CN112335510B - Cultivation method for dwarfing, thickening and rain-proof peanuts - Google Patents

Cultivation method for dwarfing, thickening and rain-proof peanuts Download PDF

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CN112335510B
CN112335510B CN202011217203.8A CN202011217203A CN112335510B CN 112335510 B CN112335510 B CN 112335510B CN 202011217203 A CN202011217203 A CN 202011217203A CN 112335510 B CN112335510 B CN 112335510B
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flowering
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CN112335510A (en
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曲杰
高建强
吴丽青
程亮
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Heze academy of agricultural sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A01N43/6531,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C11/00Other nitrogenous fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

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Abstract

The invention discloses a peanut dwarfing, thickening and overcast and rain resistant cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural production. Compared with the existing planting method, the peanut dwarfing, thickening and rain-proof cultivation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the average main stem height and the average side branch length of the harvested peanuts are reduced, the number of single-plant fruits is obviously increased, and the density and the average yield are obviously improved.

Description

Cultivation method for dwarfing, thickening and rain-proof peanuts
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a dwarfing, thickening and overcast and rain resistant peanut cultivation method.
Background
In the prior art, the mode that peanuts obtain high yield by single plants is changed by improving the planting density, so that the purpose of increasing the yield by groups is realized. However, field closure and unsmooth field ventilation are easily caused by large-group cultivation, and the risks of peanut plant diseases and insect pests and lodging are aggravated. The density of peanuts should be increased on the basis of reducing the plant height of the peanuts, the conventional cultivation of the conventional peanut varieties is generally high, part of short-stalk varieties have poor production capacity, are easy to senilism, have serious late-stage fallen leaves and are difficult to harvest. And the proper variety needs to be screened when the dwarfing and densifying cultivation is carried out by adopting corresponding cultivation measures. After the rainy season comes, due to long-time rainfall, the risk of field closure is increased, the lower layer leaves are influenced by high humidity, under the condition of high humidity and low illumination, the photosynthetic products of the peanuts are insufficient, the photosynthetic products are important factors causing the premature senility of the leaves, diseases are caused to occur in advance by high temperature and high humidity, and a plurality of factors are main reasons influencing the high yield and the stable yield of the peanuts.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide a cultivation method for dwarfing, densifying and resisting rain.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a cultivation method for peanut dwarfing, densification and rain resistance, which is rain-proof and high in yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a peanut dwarfing, thickening and rain-proof cultivation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting varieties with few branches, thick and strong stems, few needles (not too much) after flowering, green leaves or dark green; the concrete requirements are as follows: peanut plants have 5-6 branches, the diameter of the stem at the base reaches 0.3-0.5cm, the flowering is concentrated below 1 section on the ground, more than 1 section does not bloom, no fruit needle exists, the leaves are thick and green, and the peanut plants have medium size;
(2) ridging, film mulching and planting, single-seed sowing, and the specific requirements are as follows: the ridge height is 15-18cm, the ridge surface width is 40-45cm, and the ridge distance is 80-90 cm; sowing one ridge and two rows, dibbling single seeds, and planting distance is 8-10 cm; when the ridge spacing is 90cm, selecting 8cm plant spacing, and when the ridge spacing is 80cm, selecting 10cm plant spacing;
(3) the chemical control agent is applied to control the slow growth of the peanut stem internodes and the growth in advance, and the growth is carried out for three times
Firstly, performing chemical control, namely when the main stem is 10-12cm high, the peanut can be seen as early flowering, and 10-12g of chemical control agent is applied per mu;
secondly, performing chemical control, namely, when the main stem is 20-25cm high, the fruit needles can be seen to be pricked downwards, and the distance is 20 days from the first chemical control, wherein 10-12g of chemical control agent is applied to each mu;
thirdly, performing third chemical control, wherein when the height of a stem is 30-35cm, or before long-term rainy days come, or in the interval of twice rainy days, the distance is 30 days from the second chemical control, and 10-12g of chemical control agent is applied to each mu;
(4) promote the early flowering, early blooming, early termination of flowering phase, and concentrated flowering and fruiting of peanuts
After 20 days of germination, inhibiting vegetative growth, promoting reproductive growth and promoting early flowering: spraying a compound regulating substance I on the leaf surfaces, wherein the dosage per mu is 100-200 g; the composite regulating substance I comprises: 10% abscisic acid (ABA), 10% ethephon, 40% monopotassium phosphate, 10% boric acid, 15% ammonium molybdate, 10% zinc sulfate and 5% acetylsalicylic acid;
abscisic acid provides a stress signal to change the growth direction of the peanuts; the ethephon releases ethylene, thereby promoting the maturity of tissues and inducing the peanut to bloom; monopotassium phosphate supplements substances required for photosynthesis substance transportation and phosphatase; boric acid, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate provide microelements for promoting flowering; the acetylsalicylic acid has the functions of disease resistance, heat resistance and ultraviolet radiation resistance in plants, and relieves the damage caused by improper dosage of regulating substances.
Secondly, the full-bloom period is started 10 days after blooming, the blooming period is shortened, the concentrated needle sowing rate is improved, and the full fruit number during harvesting is promoted: spraying a compound regulating substance II on the leaf surfaces, wherein the dosage per mu is 200 plus 300 g; the compound regulating substance II comprises: 30% of granulated sugar, 20% of monosodium glutamate, 40% of monoammonium phosphate and 10% of zinc sulfate;
the granulated sugar provides glucose required by flowering, and is beneficial to the establishment of floral organs; the monosodium glutamate can provide various amino acids and supplement the requirement of flowers for forming the amino acids; monoammonium phosphate provides the reproductive organs with phosphorus and nitrogen requirements; zinc sulfate promotes the activity of various enzymes in plants.
Third, inhibit the later floret, promote the formation of the fruit needle: spraying the leaf surface with the dosage of 20g per mu;
the Qingxiansu has the function of inhibiting flower bud differentiation, can cause male sterility, can effectively inhibit flowering, inhibit the formation of fruit needles and reduce energy waste.
(5) Improve the negative resistance of the peanuts, and the tendency of low temperature and little illumination and aggravation of diseases caused by continuous rainy days, and solve the problem of yield reduction caused by long-term rainy days for the peanuts in the north
Supplementing photosynthetic products, keeping green leaves, and improving enzyme activity: before a rainy season comes, in a rainfall interval and after rainfall, spraying composite substances on the leaf surfaces for 3-5 times, wherein the dosage of each time is 200-300 g/mu, and the composite substances comprise: 40% of granulated sugar, 15% of copper sulfate, 10% of chelated amino acid, 15% of fulvic acid potassium, 10% of manganese sulfate and 10% of zinc sulfate;
the granulated sugar supplements the energy shortage caused by insufficient photosynthesis; the copper sulfate can keep the green of the leaves and has the function of sterilization; the chelated amino acid supplements amino acid, so that the enzyme activity is improved; the fulvic acid potassium coordinates substance transportation in vivo and relieves the damage caused by adverse circumstances; manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate provide metal ions combined by enzyme, and the enzyme activity in the peanut body is improved.
Secondly, reducing the leaf surface diseases, prolonging the functional period of the leaves and repairing the damage caused by overcast and rainy days: after precipitation stops, spraying a repairing agent on the leaf surfaces to improve the recovery capability of plants; the repairing agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 100 g/mu of urea, 100 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 150 g/mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 ml/mu of brassinolide, 20 g/mu of sodium nitrophenolate and 610-15 g/mu of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate.
The urea and the monopotassium phosphate supplement the shortage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium caused by long-term rainwater; brassinolide is a novel green and environment-friendly plant growth regulator, can promote the growth of crops such as vegetables, melons, fruits and the like, can improve the quality and the yield, is bright in color and luster, and has thicker leaves; the compound sodium nitrophenolate is a powerful cell activator, can quickly permeate into a plant body after contacting with the plant, promotes the protoplasm flow of cells, and improves the cell activity; the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate DA-6 can improve the contents of chlorophyll, protein and nucleic acid in plants and the photosynthetic rate, improve the activities of peroxidase and nitrate reductase, accelerate the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the plants, enhance the absorption of the plants to water and fertilizer and the accumulation of dry substances, regulate the water balance in vivo, delay the senescence of the plants, promote the early maturity and yield increase of the crops and improve the product quality.
Further, the chemical control agent in the step (3) comprises: 25% of paclobutrazol, 40% of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 20% of mepiquat chloride, 10% of granulated sugar and 5% of mucopolysaccharide.
The paclobutrazol is residual in crops, the uniconazole is not residual, the mepiquat chloride is easy to degrade, granulated sugar and mucopolysaccharide can increase the adhesiveness of the main components of the chemical control agent, and can supplement a small amount of sugar at the same time, so that the problem of insufficient photosynthetic products in vivo is solved, and the mucopolysaccharide is a beneficial substance required by the growth of peanuts.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the peanut dwarfing, thickening and rain-proof cultivation method is disclosed, and compared with the existing cultivation method, the peanut dwarfing, thickening and rain-proof cultivation method has the advantages that the average main stem height, the average side branch length and the number of single-plant fruits are obviously increased, and the density and the average yield are obviously improved when peanuts are harvested.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A peanut dwarfing, thickening and rain-proof cultivation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting a peanut variety: lotus flower No. 11;
(2) ridging, film mulching and planting, and single-seed sowing: the ridge height is 15cm, the ridge surface width is 40cm, and the ridge distance is 80 cm; sowing one ridge and two rows, dibbling single seeds, and planting distance is 10 cm;
(3) applying chemical control agent to control slow growth of peanut stem internodes, and carrying out the control in three times
The chemical control agent comprises: 25% of paclobutrazol, 40% of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 20% of mepiquat chloride, 10% of granulated sugar and 5% of mucopolysaccharide.
Firstly, performing chemical control, namely, when the main stem is 10-12cm high, the peanuts initially bloom, and 10g of chemical control agent is applied to each mu;
secondly, performing secondary chemical control, namely, when the height of a main stem is 20-25cm, pricking fruit needles downwards, and applying 10g of chemical control agent per mu 20 days away from the primary chemical control;
thirdly, performing third chemical control, wherein when the height of a stem is 30-35cm, or before long-term rainy days come, or in the interval of twice rainy days, the distance is 30 days from the second chemical control, and 10g of chemical control agent is applied to each mu of land;
(4) promote the early flowering, early blooming, early termination of flowering phase, and concentrated flowering and fruiting of peanuts
After 20 days of germination, inhibiting vegetative growth, promoting reproductive growth and promoting early flowering: spraying a compound regulating substance I on the leaf surfaces, wherein the dosage per mu is 100 g; the composite regulating substance I comprises: 10% of abscisic acid, 10% of ethephon, 40% of monopotassium phosphate, 10% of boric acid, 15% of ammonium molybdate, 10% of zinc sulfate and 5% of acetylsalicylic acid;
secondly, the full-bloom period is started 10 days after blooming, the blooming period is shortened, the concentrated needle sowing rate is improved, and the full fruit number during harvesting is promoted: spraying a compound regulating substance II on the leaf surfaces, wherein the dosage per mu is 200 g; the compound regulating substance II comprises: 30% of granulated sugar, 20% of monosodium glutamate, 40% of monoammonium phosphate and 10% of zinc sulfate;
third, inhibit the later floret, promote the formation of the fruit needle: spraying the leaf surface with the dosage of 20g per mu;
(5) improving peanut negative tolerance
Supplementing photosynthetic products, keeping green leaves, and improving enzyme activity: before a rainy season comes, in a rainfall interval and after rainfall, spraying the compound substances on the leaf surfaces for 3 times, wherein the dosage of each time is 300 g/mu, and the compound substances comprise: 40% of granulated sugar, 15% of copper sulfate, 10% of chelated amino acid, 15% of fulvic acid potassium, 10% of manganese sulfate and 10% of zinc sulfate;
secondly, reducing the leaf surface diseases, prolonging the functional period of the leaves and repairing the damage caused by overcast and rainy days: after precipitation stops, spraying a repairing agent on the leaf surfaces; the repairing agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 100 g/mu of urea, 100 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 20 ml/mu of brassinolide, 20 g/mu of sodium nitrophenolate and 10 g/mu of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate.
Example 2
A peanut dwarfing, thickening and rain-proof cultivation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting a peanut variety: lotus flower No. 11;
(2) ridging, film mulching and planting, and single-seed sowing: the ridge height is 18cm, the ridge surface width is 45cm, and the ridge distance is 90 cm; sowing one ridge and two rows, dibbling single seeds, and planting distance is 8 cm;
(3) applying chemical control agent to control slow growth of peanut stem internodes, and carrying out the control in three times
The chemical control agent comprises: 25% of paclobutrazol, 40% of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 20% of mepiquat chloride, 10% of granulated sugar and 5% of mucopolysaccharide.
Firstly, performing chemical control, namely, when the main stem is 10-12cm high, the peanuts initially bloom, and 12g of chemical control agent is applied to each mu;
secondly, performing secondary chemical control, namely, when the height of a main stem is 20-25cm, pricking fruit needles downwards, and applying 12g of chemical control agent per mu 20 days away from the primary chemical control;
thirdly, performing third chemical control, wherein when the height of a stem is 30-35cm, or before long-term rainy days come, or in the interval of twice rainy days, the distance is 30 days from the second chemical control, and 12g of chemical control agent is applied to each mu of land;
(4) promote the early flowering, early blooming, early termination of flowering phase, and concentrated flowering and fruiting of peanuts
After 20 days of germination, inhibiting vegetative growth, promoting reproductive growth and promoting early flowering: spraying a compound regulating substance I on the leaf surfaces, wherein the dosage of the compound regulating substance I is 200g per mu; the composite regulating substance I comprises: 10% of abscisic acid, 10% of ethephon, 40% of monopotassium phosphate, 10% of boric acid, 15% of ammonium molybdate, 10% of zinc sulfate and 5% of acetylsalicylic acid;
secondly, the full-bloom period is started 10 days after blooming, the blooming period is shortened, the concentrated needle sowing rate is improved, and the full fruit number during harvesting is promoted: spraying a compound regulating substance II on the leaf surfaces, wherein the dosage per mu is 300 g; the compound regulating substance II comprises: 30% of granulated sugar, 20% of monosodium glutamate, 40% of monoammonium phosphate and 10% of zinc sulfate;
third, inhibit the later floret, promote the formation of the fruit needle: spraying the leaf surface with the dosage of 20g per mu;
(5) improving peanut negative tolerance
Supplementing photosynthetic products, keeping green leaves, and improving enzyme activity: before a rainy season comes, in a rainfall interval and after rainfall, spraying the compound substances on the leaf surfaces for 5 times, wherein the dosage of each time is 200 g/mu, and the compound substances comprise: 40% of granulated sugar, 15% of copper sulfate, 10% of chelated amino acid, 15% of fulvic acid potassium, 10% of manganese sulfate and 10% of zinc sulfate;
secondly, reducing the leaf surface diseases, prolonging the functional period of the leaves and repairing the damage caused by overcast and rainy days: after precipitation stops, spraying a repairing agent on the leaf surfaces; the repairing agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 100 g/mu of urea, 150 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 20 ml/mu of brassinolide, 20 g/mu of sodium nitrophenolate and 15 g/mu of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate.
Example 3
A peanut dwarfing, thickening and rain-proof cultivation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting a peanut variety: lotus flower No. 11;
(2) ridging, film mulching and planting, and single-seed sowing: the ridge height is 16cm, the ridge surface width is 42.5cm, and the ridge distance is 85 cm; sowing one ridge and two rows, dibbling single seeds, and planting distance is 9 cm;
(3) applying chemical control agent to control slow growth of peanut stem internodes, and carrying out the control in three times
The chemical control agent comprises: 25% of paclobutrazol, 40% of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 20% of mepiquat chloride, 10% of granulated sugar and 5% of mucopolysaccharide.
Firstly, performing chemical control, namely, when the main stem is 10-12cm high, the peanuts initially bloom, and 11g of chemical control agent is applied to each mu;
secondly, performing secondary chemical control, namely, when the height of a main stem is 20-25cm, pricking fruit needles downwards, and applying 11g of chemical control agent per mu 20 days away from the primary chemical control;
thirdly, performing third chemical control, wherein 11g of chemical control agent is applied to each mu when the height of a stem is 30-35cm, or before long-term rainy days, or in the interval of twice rainy days, is 30 days away from the second chemical control;
(4) promote the early flowering, early blooming, early termination of flowering phase, and concentrated flowering and fruiting of peanuts
After 20 days of germination, inhibiting vegetative growth, promoting reproductive growth and promoting early flowering: spraying a compound regulating substance I on the leaf surfaces, wherein the dosage per mu is 150 g; the composite regulating substance I comprises: 10% of abscisic acid, 10% of ethephon, 40% of monopotassium phosphate, 10% of boric acid, 15% of ammonium molybdate, 10% of zinc sulfate and 5% of acetylsalicylic acid;
secondly, the full-bloom period is started 10 days after blooming, the blooming period is shortened, the concentrated needle sowing rate is improved, and the full fruit number during harvesting is promoted: spraying a compound regulating substance II on the leaf surfaces, wherein the dosage per mu is 250 g; the compound regulating substance II comprises: 30% of granulated sugar, 20% of monosodium glutamate, 40% of monoammonium phosphate and 10% of zinc sulfate;
third, inhibit the later floret, promote the formation of the fruit needle: spraying the leaf surface with the dosage of 20g per mu;
(5) improving peanut negative tolerance
Supplementing photosynthetic products, keeping green leaves, and improving enzyme activity: before a rainy season comes, in a rainfall interval and after rainfall, spraying the compound substances on the leaf surfaces for 4 times, wherein the dosage of each time is 250 g/mu, and the compound substances comprise: 40% of granulated sugar, 15% of copper sulfate, 10% of chelated amino acid, 15% of fulvic acid potassium, 10% of manganese sulfate and 10% of zinc sulfate;
secondly, reducing the leaf surface diseases, prolonging the functional period of the leaves and repairing the damage caused by overcast and rainy days: after precipitation stops, spraying a repairing agent on the leaf surfaces; the repairing agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 100 g/mu of urea, 100 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 20 ml/mu of brassinolide, 20 g/mu of sodium nitrophenolate and 15 g/mu of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate.
Comparative example
The conventional planting method comprises the following steps: irrigating first, the water consumption per mu is 40-60m3And then deeply turning and ridging, husking seeds with the seeding amount of 15 kg/mu and the density of 10000 holes/mu, and dibbling with double grains. The chemical control in the field adopts paclobutrazol, does not regulate growth, and does not use compound regulating and controlling substances, compound substances and repairing agents.
Peanuts were planted according to the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative example, respectively, and the parameters were recorded, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example
Density (cave/mu) 16600 18500 17400 10000
Average stem height (cm) at harvest 39.4 36.6 37.9 44.3
Average lateral branch length (cm) at harvest 40.3 37.8 39.2 49.6
Number of single plant fruit 14.2 12.7 13.6 10.6
Yield (kg/mu) 542.8 533.8 545.6 435.8
Compared with the existing planting method, the cultivation method provided by the embodiment 1-3 of the invention has the advantages that the average main stem height and the average side branch length of the harvested peanuts are reduced, the number of single-plant fruits is obviously increased, and the density and the average yield are obviously improved.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (2)

1. A peanut dwarfing, thickening and rain-proof cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) selecting varieties with few branches, thick and strong stems, less blossoming needles, green leaves or dark green;
(2) ridging, film mulching and planting, and single-seed sowing: the ridge height is 15-18cm, the ridge surface width is 40-45cm, and the ridge distance is 80-90 cm; sowing one ridge and two rows, dibbling single seeds, and planting distance is 8-10 cm;
(3) applying chemical control agent to control slow growth of peanut stem internodes, and carrying out the control in three times
Firstly, performing chemical control, namely, when the height of a main stem is 10-12cm, initially flowering peanuts, and applying 10-12g of chemical control agent per mu;
secondly, performing chemical control, namely, when the height of a main stem is 20-25cm, pricking fruit needles downwards, and applying 10-12g of chemical control agent per mu after 20 days from the first chemical control;
thirdly, performing third chemical control, wherein when the height of a stem is 30-35cm, or before long-term rainy days come, or in the interval of twice rainy days, the distance is 30 days from the second chemical control, and 10-12g of chemical control agent is applied to each mu;
(4) promote the early flowering, early blooming, early termination of flowering phase, and concentrated flowering and fruiting of peanuts
After 20 days of germination, inhibiting vegetative growth, promoting reproductive growth and promoting early flowering: spraying a compound regulating substance I on the leaf surfaces, wherein the dosage per mu is 100-200 g; the composite regulating substance I comprises: 10% of abscisic acid, 10% of ethephon, 40% of monopotassium phosphate, 10% of boric acid, 15% of ammonium molybdate, 10% of zinc sulfate and 5% of acetylsalicylic acid;
secondly, the full-bloom period is started 10 days after blooming, the blooming period is shortened, the concentrated needle sowing rate is improved, and the full fruit number during harvesting is promoted: spraying a compound regulating substance II on the leaf surfaces, wherein the dosage per mu is 200 plus 300 g; the compound regulating substance II comprises: 30% of granulated sugar, 20% of monosodium glutamate, 40% of monoammonium phosphate and 10% of zinc sulfate;
third, inhibit the later floret, promote the formation of the fruit needle: spraying the leaf surface with the dosage of 20g per mu;
(5) improving peanut negative tolerance
Supplementing photosynthetic products, keeping green leaves, and improving enzyme activity: before a rainy season comes, in a rainfall interval and after rainfall, spraying composite substances on the leaf surfaces for 3-5 times, wherein the dosage of each time is 200-300 g/mu, and the composite substances comprise: 40% of granulated sugar, 15% of copper sulfate, 10% of chelated amino acid, 15% of fulvic acid potassium, 10% of manganese sulfate and 10% of zinc sulfate;
secondly, reducing the leaf surface diseases, prolonging the functional period of the leaves and repairing the damage caused by overcast and rainy days: after precipitation stops, spraying a repairing agent on the leaf surfaces; the repairing agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 100 g/mu of urea, 100 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 150 g/mu of brassinolide, 20 ml/mu of sodium nitrophenolate and 10-15 g/mu of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate.
2. The peanut dwarfing, thickening and rainy-resistant cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical control agent in step (3) comprises: 25% of paclobutrazol, 40% of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 20% of mepiquat chloride, 10% of granulated sugar and 5% of mucopolysaccharide.
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