CN101305670A - Planting method for conquering the continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping problems of flue-cured tobacco. The quality of the flue-cured tobacco is improved by alternately intercropping the flue-cured tobacco and peanuts or sweet potatoes so as to improve the ratio of the medium and high rank tobacco, and both the output value per unit of land and the income of the tobacco grower are increased; and meanwhile, the flue-cured tobacco planting is integrated with the generalized agriculture production, therefore, the continuous cropping problems (such as growth inhibition, disease and insect pest epidemiology and product quality reduction, etc.) of the flue-cured tobacco are remarkably lightened, the flue-cured tobacco can be basically planted for a long term and in successive years, the problem of serious tobacco field resources in the southwest region is solved, and the sustainable production of the flue-cured tobacco is guaranteed.

Description

A kind of kind method for planting that overcomes continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco

Technical field

The present invention relates to fields such as modern crop genetics, soil and fertilizer, particularly relate to a kind of kind method for planting that overcomes continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco.

Background technology

Flue-cured tobacco is the important economic crops of China, occupies critical role in national economy.The tobacco planting area was 1,572 ten thousand mu in 2006, and tax revenue reaches 2,900 hundred million yuan, occupied first of the national every profession and trade individual event tax revenue.The southwest is the main product cigarette district of China's flue-cured tobacco, and cultivated area surpasses 70% of the whole nation.But have a large population and a few land in cloud, expensive, river, Chongqing, and the Succession Cropping of Flue _ cured Tobacco phenomenon is very general, yet studies show that, continuous cropping suppresses the flue-cured tobacco growth, reduces output and quality, and its main cause is that continuous cropping causes damage by disease and insect seriously to take place, the allelochemical accumulation, and soil nutrient is unbalance etc.Therefore, have a strong impact on the Sustainable Production of flue-cured tobacco.The effective measures that overcome continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco at present are crop rotation plantations.But it almost is impossible carrying out flue-cured tobacco crop rotation plantation in the southwestern cigarette district of cultivated land resource famine.In order to improve flue cured tobacco quality, increase the unit are output value, guarantee the sustainable development of cured tobacco production, it is very necessary to seek a kind of kind method for planting that overcomes continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco, does not still have correlative study report both at home and abroad.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of kind method for planting that overcomes continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco, this method can be improved flue cured tobacco quality, the ratio of medium grade cigarette in the raising, increase the output value and tobacco grower's income of land area of one unit, improve productivity of land, long-term the continuing that guarantees raw tobacco material supplied, and tobacco planting is incorporated big agriculture production.

The kind method for planting that the present invention is a kind of to overcome continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco is specifically: when transplanting flue-cured tobacco, sow peanut or plantation sweet potato simultaneously, flue-cured tobacco is planted triplex row peanut or triplex row sweet potato in the ranks, flue-cured tobacco line-spacing * nest is apart from=1.5 meters * 0.5 meter, peanut line-spacing * nest is apart from=0.25 meter * 0.25 meter, sweet potato line-spacing * nest will be planted the place of peanut or sweet potato and the place exchange of plantation tobacco, plantation so in turn in 1 year apart from=0.25 meter * 0.30 meter;

The field management technology of flue-cured tobacco, as transplant, pinch, fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, results, baking etc., produce identical with local land for growing field crops.

Peanut is only used seed manure one time, use 5 kilograms of urea for every mu, 20 kilograms of superphosphate, 10 kilograms of ash, or with etc. the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of nutrient or farmyard manure replace urea, superphosphate and ash, preventing during fertilising that fertilizer and seed from directly contacting to cause burns kind, and other field management of peanut is produced with local general land for growing field crops;

Use seed manure one time when transplanting sweet potato, use the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium that is equivalent to 3 kilograms of purity nitrogens, N for every mu: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O=2: 1: 1, or with the suitable urea of nutrient, fecaluria fertilizer or chemical fertilizer of simple substance replacement, when tobacco is topdressed for the first time, use once and topdress, use 3 kilograms of urea for every mu, or the liquid dung of equivalent nitrogen, other field management of sweet potato is produced with local general land for growing field crops.

The plantation specification of flue-cured tobacco, peanut, sweet potato can be according to appropriate changes such as the soil of locality, weather, planting habit.

Fig. 1 plants schematic diagram between flue-cured tobacco～peanut (sweet potato) takes turns

Advantage of the present invention is:

Although 1 yield per unit area be clean do about 80%, the ratio of first-class cigarette and average price improve, add peanut (or Sweet potato) the output value, the gross output value are higher than makes flue-cured tobacco only.

2, tobacco planting is incorporated multi-form agriculture production, significantly alleviate continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco (such as growth inhibition, disease and pest is popular, Yield and quality reduction etc.), basically can plant for a long time flue-cured tobacco year after year, solve the problem of cigarette ground, southwest resource anxiety, protect Demonstrate,proved the sustainable production of flue-cured tobacco.

3, increase soil fertility, increase soil nitrogen, activating soil phosphorus potassium improves soil nutrient balance, assurance soil Long-term sustainable is utilized.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

With the Succession Cropping of Flue _ cured Tobacco is contrast, plantation specification line-spacing * nest distance=1.0m * 0.6m; The inventive method take turns the flue-cured tobacco of intercropping by line-spacing * nest apart from=1.5 meters * 0.5 meter plantation, flue-cured tobacco is planted the triplex row peanut in the ranks, peanut line-spacing * nest was planted 3 years at the place of plantation peanut plantation flue-cured tobacco apart from=0.25 meter * 0.25 meter in 1 year so in turn;

Flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating is transplanted, and transplanting time is late May, single file ridging, the high 30cm in ridge, mu nitrogen fertilizer application 6kg, N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O=1: 1.5: 2, wherein, fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer were all made base manure, and 70% nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are made base manure; Transplant that the back is intertilled in conjunction with topdressing, weeding, ridging, in planting 35～40 days pin leaves of having an abortion in back, and impose remaining nitrogen-potassium fertilizer, go up high railway carriage or compartment 40cm;

Sow peanut simultaneously with flue-cured tobacco transplanting, 3 seeds of every nest sowing, 0.25 meter * 0.25 meter of sowing specification, sowing 3 row are used superphosphate 20kg/ mu and liquid dung 1000kg/ mu between the cigarette strain during sowing;

The result shows (seeing Table 1), adopts after the inventive method, and (1 year) was about 80% of general planting when yield of flue-cured tobacco was minimum, but significantly improve Flue-cured tobacco Quality, improve the flue-cured tobacco average price, add the output value of peanut, the gross output value of unit are is significantly higher than general planting.The 3rd year, the trend of reduction appearred in the cured tobacco leaf output of continuous cropping and the output value, and the effect that the inventive method overcomes continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco is more outstanding.

Embodiment 2:

With the Succession Cropping of Flue _ cured Tobacco is contrast, plantation specification line-spacing * nest distance=1.0m * 0.6m; The inventive method take turns the flue-cured tobacco of intercropping by line-spacing * nest apart from=1.5 meters * 0.5 meter plantation, flue-cured tobacco is planted the triplex row sweet potato in the ranks, sweet potato line-spacing * nest was planted 3 years at the place of plantation sweet potato plantation flue-cured tobacco apart from=0.25 meter * 0.30 meter in 1 year so in turn;

Flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating is transplanted, and transplanting time is late May, single file ridging, the high 30cm in ridge, mu nitrogen fertilizer application 8kg, N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O=1: 1.5: 2, wherein, fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer were all made base manure, and 70% nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are made base manure; Transplant that the back is intertilled in conjunction with topdressing, weeding, ridging, in planting 35～40 days pin leaves of having an abortion in back, and impose remaining nitrogen-potassium fertilizer, go up high railway carriage or compartment 40cm;

Sweet potato and flue-cured tobacco transplanting are planted simultaneously, 0.25 meter * 0.25 meter of the specification of planting, and plantation 3 row are used urea 2kg/ mu, general calcium 20kg/ mu and liquid dung 1000kg/ mu between the cigarette strain during plantation, when the first time, flue-cured tobacco topdressed, impose nitrogenous fertilizer 3kg/ mu simultaneously;

The result shows (seeing Table 1), adopts after the inventive method, and (1 year) was about 80% of general planting when yield of flue-cured tobacco was minimum, but significantly improve Flue-cured tobacco Quality, improve the flue-cured tobacco average price, add the output value of sweet potato, the gross output value of unit are is significantly higher than general planting.The 3rd year, the trend of reduction appearred in the cured tobacco leaf output of continuous cropping and the output value, and the effect that the inventive method overcomes continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco is more outstanding.

Table 1 Different Ways of Planting is to the influence of the crop yield and the output value etc.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of kind method for planting that overcomes continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco, it is characterized in that specifically: when transplanting flue-cured tobacco, sow peanut or plantation sweet potato simultaneously, flue-cured tobacco is planted triplex row peanut or triplex row sweet potato in the ranks, flue-cured tobacco line-spacing * nest is apart from=1.5 meters * 0.5 meter, and peanut line-spacing * nest is apart from=0.25 meter * 0.25 meter, and sweet potato line-spacing * nest is apart from=0.25 meter * 0.30 meter, to plant the place of peanut or sweet potato and the place exchange of plantation tobacco, plantation so in turn in 1 year;

The field management technology of flue-cured tobacco, as transplant, pinch, fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, results, baking etc., produce identical with local land for growing field crops.

2, method according to claim 1, its feature also is:

Peanut is only used seed manure one time, use 5 kilograms of urea for every mu, 20 kilograms of superphosphate, 10 kilograms of ash, or with etc. the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of nutrient or farmyard manure replace urea, superphosphate and ash, preventing during fertilising that fertilizer and seed from directly contacting to cause burns kind, and other field management of peanut is produced with local general land for growing field crops;

Use seed manure one time when transplanting sweet potato, use the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium that is equivalent to 3 kilograms of purity nitrogens, N for every mu: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O=2: 1: 1, or with the suitable urea of nutrient, fecaluria fertilizer or chemical fertilizer of simple substance replacement, when tobacco is topdressed for the first time, use once and topdress, use 3 kilograms of urea for every mu, or the liquid dung of equivalent nitrogen, other field management of sweet potato is produced with local general land for growing field crops.

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