CN113973677A - Flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention relates to a flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method, after fertilizing, ridging and laminating, transplanting tobacco and sweet potatoes on raised tobacco ridges according to a mode of two ridges of tobacco and two ridges of sweet potatoes, wherein the sweet potato and tobacco transplanting adopts an equidistant planting mode; managing the tobacco and the sweet potato according to a conventional cultivation method after transplanting, harvesting the sweet potato at the bottom of 7 months, leveling the land and sowing mung beans after harvesting the sweet potato; harvesting and baking tobacco in batches in 8-month late ten days of the same year; harvesting semen Phaseoli Radiati in the first ten days of the same year in 10 months; and when planting in the next year, preparing soil again, fertilizing, ridging and laminating films on the same land, planting tobacco and sweet potato in a ridge-exchanging manner, and sowing mung beans after harvesting the sweet potatoes. The invention can make sweet potatoes use tobacco ridging and film covering machinery, is convenient for field operation, and the tobacco, the sweet potatoes and the mung beans are matched in height, thereby improving the ventilation and light transmission of the group and the utilization efficiency of light energy, improving the soil structure by crop rotation and stubble rotation, reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and effectively relieving the contradiction of land competition of tobacco and grain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method.
Background
Tobacco is a continuous cropping-prohibited crop, however, due to the great difficulty of tobacco planting and rotation, most tobacco areas mainly use single crop, and the continuous cropping phenomenon of tobacco fields is more prominent. The problems of biological unicity, soil nutrient consumption on one side, deterioration of plough layer structure, serious soil hardening, nutrient imbalance, pathogen accumulation, annual increase of pest and disease damage phenomena and the like caused by long-term continuous cropping of the flue-cured tobacco, and further the yield and the quality of the tobacco are reduced.
The sweet potato has the characteristics of high yield, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, rich nutrition and wide application, and particularly has high nutritive value and excellent taste of the commercial sweet potato. However, commercial potatoes are forbidden to be continuously planted, and long-term continuous planting can cause the decrease of soil physicochemical properties, aggravate soil-borne diseases, reduce the number of root tubers and seriously affect the yield and quality of the commercial potatoes.
The mung bean also has the characteristics of short growth period, long sowing proper period, wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, excellent nitrogen fixation capability and the like, is suitable for intercropping and interplanting crops such as tobacco, potatoes and the like, and is also an ideal nutritional health food for people. With the increasing demand of people on coarse cereals mainly comprising beans, mung beans have wide development prospect as a small coarse cereal with wide application.
The soil can be loosened through rotation, the soil structure is improved, the balanced utilization of soil nutrients is ensured, and the single loss of mineral elements is reduced; intercropping can reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, improve the space utilization rate of the land and fully utilize the light energy. Therefore, the cultivation mode of the interplanting rotation among the tobacco, the sweet potato and the mung bean is beneficial to ensuring the yield and the quality of the tobacco and the commercial potato on one hand and the development of local special minor cereal industry on the other hand. The conventional tobacco-potato intercropping and tobacco-bean intercropping planting mode is characterized in that sweet potatoes and beans are transplanted into furrows of two ridges of tobacco, the sweet potatoes and the beans are in secondary status in the intercropping planting mode, and the conventional tobacco-potato intercropping planting mode is not supported by agricultural machinery and is very inconvenient to operate. Therefore, how to make the tobacco, the sweet potato and the beans in the same position in the tobacco-potato-bean intercropping planting mode, improve the space resources and the light energy utilization efficiency of the land to a greater extent, fully utilize the existing tobacco agricultural machinery, and be an important way for solving the stable and coordinated development of the tobacco and the local characteristic crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping rotation planting method, which enables sweet potatoes and mung beans to be in the same position as tobacco in a tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping rotation mode, can improve the soil structure, enables soil nutrients to be utilized uniformly, fully utilizes space resources of the land, improves the utilization efficiency of light energy, achieves the combination of land utilization and soil cultivation, has simple and reasonable structure, can plant sweet potatoes by using a tobacco ridger, realizes the comprehensive utilization of agricultural machinery for tobacco, and is simple and convenient in field mechanical operation, time-saving, labor-saving and convenient to popularize.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizing: the pure nitrogen in the fertilizer is 4kg per acre of field with medium fertility, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:2: 3.5; 150kg of decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 80kg of charcoal modifier are applied to the ground per mu; the high-fertility field and the low-fertility field are respectively decreased or increased by 1.0 +/-0.1 kg of pure nitrogen and decreased or increased by 50kg of decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer compared with the medium-fertility field;
(2) ridging and film covering: ridging tobacco with a tobacco ridging machine at a ridge spacing of 140 cm; covering a mulching film on the tobacco ridges by using a tobacco film covering machine while ridging;
(3) transplanting: planting tobacco and sweet potatoes on the raised tobacco ridges in an inter-crop rotation mode, namely transplanting the tobacco and the sweet potatoes according to a mode of two-ridge tobacco, two-ridge sweet potatoes and two-ridge tobacco, two-ridge sweet potatoes, planting 2 rows of sweet potatoes on each tobacco ridge, transplanting the sweet potatoes in the middle ten days of 4 months, and transplanting the tobacco in the last ten days of 4 months; sweet potato and tobacco transplanting adopt a mulching film covering equidistant planting mode;
(4) managing the transplanted tobacco and sweet potatoes according to a conventional cultivation method, harvesting the sweet potatoes at the bottom of 7 months, carrying out symbiotic period of 85-95 days on the sweet potatoes, leveling the land after harvesting the sweet potatoes, and sowing mung beans in the first 8 months (drill sowing); harvesting and baking tobacco in batches in 8-month late ten days of the same year; harvesting semen Phaseoli Radiati in the first ten days of the same year in 10 months;
(5) when planting in the next year, preparing soil again on the same land, fertilizing again according to the methods in the step (1) and the step (2), ridging and laminating in situ, wherein the ridge distance is 140cm, tobacco and sweet potato are planted in the mode of exchanging ridges, namely, tobacco is planted on the ridge where the sweet potato is planted in the previous year, sweet potato is planted on the ridge where the tobacco is planted in the previous year, two-ridge mode of two-ridge sweet potato and two-ridge tobacco is adopted, 2 rows of sweet potatoes are planted on each tobacco ridge, the sweet potatoes are transplanted in 4 th of ten days, the tobacco is transplanted in 4 th of ten days, the mung beans are sown in the beginning of 8 months after the sweet potatoes are harvested, and the rest planting methods are the same as the steps (3) to (4).
Further, the sheep manure organic fertilizer in the step (1) comprises 49.70% of organic matter, 1.42% of nitrogen, 1.32% of phosphorus and 2.44% of potassium by mass fraction.
Further, the ridge height of the tobacco ridge in the step (2) is 30 cm.
Further, the mulching film adopted in the step (2) is a white polyethylene mulching film for cigarettes with the thickness of 0.010mm and the width of 100 cm.
Further, the row spacing of the tobacco in the same tobacco ridge in the step (3) is 65 cm.
Further, the distance between the sweet potatoes in the same row of sweet potatoes in the step (3) is 25-30cm, the distance between two rows of sweet potatoes in the same tobacco ridge is 40cm, and the distance between two rows of sweet potatoes in adjacent tobacco ridges is 100 cm.
Further, when the mung beans are sowed in the step (4), the row spacing of the mung beans is 50cm, and the plant spacing of the mung beans in the same row is 15-20 cm.
Further, the tobacco variety is flue-cured tobacco LY1306, the sweet potato variety is commercial potato-Pushu 32, and the mung bean variety is Yulv No. 5.
Further, after 10 months of tobacco and mung beans are harvested every year until sweet potatoes are transplanted in 4 months of the next year, cruciferous rape and rape manure dual-purpose rape is planted in idle land, the cruciferous rape and rape manure dual-purpose rape is planted in 11 months, and the cruciferous rape and rape manure dual-purpose rape is harvested in 4 months of the next year.
Further, the brassicaceae vegetable fertilizer dual-purpose rape is Fengyou No. 10.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method adopts a planting mode of intercropping rotation, adopts a tobacco ridge-forming film covering machine to form ridges and cover films, plants 2 rows of sweet potatoes on each tobacco ridge according to the planting mode of two ridges of sweet potatoes and two ridges of tobacco, and adopts an equidistant planting mode for the sweet potatoes and the tobacco. And after the sweet potatoes are harvested, the leguminous mung beans and the small coarse cereals are planted, so that the harvest can be increased, and the field can be fertilized. The tobacco and the sweet potato are planted on the ridge in the next year in a ridge-exchanging manner, rotation can be realized while intercropping is carried out, the land and the light energy are fully utilized, the brassicaceous vegetable and fertilizer dual-purpose rape is planted in the period from the harvest of the tobacco and the mung bean to the transplantation of the sweet potato in the next year, the brassicaceous vegetable and fertilizer dual-purpose rape is planted in the same year in 11 months, the brassicaceous vegetable and fertilizer dual-purpose rape is harvested in 4 months in the next year, the planting of the tobacco and the sweet potato in the next year is not influenced, the land resource is not wasted, the evaporation on the earth surface is reduced, the soil structure is not damaged, the soil nutrient is utilized uniformly, and the purposes of increasing the production and the value are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of tobacco and sweet potato planting in a tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation mode.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the sweet potato of FIG. 1 planted with mung beans between tobaccos after harvesting.
1-flue-cured tobacco, 2-sweet potato, 3-mung bean, 4-tobacco ridge and 5-mulching film.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the contents of the invention, reference will now be made to the following examples and accompanying drawings which illustrate the invention. The present embodiment is implemented based on the technology of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and operation steps are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The invention specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizing: the pure nitrogen in the fertilizer is 4kg per acre of field with medium fertility, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:2: 3.5; 150kg of decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 80kg of charcoal modifier are applied to the ground per mu; the high-fertility field and the low-fertility field are respectively decreased or increased by 1.0 +/-0.1 kg of pure nitrogen and decreased or increased by 50kg of decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer compared with the medium-fertility field; the sheep manure organic fertilizer comprises 49.70% of organic matter, 1.42% of nitrogen, 1.32% of phosphorus and 2.44% of potassium by mass fraction.
(2) Ridging and film covering: ridging tobacco with a tobacco ridging machine, wherein the ridge distance is 140cm, and the ridge height is 30 cm; covering a mulching film on the tobacco ridges by using a tobacco film covering machine while ridging; the mulching film is a white polyethylene mulching film for cigarettes with the thickness of 0.010mm and the width of 100 cm.
(3) Transplanting: planting tobacco and sweet potatoes on the raised tobacco ridges in a 2I 2 intercropping mode; the tobacco and the sweet potatoes are transplanted according to a mode of two ridges of tobacco, two ridges of sweet potatoes, two ridges of tobacco and two ridges of sweet potatoes, 2 rows of sweet potatoes are planted on each tobacco ridge, and finally two rows of four rows of sweet potatoes are planted, as shown in figure 1, the sweet potato and the tobacco are transplanted in a mulching equidistant planting mode, the tobacco plant spacing in the same tobacco ridge is 65cm, the sweet potato plant spacing in the same row of sweet potatoes is 25-30cm, the row spacing of the two rows of sweet potatoes in the same tobacco ridge is 40cm, the row spacing of the two rows of sweet potatoes in adjacent tobacco ridges is 100cm, and the row spacing of the sweet potatoes and the tobacco in adjacent tobacco ridges is 120cm, as shown in figure 1; transplanting sweet potatoes in the middle ten days of 4 months, and transplanting tobacco in the last ten days of 4 months;
(4) the method comprises the following steps of (1) managing the transplanted tobacco and sweet potatoes according to a conventional cultivation method, harvesting the sweet potatoes in the late 7 th ten days (the symbiotic period of the tobacco and the sweet potatoes is 85-95 days), leveling the land after harvesting the sweet potatoes, and primarily sowing mung beans (drill sowing) in 8 months, wherein the row spacing of adjacent mung beans is 50cm, and the plant spacing of mung beans in the same row of mung beans is 15-20 cm; the row spacing of the mung bean and the adjacent tobacco is 135cm, as shown in figure 2; harvesting and baking tobacco in batches in 8-month late ten days of the same year; mung beans were harvested in the first 10 th of the year.
(5) When planting in the next year, preparing soil again on the same land, fertilizing again according to the method in the step (1) and the step (2), ridging and film covering in situ, wherein the ridge distance is 140cm, and the ridge height is 30 cm; planting tobacco and sweet potatoes in exchanged field ridges, namely planting tobacco on the field ridge planting the sweet potatoes in the previous year, planting the sweet potatoes on the field ridge planting the tobacco in the previous year, planting the sweet potatoes according to a mode of two ridges of sweet potatoes, two ridges of tobacco, two ridges of sweet potatoes and two ridges of tobacco, planting 2 rows of sweet potatoes on each tobacco ridge, transplanting the sweet potatoes in the middle ten days of 4 months, and transplanting the tobacco in the lower ten days of 4 months; the sweet potatoes, the tobacco and the mung beans all adopt an equidistant planting mode; the other planting methods are the same as the steps (3) to (4).
In the method, the tobacco and the sweet potato are both raised according to a conventional raising method.
The following is a detailed description of specific examples:
specific implementation and comparison are carried out in 2021 years of 2019-Buck in Yiyang county of Luoyang city, Henan province, wherein the flue-cured tobacco variety is LY1306, the sweet potato variety is Pushu 32 (commercial potato), the mung bean variety Yulv No. 5, the soil type is brown soil, the organic matter of the soil is 12.10g/kg, the total nitrogen is 1.42g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 56.80mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 10.60 mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 109.30mg/kg, and the pH value is 7.11.
Example 1
Single-crop tobacco: the ridge distance is 140cm, the ridge height is 30cm, the tobacco adopts an equidistant planting mode, and the plant distance is 65 cm; and managing according to a conventional cultivation method.
Example 2
Sweet potato is used alone: the ridge distance is 90cm, the ridge height is 25cm, the sweet potato adopts an equidistant planting mode, and the plant distance is 28 cm; and managing according to a conventional cultivation method.
Example 3
Flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting (the detailed method is as above): the ridge distance is 140cm, the ridge height is 30cm, tobacco and sweet potatoes are transplanted according to a mode of two ridges of tobacco, two ridges of sweet potatoes, two ridges of tobacco and two ridges of sweet potatoes, 2 rows of sweet potatoes are planted on each tobacco ridge, finally two rows of four rows of tobacco and four rows of sweet potatoes are planted, the land is leveled after the sweet potatoes are harvested, mung beans are sown (strip sowing), the sweet potatoes, the tobacco and the mung beans all adopt an equidistant planting mode, the tobacco plant distance in the same tobacco ridge is 65cm, the sweet potato plant distance in the same row of sweet potatoes is 25-30cm, the row distance between two rows of sweet potatoes in the same tobacco ridge is 40cm, the row distance between two rows of sweet potatoes in adjacent tobacco ridges is 100cm, the green bean plant distance in the same row of mung beans is 15-20cm, and the row distance between adjacent mung beans is 50 cm; tobacco, sweet potato and mung bean are managed according to a conventional cultivation method.
Analysis of results
(1) Table 1 and Table 2 show the agronomic traits of tobacco and sweet potato in different planting modes of the three examples
As can be seen from Table 1, in the flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation mode of example 3, the maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, plant height, stem circumference and effective leaf number of tobacco (flourishing long period) are respectively increased by 8%, 15%, 23%, 19% and 15% (p is less than 0.05) compared with the single crop tobacco of example 1; example 3 the maximum leaf length, the maximum leaf width, the plant height and the stem circumference of the tobacco (in the topping period) are respectively improved by 4 percent, 6 percent, 4 percent and 22 percent (p is less than 0.05) compared with the single-crop tobacco in example 1, and the effective leaf number has no significant difference (p is more than 0.05) with the single-crop tobacco.
TABLE 1 agronomic traits of tobacco
(Note: the same different letters in the same time period indicate significant differences at the 5% level, the same applies hereinafter)
As can be seen from Table 2, in the flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation mode of example 3, the leaf length, leaf width and vine length of the sweet potatoes in the ridge sealing period and the harvesting period are not significantly different (p is more than 0.05) compared with those of the sweet potatoes in the single cropping period), while the branch number of the sweet potatoes in the flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation mode of example 3 is respectively increased by 26% and 33% (p is less than 0.05) compared with that of the sweet potatoes in example 2.
TABLE 2 agronomic traits of sweet potatoes
(2) SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of tobacco and sweet potato under different planting conditions
As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the single crop tobacco mode in example 1, in the flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation mode in example 3, the SPAD value and the net photosynthetic rate of the tobacco in the vigorous growing period are respectively improved by 6% and 19%; the SPAD value and the net photosynthetic rate of the tobacco in the topping period are respectively improved by 8 percent and 23 percent (p is less than 0.05).
TABLE 3 tobacco SPAD values and Net photosynthetic rates
As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the single cropping sweet potato mode in example 2, the SPAD values of the sweet potatoes in the ridge sealing period and the harvesting period are not obviously different in the flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation mode in example 3 (p is more than 0.05)); the net photosynthetic rate of the sweet potatoes in the vigorous growth period is improved by 4 percent compared with that of the sweet potatoes in single cropping, the net photosynthetic rate in the harvesting period is reduced by 5 percent (p is less than 0.05) compared with that of the sweet potatoes in single cropping, and the net photosynthetic rate of the sweet potatoes is slightly influenced along with the increase of the plant shape after the tobacco enters the vigorous growth period.
TABLE 4 SPAD values and Net photosynthetic rates for sweet potatoes
(3) Occurrence condition of main tobacco diseases under different planting conditions
As can be seen from Table 5, compared with the tobacco single crop mode in example 1, in the flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting mode in example 3, the incidence rates of tobacco field virus diseases, red star diseases and soil-borne rhizome diseases are significantly lower than that of the tobacco single crop (p is less than 0.05), wherein the incidence rate of the virus diseases is reduced by 5.61 percentage points compared with that of the tobacco single crop, the incidence rate of the red star diseases is reduced by 5.19 percentage points compared with that of the tobacco single crop, and the incidence rate of the soil-borne rhizome diseases is reduced by 11.05 percentage points compared with that of the tobacco single crop.
TABLE 5 incidence of major diseases in tobacco field (%)
(4) Yield values of different planting modes
As can be seen from Table 6, the net income per mu of the flue-cured tobacco and the single-crop sweet potato is 4000 yuan and 3350 yuan respectively, and the net income per mu of the flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting in example 3 is 4750 yuan, which are higher than the single-crop mode of the two crops, so that the flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting mode is better than the single-crop mode.
TABLE 6 yield and value under different planting modes
The invention can plant the brassicaceous vegetable and fertilizer dual-purpose rape such as rich oil No. 10 and the like on the idle land during the period from the harvest of the tobacco and the mung bean in 10 months per year to the transplantation of the sweet potato in 4 months in the next year, plants in 11 months, and harvests the flowering Chinese cabbage in 4 months in the next year, thereby generating some economic benefits, simultaneously playing the important roles of covering crops, reducing the evaporation of the earth surface and conserving the moisture, and being used as a green fertilizer for fertilizing the field and very practical.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and the present invention may also have other embodiments according to the above structures and functions, and is not listed again. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention by those skilled in the art can be made within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fertilizing: the pure nitrogen in the fertilizer is 4kg per acre of field with medium fertility, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:2: 3.5; 150kg of decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 80kg of charcoal modifier are applied to the ground per mu; the high-fertility field and the low-fertility field are respectively decreased or increased by 1.0 +/-0.1 kg of pure nitrogen and decreased or increased by 50kg of decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer compared with the medium-fertility field;
(2) ridging and film covering: ridging tobacco with a tobacco ridging machine at a ridge spacing of 140 cm; covering a mulching film on the tobacco ridges by using a tobacco film covering machine while ridging;
(3) transplanting: planting tobacco and sweet potatoes on the raised tobacco ridges in an inter-crop rotation mode, namely transplanting the tobacco and the sweet potatoes according to a mode of two-ridge tobacco, two-ridge sweet potatoes and two-ridge tobacco, two-ridge sweet potatoes, planting 2 rows of sweet potatoes on each tobacco ridge, transplanting the sweet potatoes in the middle ten days of 4 months, and transplanting the tobacco in the last ten days of 4 months; sweet potato and tobacco transplanting adopt a mulching film covering equidistant planting mode;
(4) managing the transplanted tobacco and sweet potatoes according to a conventional cultivation method, harvesting the sweet potatoes at the bottom of 7 months, carrying out symbiotic period of 85-95 days on the sweet potatoes, leveling the land after harvesting the sweet potatoes, and sowing mung beans in the beginning of 8 months; harvesting and baking tobacco in batches in 8-month late ten days of the same year; harvesting semen Phaseoli Radiati in the first ten days of the same year in 10 months;
(5) when planting in the next year, preparing soil again on the same land, fertilizing again according to the methods in the step (1) and the step (2), ridging and laminating in situ, wherein the ridge distance is 140cm, tobacco and sweet potato are planted in the mode of exchanging ridges, namely, tobacco is planted on the ridge where the sweet potato is planted in the previous year, sweet potato is planted on the ridge where the tobacco is planted in the previous year, two-ridge mode of two-ridge sweet potato and two-ridge tobacco is adopted, 2 rows of sweet potatoes are planted on each tobacco ridge, the sweet potatoes are transplanted in 4 th of ten days, the tobacco is transplanted in 4 th of ten days, the mung beans are sown in the beginning of 8 months after the sweet potatoes are harvested, and the rest planting methods are the same as the steps (3) to (4).
2. The flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the sheep manure organic fertilizer in the step (1) comprises 49.70% of organic matter, 1.42% of nitrogen, 1.32% of phosphorus and 2.44% of potassium by mass fraction.
3. The flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the ridge height of the tobacco ridge in the step (2) is 30 cm.
4. The efficient and sustainable planting method for interplanting flue-cured tobacco, sweet potato and mung bean according to claim 1, wherein the mulching film adopted in the step (2) is a white polyethylene mulching film for tobacco with the thickness of 0.010mm and the width of 100 cm.
5. The flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the row spacing of tobacco in the same tobacco ridge in step (3) is 65 cm.
6. The flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in step (3), the sweet potato plant spacing in the same row of sweet potatoes is 25-30cm, the row spacing of two rows of sweet potatoes in the same tobacco ridge is 40cm, and the row spacing of two rows of sweet potatoes in adjacent tobacco ridges is 100 cm.
7. The flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that when the mung beans are sown in the step (4), the row spacing of the mung beans is 50cm, and the plant spacing of the mung beans in the same row is 15-20 cm.
8. The flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tobacco variety is flue-cured tobacco LY1306, the sweet potato variety is commercial potato-Pushu 32, and the mung bean variety is Yulv No. 5.
9. The flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that after 10 months of each year of harvesting the tobacco and mung bean and during the period of transplanting the sweet potato in the next 4 months of the year, the cruciferous vegetable-fertilizer dual-purpose rape is planted on the idle land, planted for 11 months and harvested for 4 months of the next year.
10. The flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato-mung bean intercropping crop rotation planting method of claim 9, characterized in that the brassicaceous vegetable-fertilizer dual-purpose rape is FengYOU No. 10.
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