CN102860208B - Diversity culture method of young economical fruit interplanting amorphophallus xiei H.Li - Google Patents
Diversity culture method of young economical fruit interplanting amorphophallus xiei H.Li Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种幼龄经济林果套种谢君魔芋多样性栽培方法,整地、种芋处理、播种、田间管理、病虫草害综合防治、采收步骤,具体包括选择幼龄经济林果,行间进行深翻细耙,选择切块种芋播种,坚持“基肥、农家肥为主,追肥、化肥为辅”的原则进行田间管理,成熟采收。本发明从魔芋与经济林果的生长发育特点出发,根据其对光照、营养及水分要求的差异,制定出一套经济林果套种谢君魔芋的多样性栽培技术。通过一系列技术措施,提高魔芋产量、促进经济林果生长、增加农民收入。本发明具有提高魔芋产量且同时促进经济林果生长、提高经济效益、降低管理成本的双收益的优点。
The invention discloses a method for interplanting Xiejun Amorphophallus konjac diversity in young economical forest fruits, including the steps of soil preparation, taro planting treatment, sowing, field management, comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, and harvesting, specifically including selecting young economical forest fruits, interrowing Carry out deep plowing and fine harrowing, select diced taro for sowing, adhere to the principle of "basic manure and farmyard manure as the main, topdressing and chemical fertilizer as supplementary" for field management, and mature harvest. The present invention starts from the growth and development characteristics of konjac and economic forest fruit, and according to the differences in light, nutrition and water requirements, formulates a set of diversified cultivation techniques for economic forest fruit interplanting Xiejun konjac. Through a series of technical measures, the yield of konjac is increased, the growth of economic forest fruits is promoted, and the income of farmers is increased. The invention has the advantages of increasing konjac output and simultaneously promoting the growth of economic forest fruits, improving economic benefits and reducing management costs.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于作物栽培技术领域,进一步属于经济作物多样性栽培方法技术领域,具体涉及一种幼龄经济林果套种谢君魔芋多样性栽培方法。 The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, further belongs to the technical field of diverse cultivation methods of economic crops, and in particular relates to a diverse cultivation method of young economic forest fruit interplanting Amorphophallus konjac.
背景技术 Background technique
魔芋(Amorphallus)是天南星科(Areaceae)魔芋属(AmorphophallusBl. ex Decne)多年生宿根球茎草本植物,是目前人类所知的唯一大量含有葡甘聚糖的植物。葡甘聚糖作为魔芋的主要成分,具有水溶、增稠、胶凝、成膜、粘结、稳定、悬浮等理化特性,在食品、医药、化工、石油、纺织等领域用途广泛。以魔芋为原料加工制成的药品和保健品,可用于防治糖尿病、心血管病、肠胃病、便秘等。魔芋精粉膨胀率大,粘着力强,可制作多种黏合剂、乳化剂、防腐剂、保墒剂、杀虫剂、纸张增强剂、止血海绵等。魔芋在环保领域具有特殊的用途,以魔芋为原料生产的全生物降解农膜、食品保鲜膜、内外墙涂料等对降低环境污染具有重要意义。魔芋起源于热带、亚热带雨林的底层植被,喜温暖,忌高温,喜散射光和弱光,忌强光直射,属于半阴性植物。由于经济林果见效慢、成本回收期长,在2~6年盛产之前杂草生长快、管理成本高、土地利用率低、经济效益差。为解决上述问题,开发一种简便高效、资源利用率高、生产成本低、经济效益高的栽培方法是非常必要的。 Konjac ( Amorphallus ) is a perennial herbaceous perennial root bulb belonging to the genus Amorphophallus Bl. ex Decne of the family Araceae. It is the only plant known to humans to contain a large amount of glucomannan. As the main component of konjac, glucomannan has physical and chemical properties such as water solubility, thickening, gelling, film formation, bonding, stability, and suspension. It is widely used in food, medicine, chemical industry, petroleum, textile and other fields. Medicines and health care products processed from konjac can be used to prevent and treat diabetes, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disease, and constipation. Konjac fine powder has a large expansion rate and strong adhesion, and can be used to make a variety of adhesives, emulsifiers, preservatives, moisture-retaining agents, insecticides, paper enhancers, hemostatic sponges, etc. Konjac has special uses in the field of environmental protection. Fully biodegradable agricultural films, food preservation films, and interior and exterior wall coatings produced with konjac as raw materials are of great significance to reducing environmental pollution. Konjac originated from the bottom vegetation of tropical and subtropical rain forests. It likes warmth, avoids high temperature, likes scattered light and weak light, and avoids direct sunlight. It is a semi-yin plant. Due to the slow effect of economic forest fruit and long cost recovery period, weeds grow rapidly before the rich production in 2 to 6 years, the management cost is high, the land utilization rate is low, and the economic benefit is poor. In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to develop a simple and efficient cultivation method with high resource utilization rate, low production cost and high economic benefit.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种幼龄经济林果套种谢君魔芋多样性栽培方法。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of interplanting Xiejun Amorphophallus multivariate cultivation method of young economic forest fruit.
本发明的目的是这样实现的,包括整地、种芋处理、播种、田间管理、病虫草害综合防治、采收步骤,具体包括: The purpose of the present invention is achieved in this way, including the steps of soil preparation, planting taro treatment, sowing, field management, integrated prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, and harvesting, specifically comprising:
A、整地:选择2~6龄经济林果园,林果株距为4~6m,行距为5~7m,交通方便,土层深厚,质地疏松,有机质含量高,土壤PH值在6.5~7之间;未挂果经济果园在翌年开春之前整地,投产果园在果实采收结束后迅速清理果园,进行土壤消毒,对林果行间进行深翻细耙; A. Soil preparation: choose 2-6 years old economic forest orchard, the distance between trees and fruits is 4-6m, the row distance is 5-7m, the transportation is convenient, the soil layer is deep, loose, high in organic matter content, and the soil pH value is between 6.5-7; The economic orchards that have not yet bear fruit should prepare the land before the spring of the next year, and the orchards that are put into production should be cleaned up quickly after the fruit is harvested, the soil will be disinfected, and the rows of trees and fruits will be deeply plowed and finely raked;
B、种芋处理:选择种龄小、无病虫危害、表面光滑的球茎作为种芋,三龄以上种芋应破坏主芽后切块种植,种芋切块时以创面最小、芽丛保护最有效为原则,切块材料不宜堆放,晾晒时要求切口朝上,切种用的刀具要求刀身薄,刀口锋利,切种时下刀要果断,切面要平整,减少对球茎的损伤,切块遇到烂种时,刀具要经过消毒处理才能继续使用,避免病菌交叉感染,用作切块的球茎不应小于300g,切块大小以100~200g为宜;为保证出苗率,每个切块必须带有2个以上丛芽; B. Treatment of planting taro: choose bulbs with small seed age, no pest damage, and smooth surface as planting taro. Planting taro above the third age should destroy the main buds and then cut into pieces for planting. The most effective principle is the most effective principle. Cutting materials should not be piled up. When drying, the incision should face upward. The knife used for cutting seeds should have a thin blade and a sharp edge. When the seeds are rotten, the knives must be sterilized before they can be used again to avoid cross-infection of germs. The corms used for cutting should not be less than 300g, and the size of the cutting should be 100~200g; in order to ensure the emergence rate, each cutting must be With more than 2 cluster buds;
C、播种:切块应在阳光下晾晒2~3d,让创面失水收缩,切口愈合后即可播种;4月底,雨季来临之前播种魔芋,根据经济林果行向实行宽窄行种植,大行距60~80㎝,小行距30~40㎝,株距20~40㎝,每亩种植2000~3000株,根据种芋大小,实行分级分片种植,魔芋播种后用玉米秆或蔗叶覆盖,控制杂草生长,避免土壤板结; C. Sowing: The cut pieces should be dried in the sun for 2~3 days, so that the wound surface loses water and shrinks, and the incision can be sown after the incision is healed; at the end of April, before the rainy season, konjac is sown, and planting is carried out in wide and narrow rows according to the direction of the economic forest and fruit row, with a large row spacing of 60 ~80㎝, small row spacing 30-40㎝, plant spacing 20-40㎝, planting 2000-3000 plants per acre, according to the size of the seed taro, implement graded and sliced planting, and cover the konjac with corn stalks or sugarcane leaves after sowing to control weeds growth, avoiding soil compaction;
D、田间管理:坚持“基肥、农家肥为主,追肥、化肥为辅”的原则;种植前每亩施腐熟农家肥1800~2200kg,施三元复合肥40~60kg,6月中旬,结合中耕培土每亩用钾肥15~25kg、复合肥15~25kg进行追施; D. Field management: Adhere to the principle of "basic fertilizer and farmyard manure, supplemented by topdressing and chemical fertilizer"; before planting, apply 1800~2200kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 40~60kg of ternary compound fertilizer per acre. In mid-June, combined with intertillage Use 15~25kg of potash fertilizer and 15~25kg of compound fertilizer for topdressing per acre;
E、病虫草害综合防治:7~8月份,要及时排水,谢君魔芋主要病害有白绢病、软腐病、叶枯病等,地块长期积水、种芋机械损伤、施未腐熟的农家肥、氮肥过多、连作、烈日照射等原因都会导致病害发生,应采取“预防为主,综合防治”的方针;虫害主要有地老虎、蛴螬、斜纹夜蛾等,播种和大培土时施用幼虫杀虫剂毒杀幼虫,采用黑光灯或糖醋液诱杀成虫;谢君魔芋具有“出苗慢、生长快”的特点,从播种到齐苗需要30~50天,这段时间杂草生长较快,也是草害防控的关键时期,魔芋播种后及时用除草剂封杀杂草1次,零星出苗后用除草剂封杀杂草1~2次,中后期需进行人工除草; E. Integrated prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds: from July to August, drainage should be done in time. The main diseases of Xiejun konjac are silkworm, soft rot, leaf blight, etc. Long-term water accumulation in the plot, mechanical damage of planting taro, and immature application of fertilizers Excessive farmyard manure, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, continuous cropping, and scorching sun will all cause diseases, and the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control" should be adopted; insect pests mainly include cutworms, grubs, and Spodoptera litura, etc. Use larval insecticides to kill larvae, and use black light or sweet and sour solution to trap and kill adults; Xiejun Amorphophallus has the characteristics of "slow emergence and fast growth". It takes 30 to 50 days from sowing to full seedlings. During this time, weeds grow Faster, which is also a critical period for weed control. After konjac is sown, herbicides are used to kill weeds once, and after sporadic emergence, herbicides are used to kill weeds 1~2 times, and manual weeding is required in the middle and late stages;
F、采收:谢君魔芋叶片顶端会产生多个叶面球茎,一般4~10个,多的达30~35个,叶面球茎多数在8~25克之间,最重达110克,叶面球茎多数呈圆形、椭圆形,少数呈不规则形,由于太阳辐射,球茎表皮略显粗糙,种皮比地下块茎要厚,便于贮运;谢君魔芋母株黄化倒苗后,叶面球茎会自然脱落,因此,母株倒苗前1~2周是叶面球茎的最佳采收期,由于谢君魔芋一个生长周期会产生1~2个叶片,先长出的叶片先老化,叶面球茎也先成熟,因此,采收叶面球茎时应坚持“分批采收,集中处理”的原则,及时采收黄花叶片上的球茎,避免脱落后难收集;11月中旬,叶片完全黄化倒苗后,选择晴好天气收挖地下球茎,收挖时应尽量避免机械损伤,留种球茎收挖后应原地翻晒1~2次,待水分丧失10%—20%后集中储藏,商品芋收挖后及时加工。 F. Harvesting: There will be multiple leaf bulbs on the top of Xiejun konjac leaves, generally 4 to 10, and as many as 30 to 35. Most of the leaf bulbs are between 8 and 25 grams, and the heaviest is 110 grams. Most surface bulbs are round and oval, and a few are irregular. Due to solar radiation, the corm epidermis is slightly rough, and the seed coat is thicker than underground tubers, which is convenient for storage and transportation; The surface bulbs will fall off naturally. Therefore, the best harvesting period is 1-2 weeks before the seedlings of the mother plant are turned down. Since Xiejun Amorphophallus will produce 1-2 leaves in one growth cycle, the leaves that grow first will age first. Therefore, when harvesting leaf corms, the principle of "harvest in batches and concentrate treatment" should be adhered to, and the corms on the leaves of Huanghua should be harvested in time to avoid difficult collection after falling off; in mid-November, the leaves After the seedlings are completely yellowed, choose fine weather to dig the underground bulbs. Avoid mechanical damage when digging. After harvesting the remaining seed bulbs, turn them over in the sun for 1 or 2 times, and store them in a centralized manner after the water loss of 10%-20%. , The commodity taro is processed in time after it is harvested and dug.
本发明从魔芋与经济林的生长发育特点出发,根据其对光照、营养及水分要求的差异,制定出一套幼龄经济林园套种谢君魔芋的多样性栽培技术。通过合理选地、适时播种、种芋处理、合理密植、水肥运筹、病虫草害综合防治、适时采收及种芋安全贮藏等技术措施,加强幼龄林果园管理、提高魔芋产量、增加农民收入。 The present invention starts from the growth and development characteristics of konjac and economic forests, and according to their differences in light, nutrition and water requirements, formulates a set of diverse cultivation techniques for interplanting Xiejun konjac in young economic forest gardens. Through technical measures such as reasonable land selection, timely sowing, planting yam treatment, reasonable close planting, water and fertilizer management, comprehensive pest control, timely harvesting, and safe storage of yams, etc., strengthen the management of young forest orchards, increase konjac production, and increase farmers' income. .
本发明是一种能提高魔芋产量且同时促进幼龄经济林果生长、提高经济效益、降低管理成本的双收益多样性栽培方法。 The invention is a double-benefit multi-benefit cultivation method capable of increasing the yield of konjac and at the same time promoting the growth of young economic forest fruits, improving economic benefits and reducing management costs.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明工作流程图。 Fig. 1 is the working flow chart of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但不以任何方式对本发明加以限制,基于本发明教导所作的任何变换或替换,均属于本发明的保护范围。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way, and any transformation or replacement made based on the teaching of the present invention belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
如附图所示本发明包括整地、种芋处理、播种、田间管理、病虫草害综合防治、采收步骤,具体包括: As shown in the accompanying drawings, the present invention includes the steps of soil preparation, taro planting treatment, sowing, field management, integrated prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, and harvesting, specifically including:
整地是选择2~6龄经济林果园,林果株距为4~6m,行距为5~7m,交通方便,土层深厚,质地疏松,有机质含量高,土壤PH值在6.5~7之间;未挂果经济果园在翌年开春之前整地,投产果园在果实采收结束后迅速清理果园,进行土壤消毒,对林果行间进行深翻细耙; The land preparation is to choose 2-6 years old economic forest orchard, the distance between trees and fruits is 4-6m, the row distance is 5-7m, the transportation is convenient, the soil layer is deep, loose, high in organic matter content, and the soil pH value is between 6.5-7; no fruit is set. Economic orchards should be prepared before the spring of the next year, and production orchards should be quickly cleaned after fruit harvesting, soil disinfection, and deep plowing and raking between rows of fruit;
种芋处理是选择种龄小、无病虫危害、表面光滑的球茎作为种芋,三龄以上种芋应破坏主芽后切块种植,种芋切块时以创面最小、芽丛保护最有效为原则,切块材料不宜堆放,晾晒时要求切口朝上,切种用的刀具要求刀身薄,刀口锋利,切种时下刀要果断,切面要平整,减少对球茎的损伤,切块遇到烂种时,刀具要经过消毒处理才能继续使用,避免病菌交叉感染,用作切块的球茎不应小于300g,切块大小以100~200g为宜;为保证出苗率,每个切块必须带有2个以上丛芽; The treatment of planting taro is to choose bulbs with small seed age, no damage from diseases and insect pests, and smooth surface as planting taro. Planting taro above the third age should destroy the main buds and then cut into pieces. As a principle, the cutting materials should not be piled up. When drying, the incision should face upward. The knife used for cutting seeds should have a thin blade and a sharp edge. When planting, the knives must be sterilized before they can be used again to avoid cross-infection of germs. The bulbs used for cutting should not be less than 300g, and the size of the cutting should be 100~200g; in order to ensure the emergence rate, each cutting must have More than 2 cluster buds;
播种是将切块应在阳光下晾晒2~3d,让创面失水收缩,切口愈合后即可播种;4月底,雨季来临之前播种魔芋,根据经济林果行向实行宽窄行种植,大行距60~80㎝,小行距30~40㎝,株距20~40㎝,每亩种植2000~3000株,根据种芋大小,实行分级分片种植,魔芋播种后用玉米秆或蔗叶覆盖,控制杂草生长,避免土壤板结; For sowing, the cut pieces should be dried in the sun for 2~3 days, so that the wound surface loses water and shrinks, and the incision can be sown after the incision is healed; at the end of April, before the rainy season, konjac is sown, and planting is carried out in wide and narrow rows according to the direction of the economic forest and fruit row, with a large row spacing of 60~ 80㎝, small row spacing 30-40㎝, plant spacing 20-40㎝, plant 2000-3000 plants per acre, implement graded and sliced planting according to the size of the taro, and cover the konjac with corn stalks or sugarcane leaves after sowing to control the growth of weeds , to avoid soil compaction;
田间管理是坚持“基肥、农家肥为主,追肥、化肥为辅”的原则;种植前每亩施腐熟农家肥1800~2200kg,施三元复合肥40~60kg,6月中旬,结合中耕培土每亩用钾肥15~25kg、复合肥15~25kg进行追施; Field management is to adhere to the principle of "basic fertilizer and farmyard manure, supplemented by top dressing and chemical fertilizer". Topdressing with 15~25kg of potassium fertilizer and 15~25kg of compound fertilizer per mu;
病虫草害综合防治是在7~8月份,要及时排水,谢君魔芋主要病害有白绢病、软腐病、叶枯病等,地块长期积水、种芋机械损伤、施未腐熟的农家肥、氮肥过多、连作、烈日照射等原因都会导致病害发生,应采取“预防为主,综合防治”的方针;虫害主要有地老虎、蛴螬、斜纹夜蛾等,播种和大培土时施用幼虫杀虫剂毒杀幼虫,采用黑光灯或糖醋液诱杀成虫;谢君魔芋具有“出苗慢、生长快”的特点,从播种到齐苗需要30~50天,这段时间杂草生长较快,也是草害防控的关键时期,魔芋播种后及时用除草剂封杀杂草1次,零星出苗后用除草剂封杀杂草1~2次,中后期需进行人工除草; The comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds is in July to August. Drainage should be done in time. The main diseases of Xiejun konjac include silkworm, soft rot, leaf blight, etc. Long-term water accumulation in the plot, mechanical damage of planting taro, and unripe rot. Farmyard manure, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, continuous cropping, hot sun exposure and other reasons will cause diseases to occur, and the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control" should be adopted; insect pests mainly include cutworms, grubs, and Spodoptera litura, etc. Larvae insecticides are used to kill larvae, and black light or sweet and sour solution is used to trap and kill adults; Xiejun Amorphophallus has the characteristics of "slow emergence and fast growth". It takes 30 to 50 days from sowing to full seedlings. Fast is also a critical period for weed control. After konjac is sown, use herbicides to kill weeds once, and use herbicides to kill weeds once or twice after sporadic emergence. Manual weeding is required in the middle and late stages;
采收是谢君魔芋叶片顶端会产生多个叶面球茎,一般4~10个,多的达30~35个,叶面球茎多数在8~25克之间,最重达110克,叶面球茎多数呈圆形、椭圆形,少数呈不规则形,由于太阳辐射,球茎表皮略显粗糙,种皮比地下块茎要厚,便于贮运;谢君魔芋母株黄化倒苗后,叶面球茎会自然脱落,因此,母株倒苗前1~2周是叶面球茎的最佳采收期,由于谢君魔芋一个生长周期会产生1~2个叶片,先长出的叶片先老化,叶面球茎也先成熟,因此,采收叶面球茎时应坚持“分批采收,集中处理”的原则,及时采收黄花叶片上的球茎,避免脱落后难收集;11月中旬,叶片完全黄化倒苗后,选择晴好天气收挖地下球茎,收挖时应尽量避免机械损伤,留种球茎收挖后应原地翻晒1~2次,待水分丧失10%—20%后集中储藏,商品芋收挖后及时加工。 Harvesting is that many leaf bulbs will be produced on the top of Xie Jun konjac leaves, generally 4-10, and as many as 30-35. Most of the leaf bulbs are between 8-25 grams, and the heaviest is 110 grams. Most of them are round and oval, and a few are irregular. Due to solar radiation, the epidermis of the bulbs is slightly rough, and the seed coat is thicker than that of underground tubers, which is convenient for storage and transportation; It will fall off naturally. Therefore, the best harvesting period is 1-2 weeks before the seedlings of the mother plant are turned down. Because Xiejun Amorphophallus will produce 1-2 leaves in one growth cycle, the leaves that grow first will age first. Surface bulbs also mature first, therefore, when harvesting leaf surface bulbs, the principle of "harvest in batches and concentrate treatment" should be adhered to, and the bulbs on the yellow flower leaves should be harvested in time to avoid difficult collection after falling off; in mid-November, the leaves are completely yellow After the seedlings are thawed, choose fine weather to dig the underground corms. When digging, avoid mechanical damage as much as possible. After harvesting and digging the reserved seed corms, they should be turned in the sun for 1 to 2 times in situ. After the water loss of 10% - 20%, they should be stored intensively. After the taro is harvested and dug, it is processed in time.
所述的整地步骤中经济林果为枇杷、荔枝、澳洲坚果中的一种。 In the step of preparing the soil, the economic forest fruit is one of loquat, litchi and macadamia.
所述的整地步骤中土层为壤土和沙壤土。 In the step of preparing the soil, the soil layer is loam and sandy loam.
所述的整地步骤中土壤消毒可以用生石灰、福尔马林、波尔多液中的一种。生石灰用量为每亩50~100Kg;200倍福尔马林喷洒地表后覆盖地膜,闷8~12天揭膜播种;100倍波尔多液喷洒地表,待土壤稍干后即可播种。 In the soil preparation step, one of quicklime, formalin and Bordeaux mixture can be used for soil disinfection. The amount of quicklime is 50-100Kg per mu; 200 times of formalin is sprayed on the surface and covered with plastic film, and the film is removed for 8-12 days when it is stuffy for sowing; 100 times of Bordeaux mixture is sprayed on the surface, and the soil can be sown after the soil is slightly dry.
所述的种芋处理步骤中刀具消毒处理可以用高锰酸钾溶液、75%的酒精或百菌消中的一种。 One of potassium permanganate solution, 75% alcohol or chlorothalonil can be used for the knife disinfection treatment in the described taro seed treatment step.
所述的田间管理步骤中三元复合肥N:P:K为10~20:10~20:10~20。 In the field management step, the N:P:K ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer is 10~20:10~20:10~20.
所述的病虫草害综合防治步骤中幼虫杀虫剂为地特灵、战地虎或甲维·杀虫单中的一种;用量为每亩1~3kg。 In the step of integrated prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, the insecticide for larvae is one of ditrane, field tiger or carbamide·sultap; the dosage is 1-3 kg per mu.
所述的病虫草害综合防治步骤中糖醋液为重量份糖1~2份,酒1~2份,醋3~5份,水11~21份,调匀后加0.1~0.2份敌百虫制成。 In the step of comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, the sweet and sour liquid is 1-2 parts by weight of sugar, 1-2 parts of wine, 3-5 parts of vinegar, and 11-21 parts of water. After mixing thoroughly, add 0.1-0.2 parts of trichlorfon production.
所述的病虫草害综合防治步骤中成虫杀虫剂为甲维·杀虫单1000~2000倍液、胜冠1000~1500倍液或25%西维因可湿性粉剂300~500倍液中的一种。 In the step of integrated prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds, the adult insecticide is 1000-2000 times liquid of emamectin insecticide, 1000-1500 times liquid of Shengguan or 300-500 times liquid of 25% carbaryl wettable powder A sort of.
所述的病虫草害综合防治步骤中除草剂为秀去津、百草枯、草甘磷中的一种。 The herbicide in the step of integrated prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds is one of xiorazine, paraquat and glyphosate.
本发明从魔芋与经济林的生长发育特点出发,根据其对光照、营养及水分要求的差异,制定出一套幼龄经济林果园套种谢君魔芋的多样性栽培技术。通过合理选地、适时播种、种芋处理、合理密植、水肥运筹、病虫害综合防治、适时采收及种芋安全贮藏等技术措施,加强幼龄林果园管理、提高魔芋产量、增加农民收入。 The present invention starts from the growth and development characteristics of konjac and economic forests, and according to their differences in light, nutrition and water requirements, formulates a set of diverse cultivation techniques for interplanting konjac konjac in young economic forest orchards. Through technical measures such as reasonable land selection, timely sowing, planting taro treatment, reasonable close planting, water and fertilizer planning, integrated pest control, timely harvesting, and safe storage of planting taro, we can strengthen the management of young forest orchards, increase the yield of konjac, and increase farmers' income.
经济林果中枇杷树(Eriobotrya japonica)是一种多年生热带小乔木,直根系,原产于热带丛林,喜温暖和高光强的环境。枇杷套种魔芋有利于营造良好的田间小气候环境,降低魔芋软腐病的发生,延长魔芋生长期,提高魔芋产量,实现果、芋双丰收;枇杷套种魔芋还能提高肥料利用率,减少化肥农药的施用量,有效控制杂草生长,降低果园管理成本;枇杷套种魔芋能增加幼龄果园的生产收入,达到长短结合、以短养长的目的。 The loquat tree ( Eriobotrya japonica ) is a perennial tropical small tree with a tap root system. It is native to tropical jungles and likes a warm and high-light environment. The interplanting of loquat konjac is conducive to creating a good field microclimate environment, reducing the occurrence of konjac soft rot, prolonging the growth period of konjac, increasing the yield of konjac, and achieving double harvests of fruit and taro; The application rate can effectively control the growth of weeds and reduce the management cost of the orchard; interplanting konjac with loquat can increase the production income of young orchards, and achieve the purpose of combining long and short and growing long with short.
本发明是一种能提高魔芋产量且同时促进经济林果生长、提高经济效益、降低管理成本的双收益多样性栽培方法。 The invention is a double-benefit diverse cultivation method capable of increasing the yield of konjac and at the same time promoting the growth of economic forest fruits, improving economic benefits and reducing management costs.
本发明中经济林果不受品种限制,均可以实现本发明,下面以经济林中的枇杷对本发明作进一步说明: In the present invention, economic forest fruit is not limited by species, and the present invention can be realized, and the present invention will be further described below with the loquat in economic forest:
实施例1: Example 1:
2010年在德宏州陇川县户岛村麻达村民小组进行幼龄枇杷套种谢君魔芋示范种植91亩,净种0.5亩,种植农户37户,套种的枇杷树龄为3~5龄,株距为5米,行距为6米。土壤为红壤土,用生石灰对土壤进行消毒处理,播种前种芋晾晒3天。每亩施农家肥2000kg,N:P:K比例为15:15:15的三元复合肥40kg作为底肥。采用100g左右的切块种芋,播种前进行催芽处理。大行距70㎝,小行距30㎝,株距30㎝,每亩种植3000株左右。魔芋播种时间4月25~30日,播种后覆土10~15cm,覆土后及时用锈去津封杀杂草,次日用蔗叶覆盖。魔芋出苗50%左右进行苗期追肥,每亩施三元复合肥20kg、钾肥20kg。叶面球茎成熟后及时采收,定期观察统计出苗时间、倒苗时间、发病率、双苗率等生长参数(见表1、表2)。于11月8日收挖测产,最大球茎重2.8kg,最高亩产2063.4kg,平均亩产1278.2kg,共收获商品芋116.3吨,产值达24.42万元。其中麻达村赵麻山在4龄枇杷园套种2.2亩,平均亩产1723.8 kg,共收获商品芋3792.5 kg,产值达7964.3元。通过实施幼龄枇杷套种谢君魔芋,有效提高了枇杷园综合经济效益,增加果园生物的多样性,有效控制杂草和病虫害发生,具有良好的生态效益。 In 2010, the Mada villager group in Hudao Village, Longchuan County, Dehong Prefecture carried out a demonstration planting of 91 mu of young loquat interplanting Xiejun konjac, with a net planting of 0.5 mu and 37 households. 5 meters and a row spacing of 6 meters. The soil is red loam, and the soil is disinfected with quicklime, and the taro is dried for 3 days before sowing. Apply 2000kg of farmyard manure per mu, and 40kg of ternary compound fertilizer with a N:P:K ratio of 15:15:15 as the base fertilizer. About 100g of diced taro is used for germination treatment before sowing. The large row spacing is 70cm, the small row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, and about 3000 plants are planted per mu. The sowing time of konjac is April 25~30. After sowing, cover the soil with 10~15cm. About 50% of the konjac seedlings should be topdressed at the seedling stage, and 20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 20 kg of potassium fertilizer should be applied per mu. Harvest the foliage bulbs in time after they are mature, and regularly observe and count growth parameters such as seedling emergence time, seedling fall time, disease incidence, and double seedling rate (see Table 1 and Table 2). On November 8th, the harvest was excavated and the yield was measured. The largest corm weighed 2.8kg, the highest yield per mu was 2063.4kg, and the average yield per mu was 1278.2kg. A total of 116.3 tons of commercial taro were harvested, with an output value of 244,200 yuan. Among them, Zhao Mashan in Mada Village interplanted 2.2 mu in the 4-year-old loquat garden, with an average yield of 1723.8 kg per mu, and a total of 3792.5 kg of commercial taro harvested, with an output value of 7964.3 yuan. Through the interplanting of young loquats with Amorphophallus konjac, the comprehensive economic benefits of loquat gardens have been effectively improved, the biodiversity of orchards has been increased, and the occurrence of weeds, diseases and insect pests has been effectively controlled, which has good ecological benefits.
表1 麻达村民小组赵麻山4龄枇杷园套种谢君魔芋生育期表现 Table 1 Growth period performance of interplanting Xie Jun konjac in Zhao Mashan 4-year-old loquat garden of Mada villagers group
表2 麻达村民小组赵麻山3龄枇杷园套种谢君魔芋生产力表现 Table 2 Productivity performance of interplanting Xiejun Amorphophallus konjac in Zhao Mashan 3-year-old loquat garden of Mada villagers group
实施例2: Example 2:
2010年在德宏州陇川县户岛七队进行幼龄枇杷套种谢君魔芋示范种植41亩,种植农户22户,套种的枇杷树龄为5龄,株距为5米,行距为6米。 In 2010, 41 acres of young loquat interplanting Xiejun Amorphophallus were demonstrated in Team No. 7 of Hudao, Longchuan County, Dehong Prefecture. 22 households planted them.
表3 户岛七队王明新5龄枇杷园套种谢君魔芋生育期表现 Table 3 The growth period performance of interplanting Xie Jun konjac in Wang Mingxin's 5th-year-old loquat garden of No.7 Hudao team
表4 户岛七队王明新5龄枇杷园套种谢君魔芋生产力表现 Table 4 Productivity performance of interplanting Xie Jun konjac in Wang Mingxin's 5th-year-old loquat garden of No. 7 Hudao team
实施例3: Example 3:
2010年在德宏州陇川县户岛村卡连村民小组进行幼龄枇杷套种谢君魔芋示范种植78亩,种植农户29户,套种的枇杷树龄为4龄,株距为5米,行距为6米。 In 2010, the Kalian villager group in Hudao Village, Longchuan County, Dehong Prefecture carried out a demonstration planting of 78 mu of young loquat interplanting Xiejun konjac, and 29 households planted it. rice.
表5 卡连村民小组杨麻果4龄枇杷园套种谢君魔芋生育期表现 Table 5 The growth period performance of interplanting Xiejun Amorphophallus konjac in the 4th-year-old loquat garden of Kalian villager group
表6 卡连村民小组杨麻果4龄枇杷园套种谢君魔芋生产力表现 Table 6 The productivity performance of interplanting Xie Jun konjac in the 4th-year-old loquat garden of Yangmaguo in the Kalian villager group
实施例4 Example 4
2009年在德宏州经作站试验地进行幼龄枇杷套种谢君魔芋示范种植2亩,净种0.3亩,套种的枇杷树龄为2~3龄,株距为4米,行距为5米。土壤为壤土,用生石灰对土壤进行消毒处理,播种前种芋晾晒4天。每亩施农家肥1800kg,N:P:K比例为10:20 :10 的三元复合肥70kg作为底肥。采用180g左右的切块种芋,播种前进行催芽处理。大行距60㎝,小行距20㎝,株距20㎝,每亩种植2500株左右。魔芋播种时间4月25~30日,播种后覆土10~15cm,覆土后及时用锈去津封杀杂草,次日用稻草覆盖。魔芋出苗60%左右进行苗期追肥,每亩施三元复合肥30kg、钾肥20 kg。叶面球茎成熟后及时采收,定期观察统计出苗时间、倒苗时间、发病率、双苗率等生长参数(见表7、表8)。于11月8日收挖测产,最大球茎重4.5kg,最高亩产3915 kg,平均亩产2728 kg,共收获商品芋5.5吨,产值达1.6万元。通过实施幼龄枇杷套种谢君魔芋,有效提高了枇杷园综合经济效益,增加果园生物的多样性,有效控制杂草和病虫害发生,具有良好的生态效益。 In 2009, 2 mu of young loquats were interplanted with Xiejun Amorphophallus at the test site of Dehong Prefecture Economic Station. The soil is loam, and the soil is disinfected with quicklime, and the taro is dried for 4 days before sowing. Apply 1800kg of farmyard manure per mu, and 70kg of ternary compound fertilizer with a ratio of N:P:K of 10:20:10 as the base fertilizer. About 180g of diced taro is used for germination treatment before sowing. The large row spacing is 60cm, the small row spacing is 20cm, and the plant spacing is 20cm. About 2500 plants are planted per mu. The sowing time of konjac is April 25~30. After sowing, cover the soil with 10~15cm. About 60% of the emergence of konjac seedlings is topdressed at the seedling stage, and 30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 20 kg of potassium fertilizer are applied per mu. Harvest the foliage bulbs in time after they are mature, and regularly observe and count growth parameters such as seedling emergence time, seedling fall time, disease incidence, and double seedling rate (see Table 7 and Table 8). On November 8th, the harvest was excavated and the yield was measured. The largest corm weighed 4.5kg, the highest yield per mu was 3915 kg, and the average yield per mu was 2728 kg. A total of 5.5 tons of commercial taro were harvested, with an output value of 16,000 yuan. Through the interplanting of young loquats with Amorphophallus konjac, the comprehensive economic benefits of loquat gardens have been effectively improved, the biological diversity of orchards has been increased, and the occurrence of weeds, diseases and insect pests has been effectively controlled, which has good ecological benefits.
表7 德宏州经作站试验地龄枇杷园套种谢君魔芋生育期表现 Table 7 The growth period performance of interplanting Xiejun Amorphophallus konjac in the experiment site of Dehong Prefecture Jingzuo Station
表8 德宏州经作站试验地龄枇杷园套种谢君魔芋生产力表现 Table 8 Productivity performance of interplanting Xiejun Amorphophallus konjac in the experimental land age of Dehong Prefecture Economic Works Station
实施例5 Example 5
2010年在德宏州经作站试验地进行幼龄枇杷套种谢君魔芋示范种植5亩,净种0.5亩,套种的枇杷树龄为5~6龄,株距为6米,行距7米。土壤为沙壤土,用生石灰对土壤进行消毒处理,播种前种芋晾晒3天。每亩施农家肥2200kg,N:P:K比例为20:10:20的三元复合肥50kg作为底肥。采用200g左右的切块种芋,播种前进行催芽处理。大行距80㎝,小行距40㎝,株距40㎝,每亩种植2000株左右。魔芋播种时间4月25~30日,播种后覆土10~15cm,覆土后及时用锈去津和百草枯封杀杂草,次日用玉米秸秆覆盖。魔芋出苗50%左右进行苗期追肥,每亩施三元复合肥50kg、钾肥28 kg。叶面球茎成熟后及时采收,定期观察统计出苗时间、倒苗时间、发病率、双苗率等生长参数(见表9、表10)。于11月8日收挖测产,最大球茎重5.3 kg,最高亩产3018 kg,平均亩产2376.3kg,共收获商品芋 1.19吨,产值达3.5万元。通过实施幼龄枇杷套种谢君魔芋,有效提高了枇杷园综合经济效益,增加果园生物的多样性,有效控制杂草和病虫害发生,具有良好的生态效益。 In 2010, 5 mu of young loquats were interplanted with Xiejun Amorphophallus in the experimental site of Dehong Prefecture Economic Station. The soil is sandy loam, and the soil is disinfected with quicklime, and the taro is dried for 3 days before sowing. Apply 2200kg of farmyard manure per mu, and 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer with a N:P:K ratio of 20:10:20 as the base fertilizer. About 200g of diced taro is used, and germination treatment is carried out before sowing. The large row spacing is 80cm, the small row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 40cm. About 2000 plants are planted per mu. The konjac sowing time is April 25-30. After sowing, cover the soil with 10-15cm. After covering the soil, use rust-removing fluid and paraquat to kill weeds in time, and cover with corn stalks the next day. About 50% of the konjac seedlings emerged to be topdressed at the seedling stage, and 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 28 kg of potassium fertilizer were applied per mu. Harvest the foliage bulbs in time after they mature, and regularly observe and count growth parameters such as seedling emergence time, seedling fall time, disease incidence, and double seedling rate (see Table 9 and Table 10). On November 8th, the harvest was excavated and the yield was measured. The largest bulb weight was 5.3 kg, the highest yield per mu was 3018 kg, and the average yield per mu was 2376.3 kg. A total of 1.19 tons of commercial taro were harvested, with an output value of 35,000 yuan. Through the interplanting of young loquats with Amorphophallus konjac, the comprehensive economic benefits of loquat gardens have been effectively improved, the biodiversity of orchards has been increased, and the occurrence of weeds, diseases and insect pests has been effectively controlled, which has good ecological benefits.
表9 德宏州经作站试验地龄枇杷园套种谢君魔芋生育期表现 Table 9 The growth period performance of interplanting Xiejun konjac in the experimental land age loquat garden of Dehong prefecture economic station
表10 德宏州经作站试验地龄枇杷园套种谢君魔芋生产力表现 Table 10 Productivity performance of interplanting Xiejun Amorphophallus konjac in the experimental land of Dehong Prefecture Economic Works Station
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