchlorfenuron alone and improve the quality of the muskmelon.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of muskmelons comprises the following steps:
step 1: seeding, seedling raising, soil preparation and field planting
Sowing muskmelons in a greenhouse, raising seedlings, preparing soil, fertilizing, ridging, covering a black film on the ridges, and planting;
step 2: management of fertilizer and water
In the seedling stage, the vine stage, the small fruit stage and the fruit expansion stage, 1kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer are respectively taken and mixed with 500kg of water to prepare 500 times of liquid, and the liquid is dripped on a root system;
and step 3: preparation of plant growth regulator
Respectively taking 2ml of forchlorfenuron with the mass percent of 0.1% and 0.25ml of compound sodium nitrophenolate solution with the mass percent of 1.4%, adding water to 500ml, and shaking up to obtain the plant growth regulator;
and 4, step 4: pollination is carried out
The thick-peel muskmelon has the preserved melon section position of 15-18 sections, and the lateral vines below the preserved melon section position are all removed as soon as possible; in spring, the plant growth regulator obtained in the step 3 is uniformly sprayed on the melon embryos and the flower hearts of the female flowers at 7:00-11:00 of the female flowers on the morning of the day of the blooming; in summer and autumn, the stigmas of the female flowers are rubbed by using artificial stamens for pollination;
and 5: selecting and remaining melon
Spraying the plant growth regulator obtained in the step 3 at 2-3 flowers with the upward nodes of the melons in the step 4, reserving 2-3 young melons, fixing the melons after the young melons are stably seated, removing the small melons and the deformed melons, reserving 1 melon on a single vine and a whole branch, reserving 2 melons on a double vine and a whole branch, and removing the rest melons;
step 6: spraying foliage fertilizer
Spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer 2-3 days before blooming; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and calcium boron foliar fertilizer for 2 times continuously from the small fruit period to the fruit expansion period, and 1 time every 7 days; and (4) spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and potash fertilizer for 2 times continuously from the fruit expansion period to the color conversion period, and 1 time every 7 days.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
in the step 2 of the invention, in the prior art, the top dressing mainly takes chemical fertilizers (urea, compound fertilizers, potash fertilizers and the like), and the chemical fertilizers have high nutrient content, quick fertilizer effect and obvious yield increasing effect. But the fertilizer is easy to be lost through ways of volatilization, leaching, fixation and the like, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is not high; strong acidity, alkalinity and salinity, improper application, not only being unfavorable for plant growth, but also being capable of changing soil into acid, hardening and the like and reducing soil fertility. In the seedling stage, the vine stage, the small fruit stage and the fruit expanding stage, 1kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer are respectively taken and mixed with 500kg of water to prepare 500-time liquid which is dripped on a root system, because the organic water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the growth period of the muskmelon, the growth of the muskmelon can be promoted, the plant resistance is enhanced, the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon can be effectively improved, and the yield of the muskmelon and the commodity value of the fruit are increased.
In step 3 of the present invention, forchlorfenuron is sprayed alone as a plant growth regulator in the prior art. The invention uses forchlorfenuron and compound sodium nitrophenolate as plant growth regulator.
Forchlorfenuron is a high-activity phenylurea derivative, has cytokinin activity, and has the effects of promoting cell division and expansion, organ formation and protein synthesis, improving photosynthesis efficiency, enhancing stress resistance, delaying senescence, promoting flower bud differentiation on melon and fruit plants, and the like. Spraying forchlorfenuron can protect flowers and fruits, accelerate the growth and development of young fruits, improve the fruit setting rate, enlarge the fruits and increase the yield.
The forchlorfenuron is purchased from Sichuan national photo-agriculture chemical Co., Ltd, and is called SitangulingTeyou; or from Lanyue science and technology Limited, Sichuan province, under the trade name Top-good; or from Schmidt optimization, Sichuan, Inc., under the trade name Guowang.
The compound sodium nitrophenolate is also called compound sodium nitrophenolate, is a strong cell activation agent, and comprises the chemical components of 5-nitroguaiacol sodium, o-nitrophenol sodium and p-nitrophenol sodium. The compound sodium nitrophenolate is a strong cell activator, can quickly permeate into a plant body after contacting with the plant, promotes the protoplasm flow of the cell, and improves the cell activity. The compound sodium nitrophenolate is used in the invention, so that the growth speed of the muskmelon can be accelerated, dormancy is broken through, growth and development are promoted, flower and fruit dropping are prevented, the product quality is improved, the yield is increased, and the stress resistance capabilities of the muskmelon, such as disease resistance, insect resistance, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, cold resistance, salt and alkali resistance, lodging resistance and the like, are improved.
The sodium nitrophenolate is purchased from Asahi Kasei chemical Co., Ltd., Japan, and is called Aiduosho; or purchased from Fujian New agricultural and biological engineering Co., Ltd, and the trade name is Biliang; or from Lvheng chemical Limited, Tianjin, under the trade name Lvheng.
In the step 4 of the invention, pollination is divided into two modes, wherein the pollination agent obtained in the step 3 is uniformly sprayed on the melon embryo and the flower heart of the female flower in spring, which is caused by poor pollination and fertilization due to the factors of overcast and rainy weather, low temperature and weak light, less pollen, over-vigorous growth of crops, lack of male flowers, no insect pollination in a relatively closed greenhouse and the like in the early spring facility cultivation, so that the fruit setting rate is low, the deformed melons are more, and finally the fruit abortion is caused. Artificial pollination is adopted in summer and autumn, because the melon type pollinated by adopting the male flower points and the female flowers is regular, and deformed melons are few.
In addition, when the pollination agent obtained in the step 3 is uniformly sprayed to the melon embryo and the flower heart of the female flower, the principle is that sprayed pollination agent fog drops are distributed on the whole flower heart and the melon embryo does not drop. After the flower spraying and the melon spraying, if the liquid medicine attached to the melon embryo is too much, the melon vine or the melon handle is flicked by hands to remove the redundant pollination medicine and prevent the generation of deformed melons such as askew melons, cracked melons and the like. In addition, the flower spraying needs to avoid the high-temperature period at noon and meet the rainy weather, the spraying time is delayed by 1 to 2 hours, and the condition that the leaf surface does not have dew is suitable.
In step 5 of the present invention, the plant growth regulator obtained in step 3 is sprayed for flower retention. The pollination agent is used when being sprayed. When the plant growth regulator is sprayed, the pesticide cannot be sprayed on the tender branches, tender leaves and growing points of the muskmelon to avoid phytotoxicity.
In step 6, before blooming, the amino acid foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, so as to strengthen flowers and improve the pollen activity. And spraying an amino acid foliar fertilizer and a calcium-boron foliar fertilizer from the small fruit period to the fruit expansion period, so as to supplement trace elements, improve the fruit setting rate and promote the fruit expansion. And (3) spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and potash fertilizer from the fruit expansion period to the color conversion period, so as to enhance photosynthesis, prevent melon cracking, increase fruit sugar and improve yield and quality.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in step 1, the fertilization is performed every 66m21500kg-2000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 50kg of peanut bran, 50kg-70kg of compound fertilizer and 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to the planting field.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the fertilizer is mainly used for supplying nutrients required by the muskmelon in the whole growth period, creates good soil conditions for the growth and development of the muskmelon, and has the functions of improving soil and fertilizing soil.
Furthermore, N, P in the compound fertilizer2O5And K2The sum of the mass percentages of the O, the O and the C is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the mass ratio of N, P, K is 15:15: 15.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the compound fertilizer can supply various nutrients required by muskmelon and fully play the role of mutual promotion among nutrient elements; high effective nutrient and obvious economic benefit.
Further, in the step 2, N and K in the organic water-soluble fertilizer2The concentration sum of the O is more than or equal to 130 g/L, the concentration sum of the Zn, the Mn and the B is more than or equal to 35 g/L, and the organic matter concentration is more than or equal to 190 g/L.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the organic water-soluble fertilizer can improve soil, excite beneficial microbial groups around root hairs of muskmelon, keep root activity, promote healthy growth of crops and improve fruit yield and quality.
The organic water-soluble fertilizer is purchased from Guangdong Jieshi agricultural science and technology Limited company, and the trade name of the organic water-soluble fertilizer is Ujin green; or from zettack, midges, germany, under the trade name fottack; or from Zhongnong's Lukang (Beijing) Biotechnology, Inc., under the trade name of Ludikang bio-irrigation fertilizer.
Further, in the step 2, N, P in the compound fertilizer2O5And K2The sum of the mass percentages of the O, the O and the C is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the mass ratio of N, P, K is 15:15: 15.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: various nutrients required by crops are supplied, and the mutual promotion effect among nutrient elements is fully exerted; high effective nutrient and obvious economic benefit.
Further, in the step 6, in the amino acid foliar fertilizer, the concentration sum of amino acid is more than or equal to 100 g/L, and the concentration sum of chelated Fe, Mn and Zn is more than or equal to 20 g/L.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: promoting vegetative growth, resisting adverse environment, inducing flowering, pollination and fruit setting, promoting nutrient absorption, increasing photosynthetic rate, enhancing photosynthesis, and improving fruit quality.
The amino acid foliar fertilizer is purchased from Guangdong Jieshi agricultural science and technology Limited company, and the trade name of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is Meijiafu; or from the Syngenta company under the trade name Yishibang; or from Jiangmen plant protection, Inc., under the trade name Evofu.
Further, in step 6, the potassium fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate or amino acid potassium fertilizer.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: can supplement nutrition efficiently, promote fruit to swell, increase sweet color, mature in advance and obviously improve the yield and quality of crops.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon can improve the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon in the greenhouse in early spring by 10.0-20.0%.
(2) The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon can increase the yield of the muskmelon cultivated in the greenhouse in early spring, and the yield is improved by 8.0-22.0%; the content of soluble solid is increased by 10.9-14.8%.
(3) The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon can solve the problems of early spring natural pollination and low artificial pollination fruit setting rate and increase the fruit setting rate; can improve the problem of poor taste and flavor of fruits pollinated by separately using forchlorfenuron and improve the quality of melons.
(4) The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon is simple and feasible, strong in operability, low in production cost, wide in market prospect and suitable for large-scale production.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are set forth merely to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon comprises the following steps:
step 1: seeding, seedling raising, soil preparation and field planting
Sowing muskmelon in a greenhouse, raising seedlings, preparing soil, fertilizing, ridging, covering a black film on the ridge, and planting. Wherein the fertilization is every 66m21500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 50kg of peanut bran, 50kg of compound fertilizer and 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to the planting field. N, P in the compound fertilizer2O5And K2The sum of the mass percentages of the O, the O and the C is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the mass ratio of N, P, K is 15:15: 15.
Step 2: management of fertilizer and water
In the seedling stage, the vine stage, the small fruit stage and the fruit expansion stage, 1kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer are respectively taken and mixed with 500kg of water to prepare 500 times of liquid, and the liquid is dripped on a root system. Wherein N and K in the organic water-soluble fertilizer2The concentration sum of the O and the B is more than or equal to 130 g/L, the concentration sum of the Zn, the Mn and the B is more than or equal to 35 g/L, and the organic matter concentration is more than or equal to 190 g/L. in the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The sum of the mass percentages of the O, the O and the C is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the mass ratio of N, P, K is 15:15: 15.
And step 3: preparation of plant growth regulator
Respectively taking 2ml of forchlorfenuron with the mass percent of 0.1% and 0.25ml of compound sodium nitrophenolate solution with the mass percent of 1.4%, adding water to 500ml, and shaking up to obtain the plant growth regulator;
and 4, step 4: pollination is carried out
The thick-peel muskmelon has the preserved melon section position of 15-18 sections, and the lateral vines below the preserved melon section position are all removed as soon as possible; in spring, the plant growth regulator obtained in the step 3 is uniformly sprayed on the melon embryos and the flower hearts of the female flowers at 7:00-11:00 of the female flowers on the morning of the day of the blooming; in summer and autumn, the stigmas of the female flowers are rubbed by using artificial stamens for pollination;
and 5: selecting and remaining melon
Spraying the plant growth regulator obtained in the step 3 at 2-3 flowers with the upward nodes of the melons in the step 4, reserving 2-3 young melons, fixing the melons after the young melons are stably seated, removing the small melons and the deformed melons, reserving 1 melon on a single vine and a whole branch, reserving 2 melons on a double vine and a whole branch, and removing the rest melons;
step 6: spraying foliage fertilizer
Spraying an amino acid foliar fertilizer 2-3 days before flowering, spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer and a calcium-boron foliar fertilizer 2 times continuously and 1 time every 7 days from a small fruit period to a fruit expansion period, and spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate 2 times continuously and 1 time every 7 days from the fruit expansion period to a color transition period, wherein in the amino acid foliar fertilizer, the concentration sum of amino acid is more than or equal to 100 g/L, and the concentration sum of chelated Fe, Mn and Zn is more than or equal to 20 g/L.
Example 2
The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon comprises the following steps:
step 1: seeding, seedling raising, soil preparation and field planting
Sowing muskmelon in a greenhouse, raising seedlings, preparing soil, fertilizing, ridging, covering a black film on the ridge, and planting. Wherein the fertilization is every 66m21800kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 50kg of peanut bran, 60kg of compound fertilizer and 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to the planting field. N, P in the compound fertilizer2O5And K2The sum of the mass percentages of the O, the O and the C is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the mass ratio of N, P, K is 15:15: 15.
Step 2: management of fertilizer and water
At seedling stage, vine stage, small fruit stage and fruit expansion stage respectivelyAdding 500kg of water into 1kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer to prepare 500 times of liquid, and carrying out drip irrigation on the liquid to the root system. Wherein N and K in the organic water-soluble fertilizer2The concentration sum of the O and the B is more than or equal to 130 g/L, the concentration sum of the Zn, the Mn and the B is more than or equal to 35 g/L, and the organic matter concentration is more than or equal to 190 g/L. in the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The sum of the mass percentages of the O, the O and the C is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the mass ratio of N, P, K is 15:15: 15.
And step 3: preparation of plant growth regulator
Respectively taking 2ml of forchlorfenuron with the mass percent of 0.1% and 0.25ml of compound sodium nitrophenolate solution with the mass percent of 1.4%, adding water to 500ml, and shaking up to obtain the plant growth regulator;
and 4, step 4: pollination is carried out
The thick-peel muskmelon has the preserved melon section position of 15-18 sections, and the lateral vines below the preserved melon section position are all removed as soon as possible; in spring, the plant growth regulator obtained in the step 3 is uniformly sprayed on the melon embryos and the flower hearts of the female flowers at 7:00-11:00 of the female flowers on the morning of the day of the blooming; in summer and autumn, the stigmas of the female flowers are rubbed by using artificial stamens for pollination;
and 5: selecting and remaining melon
Spraying the plant growth regulator obtained in the step 3 at 2-3 flowers with the upward nodes of the melons in the step 4, reserving 2-3 young melons, fixing the melons after the young melons are stably seated, removing the small melons and the deformed melons, reserving 1 melon on a single vine and a whole branch, reserving 2 melons on a double vine and a whole branch, and removing the rest melons;
step 6: spraying foliage fertilizer
Spraying an amino acid foliar fertilizer 2-3 days before flowering, spraying an amino acid foliar fertilizer and a calcium-boron foliar fertilizer 2 times continuously and 1 time every 7 days from a small fruit period to a fruit expansion period, spraying an amino acid foliar fertilizer and an amino acid potassium fertilizer 2 times continuously and 1 time every 7 days from the fruit expansion period to a color transition period, wherein in the amino acid foliar fertilizer, the concentration sum of amino acid is more than or equal to 100 g/L, and the concentration sum of chelated Fe, Mn and Zn is more than or equal to 20 g/L.
Example 3
The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon comprises the following steps:
step 1: seeding, seedling raising, soil preparation and field planting
Sowing muskmelon in a greenhouse, raising seedlings, preparing soil, fertilizing, ridging, covering a black film on the ridge, and planting. Wherein the fertilization is every 66m22000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 50kg of peanut bran, 70kg of compound fertilizer and 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to the planting field. N, P in the compound fertilizer2O5And K2The sum of the mass percentages of the O, the O and the C is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the mass ratio of N, P, K is 15:15: 15.
Step 2: management of fertilizer and water
In the seedling stage, the vine stage, the small fruit stage and the fruit expansion stage, 1kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer are respectively taken and mixed with 500kg of water to prepare 500 times of liquid, and the liquid is dripped on a root system. Wherein N and K in the organic water-soluble fertilizer2The concentration sum of the O and the B is more than or equal to 130 g/L, the concentration sum of the Zn, the Mn and the B is more than or equal to 35 g/L, and the organic matter concentration is more than or equal to 190 g/L. in the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The sum of the mass percentages of the O, the O and the C is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the mass ratio of N, P, K is 15:15: 15.
And step 3: preparation of plant growth regulator
Respectively taking 2ml of forchlorfenuron with the mass percent of 0.1% and 0.25ml of compound sodium nitrophenolate solution with the mass percent of 1.4%, adding water to 500ml, and shaking up to obtain the plant growth regulator;
and 4, step 4: pollination is carried out
The thick-peel muskmelon has the preserved melon section position of 15-18 sections, and the lateral vines below the preserved melon section position are all removed as soon as possible; in spring, the plant growth regulator obtained in the step 3 is uniformly sprayed on the melon embryos and the flower hearts of the female flowers at 7:00-11:00 of the female flowers on the morning of the day of the blooming; in summer and autumn, the stigmas of the female flowers are rubbed by using artificial stamens for pollination;
and 5: selecting and remaining melon
Spraying the plant growth regulator obtained in the step 3 at 2-3 flowers with the upward nodes of the melons in the step 4, reserving 2-3 young melons, fixing the melons after the young melons are stably seated, removing the small melons and the deformed melons, reserving 1 melon on a single vine and a whole branch, reserving 2 melons on a double vine and a whole branch, and removing the rest melons;
step 6: spraying foliage fertilizer
Spraying an amino acid foliar fertilizer 2-3 days before flowering, spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer and a calcium-boron foliar fertilizer 2 times continuously and 1 time every 7 days from a small fruit period to a fruit expansion period, and spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate 2 times continuously and 1 time every 7 days from the fruit expansion period to a color transition period, wherein in the amino acid foliar fertilizer, the concentration sum of amino acid is more than or equal to 100 g/L, and the concentration sum of chelated Fe, Mn and Zn is more than or equal to 20 g/L.
Experimental example 1: influence of different rich water on growth, yield and quality of melons
(1) Variety and location of test
The test variety is Guimi No. 12 melon, which was carried out in facility greenhouse of academy of agricultural sciences in Guilin City in 2016.
(2) Design of experiments
3 treatments were designed, with treatment 3 being the method of example 2.
In the step 2 of the treatment 1, clear water is respectively taken from the 5 th, 15 th, 25 th and 35 th days after planting and is dripped on the root system, and the rest steps are the same as the step 2 in the embodiment.
In the step 2 of the treatment 2, 500 times of the liquid of the compound fertilizer is respectively taken at the 5 th, 15 th, 25 th and 35 th days after field planting and is dripped on the root system, the used compound fertilizer is the same as that used in the embodiment 2, and the rest steps are the same as those in the embodiment 2.
(3) Measurement method
The fruit appearance, fruit shape index, average single melon weight (kg), peel thickness (cm), soluble solids content (%) (center, edge), 667m were investigated at maturity2Yield (kg), etc.
(4) Results and analysis
The effect of 3 treatments on melon yield and quality is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on melon yield and quality
As can be seen from table 1, comparing melon weight, yield, fruit pulp thickness, fruit size, soluble solids content, the method with treatment 3 is significantly higher than with treatments 1 and 2. Wherein, the yield obtained by the method of the treatment 3 is increased by 22.0 percent compared with the method of the treatment 1 and is increased by 8.0 percent compared with the method of the treatment 2. The soluble solids content was increased by 14.8% with treatment 3 over treatment 1 and by 10.9% over treatment 2. Thickness of the melon rind, using the method of treatment 3, the thickness was significantly lower than the method of treatment 1 and the method of treatment 2.
Therefore, the pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon can improve the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon in the greenhouse in early spring by 10.0-20.0%.
Experimental example 2: influence of different pollination modes on yield and quality of melons
(1) Variety and location of test
The test variety is Guimi No. 12 melon, which was carried out in facility greenhouse of agricultural academy of sciences in Guilin city in 2017 early spring.
(2) Design of experiments
3 treatments were designed, with treatment 2 being the method of example 2.
In the step 3 of the treatment 1, the pollination agent is a forchlorfenuron 250-time solution which is independently adopted and has the mass percent of 0.1%, and the rest steps are the same as those in the example 2.
In treatment 3, step 3 was omitted, and in step 4, artificial supplementary pollination was used, i.e. 7:00-11:00, picking up male flowers, removing petals to expose stamens, and smearing on the stigma of the female flowers which are open on the same day. The remaining steps were the same as in example 2.
The procedure of treatment 4 was the same as that of example 2 except that steps 3 and 4 were omitted, i.e., natural pollination was carried out.
The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with 3 replicates per treatment, 30 replicates each.
(3) Survey item
Fruit set rate, average individual fruit weight, fruit size, yield, soluble solids content, and the like.
(4) Results and analysis
The effect of 4 treatments on melon yield quality is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of different pollination patterns on melon yield and quality
Note: 667m2The number of seed plants was 1500.
As can be seen from table 2, the fruit setting rate of treatment 1 was 90.6%, the fruit setting rate of treatment 2 was 98.5%, the fruit setting rate of treatment 3 was only 73.5%, and the fruit setting rate of treatment 4 was only 40.7%.
The single fruit weight of the muskmelon in the mature period is remarkably increased, and the treatment 2 and the treatment 1 are respectively improved by 35 percent and 27.4 percent compared with the treatment 3 and are respectively improved by 57.8 percent and 50.2 percent compared with the treatment 4. Of the four treatments, the weight of the single melon in the treatment 2 is 1.55kg at most, the maximum thickness of the pulp is 3.41cm, the thickness of the peel is 0.53cm, and the treatment is higher than that of the other treatments. The peel was thinnest 0.40cm for treatment 4, but the flesh was also thinnest, 3 times treatment. Probably because the central cavities of the melons in natural pollination and artificial supplementary pollination are larger. The content of central soluble solids of the melons with different pollination modes is not large, and because pollination measures are not taken for the melons treated by hormones, seeds in fruits are blighted seeds.
Therefore, the invention simultaneously uses the forchlorfenuron and the compound sodium nitrophenolate as plant growth regulators, can effectively prevent flower and fruit dropping, improve the fruit setting rate and promote fruit expansion, the fruit setting rate and the fruit size are both obviously higher than those of the forchlorfenuron, artificial supplementary pollination and natural pollination treatment, and the fruit setting rate reaches more than 98%. In addition, the forchlorfenuron and the compound sodium nitrophenolate are used as plant growth regulators at the same time, so that the cucumber embryo can be rapidly expanded, the single fruit weight is increased, and the quality is not affected.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of muskmelons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: seeding, seedling raising, soil preparation and field planting
Sowing muskmelons in a greenhouse, raising seedlings, preparing soil, fertilizing, ridging, covering a black film on the ridges, and planting;
step 2: management of fertilizer and water
In the seedling stage, the vine stage, the small fruit stage and the fruit expansion stage, 1kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer are respectively taken and mixed with 500kg of water to prepare 500 times of liquid, and the liquid is dripped on a root system;
and step 3: preparation of plant growth regulator
Respectively taking 2ml of forchlorfenuron with the mass percent of 0.1% and 0.25ml of compound sodium nitrophenolate solution with the mass percent of 1.4%, adding water to 500ml, and shaking up to obtain the plant growth regulator;
and 4, step 4: pollination is carried out
The thick-peel muskmelon has the preserved melon section position of 15-18 sections, and the lateral vines below the preserved melon section position are all removed as soon as possible; in spring, the plant growth regulator obtained in the step 3 is uniformly sprayed on the melon embryos and the flower hearts of the female flowers at 7:00-11:00 of the female flowers on the morning of the day of the blooming; in summer and autumn, the stigmas of the female flowers are rubbed by using artificial stamens for pollination;
and 5: selecting and remaining melon
Spraying the plant growth regulator obtained in the step 3 at 2-3 flowers with the upward nodes of the melons in the step 4, reserving 2-3 young melons, fixing the melons after the young melons are stably seated, removing the small melons and the deformed melons, reserving 1 melon on a single vine and a whole branch, reserving 2 melons on a double vine and a whole branch, and removing the rest melons;
step 6: spraying foliage fertilizer
Spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer 2-3 days before blooming; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and calcium boron foliar fertilizer for 2 times continuously from the small fruit period to the fruit expansion period, and 1 time every 7 days; and (4) spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and potash fertilizer for 2 times continuously from the fruit expansion period to the color conversion period, and 1 time every 7 days.
2. The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, N and K in the organic water-soluble fertilizer2Of both OThe concentration sum is more than or equal to 130 g/L, the concentration sum of Zn, Mn and B is more than or equal to 35 g/L, and the organic matter concentration is more than or equal to 190 g/L.
3. The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, N, P in the compound fertilizer2O5And K2The sum of the mass percentages of the O, the O and the C is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the mass ratio of N, P, K is 15:15: 15.
4. The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the amino acid foliar fertilizer contains amino acid of not less than 100 g/L and the concentration sum of chelated Fe, Mn and Zn of not less than 20 g/L.
5. The pollination method for improving the fruit setting rate of the muskmelon as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the potassium fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate or amino acid potassium fertilizer.
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| CN115067163B (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2023-06-20 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Labor-saving cultivation method for muskmelon |
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