CN105638214A - Scrophularia ningpoensis and flue-cured tobacco peak staggering growth interplanting cultivation method - Google Patents
Scrophularia ningpoensis and flue-cured tobacco peak staggering growth interplanting cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a scrophularia ningpoensis and flue-cured tobacco peak staggering growth interplanting cultivation method. Flue-cured tobacco with the vigorous growing stage staggered from that of scrophularia ningpoensis and the scrophularia ningpoensis are interplanted, the vigorous growing stages of the flue-cured tobacco and the scrophularia ningpoensis are staggered, competition for water, fertilizer and illumination is avoided, and meanwhile the flue-cured tobacco can avoid growth of weeds; the vigorous growing stage of the flue-cured tobacco is before the period that the scrophularia ningpoensis gets into the tuberous root expansion period, the scrophularia ningpoensis is shielded and cooled through the flue-cured tobacco, and therefore by means of the interplanting mode, the competition and compensation relation between the plants is coordinated, stress resistance of groups can be enhanced, disease and pest harm can be relieved, and breeding of the weeds in a field can be restrained; when the scrophularia ningpoensis gets into the tuberous root expansion period, the flue-cured tobacco is harvested, and meanwhile the yield can be increased through marginal benefits. More importantly, through interplanting of the flue-cured tobacco and the scrophularia ningpoensis, continuous cropping obstacles of flue-cured tobacco interplanting can be effectively reduced. More importantly, flue-cured tobacco soil-borne germs are restrained through scrophularia ningpoensis root system secreta, especially medical crop root system secreta, and the morbidity of the flue-cured tobacco is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for interplanting cultivation, avoid the peak hour growth method for interplanting cultivation more specifically to a kind of Radix Scrophulariae flue-cured tobacco.
Technical background
Radix Scrophulariae is perennial herb, and root length is cylindrical or spindle, and stem has four ribs, has rill. Radix Scrophulariae adaptability is very strong, likes warm and moist sex climate. Relatively cold-resistant, drought-enduring, well-drained place all can be planted. Like on fertile humus soil and husky earth as well. Radix Scrophulariae all has plantation throughout the country, but cultivation management is extensive, and yield is unstable. The propagation method of Radix Scrophulariae includes three kinds of propagation methods such as radical bud breeding, division propagation and seminal propagation, mostly is now radical bud breeding. Although Radix Scrophulariae nonoculture is easily operated and management, but owing to crop is single, the generation of pest and disease damage is comparatively serious. Especially the high-incidence season of Radix Scrophulariae spot blight is high-temperature high humidity season, and without the cooling of sheltering from heat or light that long-stalked crop is suitable, what the sickness rate of Radix Scrophulariae spot blight was light reaches 40%, weight reach 100%. Additionally, in seedling stage, Radix Scrophulariae seedling is small and weak, and the speed of growth is slower than weeds, therefore, weeding is one of field management measure main during Radix Scrophulariae produces. At present, being related to Radix Scrophulariae and the report of papaw solid interplanting, said method mainly solves two kind of plant technical problem in growing space and the syntrophism of light differential; Not can solve the problem that interplanting space availability ratio is low, between each species, clay fertilizer utilizes unbalanced problem.
Flue-cured tobacco, annual or limited perennial herb, Solanaceae. Plant is by glandular hair, stem height 0.7-2 rice. Petiole is inconspicuous or becomes aliform handle. Panicle top is raw. Calyx tubular or tubular are bell, corolla funnel-form, end pink. Capsule, seed is circular or wide square circular, yellowish-brown. Originate in South America, have cultivation all over the world. Flue-cured tobacco is the raw material of tobacco industry. Along with the development of modern science and technology and becoming better and approaching perfection day by day of baking of flue-cured tobacco technology, people increasingly pay attention to tobacco agriculture and produce the impact on yield of flue-cured tobacco Yu quality. Owing to being subject to the restriction of the arable land factor such as limited, economic profit incentive and planting conditions, cured tobacco production cropping system is single so that continuous cropping obstacle (Continuouscrop-pingobstacles) becomes the outstanding problem that tobacco agriculture produces.How to solve the Soil-sickness Problem existed in tobacco agriculture production process, effectively keep the country Basic tobacco field productivity, consolidate the achievement that modern tobacco agriculture is built, it is achieved the sustainable development of cured tobacco production, become relevant departments at different levels and the key subjects paid close attention to are concentrated one's attention on by Nicotiana tabacum L. scientific and technological circle.
At present research is thought, continuous cropping obstacles there is the reason based on three aspects: 1. soil nutrient is unbalanced and soil physical and chemical property deterioration; 2. soil surface characters accumulation and root-zone soil functional disorder; 3. the Auto toxicity that allelochemical etc. cause. The research such as Yang Yuhong is thought, the formation of Continuous Tobacco Cropping obstacle also exists close relationship with the fertility of soil and soil microbe quantity, although application of organic fertilizers, farm manure etc. can alleviate continuous cropping obstacle effect, but can not thoroughly overcome the continuous cropping obstacle of Nicotiana tabacum L.. Chen Dongmei takes different continuous cropping time limit tobacco-growing soils are carried out sterilization treatment, and result shows: even if replanting cigarette after sterilization treatment can not effectively overcome the increase trend of pathogenic bacterium; And collect soil extract thing after Nicotiana tabacum L. stubble with macroporous resin, in Potted tobacco is tested, implement external source add, it is simulated continuous cropping research, found that: additives matter processes and makes tobacco growing show the Effects consistent with continuous cropping obstacle, and with adding the increase of concentration, it is suppressed that rate significantly improves. This result of study demonstrates the viewpoint of forefathers, and namely Allelopathic Autotoxicity of Plants is the dominant factor causing continuous cropping obstacles.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of Radix Scrophulariae flue-cured tobacco to avoid the peak hour growth method for interplanting cultivation, selecting flue-cured tobacco and the interplanting of Radix Scrophulariae flue-cured tobacco avoided the peak hour with Radix Scrophulariae growth animated period, solve Radix Scrophulariae space utilization degree low, flue-cured tobacco exists from poisoning the obstacle of being punished for being related to that sense causes.
Radix Scrophulariae avoid the peak hour a preparation that growth method for interplanting cultivation includes kind planting, open railway carriage or compartment and sow and three steps of field management, described open railway carriage or compartment sow for: open the wide railway carriage or compartment of 2.8m, it is provided with the ditch for draining between each railway carriage or compartment, on railway carriage or compartment, plants potato plant, Radix Scrophulariae plant and tobacco plant successively; Wherein, be longitudinally divided into what 2 60cm and 2 80cm were interspersed band along railway carriage or compartment, the band of 2 60cm is upper plantation 2 row Radix Scrophulariae plant respectively, and the line space of Radix Scrophulariae plant is 40cm, the spacing in the rows of Radix Scrophulariae plant is 30cm, and between 2 row Radix Scrophulariae plant, each strain Radix Scrophulariae plant is that isosceles triangle is corresponding; Between 2 60cm Radix Scrophulariae plant bands, 2 bands wide for 80cm are planted and is implanted with 2 row tobacco plants, the line-spacing 60cm of tobacco plant, strain spacing 40cm.
Described plant being prepared as of planting: cultivation the previous year excavate Radix Scrophulariae by the end of November, prescind stem stalk, break lower tuber, sub-bud band reed head is digged pit storage on the spot; Wherein, reed head upwards close-packed arrays, blinding thickness is 10��15cm, it is necessary to during cultivation Radix Scrophulariae, is directly taken as kind of a cultivation by sub-bud from reed head.
Described potato plant, Radix Scrophulariae plant and the tobacco plant of planting on railway carriage or compartment successively is: sow Radix Scrophulariae 1��February then, the flue-cured tobacco of mid or late April sowing then.
The method have the benefit that: the growth animated period of flue-cured tobacco and Radix Scrophulariae is interlaced, avoid the competition of liquid manure and illumination, flue-cured tobacco can also avoid the growth of weeds simultaneously, the growth animated period of flue-cured tobacco enters before tuber expanding stage at Radix Scrophulariae, and Radix Scrophulariae utilizes flue-cured tobacco to shade cooling, so, interplanting mode of the present invention is by the competition between coordination plant and complementary relationship, colony's resistance can also be strengthened simultaneously, alleviate disease pest harm, it is suppressed that growing of weeds in field; When Radix Scrophulariae enters tuber expanding stage, flue-cured tobacco is gathered in the crops, marginal benefit can also be utilized to increase production simultaneously. The more important thing is the interplanting of flue-cured tobacco and Radix Scrophulariae, it is possible to effectively reduce the continuous cropping obstacle of flue-cured tobacco interplanting. The more important thing is that Radix Scrophulariae root exudates especially medicine is made root exudates and suppressed flue-cured tobacco soil-borne disease bacterium, reduce flue-cured tobacco incidence probability.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 Radix Scrophulariae, flue-cured tobacco plane distribution schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 Radix Scrophulariae, flue-cured tobacco spatial distribution schematic diagram;
Wherein, 1 railway carriage or compartment, 2 ditches, 3 Radix Scrophulariae plant, 4 tobacco plants.
Detailed description of the invention
Indistinguishably go up one and choose three blocks of homalographic soils respectively, optionally one of soil is finely flattened rake thin after as to Radix Scrophulariae plantation according to group plot, one of compare plot as tobacco planting, interplant plot as Radix Scrophulariae flue-cured tobacco for other one piece; November the previous year interplants in plot at one piece of Radix Scrophulariae flue-cured tobacco and opens railway carriage or compartment 1 wide for 2.8m, the ditch 2 for draining it is provided with between each railway carriage or compartment 1, and what 2 60cm and 2 80cm were interspersed band it is longitudinally divided into along railway carriage or compartment 1, each railway carriage or compartment arranges identical band, each plantation 2 row flue-cured tobacco seedling exercising on two bands wide for 80cm. Plot plantation flue-cured tobacco seedling exercising is compareed for tobacco planting; The plot plantation sub-bud of Radix Scrophulariae is compareed for tobacco planting.
When the previous year, Radix Scrophulariae was excavated by the end of November, first prescind stem stalk, dig Radix Pini massonianae border surrounding soil, carefully radix scrophulariae has been dug, break lower tuber and do medical material. Sub-bud is not broken down, and band reed head is preserved on the spot. Method: digging pit on the spot on soil limit, the height in hole is as the criterion with the reed head that can bury belt bud. After hole is dug, by reed head upwards close-packed arrays, blinding 10��15cm; When needing cultivation Radix Scrophulariae, sub-bud is directly taken as kind of a cultivation from reed head.
Flue-cured tobacco seedling exercising breeding method is: mid-February then, put up greenhouse frame, buckles well awning film, strains compacting, and temperature raising is standby; Putting up outstanding bed, female bed seedlings growing area every mu is no less than 0.5m2; Early March then, seed bed lid layer mulch film again in booth, booth is added a cover woven straw, insulation is at more than 100C. After Seedling all sprouts, dry in the air bed depending on bed surface humiture. Seedbed, anti-damping off is built when having taken advantage of sunlight afternoon; The last ten-days period in March then, stifling Nutrition Soil, every mu of 0.33m3, stifling 48 hours, after leaking informaton 2-3 days, fill seedlings nursing plate, every mu fills 12 dishes; Last ten-days period last month are to the beginning of April then, heel in, and heel in canopy and to detain booth; To early May at the end of four months then, machinery ridging, line-spacing 1.1-1.2 rice, applies fertilizer by fertilizer applications balance formula; And in mid-October to the last ten-days period, to seedling leaf-cutting 2 times, nurturing staff; In the last ten-days period in April, by controlling water, control fertilizer, seedling is carried out seedling exercising acquisition flue-cured tobacco seedling exercising, but note night cold-proof.
In 2��March then, plant the furrow being made wide 1.3m in the matched group plot of Radix Scrophulariae being used for, by line-spacing 30��40cm, spacing in the rows 25��30cm digs cave, deep about the 10cm in cave, every cave young plant bud 1, bud head upwards, applies 1 farmyard manure immediately or is mixed with the thin loam of liquid dung after cultivation. Earthing flushes with furrow face again, waters permeable after slightly compressing, furrow cover grass moisture-heat preservation, and about sprouting in about 1 month is emerged; Gather in the crops Radix Scrophulariae November then.
At 4 the end of month then, carry out the sowing of flue-cured tobacco seedling exercising to compareing plot for tobacco planting; Spacing in the rows 45-55 centimetre, sit and transplant under moisture film, mouth fertilizer will be used sufficient, stir, intertill in time, anti-mosaic disease. According to temperature height, little wind can be put and be maintained with temperature in the shed, amplify wind before drawing Seedling, adapt to external environment. Tobacco seedlings membrane envelope hole, every mu imposes potassium nitrate 16 jin. The last ten-days period in May, spray first time green fragrant prestige 2,1 bag every mu, convert poison and disappear prevention mosaic disease. In the first tenday period of a month in June to the last ten-days period: take off film ridging, beat the bottom leaf that 1-2 sheet is worth without baking, every mu imposes potassium sulfate 10 jin, the green fragrant prestige 2 of spray second time, the 2 bags every mu medicaments converting preventing and treating weather speckle, wildfire, and Ex-all weeds water Wang Changshui.The last ten-days period in June are to the beginning of July: determine Topping Time according to soil fertility situation, take just flower to pinch, and chemical agent presses down bud, sprays the 3rd time green fragrant prestige 1, and 3 bags every mu, bottom flue-cured tobacco is mature on the whole, and prepares to toast. Early July then, in time baking the first premises foot leaf. Inferior leads stops roasting 7-10 days depending on Maturity of Flue-cured Tobacco, middle leaf maturation picking and roasting again after adopting roasting end. In the last ten-days period in August, cigarette classification is chosen on baking limit, limit, prepares to pay. JIUYUE last ten-days period, top, front and back leaf 4-6 sheet is disposable gathers.
Interplanting in band wide for 60cm in each railway carriage or compartment 1 in plot at Radix Scrophulariae flue-cured tobacco, plant 2 row Radix Scrophulariae plant 3, the line space of Radix Scrophulariae plant 3 is 40cm, and the spacing in the rows of Radix Scrophulariae plant 3 is 30cm, and between 2 row Radix Scrophulariae plant 3, each strain Radix Scrophulariae plant 3 is corresponding in isosceles triangle; Every cave young plant bud 1, bud head upwards, applies 1 farmyard manure immediately or is mixed with the thin loam of liquid dung after cultivation. Earthing flushes with furrow face again, waters permeable after slightly compressing, furrow cover grass moisture-heat preservation, and about sprouting in about 1 month is emerged; Gather in the crops Radix Scrophulariae November then.
Mid or late April then, band wide for 80cm between 2 60cm Radix Scrophulariae plant 3 bands is planted and is implanted with 2 row tobacco plants 4, the line-spacing 60cm of tobacco plant 4, strain spacing 40cm. Sit and transplant under moisture film, mouth fertilizer will be used sufficient, stir, intertill in time, anti-mosaic disease. According to temperature height, little wind can be put and be maintained with temperature in the shed, amplify wind before drawing Seedling, adapt to external environment. Tobacco seedlings membrane envelope hole, every mu imposes potassium nitrate 16 jin. The last ten-days period in May, spray first time green fragrant prestige 2,1 bag every mu, convert poison and disappear prevention mosaic disease. In the first tenday period of a month in June to the last ten-days period: take off film ridging, beat the bottom leaf that 1-2 sheet is worth without baking, every mu imposes potassium sulfate 10 jin, the green fragrant prestige 2 of spray second time, the 2 bags every mu medicaments converting preventing and treating weather speckle, wildfire, and Ex-all weeds water Wang Changshui. The last ten-days period in June are to the beginning of July: determine Topping Time according to soil fertility situation, take just flower to pinch, and chemical agent presses down bud, sprays the 3rd time green fragrant prestige 1, and 3 bags every mu, bottom flue-cured tobacco is mature on the whole, and prepares to toast. Early July then, in time baking the first premises foot leaf. Inferior leads stops roasting 7-10 days depending on Maturity of Flue-cured Tobacco, middle leaf maturation picking and roasting again after adopting roasting end. In the last ten-days period in August, cigarette classification is chosen on baking limit, limit, prepares to pay. JIUYUE last ten-days period, top, front and back leaf 4-6 sheet is disposable gathers.
By finding in management phase field observation, although in matched group plot, nonoculture is easily operated and management, but owing to crop is single, the generation of pest and disease damage is comparatively serious. Especially the high-incidence season of Radix Scrophulariae spot blight is high-temperature high humidity season, and without the cooling of sheltering from heat or light that long-stalked crop is suitable, the sickness rate 40% of Radix Scrophulariae spot blight, serious even reaches 100%. Additionally, in seedling stage, Radix Scrophulariae seedling is small and weak, and the speed of growth is slower than weeds, therefore, weeding is one of field management measure main during Radix Scrophulariae produces, and labor intensity is very big; Interplanting in plot at Radix Scrophulariae flue-cured tobacco, crop is relative to matched group plot colony resistance, and disease pest harm is relatively light, and weeds in field is less.
By above-mentioned plot continuous cropping 2 years. Relatively flue-cured tobacco Radix Scrophulariae interplanting plot and flue-cured tobacco comparison plot. Result shows: the flue-cured tobacco comparison field appearance growing way in plot, yield, the output value, presentation quality are below crop rotation, its yield of Second Year only has the 59.12% of First Year, the output value only has the 29.93% of crop rotation, better-than-average cigarette ratio only has the 52.07% of First Year, and the output value only has the 29.93% of flue-cured tobacco Radix Scrophulariae interplanting plot.And flue-cured tobacco Radix Scrophulariae interplanting plot, its yield of Second Year is the 102.47% of First Year, and the output value only has the 29.93% of flue-cured tobacco Radix Scrophulariae interplanting plot, and better-than-average cigarette ratio is the 92.07% of First Year. By the flavor matter of flue-cured tobacco is detected, result shows: in the flue-cured tobacco in flue-cured tobacco comparison plot, flavor matter content great majority are lower than the flue-cured tobacco interplanting plot in flue-cured tobacco Radix Scrophulariae. Simultaneously, the sickness rate relatively flue-cured tobacco comparison plot sickness rate of First Year interplanting plot flue-cured tobacco reduces 17%, the sickness rate relatively flue-cured tobacco comparison plot of Second Year interplanting plot flue-cured tobacco, sickness rate reduces 33%, prove that Radix Scrophulariae root exudates especially medicine is made root exudates and suppressed flue-cured tobacco soil-borne disease bacterium, reduce flue-cured tobacco incidence probability.
After results, compare flue-cured tobacco Radix Scrophulariae interplanting plot and Radix Scrophulariae comparison plot. In Radix Scrophulariae comparison plot, Radix Scrophulariae yield is 445kg/ mu; In Radix Scrophulariae flue-cured tobacco interplanting plot, Radix Scrophulariae yield is 317kg/ mu, and Radix Scrophulariae tuber head is big, and yield of flue-cured tobacco is 107kg/ mu; Comprehensive Correlation known Radix Scrophulariae flue-cured tobacco interplanting plot reaches 29.63% than every mu of matched group plot net income amplification.
Claims (5)
1. a Radix Scrophulariae flue-cured tobacco is avoided the peak hour growth method for interplanting cultivation, it is characterised in that: select flue-cured tobacco and the interplanting of Radix Scrophulariae flue-cured tobacco avoided the peak hour with Radix Scrophulariae growth animated period.
2. Radix Scrophulariae according to claim 1 is avoided the peak hour growth method for interplanting cultivation, it is characterized in that: described on railway carriage or compartment (1), plant upper Radix Scrophulariae plant (3) successively and flue-cured tobacco (4) is: the previous year December��plant Radix Scrophulariae January then, mid or late April transplants flue-cured tobacco seedling exercising then.
3. Radix Scrophulariae according to claim 2 is avoided the peak hour growth method for interplanting cultivation, it is characterised in that: include kind of the preparation planted, open railway carriage or compartment (1) and sow and three steps of field management; Wherein, open described in railway carriage or compartment (1) sow for: open railway carriage or compartment (1) wide for 2.8m, between each railway carriage or compartment (1), be provided with the ditch (2) for draining, on railway carriage or compartment (1), plant upper potato plant (5), Radix Scrophulariae plant (3) and tobacco plant (4) successively; Wherein, it is longitudinally divided into 2 60cm and 2 80cm band being interspersed along railway carriage or compartment (1), the band of 2 60cm is upper plantation 2 row Radix Scrophulariae plant (3) respectively, the line space of Radix Scrophulariae plant (3) is 40cm, the spacing in the rows of Radix Scrophulariae plant (3) is 30cm, and between 2 row Radix Scrophulariae plant (3), each strain Radix Scrophulariae plant (3) is corresponding in isosceles triangle; Band wide for 80cm between 2 60cm Radix Scrophulariae plant (3) bands is planted and is implanted with 2 row tobacco plants (4), the line-spacing 60cm of tobacco plant (4), strain spacing 40cm.
4. Radix Scrophulariae according to claim 2 is avoided the peak hour growth method for interplanting cultivation, it is characterised in that: described plant being prepared as of planting: cultivation the previous year excavate Radix Scrophulariae by the end of November, prescind stem stalk, break lower tuber, sub-bud band reed head is digged pit storage on the spot; Wherein, reed head upwards close-packed arrays, blinding thickness is 10��15cm, it is necessary to during cultivation Radix Scrophulariae, is directly taken as kind of a cultivation by sub-bud from reed head.
5. Radix Scrophulariae according to claim 2 is avoided the peak hour growth method for interplanting cultivation, it is characterised in that: flue-cured tobacco seedling exercising breeding method is: mid-February then, put up greenhouse frame, buckles well awning film, strains compacting, and temperature raising is standby; Putting up outstanding bed, female bed seedlings growing area every mu is no less than 0.5m2; Early March then, seed bed lid layer mulch film again in booth, booth is added a cover woven straw, insulation is at more than 100C;
After Seedling all sprouts, dry in the air bed depending on bed surface humiture;
Seedbed, anti-damping off is built when having taken advantage of sunlight afternoon;The last ten-days period in March then, stifling Nutrition Soil, every mu of 0.33m3, stifling 48 hours, after leaking informaton 2-3 days, fill seedlings nursing plate, every mu fills 12 dishes; Last ten-days period last month are to the beginning of April then, heel in, and heel in canopy and to detain booth; To early May at the end of four months then, machinery ridging, line-spacing 1.1-1.2 rice, applies fertilizer by fertilizer applications balance formula; And in mid-October to the last ten-days period, to seedling leaf-cutting 2 times, nurturing staff; In the last ten-days period in April, by controlling water, control fertilizer, seedling is carried out seedling exercising acquisition flue-cured tobacco seedling exercising, but note night cold-proof.
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| CN114080964B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-01-10 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of radix scrophulariae |
| NL2032964B1 (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2024-02-16 | Chongqing Acad Chinese Materia Medica | Ecological planting method for scrophularia ningpoensis |
| CN115997633A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-04-25 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司汇川分公司 | Method for interplanting flue-cured tobacco and radix bupleuri |
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