NL2032964B1 - Ecological planting method for scrophularia ningpoensis - Google Patents
Ecological planting method for scrophularia ningpoensis Download PDFInfo
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- NL2032964B1 NL2032964B1 NL2032964A NL2032964A NL2032964B1 NL 2032964 B1 NL2032964 B1 NL 2032964B1 NL 2032964 A NL2032964 A NL 2032964A NL 2032964 A NL2032964 A NL 2032964A NL 2032964 B1 NL2032964 B1 NL 2032964B1
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- Prior art keywords
- scrophularia ningpoensis
- planting
- ningpoensis
- scrophularia
- solanum tuberosum
- Prior art date
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- 241001121987 Scrophularia ningpoensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 44
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001530126 Scrophularia Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000002634 Solanum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000207763 Solanum Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010068319 Oropharyngeal pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000007100 Pharyngitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000207844 Scrophulariaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 ggravated Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102220175917 rs375609763 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940126680 traditional chinese medicines Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to an ecological planting method for Scrophularia ningpoensis. Solanum tuberosum is interplanted between Scrophularl'a ningpoensis planting rows, and the first-time top-dressing is conducted for Scrophularia ningpoensis after Scrophularia ningpoensis seedlings come out evenly; the first-time top-dressing includes applying 80-160 kg/ha. of human excreta to a Scrophularl'a ningpoensis planting area. According to the method, Solanum tuberosum is interplanted between Scrophularia ningpoensis planting rows by using the feature that growth periods of the Scrophularl'a ningpoensis and Solanum tuberosum are staggered, which not only improves the land utilization rate, but also effectively suppresses weeds, provides shade for Scrophularia ningpoensis seedlings and reduces plant diseases and insect pests, thereby achieving the purpose of ecologically producing the medicinal material ithout applying pesticides.
Description
ECOLOGICAL PLANTING METHOD FOR SCROPHULARIA NINGPOENSIS
[01] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to an ecological planting method for Scrophularia ningpoensis.
[02] Radix scrophulariae is the dry root of Scrophularia ningpoensis belonging to
Scrophulariaceae, first recorded and listed as a medium-grade drug in the Sheng
Nong’ Herbal Classic. As one of commonly used traditional Chinese medicines, it has the functions of nourishing Yin, falling fire, moistening dryness, promoting production of body fluid, relieving internal heat or fever, and relieving sore throat. Scrophularia ningpoensis has been widely cultivated with a long history in China.
[03] The traditional Scrophularia ningpoensis planting technology excessively pursues the yield, but there are common problems in production, such as excessive application of chemical fertilizer and excessive use of herbicides and other pesticides, resulting in soil compaction and deterioration, serious plant diseases and insect pests, and aggravated continuous cropping obstacles. Pesticide residues, excessive heavy metals and quality declines in Radix scrophulariae seriously threaten the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication, while causing pollution and damage to the ecological environment. Therefore, it is very important to provide an ecological planting method for Scrophularia ningpoensis to ensure the yield and quality of
Scrophularia ningpoensis.
[04] The present invention is intended to provide an ecological planting method for
Scrophularia ningpoensis, easy to operate and control, which can keep Scrophularia ningpoensis products free of heavy metal contamination and pesticide contamination, increase the yield, ensure effective and safe production of Radix scrophulariae, and improve the land utilization rate.
[05] The present invention provides an ecological planting method for Scrophularia ningpoensis, including the following step:
[06] interplanting Solanum tuberosum between Scrophularia ningpoensis planting rows, and conducting the first-time top-dressing for Scrophularia ningpoensis after
Scrophularia ningpoensis seedlings come out evenly,
[07] wherein the first-time top-dressing includes applying 80-160 kg/ha. of human excreta to a Scrophularia ningpoensis planting area.
[08] Preferably, the interplanting pattern includes planting 1 row of Solanum tuberosum after planting every 2 rows of Scrophularia ningpoensis.
[09] Preferably, the Scrophularia ningpoensis is planted at a row spacing of 35-40 cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm; the Solanum tuberosum is planted at a row spacing of 100 cm and a plant spacing of 30-35 cm; the row spacing between the
Solanum fuberosum and the Scrophularia ningpoensis is 30-32.5 cm.
[10] Preferably, the method also includes: 2 months after the first-time top-dressing, applying 120-240 kg/ha. of human excreta to the Scrophularia ningpoensis planting area.
[11] Preferably, the method also includes: at the seedling stage of the Solanum tuberosum, applying 1.33 kg/ha. of urea or 4-4.67 kg/ha. of ammonium bicarbonate to a Solanum tuberosum planting area.
[12] Preferably, the method also includes: after planting the Scrophularia ningpoensis, immediately applying 6.67 kg/ha. of fully decomposed dry chicken manure and 6.67-10 kg/ha. of calcium superphosphate.
[13] Preferably, the Solanum tuberosum is planted from January to February.
[14] Preferably, the method also includes: after planting the Solanum tuberosum, immediately applying 8-10 kg/ha. of a compound fertilizer and 6.67-10 kg/ha. of calcium superphosphate to the Solanum tuberosum planting area.
[15] Preferably, the method also includes pre-planting fertilization and soil preparation and post-planting field management for the Scrophularia ningpoensis.
[16] Preferably, the fertilization and soil preparation include applying 3.33 kg/ha. of quicklime and 67-100 kg/ha. of fully decomposed stable manure, and then conducting deep plowing at a depth equal to or greater than 30 cm.
[17] In the present invention, Solanum tuberosum is interplanted in open space of a
Scrophularia ningpoensis field, which can effectively realize the full utilization of space, water and fertilizer, and prevent and control weeds between rows of
Scrophularia ningpoensis at the seedling stage; human excreta is applied to the
Scrophularia ningpoensis planting area without applying urea, K fertilizers, compound fertilizers and other chemical fertilizers, which effectively avoids heavy metal contamination in Radix scrophulariae while ensuring the yield of Scrophularia ningpoensis.
[18] In addition, without applying pesticides throughout the process, the present invention mainly achieves comprehensive prevention and control through field cleaning, soil disinfection with quicklime, etc., which further avoids pesticide residues.
[19] In order to explain technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art more clearly, the accompanying drawings to be used in the embodiments will be described briefly below.
[20] FIG. 1 shows the interplanting pattern in example 1 of the present invention.
[21] In the present invention, Solanum tuberosum is preferably interplanted between Scrophularia ningpoensis planting rows according to the interplanting pattern as described in FIG. 1, i.e, planting 1 row of Solanum tuberosum after planting every 2 rows of Scrophularia ningpoensis; in FIG. 1, HI is a row spacing of Scrophularia ningpoensis, H2 is a row spacing of Solanum tuberosum; H3 is a distance between
Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis planting rows; Z1 is a plant spacing of Scrophularia ningpoensis; Z2 is a plant spacing of Solanum tuberosum. Hl is 35-40 cm, and preferably 36-38 cm; Z1 is 25-30 cm, and preferably 26-28 cm; H2 is 100 cm;
Z2 is 30-35 cm, and preferably 32-34 cm; H3 is 30-32.5 cm. In the present invention, the row spacing between Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis is specifically worked out according to the following formula: ‚ py B (H2HD 2
[23] In the present invention, Solanum tuberosum is interplanted between
Scrophularia ningpoensis planting rows. As Scrophularia ningpoensis enters the seedling stage in cold and cool seasons with its aboveground part growing weakly, it is easily stressed by weeds, while Solanum tuberosum grows vigorously in these seasons.
Scrophularia ningpoensis at the seedling stage does not compete with Solanum tuberosum for sunlight and fertilizer. The thriving aboveground part of the Solanum tuberosum can control the growth of weeds, provide shade for Scrophularia ningpoensis seedlings, and reduce plant diseases and insect pests, thereby achieving the purpose of producing the ecological medicinal material without applying pesticides.
Moreover, in the present invention, the aboveground part of the Scrophularia ningpoensis enters the peak growth period after potatoes are harvested. Growth periods of the Scrophularia ningpoensis and the Solanum tuberosum are staggered, so that land resources can be fully utilized and the land utilization rate is improved. In the specific implementation process, the present invention is based on the Scrophularia ningpoensis and supplemented by the Solanum tuberosum, strictly following the pattern of planting 1 row of Solanum tuberosum after planting every 2 rows of
Scrophularia ningpoensis. When a pattern of planting 1 row of Solanum tuberosum after planting every 3 rows of Scrophularia ningpoensis is followed, effects of controlling weeds and providing shade cannot be achieved due to a low planting density of Solanum tuberosum; when a pattern of planting 1 row of Solanum tuberosum after planting every 1 row of Scrophularia ningpoensis 1s followed, the high yield cannot be achieved due to a low planting density of Scrophularia ningpoensis.
[24] Fertilization and soil preparation are conducted before Scrophularia mingpoensis is planted. 3.33 kg/ha. of quicklime and 67-100 kg/ha. of fully decomposed stable manure are applied, and then deep plowing is conducted. The application amount of stable manure is 73-93 kg/ha, preferably 80-93 kg/ha, and more preferably 87-90 kg/ha. The depth of deep plowing is equal to or greater than 30 cm. Quicklime has a disinfecting effect and effectively avoids pesticide residues. 5 Scrophularia ningpoensis is planted in an area where Scrophularia ningpoensis has not been planted and pesticides have not been applied within five years, with deep and fertile soil, over 10 km away from pollution sources, at an altitude of 1,300-1,600 m, preferably 1,350-1,550 m, and more preferably 1,400-1,500 m. The soil is preferably sandy loam or loam. The preceding crop is a gramineous crop, and preferably corn.
[25] In the present invention, after fertilization and soil preparation, Scrophularia ningpoensis planting rows are dug according to the interplanting pattern as shown in
FIG. 1. According to the plant spacing of Scrophularia ningpoensis defined by the aforesaid technical solutions, Scrophularia ningpoensis planting holes are dug in
Scrophularia ningpoensis planting rows (the distance between adjacent Scrophularia ningpoensis planting holes in the same Scrophularia ningpoensis planting row is Z1, ie. the plant spacing of Scrophularia ningpoensis) for planting Scrophularia ningpoensis. Scrophularia ningpoensis meets the following requirements: fresh and plump buds, white color, no cracking in bud scales, no forking in apical buds, no mechanical damage, no scab, bud length > 4.0 cm, bud thickness > 16.00 mm and bud weight > 10.0 g; Scrophularia ningpoensis is of a variety with strong disease resistance, and is preferably “Chongqing Scrophularia ningpoensis No. 1” or “Chongqing
Scrophularia ningpoensis No. 27. Scrophularia ningpoensis is planted in January. 2
Scrophularia ningpoensis buds are planted in each planting hole at a spacing of 5 cm.
The present invention can reduce the application of pesticides from the perspective of provenance resistance by controlling varieties and bud traits of Scrophularia ningpoensis.
[26] Scrophularia ningpoensis buds are soaked in a biological bacterial agent before Scrophularia mingpoensis is planted. The biological bacterial agent is
Trichoderma harzianum powder, which is dissolved in water into an Trichoderma harzianum aqueous solution when used; the content of spores in the Trichoderma harzianum aqueous solution is 1%10°-1x108 CFU/mL, preferably 5x10°-5x107
CFU/mL, and more preferably 8x105-1=107 CFU/mL; the soaking time is 3-5 min, and preferably 4 min. The Trichoderma harzianum aqueous solution for soaking
Scrophularia ningpoensis buds has a disinfecting effect, which can reduce the use of pesticides and avoid pesticide residues.
[27] After Scrophularia ningpoensis buds soaked with the biological bacterial agent are planted, base fertilizer is applied, and earthing up and ridging are conducted. The base fertilizer includes 6.67 kg/ha. of fully decomposed dry chicken manure and 6.67-10 kg/ha. of calcium superphosphate, preferably 6.67 kg/ha. of dry chicken manure and 8-9.33 kg/ha. of calcium superphosphate, and more preferably 6.67 kg/ha. of dry chicken manure and 8.67 kg/ha. of calcium superphosphate; the distance between a position where the base fertilizer is applied and a Scrophularia ningpoensis bud is equal to or greater than 5 m, and preferably 5 m. The ridge width is 60 cm; the ridge height is 15-20 cm, and preferably 16-18 cm. Compared with a conventional method of ridging before planting, the present invention saves labor by planting before earthing up and ridging.
[28] Solanum tuberosum 1s planted between ridges of Scrophularia ningpoensis (i.e. planted in Solanum tuberosum planting rows in the interplanting pattern as shown in
FIG. 1) from January to February. Solanum tuberosum is of a variety suitable for medium- and high-altitude planting. In order to ensure the survival rate of Solanum tuberosum, 2 Solanum tuberosum seeds are planted in each Solanum tuberosum planting hole at a spacing of 5 cm.
[29] After Solanum tuberosum 1s planted, compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate are applied to a Solanum tuberosum planting area, and earthing up is conducted. The application amount of the compound fertilizer is 8-10 kg/ha, preferably 8.67-9.33 kg/ha., and more preferably 8.33 kg/ha; the application amount of calcium superphosphate is 6.67-10 kg/ha. preferably 8-9.33 kg/ha, and more preferably 8.67 kg/ha. The distance between a position where the compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate of the present invention are applied and the Solanum tuberosum is equal to or greater than 5 m, and preferably 5 m. The compound fertilizer of the present invention is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P205:K20=15:15:15). The height of the earthing up of the present invention is 3-5 cm, and preferably 4 cm.
[30] After Scrophularia ningpoensis and Solanum fuberosum are planted, top-dressing management is conducted in the Scrophularia ningpoensis and Solanum tuberosum planting areas respectively, specifically as follows: in the Scrophularia ningpoensis planting area, after Scrophularia ningpoensis seedlings come out evenly (in early and mid-April), the first-time top-dressing is conducted, and 80-160 kg/ha. of human excreta is applied. 2 months later, the second- time top-dressing is conducted, and 120-240 kg/ha. (preferably 180 kg/ha.) of human excreta is applied; at the seedling stage of Solanum tuberosum, 1.33 kg/ha. of urea or 4-4.67 kg/ha. of ammonium bicarbonate are applied. In the present invention, only a small amount of calcium superphosphate is applied in the base fertilizer during planting of Scrophularia ningpoensis, without applying urea, K fertilizers, compound fertilizers and other chemical fertilizers throughout the planting process. The method and application amount for top-dressing of the present invention can satisfy the need for fertilizer in the growth period of the Scrophularia mingpoensis, and avoid heavy metal contamination in Radix scrophulariae.
[31] The present invention also includes post-planting field management, weeding, and management of plant diseases and insect pests. Artificial weeding is conducted 2-3 times.
[32] Without applying pesticides throughout the process, the ecological planting method for Scrophularia ningpoensis of the present invention mainly achieves comprehensive prevention and control through soil preparation, soil disinfection with quicklime, seed soaking in the biological bacterial agent, and addition management, so as to keep Scrophularia ningpoensis products free of heavy metal contamination and pesticide contamination, increase the yield, and ensure effective and safe production of
Radix scrophularige. The results of the embodiments show that the fresh yield of
Scrophularia ningpoensis of the present invention is 111.20 kg/ha. Compared with a sole cropping parcel of Scrophularia ningpoensis, the present invention can improve group stress resistance, alleviate damage of plant diseases and insect pests, reduce field weeds, and enlarge Scrophularia ningpoensis root tubers, thereby increasing the economic efficiency by 42.7%.
[33] Example 1
[34] 1. Site selection
[35] The test site is located in Chongqing Wulong Scrophularia Ningpoensis
Research Base at an altitude of 1,350 m, with an annual average temperature of 15-18°C, a soil type of yellow soil, a frost-free period of 240-285 d and a precipitation of 1,000-1,200 mm. The soil contains 2.84% of organic matter, 0.2% of total nitrogen, 0.016% of total phosphorus, 13.36 mg-g of total potassium, 131.9 mgkg' of available nitrogen, 9.01 mg-kg™! of available phosphorus and 3.42 mg-g! of available potassium, with a pH value of 4.84. The test plot is 1,200 cm long and 100 cm wide (furrows are 20 cm wide). 3 replicates were arranged randomly.
[36] 2. Soil preparation
[37] After the preceding corn was harvested, preceding residues and weeds were timely removed from the field for bulk disposal. 3.33 kg/ha. of quicklime and 67 kg/ha. of fully decomposed stable manure were spread on the cleaned soil surface, the soil was deeply plowed for more than 30 cm by a rotary tiller, stones and grass roots were picked up, and the soil was raked and leveled for planting.
[38] 3. Planting
[39] Scrophularia ningpoensis and Solanum tuberosum were interplanted according to the planting pattern as shown in FIG. 1. In the 100 cm test plot, 2 rows of
Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted in the middle and 1 row of Solanum tuberosum was planted between ridges, specifically as follows:
[40] The Scrophularia ningpoensis seeds used were of a variety of “Chongqing
Scrophularia ningpoensis No. 1” or “Chongqing Scrophularia ningpoensis No. 2” with strong disease resistance (Scrophularia ningpoensis was planted as holes were dug trom late November to December, or buds with rhizomes were stored locally and buds were broken off for planting in January of the next year). The selected buds were placed in a grid-like container, soaked for 3-5 min in an Trichoderma harzianum aqueous solution diluted by 50-80 times, air-dried and planted. Before ridging, planting holes were dug on the flat ground in a staggered arrangement at a row spacing of 40 cm and a plant spacing of 30 cm for Scrophularia ningpoensis. 2 buds were planted in each hole. 6.67 kg of fully decomposed dry chicken manure and 6.67 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied per hectare as base fertilizer. Ridging was conducted together with earthing up after planting at a ridge width of 60 cm and a ridge height of 15-20 cm.
[41] Solanum tuberosum was planted between ridges of Scrophularia ningpoensis trom January to February. Planting holes were dug between ridges at a plant spacing of 30 cm. 2 buds were planted in parallel in each hole at a spacing of about 5 cm. The base fertilizer was applied in holes at a distance of 5 cm from Solanum tuberosum tubers. 8-10 kg of compound fertilizer and 6.67-10 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied per hectare. Earthing up was conducted for 3-5 cm after planting.
[42] 4. Top-dressing
[43] After Scrophularia ningpoensis seedlings came out evenly in early and mid-April, 133 kg of human excreta was applied per hectare; in early June, 167 kg of human excreta was applied per hectare; at the seedling stage of Solanum tuberosum, 1.33 kg of urea was applied per hectare.
[44] 5. Field management
[45] After seedlings came out evenly, manual weeding was conducted through shallow plowing to an appropriate extent that the topsoil was loosened without damaging seedlings. Manual weeding was conducted 2-3 times in combination with top-dressing. Intertillage weeding was omitted after ridges were closed. When
Scrophularia ningpoensis seedlings were about 10 cm high, bud elimination was conducted. When inflorescences appeared on Scrophularia ningpoensis plants, flower buds were removed for bulk disposal in sunny days.
[46] 6. Management of plant diseases and insect pests
[47] Scrophularia ningpoensis buds and Solanum tuberosum tubers were not transferred from affected areas. Priority was given to agricultural control, and the application of physical and biological control was encouraged.
[48] 7. Harvesting and primary processing
[49] During the specific implementation of this planting, no pesticides were applied throughout the process. Potatoes were harvested in June of the current year, and
Scrophularia ningpoensis was harvested from mid-November to early December of the current year as stems and leaves turned yellow. Root tubers were dried by an oven drying method, in which the energy met environmental protection requirements and the temperature was controlled at 50-55°C, to half dryness for stacking and sweating till their interiors blackened, and then to full dryness.
[50] Example 2
[51] The method is the same as that in example 1, except that in step 4, “at the seedling stage of Solanum tuberosum, 1.33 kg of urea was applied per hectare” was replaced with “at the seedling stage of Solanum tuberosum, 4-4.67 kg of ammonium bicarbonate was applied per hectare”.
[52] Example 3
[83] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 2, 3.33 kg of quicklime and 83 kg of fully decomposed stable manure were spread per hectare.
[54] Example 4
[55] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 2, 3.33 kg of quicklime and 100 kg of fully decomposed stable manure were spread per hectare.
[56] Example 5
[57] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 4, for top-dressing for Scrophularia ningpoensis, after
Scrophularia ningpoensis seedlings came out evenly in early and mid-April, 80 kg of human excreta was applied per hectare; in early June, 120 kg of human excreta was applied per hectare.
[58] Example 6
[89] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 4, for top-dressing for Scrophularia ningpoensis, after
Scrophularia ningpoensis seedlings came out evenly in early and mid-April, 160 kg of human excreta was applied per hectare; in early June, 240 kg of human excreta was applied per hectare.
[60] Comparative Example 1
[61] The method is the same as that in example 1, except that Scrophularia ningpoensis was solely planted at a row spacing and a plant spacing of 40 cm x 40 cm without interplanting Solanum tuberosum.
[62] Comparative Example 2
[63] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 2, 3.33 kg of quicklime and 50 kg of fully decomposed stable manure were spread per hectare.
[64] Comparative Example 3
[65] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 2, 3.33 kg of quicklime and 117 kg of fully decomposed stable manure were spread per hectare.
[66] Comparative Example 4
[67] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 2, 3.33 kg of quicklime was spread per hectare without spreading fully decomposed stable manure.
[68] Comparative Example 5
[69] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 3, chicken manure was replaced with pig manure.
[70] Comparative Example 6
[71] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 3, chicken manure was replaced with sheep manure.
[72] Comparative Example 7
[73] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 3, chicken manure was replaced with cow manure.
[74] Comparative Example 8
[75] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 3, for planting of Scrophularia ningpoensis, ‘6.67 kg of fully decomposed dry chicken manure and 6.67 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied per hectare as base fertilizer” was replaced with “3.33 kg of a compound fertilizer and 6.67 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied per hectare as base fertilizer”.
[76] Comparative Example 9
[77] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 3, for planting of Scrophularia ningpoensis, “6.67 kg of fully decomposed dry chicken manure and 6.67 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied per hectare as base fertilizer” was replaced with “6.67 kg of calcium superphosphate was applied per hectare as base fertilizer”.
[78] Comparative Example 10
[79] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 3, for planting of Scrophularia ningpoensis, no base fertilizer was applied.
[80] Comparative Example 11
[81] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 4, no top-dressing was conducted for Scrophularia ningpoensis.
[82] Comparative Example 12
[83] Solanum tuberosum and Scrophularia ningpoensis were planted by the method of example 1, except that in step 4, for top-dressing of Scrophularia ningpoensis, after
Scrophularia ningpoensis seedlings came out evenly in early and mid-April, 40 kg of human excreta was applied per hectare; in early June, 60 kg of human excreta was applied per hectare.
[84] Comparative Example 13
[85] The method is the same as that in example 1, except that an interplanting pattern of planting 1 row of Solanum tuberosum after planting every 1 row of
Scrophularia ningpoensis was followed, and specific planting conditions were not changed.
[86] Comparative Example 14
[87] The method is the same as that in example 1, except that an interplanting pattern of planting 1 row of Solanum tuberosum after planting every 3 row of
Scrophularia ningpoensis was followed, and specific planting conditions were not changed.
[88] Test Example 1
[89] 1) Through the comparison of two planting patterns of example 1 and comparative example 1, it is found that though sole cropping of Scrophularia ningpoensis is easily operated and managed, plant diseases and insect pests are serious resulting from a single crop. At the seedling stage, Scrophularia ningpoensis seedlings are weak and grow slower than weeds. Therefore, as one of main field management measures in the production of Scrophularia ningpoensis, weeding requires to be conducted 4-5 times at a high labor intensity; in an interplanting parcel of Scrophularia ningpoensis with a few weeds in the field, weeding merely requires to be conducted 2-3 times, and compared with a sole cropping parcel of Scrophularia ningpoensis, higher group stress resistance of crops, less damage of plant diseases and insect pests and larger Scrophularia ningpoensis root tubers are realized, which reduces labor input in weeding.
[90] 2) When Scrophularia ningpoensis was harvested, the dry medicinal material yields of Scrophularia ningpoensis and the fresh yields of potatoes in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3 were measured. The results are as shown in Table 1 below.
[91] Table 1 Dry medicinal material yields of Scrophularia ningpoensis and fresh yields of potatoes under different treatments
Dry medicinal material
Fresh yield of potatoes
Treatment yield of Scrophularia (kg/ha) ningpoensis (kg/ha.)
Example 1 28.07 70.67
Example 2 28.00 70.00
Example 3 27.73 70.20
Example 4 27.67 71.07
Comparative 29.53 /
Example 1
Comparative 24.27 72.47
Example 2
Comparative 25.60 72.80
Example 3
[92] It can be seen from Table 1 that the fresh yield of potatoes in example 1 has no obvious difference from those in examples 2-4; the dry medicinal material yield of
Scrophularia ningpoensis in example 1 has no obvious difference from those in examples 3 and 4, but is increased by 14.41% from comparative example 2 and by 8.01% from comparative example 3. Based on the calculation at rates of 10 yuan/kg for Radix scrophulariae and 2 yuan/kg for potatoes, output values per hectare in examples 1-4 are increased by 42.9%, 42.2%, 41.8% and 41.4% respectively from comparative example 1.
[93] Test Example 2
[94] When Scrophularia ningpoensis was harvested, the fresh medicinal material yields of Scrophularia ningpoensis in example 1, examples 2-6 and comparative examples 2-14 were measured. The results are as shown in Table 2.
[95] Table 2 Fresh medicinal material yields of Scrophularia ningpoensis under different treatments
Yield (kg/plot) Converted
Treatment yield per
I I HI Total Mean hectare (kg)
Example 1 22.25 22.00 20.87 65.12 21.71 111.21
Example 3 22.18 21.27 21.58 65.03 21.68 111.00
Example 4 22.16 22.07 20.56 64.79 21.60 110.64
Example 5 20.04 19.51 17.36 56.91 18.97 97.18
Example 6 21.69 19.28 18.53 59.50 19.83 101.61
Comparative 19.12 18.94 18.86 56.92 18.97 97.20
Example 2
Comparative 20.13 19.93 19.87 59.93 19.98 102.34
Example 3
Comparative 19.45 19.06 18.84 57.35 19.12 97.93b
Example 4
Comparative 19.11 18.83 21.04 58.98 19.66 100.71
Example 5
Comparative 18.69 18.77 20.82 58.28 19.43 99.52
Example 6
Comparative 18.00 16.06 18.37 52.44 17.48 89.55
Example 7
Comparative 22.61 22.49 21.26 66.36 22.12 113.32
Example 8
Comparative 21.11 20.32 19.98 61.40 20.47 104.86
Example 9
Comparative 17.87 17.63 16.79 52.29 17.43 89.30
Example 10
Comparative 15.40 14.09 12.05 41.54 13.85 70.93
Example 11
Comparative 19.26 16.99 15.60 51.84 17.28 88.53b
Example 12
Comparative 14.16 14.08 13.62 41.86 13.95 71.48
Example 13
Comparative 19.82 18.59 18.18 56.59 18.86 96.63
Example 14
[96] It can be seen from Table 2 that the yield obtained with base fertilizer is averagely increased by 13.56% from that obtained without base fertilizer (example 1 and comparative example 4), and the base fertilizer of the present invention significantly increases the yield; the yield obtained with sheep manure has no great difference from that obtained with pig manure, the yield is lowest when cow manure is applied and highest when chicken manure is applied, and the yield obtained with chicken manure is increased by 24.19%, 11.74% and 10.42% respectively from those obtained with cow manure, sheep manure and pig manure (example 1 and comparative examples 5-7); comparative example 10 and comparative examples 8-9 have significant differences (P<0.001) from example 1, and though the yield in comparative example 8 is slightly higher than that in example 1, from the perspective of reduction in chemical fertilizers, the base fertilizer application method in example 1 is more reasonable; through the comparison of different top-dressing amounts (example 1 and comparative examples 11-12), it can be seen that the fresh yield in example 1 of the present invention is 111.20 kg/ha., which is the highest; through the comparison of planting patterns for Scrophularia ningpoensis and Solanum tuberosum, the yield in example 1 is increased by 35.72% from comparative example 13 and by 13.10% from comparative example 14. The ecological planting method of Scrophularia ningpoensis of the present invention can improve the yield and group stress resistance of
Scrophularia ningpoensis, alleviate damage of plant diseases and insect pests, reduce field weeds, and enlarge Scrophularia ningpoensis root tubers with high economic efficiency.
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| CN104193496A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-10 | 青岛嘉禾丰肥业有限公司 | Preparation method of multilayer coated controlled release fertilizers |
| CN105638214A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-06-08 | 西南大学 | Scrophularia ningpoensis and flue-cured tobacco peak staggering growth interplanting cultivation method |
| CN103858639B (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2016-09-28 | 重庆市中药研究院 | A kind of Radix Scrophulariae is avoided the peak hour growth method for interplanting cultivation |
| CN109169113A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-01-11 | 竹溪县风调雨顺农业开发有限公司 | Make and interplant efficient implantation methods between grain medicine |
| CN106233996B (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2021-04-09 | 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 | Organic crop rotation cultivation method for early-maturing peppers, rice and water chestnuts |
| CN114080964A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-25 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of radix scrophulariae |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103858639B (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2016-09-28 | 重庆市中药研究院 | A kind of Radix Scrophulariae is avoided the peak hour growth method for interplanting cultivation |
| CN104193496A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-10 | 青岛嘉禾丰肥业有限公司 | Preparation method of multilayer coated controlled release fertilizers |
| CN105638214A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-06-08 | 西南大学 | Scrophularia ningpoensis and flue-cured tobacco peak staggering growth interplanting cultivation method |
| CN106233996B (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2021-04-09 | 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 | Organic crop rotation cultivation method for early-maturing peppers, rice and water chestnuts |
| CN109169113A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-01-11 | 竹溪县风调雨顺农业开发有限公司 | Make and interplant efficient implantation methods between grain medicine |
| CN114080964A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-25 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of radix scrophulariae |
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