CN104067796A - Intercropping method for tobacco and sweet potatoes - Google Patents
Intercropping method for tobacco and sweet potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104067796A CN104067796A CN201410251673.4A CN201410251673A CN104067796A CN 104067796 A CN104067796 A CN 104067796A CN 201410251673 A CN201410251673 A CN 201410251673A CN 104067796 A CN104067796 A CN 104067796A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intercropping method for tobacco and sweet potatoes. The intercropping method comprises the following steps: I, selecting varieties; II, ridging; III, applying fertilizers; IV, transplanting; V, performing field management, picking up and baking. Through intercropping of tobacco and sweet potatoes, natural crop rotation in a tobacco field is realized, the basic tobacco field area is stabilized, the plant diseases are effectively relieved, the tobacco planting risk is lowered, the tobacco leaf quality is good, the overall benefit is high, the tobacco planting initiative of tobacco growers is improved, and the tobacco grower team is stabilized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of proportion of crop planting method, relate in particular to a kind of cigarette potato intercropping plant method.
Background technology
The condition that affects tobacco leaf planting is a lot, and particularly, the in the situation that of China's plantation soil anxiety, grain, cigarette are striven particularly thorny; And tobacco leaf planting district is because single cropping tobacco leaf all the year round causes soil degradation, damage by disease and insect to increase the weight of, and has a strong impact on output and the quality of tobacco leaf.Meanwhile, due to flue-cured tobacco results be blade, therefore relatively the disaster such as other crop wind-engagings, hail, disease to affect meeting more serious, Planting risk is larger than other crops.
Therefore, solve vega single cropping, realize the crop rotation of vega nature, stablize vega cultivated area, ensure tobacco leaf planting quality, overall planting benefit is provided, alleviate damage by disease and insect, reducing Planting risk needs a kind of reasonably implantation methods.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve deficiency of the prior art, provide one can realize the crop rotation of vega nature, ensure tobacco leaf planting quality, alleviate damage by disease and insect, reduce Planting risk, improve the cigarette potato intercropping plant method of overall planting benefit.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopting is in the present invention, a kind of cigarette potato intercropping plant method, and its step is as follows:
One, kind is selected: determine flue-cured tobacco cultivars and sweet potato variety in conjunction with planting site soil, sweet potato must be selected short seedling kind, to reduce the impact on cigarette strain growing space;
Two, ridging: the intercropping of cigarette potato, cigarette seeding row spacing, cigarette strain are identical with sweet potato line-spacing;
Three, fertilising: purity nitrogen 5.5～8kg in medium fertility vega mu fertilise, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1:1:2～3, high and low fertility vega subtracts or increases respectively 0.5 ± 0.1kg purity nitrogen than medium fertility vega;
Four, transplant: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase, sweet potato was in rice transplanting on 10～May 20 in May with the conventional pure vega of doing, and the whole field growth period of cigarette strain is that time cigarette potato symbiosis phase is 85～95 days;
Five, field management and picking and roasting: field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and the picking and roasting of cigarette potato intercropping vega is with the conventional pure vega of doing, according to vega fertility state cigarette, leaf is suitably pinched, is stayed more in strain evening, 18～22, effect leaf is left in medium fertility plot, the vega that fertility is excessive, stay the number of sheets to increase by 2～5, cigarette strain will be pulled out cigarette straw after gathering and finishing in time, promotes growth of sweet potato.
Further, in described step 2, the intercropping of cigarette potato adopts " 1+1 " intercropping of " 2+1 " intercropping of 2 row cigarette 1 row sweet potatoes or " 2+2 " intercropping of 2 row cigarette 2 row sweet potatoes or 1 row cigarette 1 row sweet potato; 80～90 centimetres of " 2+1 " intercropping line-spacings, 55 centimetres of left and right of cigarette strain spacing in the rows; 80 centimetres of " 2+2 " intercropping line-spacings, 50～55 centimetres of spacing in the rows; " 1+1 " intercropping, 80 centimetres of line-spacings, 45～50 centimetres of spacing in the rows, ridge is high more than 25 centimetres, and other ridging operation requirements are with the pure vega of doing.
Further, the fertilizer that sweet potato is used is selected fertilizer special for tobacco or K
2sO
4type composite fertilizer, mu is executed 20～25 kilograms of fertilizer special for tobacco, or is affixed by 5kg urea simultaneously, can not use carbonic hydroammonium.
Further, described cigarette potato " 2+1 " intercropping, in the time that Second Year is planted, by the exchange plantation of He Shu ridge, a line cigarette ridge, avoids vega continuous cropping; Cigarette potato " 2+2 ", " 1+1 " intercropping, in the time that Second Year is planted, need not exchange plot, can, by the exchange plantation of He Shu ridge, cigarette ridge, realize vega and automatically change crops in same plot.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: by the intercropping of cigarette potato, realize the crop rotation of vega nature, stablize Basic tobacco field area, effectively alleviate disease, reduce and plant cigarette risk, quality of tobacco is good, and overall benefit is higher, has improved tobacco grower and has planted cigarette enthusiasm, stablized tobacco grower troop.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
A kind of cigarette potato intercropping plant method, its step is as follows:
One, kind is selected: determine flue-cured tobacco cultivars and sweet potato variety in conjunction with planting site soil, sweet potato must be selected short seedling kind, to reduce the impact on cigarette strain growing space;
Two, ridging: the intercropping of cigarette potato, cigarette seeding row spacing, cigarette strain are identical with sweet potato line-spacing;
Three, fertilising: purity nitrogen 5.5～8kg in medium fertility vega mu fertilise, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1:1:2～3, high and low fertility vega subtracts or increases respectively 0.5 ± 0.1kg purity nitrogen than medium fertility vega; Execute purity nitrogen 6.5kg as 85 mu, NC82, K326, cloud and mist, Zhongyan-100 mu is executed purity nitrogen 8kg, and NC89 mu is executed purity nitrogen 5.5kg;
Four, transplant: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase, sweet potato was in the 10-5 month in May 20 rice transplanting with the conventional pure vega of doing, and the whole field growth period of cigarette strain is that time cigarette potato symbiosis phase is 85-95 days;
Five, field management and picking and roasting: field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and the picking and roasting of cigarette potato intercropping vega is with the conventional pure vega of doing, according to vega fertility state cigarette, leaf is suitably pinched, is stayed more in strain evening, generally, effect leaf 18-22 sheet is left in medium fertility plot, the vega that fertility is excessive, stay the number of sheets to increase by 2～5, cigarette strain will be pulled out cigarette straw after gathering and finishing in time, promotes growth of sweet potato.
In described step 2, the intercropping of cigarette potato adopts " 1+1 " intercropping of " 2+1 " intercropping of 2 row cigarette 1 row sweet potatoes or " 2+2 " intercropping of 2 row cigarette 2 row sweet potatoes or 1 row cigarette 1 row sweet potato; 80～90 centimetres of " 2+1 " intercropping line-spacings, 55 centimetres of left and right of cigarette strain spacing in the rows; 80 centimetres of " 2+2 " intercropping line-spacings, 50～55 centimetres of spacing in the rows; " 1+1 " intercropping, 80 centimetres of line-spacings, 45～50 centimetres of spacing in the rows, ridge is high more than 25 centimetres, and other ridging operation requirements are with the pure vega of doing.
The fertilizer that sweet potato is used is selected fertilizer special for tobacco or K
2sO
4type composite fertilizer, mu is executed 20～25 kilograms of fertilizer special for tobacco, or is affixed by 5kg urea simultaneously, can not use carbonic hydroammonium.
embodiment 2
Potato cigarette intercropping mode belongs to solid growth, can improve soil cropping index, and alleviation grain, cigarette are striven ground contradiction.Cigarette potato " 2+1 " intercropping mode, in the time that Second Year is planted, by the exchange plantation of He Shu ridge, a line cigarette ridge, avoids vega continuous cropping; Cigarette potato " 2+2 ", " 1+1 " intercropping mode, in the time that Second Year is planted, need not exchange plot, can be by the exchange plantation of He Shu ridge, cigarette ridge in same plot, realizing vega changes crops automatically, effectively alleviated because of shortage of land resource, crop rotation is not easy the problem realizing, and has realized the crop rotation of vega nature.
Cigarette potato intercropping plant area and plantation colony are stable, have increased a part of potato field as Basic tobacco field, can effectively stablize and expand Basic tobacco field area.Cong Mou county Basic tobacco field statistical data sees, 2010-2012 Basic tobacco field area increases year by year, within 2012, increases by 4.94 ten thousand mu (referring to table one) than 2010, and cigarette potato interplanting mode has played positive role.
6 small towns, 18Ge village, 54 family tobacco growers within 2011, are investigated, result shows, the intercropping of cigarette potato, and limit row is with the obvious advantage, cigarette strain growing way is stronger, make cigarette strain growing way be better than the pure vega of doing, owing to taking full advantage of space and illumination, so, the economical characters such as cigarette potato intercropping vega plant height, stem girth, the number of blade, maximum leaf length and width, all be better than the pure vega (referring to table two) of doing, be conducive to lower two canopy tobacco leaf normal matures, improve the first-class cigarette ratio in middle part.
Table two, cigarette potato intercropping vega Other Main Agronomic Characters investigation detail list
By to 6 small towns, 18Ge village, the survey showed that for 54 family tobacco growers, intercropping vega output value benefit is all higher than the pure vega of doing." 2+1 " intercropping vega per mu yield is 145.16 kilograms, is pure 90% left and right of making vega output; First-class cigarette ratio average out to 58.46%, to make vega high 6.06 percentage points than pure; The first-class cigarette ratio average out to 44.85% in middle part, to make vega high 8.75 percentage points than pure; Flue-cured tobacco average yield per mu value is 2675.49 yuan, 1029.88 yuan of pachyrhizus mu average incomes, and the average total income of mu increases by 924.77 yuan than the pure vega of doing; Mu net earnings increases by 1541.09 yuan than the pure vega of doing." 2+2 " intercropping mode vega per mu yield is 128.46 kilograms, is pure 80% left and right of making vega output; First-class cigarette ratio average out to 58.69%, to make vega high 6.29 percentage points than pure; The first-class cigarette ratio average out to 48.4% in middle part, to make vega high 12.3 percentage points than pure; Flue-cured tobacco average yield per mu value is 2536.08,2254.81 yuan of pachyrhizus mu average incomes, and the average total income of mu increases by 1784.82 yuan than the pure vega of doing; Mu net earnings increases by 2649.45 yuan than the pure vega of doing." 1+1 " intercropping mode vega per mu yield is 129.1 kilograms, is pure 80% left and right of making vega output; First-class cigarette ratio average out to 59.97%, to make vega high 7.57 percentage points than pure; The first-class cigarette ratio average out to 49.2% in middle part, to make vega high 13.1 percentage points than pure; Flue-cured tobacco average yield per mu value is 2559.55 yuan, 2259.3 yuan of pachyrhizus mu average incomes, and the average total income of mu increases by 1812.32 yuan than the pure vega of doing; Mu net earnings increases by 2601.67 yuan (referring to table three) than the pure vega of doing.
Table three, potato cigarette interplanting mode output value Investigation on Benefits statistical form
Unit: kg/acre, unit/mu, unit
The intercropping of potato cigarette belongs to the best collocation mode of long-stalked crop and short stalk crop, can effectively improve vega ventilation and penetrating light condition, improve field microclimate, strengthen cigarette strain self resistance, data show according to investigations, the intercropping of cigarette potato can effectively alleviate can effectively alleviate virus disease, the tikka diseases such as red star, prairie fire angle spot, and the level reducing between disease infects and vertical infection.Within 2011, investigate the incidence of disease and the disease index of different intercropping mode vega cigarette strain at onset peak period, investigation result is in table four.
Table four, cigarette potato intercropping vega Major Diseases investigation statistics table
As can be seen from the above table, intercropping vega virus disease, rust, the prairie fire angular leaf spot incidence of disease and disease index are all lower than the pure vega of doing, and especially rust morbidity is lighter.Wherein three kinds of disease disease indexs of " 1+1 " intercropping vega are minimum, and virus disease average attack rate is 12.74%, and to make vega low 9.43 percentage points than pure; Disease index average out to 1.7, to make vega low by 9.19 than pure; Rust average attack rate is 4.14, and to make vega low 4 percentage points than pure; Disease index average out to 0.44, to make vega low by 1 than pure.Falling ill relatively light is " 2+2 ", " 2+1 " intercropping vega.
Due to flue-cured tobacco results be blade, therefore other crops and so relatively, the disasters such as wind-engaging, hail, disease to affect meeting more serious, risk is larger than other crops.Potato cigarette intercropping plant can effectively reduce plants cigarette risk, especially in the time running into wind, disaster caused by hail evil, planting cigarette benefit reduces maybe can not realize benefit time, pachyrhizus still has income, " 2+1 " intercropping pachyrhizus income per mu is more than 1000 yuan, " 2+2 ", " 1+1 " intercropping pachyrhizus mu income is more than 2000 yuan, substantially can ensure the withdrawal of the means of agricultural production such as young plant and fertilizer cost, bottom line can break even, therefore can effectively improve tobacco grower and plant cigarette enthusiasm, be conducive to the stable of tobacco grower troop, can effectively promote that leaf tobacco production continues, stable development.
Above-mentioned explanation is not limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited in above-mentioned giving an example, and variation, remodeling, interpolation or replacement that those skilled in the art make in essential scope of the present invention, also should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a cigarette potato intercropping plant method, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
One, kind is selected: determine flue-cured tobacco cultivars and sweet potato variety in conjunction with planting site soil, sweet potato must be selected short seedling kind, to reduce the impact on cigarette strain growing space;
Two, ridging: the intercropping of cigarette potato, cigarette seeding row spacing, cigarette strain are identical with sweet potato line-spacing;
Three, fertilising: purity nitrogen 5.5～8kg in medium fertility vega mu fertilise, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1:1:2～3, high and low fertility vega subtracts or increases respectively 0.5 ± 0.1kg purity nitrogen than medium fertility vega;
Four, transplant: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase, sweet potato was in rice transplanting on 10～May 20 in May with the conventional pure vega of doing, and the whole field growth period of cigarette strain is that time cigarette potato symbiosis phase is 85～95 days;
Five, field management and picking and roasting: field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and the picking and roasting of cigarette potato intercropping vega is with the conventional pure vega of doing, according to vega fertility state cigarette, leaf is suitably pinched, is stayed more in strain evening, 18～22, effect leaf is left in medium fertility plot, the vega that fertility is excessive, stay the number of sheets to increase by 2～5, cigarette strain will be pulled out cigarette straw after gathering and finishing in time, promotes growth of sweet potato.
2. cigarette potato intercropping plant method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 2, the intercropping of cigarette potato adopts " 1+1 " intercropping of " 2+1 " intercropping of 2 row cigarette 1 row sweet potatoes or " 2+2 " intercropping of 2 row cigarette 2 row sweet potatoes or 1 row cigarette 1 row sweet potato; 80～90 centimetres of " 2+1 " intercropping line-spacings, 55 centimetres of left and right of cigarette strain spacing in the rows; 80 centimetres of " 2+2 " intercropping line-spacings, 50～55 centimetres of spacing in the rows; " 1+1 " intercropping, 80 centimetres of line-spacings, 45～50 centimetres of spacing in the rows, ridge is high more than 25 centimetres, and other ridging operation requirements are with the pure vega of doing.
3. cigarette potato intercropping plant method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described cigarette potato " 2+1 " intercropping, in the time that Second Year is planted, by the exchange plantation of He Shu ridge, a line cigarette ridge, avoid vega continuous cropping; Cigarette potato " 2+2 ", " 1+1 " intercropping, in the time that Second Year is planted, need not exchange plot, can, by the exchange plantation of He Shu ridge, cigarette ridge, realize vega and automatically change crops in same plot.
4. cigarette potato intercropping plant method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fertilizer that sweet potato is used is selected fertilizer special for tobacco or K
2sO
4type composite fertilizer, mu is executed 20～25 kilograms of fertilizer special for tobacco, or is affixed by 5kg urea simultaneously, can not use carbonic hydroammonium.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106171423A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院 | A kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and the interplanting method of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN106856930A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-20 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco Soybean Intercropping efficient cultivation method |
| CN109892189A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-06-18 | 谭军 | A kind of tobacco-growing soil ecological nursing method under cigarette potato intercropping and interplanting mode |
| CN113711881A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-11-30 | 河南科技大学 | Potato ridge tobacco planting 'potato tobacco' intercropping crop rotation planting method |
| CN113973677A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-01-28 | 河南科技大学 | Flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method |
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| CN101305670A (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2008-11-19 | 西南大学 | Planting method for conquering the continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco |
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| CN103650867A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-26 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Relay intercropping method of flue-cured tobacco, wheat and sweet potatoes |
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2014
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106171423A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院 | A kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and the interplanting method of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN106856930A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-20 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco Soybean Intercropping efficient cultivation method |
| CN109892189A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-06-18 | 谭军 | A kind of tobacco-growing soil ecological nursing method under cigarette potato intercropping and interplanting mode |
| CN113711881A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-11-30 | 河南科技大学 | Potato ridge tobacco planting 'potato tobacco' intercropping crop rotation planting method |
| CN113973677A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-01-28 | 河南科技大学 | Flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method |
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Application publication date: 20141001 |