CN115067163B - Labor-saving cultivation method for muskmelon - Google Patents
Labor-saving cultivation method for muskmelon Download PDFInfo
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- CN115067163B CN115067163B CN202210919036.4A CN202210919036A CN115067163B CN 115067163 B CN115067163 B CN 115067163B CN 202210919036 A CN202210919036 A CN 202210919036A CN 115067163 B CN115067163 B CN 115067163B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention provides a labor-saving cultivation method of muskmelon, which comprises the following steps: s1, sowing: after soil preparation for 3-4 months, laying a film and a drip irrigation tape, and then drip irrigation seedling emergence water with the water dripping amount of 40-50 m 3 After 2-3 days of water dripping, manual dibbling is carried out, the seed application amount is 45-50 g/mu, and then an arch covering film is built; s2, field management: in the growing period, the water-soluble fertilizer is applied in combination with drip irrigation and watering; wherein, the water is dripped for many times in the growing period, and the total amount of the dripping water is 160-190 m 3 Per mu; s3, spraying foliar fertilizer: in the fruit expanding period, a foliar fertilizer is sprayed, and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is used as the foliar fertilizer. The invention solves the problems of shortage of water resources, rough water and fertilizer management and low utilization rate of the south Xinjiang body by utilizing a water and fertilizer integrated cultivation mode, can realize efficient utilization of fertilizer required by accurate fertilization, and is also beneficial to shortening the melon growth period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of melon cultivation, in particular to a labor-saving cultivation method of muskmelon.
Background
The melon industry is one of the dominant region industries in Xinjiang, the planting area of melons reaches over 100 ten thousand acres each year, and the mass production of melons is gradually realized. The muskmelon mainly comprises two subspecies of muskmelon and muskmelon, wherein the Sinkiang muskmelon has crisp causal meat, moderate sugar degree, good storability and is deeply favored by consumers.
However, the traditional family planting method causes serious degradation of variety resource characteristics, poor disease resistance, low produced melon yield of about 2 tons per mu, wherein the commodity rate is less than 50 percent, the market supply amount is insufficient, the period is short, the mu benefit is low (about 2000 yuan/mu), and the input-output ratio is only 1:1, thereby severely restricting the benign development of melon industry in local areas. Therefore, in order to promote the development of the muskmelon planting industry, in recent years, large-scale planting and standardized production techniques have been advanced gradually in local areas, but the large-scale planting of muskmelon still has the following problems:
firstly, at present, a ditching planting mode is mainly adopted in each main production area of the muskmelon, water resource irrigation is ditching irrigation in the planting mode, the water evaporation capacity is large, and the water resource waste is serious; and irrational water irrigation can also affect melon growth. In addition, the hole application is selected in the melon topdressing process, so that the labor intensity is high, the production cost is high, the labor-saving cultivation degree is low, and the fertilizer required by precise fertilization cannot be efficiently utilized.
Second, the normal growth cycle from sowing to harvesting of muskmelon generally requires about 120 days, which is basically the whole process of sowing from 3 months to 4 months of the beginning and harvesting from 7 months of the middle and late ten days to 8 months of the beginning, so that even if the muskmelon is ripe, the muskmelon in other areas is ripe, the price advantage is not too high, and the market competitiveness is not too good.
Based on this, there is a need to develop a labor-saving cultivation method of muskmelon which can shorten the growth cycle and cultivate the muskmelon in a labor-saving manner.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the labor-saving cultivation method for the muskmelon, which solves the problems of shortage of water resources of a body, rough water and fertilizer management and low utilization rate by utilizing a water and fertilizer integrated cultivation mode, can realize efficient utilization of fertilizer required by accurate fertilization, and is also beneficial to shortening the growth cycle of the muskmelon.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
The labor-saving cultivation method of muskmelon comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing
After soil preparation for 3-4 months, laying a film and a drip irrigation tape, and then drip irrigation seedling emergence water with the water dripping amount of 40-50 m 3 After 2-3 days of water dripping, manual dibbling is carried out, the seed application amount is 45-50 g/mu, and then an arch covering film is built;
s2, field management
In the growing period, the water-soluble fertilizer is applied in combination with drip irrigation and watering; wherein, the water is dripped for many times in the growing period, and the total amount of the dripping water is 160-190 m 3 Per mu;
s3, spraying foliar fertilizer
In the fruit expanding period, a foliar fertilizer is sprayed, and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is used as the foliar fertilizer.
Further, in S2, the drip irrigation and watering operations are as follows:
watering after 35d of squatting seedlings after emergence, wherein the water drop of the first drip irrigation watering is 40-50 m 3 Per mu;
after 10-12 d, the secondary drip irrigation is carried out, the drip irrigation water is carried out, and the water dropping quantity is 35-40 m 3 Per mu;
watering is carried out by drip irrigation every 8-10 d after flowering and melon sitting, and the water dripping amount is 35-40 m 3 Gradually decrease per mu to 10-15 m 3 Per mu;
the fruit is irrigated by drip irrigation every 7 to 9 days in the mature period, and the drip irrigation quantity is 10 to 15m 3 Per mu;
the dripping was stopped 10d before fruit harvest.
Further, in S2, the following operations are performed for applying the water-soluble fertilizer:
urea 4-5 kg/mu, diamine phosphate 4-5 kg/mu and microbial fertilizer 2.5-3.5 kg/mu are used in combination with drip irrigation and watering in the vine stretching period;
2-3 kg/mu of urea, 0.8-1 kg/mu of N-P-K water-soluble fertilizer and 2.5-3 kg/mu of microbial fertilizer are used in combination with drip irrigation and watering in the rapid expansion period;
after the fruit is net-developed, the N-P-K water-soluble fertilizer is used for 0.5-0.8 kg/mu in combination with drip irrigation and watering.
In S2, after seedling emergence, the arch covering film is arched and discharged every 50-60 m, the air discharge opening is gradually increased, and the covering film is removed in the late 4 months.
Further, in S2, during the period of stretching, when 5 leaves are true, removing the vines sent out from the axilla; when the main vines grow to 80-90 cm, all the vines of the axilla below the 9 th node are wiped off; starting from the 9 th seed vine, 3 seed vines with female flowers at the first positions are selected, and 1 leaf of the seed vine is left for picking before flowers.
Further, in S1, the plant-row spacing of the seed is controlled to be 0.3X1.5 m.
In S2, the thickness of the arch covering film is 0.04-0.05 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention solves the problems of shortage of water resources, rough water and fertilizer management and low utilization rate by utilizing a water and fertilizer integrated cultivation mode, saves labor cost, can realize efficient utilization of fertilizer required by accurate fertilization, is beneficial to shortening the melon growth period and expanding the market supply period.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The N-P-K (10-20-20) water-soluble fertilizer is prepared from the following elements in percentage by mass: 10% of N element, 20% of P element and 20% of K element.
The N-P-K (7-10-42) water-soluble fertilizer is prepared from the following elements in percentage by mass: 7% of N element, 10% of P element and 42% of K element.
The microbial fertilizer is derived from Xinjiang Wada agricultural technologies, inc., wherein bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g, fulvic acid is more than or equal to 10%, and water-soluble organic matters are more than or equal to 10%.
The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A labor-saving cultivation method of muskmelon comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing
Ploughing and preparing the soil in 3-4 months, directly paving a film and paving a drip irrigation belt, wherein the width of the mulching film is 3 kg/mu, and the width of the drip irrigation belt is 5 kg/mu; then drip irrigation seedling water, the water dropping amount is 40m 3 Per mu; and (3) manually dibbling after 2-3 days of water dripping, wherein the plant-row spacing of dibbling is controlled at 0.3 multiplied by 1.5m, and the seed application amount is 50 g/mu.
S2, constructing an arch covering film
After manual dibbling, a small arch covering film is built, about 170 glass fiber arches with the length of 2.5m and the diameter of 6mm are used for each mu, and the using amount of the covering film with the thickness of 0.04mm is 25 kg/mu.
S3, seedling management
The seedlings emerge 7-10 days after sowing, the germination accelerating and reseeding are carried out on the areas with bad emergence, and the seedlings are placed under the film and soil is supported in time; according to weather conditions and seedling conditions, ventilation is started in the last ten days of 4 months, ventilation openings are gradually increased at intervals of 50-60 m at two sides of a small arch along with the rising of air temperature until all the greenhouse films are lifted in the last ten days of 4 months, and the greenhouse films are removed; and 6-8 true leaves of the plant are subjected to vine inversion.
S4, pruning management
Pruning is mainly carried out by single-vine pruning, and when 5 leaves of muskmelon are true, the vines sent out from leaf axils are wiped off; when the main vines grow to 80-90 cm, all the vines of the axilla below the 9 th node are wiped off; starting from the 9 th seed vine, 3 seed vines with female flowers at the first positions are selected, and 1 leaf of the seed vine is left for picking before flowers.
S5, melon turning
Picking off abnormal fruits, rotten fruits and pest-damaged fruits in time when the diameter of the young melon is 5cm, selecting one melon with good fruits for each plant, and putting the melon on the ground; after the diameter of the young melon reaches 10cm, the fruit is firstly covered with a bag to prevent sunburn, and then the melon is padded.
S6, drip irrigation and watering
Watering the squatting seedlings above 35d after emergence, wherein the first water dripping amount is 40m 3 Per mu, the soil is soaked to the outer edge of the film by the moisture. Dripping the second water after 10-12 d, wherein the dripping amount is 35m 3 Per mu. Dripping water for 7-9 days at intervals after flowering and melon sitting, wherein the dripping water amount is reduced along with plant growth according to a certain gradient and is respectively 35m 3 Per mu, 20m 3 Per mu, 10m 3 Per mu. Dropping water for 7-9 days after the mature period of the fruit, controlling the water content to be 10m 3 Per mu. The dripping was stopped 10d before fruit harvest. Total amount of dripping water 160m in growing period 3 Per mu.
S7, watering is carried out in combination with drip irrigation to apply water-soluble fertilizer
The melon vine stage combines water dripping and each time topdressing urea 4 kg/mu, diamine phosphate 4 kg/mu and microbial fertilizer 3 kg/mu.
After the melon setting work is finished, the positive value young melon rapid expansion period is combined with water dripping to apply urea 2 kg/mu, N-P-K (10-20-20) water-soluble fertilizer 1 kg/mu and microbial fertilizer 3 kg/mu each time; the plant diseases and insect pests can be prevented and treated singly or in combination in the fruit expanding period, and 0.1% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on leaf surfaces.
After the fruit shows the net, the water-soluble fertilizer of N-P-K (7-10-42) is applied by combining with water drops each time, and the weight of the water-soluble fertilizer is 0.8 kg/mu.
S8, comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests
The agricultural control measures are enhanced, the deep ploughing is realized, the continuous cropping is avoided, and the vegetable crops and the greenhouse area are kept away as far as possible; early prevention work is done, and chemical agents are used for preventive spraying for 1-2 times in the whole growth period of the common muskmelon.
S9, harvesting and storing
Harvesting in time after the melons are ripe in the middle and late 6 months to the beginning 7 months, harvesting after the melons are ripe, and harvesting after the commercial melons are ripe in eight, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the morning or in the evening in sunny days, and 10-15 cm of horseshoe-shaped melon stems are reserved; the picked melon should prevent sunburn and rain, and the nylon foaming net bags are sleeved in time for boxing and transported to a refrigeration house for precooling, and the melon should be picked and transported by light weight and placed in light weight, so that friction damage of the melon and the melon is avoided as much as possible.
Example 2
A labor-saving cultivation method of muskmelon comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing
Ploughing and preparing the soil in 3-4 months, directly paving a film and paving a drip irrigation belt, wherein the width of the mulching film is 3 kg/mu, and the width of the drip irrigation belt is 5 kg/mu; then drip irrigation seedling water with the water drop quantity of 45m 3 Per mu; and (3) manually dibbling after 2-3 days of water dripping, wherein the plant-row spacing of dibbling is controlled at 0.3 multiplied by 1.5m, and the seed application amount is 47 g/mu.
S2, constructing an arch covering film
After manual dibbling, a small arch covering film is built, about 170 glass fiber arches with the length of 2.5m and the diameter of 6mm are used for each mu, and the using amount of the covering film with the thickness of 0.04mm is 25 kg/mu.
S3, seedling management
The seedlings emerge 7-10 days after sowing, the germination accelerating and reseeding are carried out on the areas with bad emergence, and the seedlings are placed under the film and soil is supported in time; according to weather conditions and seedling conditions, ventilation is started in the last ten days of 4 months, ventilation openings are gradually increased at intervals of 50-60 m at two sides of a small arch along with the rising of air temperature until all the greenhouse films are lifted in the last ten days of 4 months, and the greenhouse films are removed; and 6-8 true leaves of the plant are subjected to vine inversion.
S4, pruning management
Pruning is mainly carried out by single-vine pruning, when 5 leaves of muskmelon are true, the vines sent out from leaf axils are wiped off, when the main vines grow to 80-90 cm, all the vines of the leaf axils below the 9 th section are wiped off, starting from the 9 th vine, 3 continuous vines with female flowers at the first section are selected, and 1 leaf is left for picking before flowers.
S5, melon turning
Picking off abnormal fruits, rotten fruits and pest-damaged fruits in time when the diameter of the young melon is 5cm, selecting one melon with good fruits for each plant, and putting the melon on the ground; after the diameter of the young melon reaches 10cm, the fruit is firstly covered with a bag to prevent sunburn, and then the melon is padded.
S6, drip irrigation and watering
Watering the squatting seedlings above 35d after emergence, wherein the first water dripping amount is 50m 3 Per mu, the soil is soaked to the outer edge of the film by the moisture. Dripping the second water after 10-12 d, wherein the dripping amount is 40m 3 Per mu. Dripping water for 7-9 d each time after flowering and melon making, wherein the dripping water amount is reduced according to a certain gradient along with plant growth and is respectively 40m 3 Per mu, 25m 3 Per mu, 15m 3 Per mu. Dropping water for 7-9 days after the mature period of the fruit, controlling the water content to be 15m 3 Per mu. The dripping was stopped 10d before fruit harvest. Total amount of drip water 190m in growing period 3 Per mu.
S7, watering is carried out in combination with drip irrigation to apply water-soluble fertilizer
The melon vine stage combines water dripping and each time topdressing urea 5 kg/mu, diamine phosphate 5 kg/mu and microbial fertilizer 2.5 kg/mu.
After the fixed melon works, the positive value young melon rapidly expands, and 2.5 kg/mu of urea, 0.8 kg/mu of N-P-K (10-20-20) water-soluble fertilizer and 2.5 kg/mu of microbial fertilizer are applied by combining with water dropping each time in the rapid expansion period; the plant diseases and insect pests can be prevented and treated singly or in combination in the fruit expanding period, and 0.1% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on leaf surfaces.
After the fruit shows the net, the water-soluble fertilizer of N-P-K (7-10-42) is applied by combining with water drops each time, and the weight of the water-soluble fertilizer is 0.5 kg/mu.
S8, comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests
The agricultural control measures are enhanced, the deep ploughing is realized, the continuous cropping is avoided, and the vegetable crops and the greenhouse area are kept away as far as possible; early prevention work is done, and chemical agents are used for preventive spraying for 1-2 times in the whole growth period of the common muskmelon.
S9, harvesting and storing
Harvesting in time after the melons are ripe in the middle and late 6 months to the beginning 7 months, harvesting after the melons are ripe, and harvesting after the commercial melons are ripe in eight, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the morning or in the evening in sunny days, and 10-15 cm of horseshoe-shaped melon stems are reserved; the picked melon should prevent sunburn and rain, and the nylon foaming net bags are sleeved in time for boxing and transported to a refrigeration house for precooling, and the melon should be picked and transported by light weight and placed in light weight, so that friction damage of the melon and the melon is avoided as much as possible.
Example 3
A labor-saving cultivation method of muskmelon comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing
Ploughing and preparing the soil in 3-4 months, directly paving a film, paving a drip irrigation belt, and then drip-irrigating seedling water with the water drop of 50m 3 Per mu; and (3) manually dibbling after 2-3 days of water dripping, wherein the plant-row spacing of dibbling is controlled at 0.3 multiplied by 1.5m, and the seed application amount is 45 g/mu.
S2, constructing an arch covering film
After manual dibbling, a small arch covering film is built, about 170 glass fiber arches with the length of 2.5m and the diameter of 6mm are used for each mu, and the using amount of the covering film with the thickness of 0.05mm is 25 kg/mu.
S3, seedling management
The seedlings emerge 7-10 days after sowing, the germination accelerating and reseeding are carried out on the areas with bad emergence, and the seedlings are placed under the film and soil is supported in time; according to weather conditions and seedling conditions, ventilation is started in the last ten days of 4 months, ventilation openings are gradually increased at intervals of 50-60 m at two sides of a small arch along with the rising of air temperature until all the greenhouse films are lifted in the last ten days of 4 months, and the greenhouse films are removed; and 6-8 true leaves of the plant are subjected to vine inversion.
S4, pruning management
Pruning is mainly carried out by single-vine pruning, when 5 leaves of muskmelon are true, the vines sent out from leaf axils are wiped off, when the main vines grow to 80-90 cm, all the vines of the leaf axils below the 9 th section are wiped off, starting from the 9 th vine, 3 continuous vines with female flowers at the first section are selected, and 1 leaf is left for picking before flowers.
S5, melon turning
Picking off abnormal fruits, rotten fruits and pest-damaged fruits in time when the diameter of the young melon is 5cm, selecting one melon with good fruits for each plant, and putting the melon on the ground; after the diameter of the young melon reaches 10cm, the fruit is firstly covered with a bag to prevent sunburn, and then the melon is padded.
S6, drip irrigation and watering
And after emergence, watering the seedlings above 35d, and dripping 47 of the first time.5m 3 Per mu, the soil is soaked to the outer edge of the film by the moisture. Dripping the second water after 10-12 d, wherein the dripping amount is 37.5m 3 Per mu. Dripping water for 7-9 d each time after flowering and melon making, wherein the dripping water amount is reduced along with plant growth according to a certain gradient and is respectively 37.5m 3 Per mu, 22.5m 3 Mu/12.5 m 3 Per mu. Dropping water for 7-9 days after the mature period of the fruit, controlling the water content to be 12.5m 3 Per mu. The dripping was stopped 10d before fruit harvest. Total amount of dripping water 175m in growing period 3 Per mu.
S7, watering is carried out in combination with drip irrigation to apply water-soluble fertilizer
The melon vine stage combines with water dripping, and each time the urea 4.5 kg/mu, the diamine phosphate 4.5 kg/mu and the microbial fertilizer 3.5 kg/mu are applied.
After the melon setting work is finished, the positive value young melon rapid expansion period is combined with water dripping, and urea 3 kg/mu, N-P-K (10-20-20) water-soluble fertilizer 1 kg/mu and microbial fertilizer 3 kg/mu are applied each time; the plant diseases and insect pests can be prevented and treated singly or in combination in the fruit expanding period, and 0.1% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on leaf surfaces.
After the fruit shows the net, the water-soluble fertilizer of N-P-K (7-10-42) is applied by combining with water drops each time, and the weight of the water-soluble fertilizer is 0.6 kg/mu.
S8, comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests
The agricultural control measures are enhanced, the deep ploughing is realized, the continuous cropping is avoided, and the vegetable crops and the greenhouse area are kept away as far as possible; early prevention work is done, and chemical agents are used for preventive spraying for 1-2 times in the whole growth period of the common muskmelon.
S9, harvesting and storing
Harvesting in time after the melons are ripe in the middle and late 6 months to the beginning 7 months, harvesting after the melons are ripe, and harvesting after the commercial melons are ripe in eight, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the morning or in the evening in sunny days, and 10-15 cm of horseshoe-shaped melon stems are reserved; the picked melon should prevent sunburn and rain, and the nylon foaming net bags are sleeved in time for boxing and transported to a refrigeration house for precooling, and the melon should be picked and transported by light weight and placed in light weight, so that friction damage of the melon and the melon is avoided as much as possible.
Comparative example 1
The conventional farmland ditching planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing: spring irrigation is carried out in the middle of 3 months, and the irrigation quantity is 150m 3 And (3) ditching and film covering are carried out in the next ten days of 3 months when the soil humidity is proper per mu, the thickness of the arch covering film is 0.01mm, and an arch bar is not used, so that a soil bag film pressing mode is directly used. Then, manual dibbling is carried out, the plant-row spacing of dibbling is controlled to be 0.3 multiplied by 1.7m, and the seed consumption is controlled to be 40-45 g/mu.
S2, field management: in the growth period, the hole fertilization is carried out by combining with the furrow irrigation; 2 times of water filling, one time in 5 months and one time in 6 months, the water filling amount is 120m each time 3 Per mu. And combining two times of watering and fertilizing, and using 25-30 kg/mu of urea and 20-30 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate. The work of pruning, melon reserving, melon selecting and the like is not performed.
S3, spraying foliar fertilizer: in the fruit expanding period, a foliar fertilizer is sprayed, and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is used as the foliar fertilizer.
The effect of the cultivation methods of examples 1 to 3 is substantially the same, and therefore, the method of example 1 alone is compared with the conventional field ditching cultivation method of comparative example 1.
1. Comparison of fertility period
The growth period of the method of example 1 is compared with that of the conventional field ditching planting method of comparative example 1, and is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 growth period comparison of different cultivation methods
As can be seen from the comparison of Table 1, the cultivation method of the embodiment 1 of the present invention is helpful for shortening melon growth period and improving economic value compared with the conventional ditching planting method.
2. Full growth period water saving effect, yield and commodity rate comparison
The water saving effect, yield and commodity rate of the method of example 1 are compared with those of the conventional field ditching planting method of comparative example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Water saving effect, yield and commodity Rate comparison results
| Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | |
| Full growth period water filling quantity (m) 3 ) | 235 | 390 |
| Plant row spacing configuration (m) | 1.5m×0.3 | 1.7m×0.3 |
| Mu plant number (plant/mu) | 1482 | 1307 |
| Single melon weight (kg/individual) | 2.089 | 1.869 |
| Acre theoretical yield (kg/acre) | 3095.9 | 2442.78 |
| Commodity melon rate (%) | 85.05 | 60.12 |
| First grade commodity melon yield (kg/mu) | 2633.06 | 1468.6 |
As can be seen from the comparison results of Table 2, compared with the conventional ditching planting method, the cultivation method of the embodiment 1 of the invention can reduce the irrigation amount in the whole growth period, obviously improve the weight of single melon, increase the per mu theoretical yield by 26.7%, increase the commodity melon rate by 41.5% and increase the first-grade commodity melon yield by 79.3%.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The labor-saving cultivation method of muskmelon is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, sowing
After soil preparation for 3-4 months, laying a film and a drip irrigation tape, and then drip irrigation seedling emergence water with the water dripping amount of 40-50 m 3 After 2-3 days of water dripping, manual dibbling is carried out, the seed application amount is 45-50 g/mu, and then an arch covering film is built;
s2, field management
In the growing period, the water-soluble fertilizer is applied in combination with drip irrigation and watering; wherein, the water is dripped for many times in the growing period, and the total amount of the dripping water is 160-190 m 3 Per mu;
s3, spraying foliar fertilizer
Spraying foliar fertilizer in the fruit expanding period, wherein the foliar fertilizer uses 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution;
s2, drip irrigation and watering are carried out as follows:
watering after 35d of squatting seedlings after emergence, wherein the water drop of the first drip irrigation watering is 40-50 m 3 Per mu;
after 10-12 d, the secondary drip irrigation is carried out, the drip irrigation water is carried out, and the water dropping quantity is 35-40 m 3 Per mu;
watering is carried out by drip irrigation every 8-10 d after flowering and melon sitting, and the water dripping amount is 35-40 m 3 Gradually decrease per mu to 10-15 m 3 Per mu;
the fruit is irrigated by drip irrigation every 7 to 9 days in the mature period, and the drip irrigation quantity is 10 to 15m 3 Per mu;
stopping dripping water 10d before fruit harvesting;
s2, the following operation is carried out on the water-soluble fertilizer:
urea 4-5 kg/mu, diamine phosphate 4-5 kg/mu and microbial fertilizer 2.5-3.5 kg/mu are used in combination with drip irrigation and watering in the vine stretching period;
2-3 kg/mu of urea, 0.8-1 kg/mu of 10N-20P-20K water-soluble fertilizer and 2.5-3 kg/mu of microbial fertilizer are used in combination with drip irrigation and watering in the rapid expansion period;
after the fruit is net-developed, the water-soluble fertilizer of 7N-10P-42K is used for 0.5-0.8 kg/mu in combination with drip irrigation;
s2, during the period of stretching vines, when 5 leaves are true, removing the vines sent out from axilla; when the main vines grow to 80-90 cm, all the vines of the axilla below the 9 th node are wiped off; starting from the 9 th seed vine, 3 seed vines with female flowers at the first positions are selected, and 1 leaf of the seed vine is left for picking before flowers.
2. The method for labor-saving cultivation of muskmelon according to claim 1, wherein in S2, after emergence of seedlings, the greenhouse film is removed in the late 4 months by taking out the arch and releasing air every 50-60 m and gradually increasing the air release opening.
3. The labor-saving cultivation method of muskmelon according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the plant-to-line spacing of the seed is controlled to be 0.3×1.5m.
4. The labor-saving cultivation method of muskmelon according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the thickness of the arch canopy film is 0.04-0.05 mm.
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