CN108934839B - Cultivation method capable of improving disease resistance of corn - Google Patents
Cultivation method capable of improving disease resistance of corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN108934839B CN108934839B CN201810588188.4A CN201810588188A CN108934839B CN 108934839 B CN108934839 B CN 108934839B CN 201810588188 A CN201810588188 A CN 201810588188A CN 108934839 B CN108934839 B CN 108934839B
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- corn
- radix pseudostellariae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving disease resistance of crops, in particular to a cultivation method capable of improving disease resistance of corn. The method provided by the invention has excellent auxiliary effect on the corn yield increase for two years, and compared with the common single corn, the method provided by the invention can increase the yield by 41.1-45.5% compared with the single corn; the yield of the corn in the second year is increased by 35.14-37.75% per unit weight; the continuous increase of the corn yield is realized; the growth of the radix pseudostellariae is also improved excellently, and the annual yield of the radix pseudostellariae is improved by 23.75-35% compared with the single yield; the yield of the second year is improved by 31.87 to 40.62 percent compared with the yield of a single material. Meanwhile, the method provided by the invention effectively inhibits the radix pseudostellariae from suffering from root rot and the corn from suffering from gray leaf spot; greatly improves the disease resistance of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving disease resistance and yield of crops, in particular to a cultivation method capable of improving disease resistance of corn.
Background
Corn is one of the most important food grains in the world, wherein the corn accounts for 50 percent of the food composition of Asians, and more than 90 percent of the food composition of Asians are important components of people's lives; radix Pseudostellariae, also known as Pseudostellariae heterophylla, and Scorphia heterophylla; is a Chinese medicinal material with qi invigorating and spleen invigorating effects, is dry root tuber of Pseudostellaria heterophylla of Caryophyllaceae, and is used for treating spleen deficiency, asthenia, anorexia, weakness after illness, deficiency of qi and yin, spontaneous perspiration, thirst, and dry cough due to lung dryness; the method has great economic value, the radix pseudostellariae is widely distributed in China and grows in the valley of 800 plus 2700 m; the yield is low, the scale is difficult to form, and in the planting process, the heterophylly falsestarwort root is susceptible to root rot, and the corn is susceptible to gray leaf spot and northern leaf spot; crop diseases greatly influence the realization of the economic values of the two.
Interplanting (relay cropping) refers to a planting mode of sowing among rows in the late growth period of the previous season crops or transplanting the later season crops, and is also called relay intercropping and seed stringing. Compared with a single crop, the method can not only make full use of space in stages, but also can prolong the growing season of the later-season crops, improve the multiple cropping index and improve the total annual output; the waste of light energy is reduced, and a complementary effect can be generated between two crops; reducing the prevalence rate.
At present, the prior art records that the related technologies of researching intercropping and interplanting of corn and radix pseudostellariae mainly focus on improving the yield of the corn participated by the radix pseudostellariae, but the problem of improving the disease resistance of the corn participated by the radix pseudostellariae is not solved, but the yield of the crop can be better ensured only by improving the disease resistance of the crop, so that a method for improving the disease resistance of the corn and the radix pseudostellariae is urgently needed to be provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a cultivation method capable of improving the disease resistance of corn, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a field with deep soil and good drainage, deeply digging the field, removing crop stubbles, and uniformly spreading the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer serving as a base fertilizer; the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: human and animal excrement, ammonium phosphate, lanthanum nitrate, zinc nitrate, illite powder, bentonite, humic acid and trace elements are 30-40: 5-10: 0.5-1: 1-2: 3-4: 5-10: 10-15: 1-1.5;
(2) sowing: sowing root tubers of the radix pseudostellariae in the middle ten days of 11 months, wherein the row spacing and the row spacing of the radix pseudostellariae seedlings are 7.6cm, and the inter-plant spacing is 11 cm; sowing corn in the field planted by the radix pseudostellariae in spring, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the corn are 30cm and 40 cm;
(3) field management:
topdressing: when 11 true leaves of the corn are unfolded, dressing 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer on the corn; when 2 pieces of true leaves of the radix pseudostellariae are unfolded, dressing 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu of radix pseudostellariae; the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight, lanthanum nitrate, zinc nitrate and amino acid in a ratio of 1-1.5: 2-2.5: 1-2.5; the concentration of the compound fertilizer is 95%.
In order to improve the yield of the radix pseudostellariae simultaneously, the inventor tries to plant the corn and the radix pseudostellariae by adopting an interplanting method, but the land for planting the radix pseudostellariae is generally barren, and in order to improve the soil, provide better nutrition for the growth of crops and improve the disease resistance of the crops, the inventor adopts decomposed organic fertilizer as soil base fertilizer to solve the problem; but the improvement of soil and the compounding of various nutrient elements only can improve the yield of the pseudostellaria root and the corn and do not play a good role in the disease resistance of the pseudostellaria root and the corn; on the basis of using the organic fertilizer, the inventor applies the compound fertilizer in the growth period, wherein the compound fertilizer mainly takes lanthanum nitrate, zinc nitrate and amino acid as main components, and on one hand, nitrate radical can provide nitrogen nutrition for plants; on the other hand, lanthanum ions and zinc ions can sterilize plants and stimulate the activity of enzymes in soil to improve the absorption of nutrients so as to promote the growth of the plants; and further prevent and control insect pests in a biological prevention mode so as to ensure the yield and quality of products.
As a preferred embodiment, the application concentration of the compound fertilizer in the step (2) is 300 times diluted; the application mode is leaf spraying; under the condition of diluting 300 times of the compound fertilizer, the disease-resistant effect on plants is optimal, the disease-resistant capability of the plants can be assisted and synergized by spraying the leaves, and the excellent effect of reducing the plant morbidity for two years is finally achieved.
In a preferable embodiment, the land parcel in the step (1) has an altitude of 2000-2200 m; under the altitude, the growth conditions of the corn and the radix pseudostellariae are optimal, and the yield of the corn and the radix pseudostellariae is guaranteed.
In a preferred embodiment, the sowing time of the corn in the step (2) is 3 middle of the month.
In a preferred embodiment, the seeding rate of the corn in the step (2) is 2 grains per hole.
As a preferred embodiment, the planting manner of the radix pseudostellariae seedlings in the step (2) further comprises: after sowing, the seeds need to be covered with weeds and watered thoroughly.
As a preferred embodiment, the disease-resistant nutritional organic compound fertilizer in the step (1) further comprises yeast and trichoderma viride; the organic fertilizer is guaranteed to be decomposed and the germs of the organic fertilizer are killed.
As a preferred embodiment, the dosage of the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer used in the step (1) is 1500 kg/mu.
As a preferred embodiment, the field management in step (3) further comprises:
A. draining: clearing weeds and rotten leaves in rainy season; accumulated water needs to be drained in time from deep ditches around the planting land;
B. insect pest prevention: the aphids and cutworms are prevented mainly by adopting a biological prevention and control mode; the rest is carried out according to a conventional insect prevention method; the use of pesticides is reduced as much as possible, and the product quality is ensured.
Advantageous effects
1. The invention has excellent effect of improving the growth of the corn, has excellent auxiliary effect of increasing the yield of the corn for two consecutive years, and improves the yield of the corn in the first year by 41.1 to 45.5 percent compared with the single corn; the yield of the corn in the second year is increased by 35.14-37.75% per unit weight; realizing the continuous increase of the corn yield.
2. The invention also has excellent effect of improving the growth of the radix pseudostellariae, and compared with the common yield of the radix pseudostellariae interplanted in the field; the annual yield of the radix pseudostellariae is increased by 23.75-35% compared with the common interplanting yield; compared with the common interplanting yield, the yield in the second year is improved by 31.87-40.62 percent.
3. The invention can also effectively inhibit radix pseudostellariae from suffering from root rot and corn from suffering from grey leaf spot; greatly improves the disease resistance of crops and realizes the technical effect of continuous strong bacteriostasis for two years.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples, which are intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method capable of improving the disease resistance of corn comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a field with the altitude of 2000m and deep soil and good drainage, deeply digging the field, removing crop stubble, and uniformly spreading the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer at the rate of 1500 kg/mu; the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer is a mixture of human and animal excreta, ammonium phosphate, lanthanum nitrate, zinc nitrate, illite powder, bentonite, humic acid and trace elements, wherein the weight ratio of the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer to the human and animal excreta is 30: 5: 0.5: 1: 3: 5: 10: 1; the components contained in the composition are all commercial products; in the preparation process of the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer, yeast powder and trichoderma viride are added for sterilization, and fermentation and decomposition are completed;
(2) sowing: sowing root tubers of the radix pseudostellariae in the middle ten days of 11 months, wherein the row spacing and the row spacing of the sowed radix pseudostellariae are 7.6cm and 11cm, and the planted radix pseudostellariae is covered with weeds and watered thoroughly; in 3 middle ten days of the next year, interplanting corns in the field planted with the heterophylly falsestarwort root, sowing the corns in a poking mode, wherein each hole has 2 corns, the row spacing and the plant spacing of the corn planting are 30cm, and 40 cm;
(3) field management:
A. topdressing: when 11 true leaves of the corn are unfolded, 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is sprayed to the corn leaves; in the stage of expanding 2 pieces of true leaves of the radix pseudostellariae, dressing 20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer on the radix pseudostellariae; and draining: clearing weeds and rotten leaves in rainy season; accumulated water needs to be drained in time from deep ditches around the planting land; the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight, lanthanum nitrate, zinc nitrate and amino acid are 1-1.5: 2-2.5: 1-2.5, and the concentration of the compound fertilizer is 95%; when spraying, the concentration of the fertilizer is diluted by 300 times;
B. insect pest prevention: the aphids and cutworms are prevented mainly by adopting a biological prevention and control mode; the rest is carried out according to the conventional insect prevention method.
Example 2
A cultivation method capable of improving the disease resistance of corn comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a field with the altitude of 2200m and good deep soil drainage, deeply digging the field, removing crop stubble, and uniformly spreading the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer at the rate of 1500 kg/mu; the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer is a mixture of human and animal excreta, ammonium phosphate, lanthanum nitrate, zinc nitrate, illite powder, bentonite, humic acid and trace elements, wherein the weight ratio of the human and animal excreta to the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer is 40: 10: 1: 2: 4: 10: 15: 1.5; the components contained in the composition are all commercial products; in the preparation process of the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer, yeast powder and trichoderma viride are added for sterilization, and fermentation and decomposition are completed;
(2) sowing: sowing root tubers of the radix pseudostellariae in the middle ten days of 11 months, covering weeds after the radix pseudostellariae is planted, and watering thoroughly, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the radix pseudostellariae are 7.6cm and 11 cm; in 3 middle ten days of the next year, interplanting corns in the field planted with the heterophylly falsestarwort root, adopting a point-dialing mode, wherein each hole has 2 corns, the row spacing of the corn plants is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 40 cm;
(3) field management:
A. topdressing: when 11 true leaves of the corn are unfolded, 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is sprayed to the corn leaves; in the stage of expanding 2 pieces of true leaves of the radix pseudostellariae, dressing 20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer on the radix pseudostellariae; and draining: clearing weeds and rotten leaves in rainy season; accumulated water needs to be drained in time from deep ditches around the planting land; the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight, lanthanum nitrate, zinc nitrate and amino acid are 1-1.5: 2-2.5: 1-2.5, and the concentration of the compound fertilizer is 95%; when spraying, the concentration of the fertilizer is diluted by 300 times;
B. insect pest prevention: the aphids and cutworms are prevented mainly by adopting a biological prevention and control mode; the rest is carried out according to the conventional insect prevention method.
Example 3
A cultivation method capable of improving the disease resistance of corn comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a field with the altitude of 2200m and good deep soil drainage, deeply digging the field, removing crop stubble, and uniformly spreading the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer at the rate of 1500 kg/mu; the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer is a mixture of human and animal excreta, ammonium phosphate, lanthanum nitrate, zinc nitrate, illite powder, bentonite, humic acid and trace elements, wherein the weight ratio of the human and animal excreta to the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer is 35: 8: 0.7: 1.5: 3.5: 8: 9: 1.2; the components contained in the composition are all commercial products; in the preparation process of the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer, yeast powder and trichoderma viride are added for sterilization, and fermentation and decomposition are completed;
(2) sowing: sowing root tubers of the radix pseudostellariae in the middle ten days of 11 months, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the radix pseudostellariae sowing are 7.6cm and 11cm, and the radix pseudostellariae is covered with weeds and watered thoroughly after being planted; in 3 middle ten days of the next year, interplanting corns in the field planted with the heterophylly falsestarwort root, sowing the corns in a poking mode, wherein each hole has 2 corns, the row spacing and the plant spacing of the corn planting are 30cm, and 40 cm;
(3) field management:
A. topdressing: when 11 true leaves of the corn are unfolded, 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is sprayed to the corn leaves; in the stage of expanding 2 pieces of true leaves of the radix pseudostellariae, dressing 20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer on the radix pseudostellariae; and draining: clearing weeds and rotten leaves in rainy season; accumulated water needs to be drained in time from deep ditches around the planting land; the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight, lanthanum nitrate, zinc nitrate and amino acid are 1-1.5: 2-2.5: 1-2.5, and the concentration of the compound fertilizer is 95%; when spraying, the concentration of the fertilizer is diluted by 300 times;
B. insect pest prevention: the aphids and cutworms are prevented mainly by adopting a biological prevention and control mode; the rest is carried out according to the conventional insect prevention method.
Comparative example 1
The same method as that of example 1 is adopted, but lanthanum nitrate and zinc nitrate in the organic fertilizer in the step (1) are removed.
Comparative example 2
The same procedure as in example 2 was followed except that lanthanum nitrate in step (1) was replaced with copper nitrate.
Comparative example 3
The same procedure as in example 3 was followed except that the components of the compound fertilizer in step (3) were adjusted to 1: 1 lanthanum nitrate, zinc nitrate and amino acids.
Comparative example 4
Corn was isolated in the same manner as in example 3, except that interplanting was not performed.
Experimental example 1
Selecting 7 plots with the altitude of 2200 meters in Huacheng county of Yunnan province, wherein the area of each plot is 1 mu; experiments are respectively carried out on 7 methods in experimental examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 to research the influence of the method provided by the invention on the disease resistance and yield of corn and radix pseudostellariae; the influence of the test method on the disease resistance and yield of corn and radix pseudostellariae is shown in table 1; the effect of the test method on the disease resistance of radix pseudostellariae of corn technology department is shown in table 2.
Wherein the experimental corn variety is Zhenhe No. 1; the prevalence rates in table 2 were calculated as diseased/total plants;
TABLE 1 Effect on maize and Pseudostellaria yield
TABLE 2 Effect on the disease resistance of maize and Pseudostellaria heterophylla
According to the data in the table 1, the yield of the corn in the first year is improved by 41.1-45.5% compared with the single corn by using the method provided by the invention; the single yield of the corn in the second year is improved by 35.14-37.75%; the continuous increase of the corn yield is realized; the method provided by the invention has excellent effect on improving the yield of the radix pseudostellariae; the yield per mu of the radix pseudostellariae interplanted in the field is generally 160 kg; the annual yield of the radix pseudostellariae is increased by 23.75-35% compared with the common interplanting yield; compared with the common interplanting yield, the yield in the second year is improved by 31.87-40.62 percent.
According to the data in the table 2, the invention can effectively and long-term prevent and treat the infection of the root rot of the radix pseudostellariae and the gray leaf spot of the corn, long-term inhibit the germs and realize the technical effect of continuous strong bacteriostasis for two years.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method capable of improving disease resistance of corn is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) land selection and preparation: selecting a field with deep soil and good drainage, deeply digging the field, removing crop stubbles, and uniformly spreading the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer serving as a base fertilizer; the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: human and animal excrement, ammonium phosphate, lanthanum nitrate, zinc nitrate, illite powder, bentonite, humic acid and trace elements are 30-40: 5-10: 0.5-1: 1-2: 3-4: 5-10: 10-15: 1-1.5; the dosage of the disease-resistant nutritional organic fertilizer is 1500 kg/mu; (2) sowing: sowing root tubers of the radix pseudostellariae in the middle ten days of 11 months, wherein the row spacing and the row spacing of the radix pseudostellariae seedlings are 7.6cm, and the inter-plant spacing is 11 cm; interplanting corns in the field where the pseudostellaria heterophylla is planted in spring, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the corn are 30cm and 40 cm; (3) field management: topdressing: when 11 true leaves of the corn are unfolded, dressing 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer on the corn; when 2 pieces of true leaves of the radix pseudostellariae are unfolded, dressing 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu of radix pseudostellariae; the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight, lanthanum nitrate, zinc nitrate and amino acid are 1-1.5: 2-2.5: 1-2.5, the concentration of the compound fertilizer is 95%, and the application concentration of the compound fertilizer is 300 times diluted according to the weight; the application mode is leaf spraying;
wherein, the field management also comprises the following steps: a, draining: clearing weeds and rotten leaves in rainy season; accumulated water needs to be drained in time from deep ditches around the planting land; b, insect prevention: the aphids and cutworms are prevented mainly by adopting a biological prevention and control mode; the rest is carried out according to the conventional insect prevention method.
2. A cultivation method capable of improving the disease resistance of corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elevation of the land in step (1) is 2000-2200 m.
3. The cultivation method for improving the disease resistance of corn according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sowing time of the corn in the step (2) is 3 days in middle of the month.
4. A cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the seeding rate of the corn in step (2) is 2 per hole.
5. A cultivation method for improving corn disease resistance as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the planting manner of the radix pseudostellariae seedlings in step (2) further comprises: after sowing, the seeds need to be covered with weeds and watered thoroughly.
6. A cultivation method capable of improving disease resistance of corn as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the disease-resistant nutritional organic compound fertilizer in step (1) further comprises yeast agent and trichoderma viride agent.
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| CN105532244A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-05-04 | 六枝特区道地种养殖农民专业合作社 | Planting method for pseudostellaria heterophylla |
| CN105993580B (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2019-04-19 | 贵州省凤冈县洪成金银花茶业有限公司 | Crown prince's method for planting ginseng |
| CN106332639A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-18 | 安徽省华春生态农业开发有限公司 | Cultivating method of wheat, little pepper and sesame interplanting |
| CN106508408A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-03-22 | 贵州黔安源药科技发展有限公司 | Artificial cultivation method for dipsacus asperoids |
| CN106665085A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-17 | 管天球 | Method for interplanting radix pseudostellariae under camellia oleifera woods |
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