CN102870563B - Rapid propagation method of seed konjac De Mo No.1 - Google Patents
Rapid propagation method of seed konjac De Mo No.1 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102870563B CN102870563B CN 201210364297 CN201210364297A CN102870563B CN 102870563 B CN102870563 B CN 102870563B CN 201210364297 CN201210364297 CN 201210364297 CN 201210364297 A CN201210364297 A CN 201210364297A CN 102870563 B CN102870563 B CN 102870563B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid propagation method of seed konjac De Mo No.1. The rapid propagation method of seed konjac De Mo No.1 includes the steps of seedling seed cultivation, seed collection and storage, seedling substrate preparation, plug seedling production, field transplanting, and harvesting and storage. Seed konjac is rapidly propagated by seedling seeds of De Mo No.1, propagation multiple of the seed konjac is up to 600 times which is 150 times of the propagation multiple in conventional rhizome cutting propagation, the bottleneck of low propagation coefficient of the seed konjac is broken through, and supply of fine breeds is increased effectively. The problem of high virus accumulation in conventional vegetative propagation can be solved, the seed konjac is rejuvenated naturally, and the quality of the seed konjac is increased. The problems of high cost and long seed konjac propagation period in propagation by tissue culture can be solved, planting benefit is increased, and planting risks are avoided. The technique of rapid propagation of fine Konjac breed is provided to solve the common problems of low propagation coefficient, high virus accumulation and fast seednature degradation in seed konjac propagation. The rapid propagation method of seed konjac De Mo No.1 has the advantages of simplicity in operation, high seed konjac quality and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant seed and cultivate technical field, further belong to breeding propagation technique field, be specifically related to the method for No. a kind taro of a kind of Fast-propagation moral evil spirit.
Background technology
Konjaku (
Amorphophallus konjac) have another name called mill Yu Huo Amorphophalus rivieri, belong to Araeceae (
Areaceae) Amorphophallus (
Amorphophallus).Having reducing blood lipid, reduce the incidence of disease of diabetes, colon cancer, and the effect such as fat-reducing, is a kind of edible, medicinal, health care and the higher economic crops of industrial value.At present, have in the konjac seed production that reproduction coefficient is lower, in the breeding undersupply, conventional vegetative propagation in serious, the tissue culture propagating of virus accumulation production cost high, plant the long problem of taro breeding age.For improving planting benefit, evade Planting risk, break through the industry bottleneck.Developing a kind of konjac seed that can solve expands that numerous middle reproduction coefficient is low, virus accumulation serious, plants the fast problem of sexual involution and be very important with the numerous konjak fine breed technology of expansion that improves planting benefit, evades Planting risk.The present invention Sino-German magic be for No. 1 the Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences, Yunnan Prov Agriculture University's konjaku from the torrid zone in Dehong border, the subtropics virgin forest thank monarch's konjaku (
Amorphophallus xiei H.Li) konjaku new varieties that select in the initial population.Through for many years test, find that the Pollination Fertilization process is not experienced in the seed development of this kind, belong to the parthenogenesis mode, can keep its maternal fine quality and kind property by the true seed breeding.Simultaneously, because No. 1 seed-setting rate of moral evil spirit is high, utilizing true seed Fast-propagation kind taro, plant the taro breeding rate up to 600 times, is more than 150 times of conventional rhizome cutting propagation, can effectively break through kind of the low bottleneck problem of taro reproduction coefficient, effectively increases breeding and supplies with; Can avoid the serious problem of virus accumulation in the conventional vegetative propagation, realize kind of a taro nature rejuvenation, improve kind of a taro quality; Can solve the problem that production cost is high in the tissue culture propagating, kind taro breeding age is grown, improve planting benefit, evade Planting risk.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method that a kind of method of operating is simple, plant No. a kind taro of Fast-propagation moral evil spirit that the taro quality is good, cost is low.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, comprises true seed cultivation, seed collection preservation, seedling medium outfit, point disk seedling growing, field-transplanting, field management, the storage step of gathering, and specifically comprises:
A, true seed cultivate: select that moral evil spirit No. 1 four age are above, bud is sturdy, rudiment bulb is early done kind of a taro, adopts whole taro seeding method, protection main bud, 2500 ~ 3000 of per 600 ~ 700 ㎡ sowings;
B, seed collection are preserved: No. 1 true seed of moral evil spirit is generally ripe between January in November to next year, when seed becomes peony, meat deliquescing, adopt the way of gathering in batches, focusing on, hang a mesh bag plant, ripe seed collection is placed in the mesh bag air-dry on the spot, after seed is gathered in the crops fully, concentrate 1 ~ 2 week of airing, at room temperature be saved to sowing in March in next year, storage period will ted 2-3 times, prevents from going rotten;
C, seedling medium are equipped with: seedling medium is in the ratio preparation of 4 ~ 6 parts of well-rotted farmyard manures, 3 ~ 5 parts of living laterite, 1 ~ 2 part of ash, it is 40 ~ 50% inorganic fertilizer and the insecticide of 0.4 ~ 0.6kg that every cubic metre of matrix adds 4 ~ 6kg content again, and matrix will mix could be used after heap sealed for 1 ~ 2 week;
D, point disk seedling growing: adopt the seedling-cultivating tray of 30 * 50cm to grow seedlings, 90 ~ 110 of every dish sowings, uniform broadcasting, sprinkle the insecticide control insect pest after watering, cover with the black sunshade net again, keep soil moisture, promote early to germinate, will in time remove sunshade net after emerging, keep good illumination condition, and note control water, avoid seedling excessive growth, the potash fertilizer foliage-spray with 0.4 ~ 0.6% 1 ~ 2 time, reach additional nutrient, strengthen the purpose of seedling resistance, 2500 ~ 3500 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin with 72% before transplanting are sprayed 1 time, carry out field-transplanting when emergence rate reaches 25 ~ 35% in batches, transplant urgent;
E, field-transplanting: select traffic convenience, soil layer is deep, short texture, sand is good, be rich in organic matter, ground, the good gentle slope of irrigation condition, half shady mountain planting, or with the young economic fruit interplant, the ridging cultivation, row spacing 90 ~ 110cm, the high 10 ~ 20cm in ridge, furrow width 20 ~ 40cm, the transplanting seeding row spacing is 10 ~ 30 * 30 ~ 50cm, per 600 ~ 700m
2Effectively seedling is 6500 ~ 7500 seedlings; Per 600 ~ 700m
2Execute well-rotted farmyard manure 2000-3000kg and content and be foreign rich composite fertilizer 30 ~ 50kg of 40 ~ 50% as base fertilizer, carry out soil disinfection with 40 ~ 60kg quicklime, with 1.5 ~ 2.5kg insecticide control soil insect; Select to transplant at dusk to improve survival rate, will irrigate normal root water after the transplanting, field soil moisture should remain on 70 ~ 80%; In the field that does not cover condition, to build shading rate behind the whole ground ridging and be 80 ~ 90% sunshade net, dismountable sunshade net after 50 ~ 70 days;
F, field management: in the capable pedestrian worker's weeding 3-4 times of advancing of plant envelope, 2 weeks of field-transplanting, rear watering with liquid fertilizer executed 1-2 times, after the 3rd compound leaf launches substantially, topdress when selecting the blade face without dew in conjunction with cultivation and banking, each 10 ~ 20 kilograms in every mu of sealing fertilizer and potash fertilizer, No. 1 disease of moral evil spirit occurs lighter, choosing under the prerequisite in plot, disease is to put prevention first, after second compound leaf launched, the bactericide with 40 ~ 60% sprayed 1 time with 500 ~ 700 times of liquid or alternately sprays 2 times with 500 ~ 700 times of liquid of variable concentrations; Behind the cultivation and banking, use 1400 ~ 1600 times of liquid controls of 60 ~ 80% thiophanate methyl 1-2 times, insect pest mainly contains cutworm, grub, prodenia litura etc., adopts black light lamp or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult again; With 1200 ~ 1800 times of liquid of first dimension desinsection list, or 300 ~ 500 times of liquid sprayings of 20 ~ 30% sevin wetting powders poisoning adult;
G, the storage of gathering: fall seedling 15 ~ 25 days when 90% above plant is ripe, select fine weather to receive and dig; The kind taro that new receipts are dug will carry out comprehensively sick inspection, healthy plant taro can the original place airing, be with in spite of illness the worm kind taro rotten part of will pruning, wound airing up 2 ~ 3 days, cicatrize a wound, treat that kind of taro water content reduces 10 ~ 20% and just can put in the warehouse, shrivelled or germina infection does not occur for guaranteeing kind of taro reaching in the storage period of several months, interspersing less than the kind taro of 50g will enter the storage of low temperature storehouse or direct sand is hidden in 2 ~ 3 weeks of airing, avoid kind of taro dehydration withered; Kind taro greater than 50g need to intersperse 5 ~ 6 weeks of airing, treats moisture evaporation 10 ~ 30%, could concentrate storage through sick inspection repeatedly without mashed kind, allows the bud nest downward during storage.
The present invention Sino-German magic be for No. 1 the Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences, Yunnan Prov Agriculture University's konjaku from the torrid zone in Dehong border, the subtropics virgin forest thank monarch's konjaku (
Amorphophallus xiei H.Li) konjaku new varieties that select in the initial population.Through for many years test, find that the Pollination Fertilization process is not experienced in the seed development of this kind, belong to the parthenogenesis mode, can keep its maternal fine quality and kind property by the true seed breeding.Simultaneously, because No. 1 seed-setting rate of moral evil spirit is high, utilizing true seed Fast-propagation kind taro, plant the taro breeding rate up to 600 times, is more than 150 times of conventional rhizome cutting propagation, breaks through kind of the low bottleneck problem of taro reproduction coefficient, effectively increases breeding and supplies with; Can avoid the serious problem of virus accumulation in the conventional vegetative propagation, realize kind of a taro nature rejuvenation, improve kind of a taro quality; Can solve the problem that production cost is high in the tissue culture propagating, kind taro breeding age is grown, improve planting benefit, evade Planting risk.The present invention proposes a kind of technical measures of fast-propagation konjak fine breed, solved that konjac seed breeding reproduction coefficient is low, the virus accumulation is serious, plant the fast problem of sexual involution, have advantages of that method of operating is simple, plant that the taro quality is good, cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is workflow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but never in any form the present invention is limited, and any conversion or replacement based on training centre of the present invention is done all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention includes as shown in Figure 1 true seed cultivation, seed collection preservation, seedling medium outfit, point disk seedling growing, field-transplanting, field management, the storage step of gathering, specifically comprise:
It is to select that moral evil spirit No. 1 four age are above, bud is sturdy, rudiment bulb is early done kind of a taro, adopts whole taro seeding method, protection main bud, 2500-3000 of per 600 ~ 700 ㎡ sowings that true seed is cultivated;
It is generally ripe between January in November to next year that seed collection saves as No. 1 true seed of moral evil spirit, when seed becomes peony, meat deliquescing, adopt the way of gathering in batches, focusing on, hang a mesh bag plant, ripe seed collection is placed in the mesh bag air-dry on the spot, after seed is gathered in the crops fully, can concentrate 1 ~ 2 week of airing, at room temperature be saved to sowing in March in next year, storage period will ted 2-3 times, prevents from going rotten;
The seedling medium outfit is the ratio preparation in 4 ~ 6 parts of well-rotted farmyard manures, 3 ~ 5 parts of living laterite, 1 ~ 2 part of ash, it is 40 ~ 50% inorganic fertilizer and the insecticide of 0.4 ~ 0.6kg that every cubic metre of matrix adds 4 ~ 6kg content again, and matrix will mix could be used after heap sealed for 1 ~ 2 week;
Point disk seedling growing is to adopt the seedling-cultivating tray of 30 * 50cm to grow seedlings, 90 ~ 110 of every dish sowings, uniform broadcasting, sprinkle the insecticide control insect pest after watering, cover with the black sunshade net again, keep soil moisture, promote early to germinate, will in time remove sunshade net after emerging, keep good illumination condition, and note control water, avoid seedling excessive growth, the potash fertilizer foliage-spray with 0.4 ~ 0.6% 1 ~ 2 time, reach additional nutrient, strengthen the purpose of seedling resistance, 2500 ~ 3500 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin with 72% before transplanting are sprayed 1 time, carry out field-transplanting when emergence rate reaches 25 ~ 35% in batches, transplant urgent;
Field-transplanting is to select traffic convenience, and soil layer is deep, short texture, sand is good, be rich in organic matter, ground, the good gentle slope of irrigation condition, half shady mountain planting, or with the young economic fruit interplant, the ridging cultivation, row spacing 90 ~ 110cm, the high 10 ~ 20cm in ridge, furrow width 20 ~ 40cm, the transplanting seeding row spacing is 10 ~ 30 * 30 ~ 50cm, per 600 ~ 700m
2Effective seedling is 6500 ~ 7500 seedlings approximately.Per 600 ~ 700m
2Execute well-rotted farmyard manure 2000-3000kg and content and be foreign rich composite fertilizer 30 ~ 50kg of 40 ~ 50% as base fertilizer, carry out soil disinfection with 40 ~ 60kg quicklime, with 1.5 ~ 2.5kg insecticide control soil insect, select to transplant at dusk to improve survival rate, will irrigate normal root water after the transplanting, field soil moisture should remain on 70 ~ 80%.In the field that does not cover condition, to build shading rate behind the whole ground ridging and be 80 ~ 90% sunshade net, dismountable sunshade net after 50 ~ 70 days;
Field management is in the capable pedestrian worker's weeding 3-4 times of advancing of plant envelope, 2 weeks of field-transplanting, rear watering with liquid fertilizer executed 1-2 times, after the 3rd compound leaf launches substantially, topdress when selecting the blade face without dew in conjunction with cultivation and banking, each 10 ~ 20 kilograms in every mu of sealing fertilizer and potash fertilizer, No. 1 disease of moral evil spirit occurs lighter, choosing under the prerequisite in plot, disease is to put prevention first, and after second compound leaf launched, 500 ~ 700 times of liquid of available 40 ~ 60% bactericide alternately sprayed 1-2 times.Behind the cultivation and banking, use 1400 ~ 1600 times of liquid controls of 60 ~ 80% thiophanate methyl 1-2 times, insect pest mainly contains cutworm, grub, prodenia litura etc., adopts black light lamp or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult again; With 1200 ~ 1800 times of liquid of first dimension desinsection list, or 300 ~ 500 times of liquid sprayings of 20 ~ 30% sevin wetting powders poisoning adult;
The storage of gathering is to work as the ripe seedling of 90% above plant 15 ~ 25 days, selects fine weather to receive and digs.The kind taro that new receipts are dug will carry out comprehensively sick inspection, healthy plant taro can the original place airing, be with in spite of illness the worm kind taro rotten part of will pruning, wound airing up 2 ~ 3 days, cicatrize a wound, treat that kind of taro water content reduces 10 ~ 20% and just can put in the warehouse, shrivelled or germina infection does not occur for guaranteeing kind of taro reaching in the storage period of several months, interspersing less than the kind taro of 50g will enter the storage of low temperature storehouse or direct sand is hidden in 2 ~ 3 weeks of airing, avoid kind of taro dehydration withered.Kind taro greater than 50g need to intersperse 5 ~ 6 weeks of airing, treats moisture evaporation 10 ~ 30%, could concentrate storage through sick inspection repeatedly without mashed kind, allows the bud nest downward during storage.
Front 1 ~ 2 week carry out field irrigation in whole taro sowing in the described true seed incubation step, guarantee that water capacity is sufficient, field management work after planting goes Tianjin and paraquat to close down weeds 1 ~ 2 time with show take the control weeds as main.
It is a kind of in foreign rich composite fertilizer, Western composite fertilizer or the Stanley composite fertilizer that described seedling medium is equipped with inorganic fertilizer in the step.
It is a kind of in Abamectin, first dimension desinsection list or the Furadan that described seedling medium is equipped with insecticide in the step.
Insecticide is a kind of in ground Trane, battlefield tiger or the first dimension desinsection list in the described point disk seedling growing step.
Potash fertilizer is a kind of in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulphate or the potassium nitrate in the described point disk seedling growing step.
Insecticide is ground Trane, Furadan or wins a kind of in the hat in the described field-transplanting step.
Liquid fertilizer is a kind of in clear liquid dung, potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, the Jin Fengwei foliage fertilizer in the described field management step.
Bactericide is a kind of in carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, the tpn in the described field management step.
Sugar-vinegar liquid is 1 ~ 3 part of weight portion sugar in the described field management step, 0.5 ~ 1.5 part of wine, and 1 ~ 3 part in water, 1 ~ 3 part of vinegar adds 0.1 ~ 0.2 part of chlorophos and makes after mixing well.
The present invention solves effectively that ubiquitous reproduction coefficient is low in the konjak fine breed breeding, the virus accumulation is serious, plant the fast problem of sexual involution, have advantages of that method of operating is simple, kind taro quality is good, cost is low, for new approach has been opened up in mountain area, the social development of upper level Economy of agriculture and countryside.
Embodiment 1:
2010 the Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences 57 of No. a kind taros of (height above sea level 910m) sowing above moral evil spirit of four ages and four ages experimental field, 54 strains of emerging altogether, and 48 strains of blossoming and bearing fruit are gathered in the crops berry 5.14kg, approximately 20,000 (seeing Table 1).Adopted point disk seedling growing on February 20th, 2011, with clear water bubble kind of 12h, peel off pericarp before the sowing, elite seed, seedling medium are pressed technical step (3) preparation, and through investigation, emergence rate reaches 91%, adopts 2.5 mu of demonstration plants of seedling raising and transplanting (seeing Table 2).The plantation field is sandy loam, every 667m
2Execute well-rotted farmyard manure 3000kg and composite fertilizer (N, P, K are than being 15:15:15) 40kg and carry out soil disinfection as base fertilizer with 50kg quicklime, with Trane, 2kg ground control Field Pests.The ridging cultivation, row spacing 120cm, the high 15cm in ridge, furrow width 30cm, in April 5, April 20,3 batches of transplantings of bu in Mays 5, the transplanting seeding row spacing is 20cm * 40cm, the effective seedling of mu is about 7000 seedlings.Irrigate normal root water after the transplanting, build shading rate and be 85% sunshade net, water respectively after 2 weeks, 6 weeks and execute clearly liquid dung, remove sunshade net after 2 months, execute potassium sulphate 20kg in conjunction with cultivation and banking mu mid-July, and 6,7, measure respectively plant height August, strengthens the weeds in field management work.Received to dig to survey December 6 and produce, the heavy 1.37kg of maximum bulb, the heavy 18g of minimum bulb, results kind of taro 2338.3 kg altogether, the output value reaches 7014.8 yuan, average yield per mu 935.3kg, the per mu yield value reaches 2806 yuan (seeing Table 3).Presentation of results utilizes konjaku true seed Fast-propagation kind taro, and kind taro breeding rate is about 150 times of conventional rhizome cutting propagation, has broken through the bottleneck problem during the konjac seed expansion is numerous, effectively increases breeding and supplies with; Can avoid the serious problem of virus accumulation in the vegetative propagation, realize kind of a taro nature rejuvenation; Can shorten kind of a taro breeding time limit, reduce Planting risk, reduce production costs, have preferably economic benefit.
The experimental field No. 1 seed-setting rate performance of moral evil spirit of the table 1 Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences
The table 2 Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences is No. 1 percentage of seedgermination of moral evil spirit and transplanting survival rate performance experimental field
The experimental field No. 1 productivity performance of moral evil spirit of the table 3 Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences
Embodiment 2:
Mang Shi in 2010 hides to be put town Hu La village (height above sea level 830m) He Kun and planted for four ages and abovely plant 45 of taros, 44 strains of emerging altogether, 35 strains of blossoming and bearing fruit, results berry 3.08kg, approximately 1.3 ten thousand (seeing Table 4).Between 6 ages rubber forests, planted 2.6 mu (seeing Table 5) by Planting Patterns in 2011.The plantation field is red soil, executes well-rotted farmyard manure 1500-2000kg and composite fertilizer (N, P, K are than being 15:15:15) 40kg for every mu and carries out soil disinfection as base fertilizer with 50kg quicklime, with Trane, 2kg ground control Field Pests.The ridging cultivation, minute 3 batches of transplantings, the effective seedling of mu is about 3000 strains.Since 6 age bamboo grows can provide the nature shading condition for konjaku, need not build sunshade net, select to transplant at dusk, irrigate normal root water after the transplanting, later moisture in the soil is met personally to do and is just watered, and 3 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks spray respectively 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, strengthen seedling resistance, mid-July, execute potassium sulphate 15kg in conjunction with cultivation and banking mu, strengthen control of insect work.Received to dig to survey December 28 and produce, the heavy 0.94kg of maximum bulb, minimum heavy 21g, results kind of a taro 1185kg altogether, the output value reaches 3555 yuan, and average yield per mu 455.8kg, mu increase by 1367.3 yuan (seeing Table 6) of plantation income.Presentation of results is planted No. 1 true seed of moral evil spirit between rubber forest, can be that konjaku shades by bamboo grows, can effectively reduce production costs, and improves kind of a taro yield and quality, the purpose that can reach combination of long drives and drop shots, raises short-long, remarkable in economical benefits.
Table 4 sugarcane is put No. 1 seed-setting rate performance of Hu La village, town moral evil spirit
Table 5 sugarcane is put Hu La village, town No. 1 percentage of seedgermination of moral evil spirit and transplanting survival rate performance
Table 6 sugarcane is put No. 1 productivity performance of Hu La village, town moral evil spirit
Embodiment 3:
2010 in the Ruili City 50 of No. a kind taros of Meng Li village, brave fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches town (height above sea level 860m) half shady mountain planting above moral evil spirit in four ages, 47 strains of emerging altogether, 36 strains of blossoming and bearing fruit are gathered in the crops berry 3.9kg, approximately 1.5 ten thousand (seeing Table 7).Adopted 1.7 mu of demonstration plants of Planting Patterns (seeing Table 8) on February 17th, 2011, seedling medium is in the ratio preparation of 5 parts of leaf moulds, 3 parts of well-rotted farmyard manures, 2 parts of living laterite.The plantation field is sandy loam, executes well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg and composite fertilizer (N, P, K are than being 15:15:15) 40kg for every mu and carries out soil disinfection as base fertilizer with 50kg quicklime, prevents and treats Field Pests with Trane, 2kg ground.Ridging cultivation, mu effectively seedling are built shading rate and are 85% sunshade net about 7000 seedlings.Behind the mid-June cultivation and banking, the weeds in field management work is strengthened in 1500 times of liquid diseases preventions of the thiophanate methyl with 70% 2 times.Received to dig to survey November 25 and produce, results kind of a taro 1381.5kg altogether, the output value reaches 4144.5 yuan, average yield per mu 812.6kg, the per mu yield value reaches 2438 yuan (seeing Table 9).
No. 1 seed-setting rate performance of Meng Li village, town, the brave fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches of table 7 moral evil spirit
Meng Li village, town, the brave fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches of table 8 No. 1 percentage of seedgermination of moral evil spirit and transplanting survival rate performance
No. 1 productivity performance of Meng Li village, town, the brave fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches of table 9 moral evil spirit
Embodiment 4
Sowed in the Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences (height above sea level 910 m) in 2008
Four age moral evil spirit24 of No. a kind taros, 21 strains of emerging altogether, 16 strains of blossoming and bearing fruit, results berry 1.2kg, approximately 6,590 ten thousand (seeing Table 10).Adopt point disk seedling growing on March 19th, 2009, with clear water bubble kind of 24h, peel off pericarp before the sowing, elite seed, seedling medium is in the ratio preparation preparation of 4 parts of well-rotted farmyard manures, 3 parts of living laterite, 1 part of ash, and emergence rate reaches 79%, adopts 0.7 mu of demonstration plant of seedling raising and transplanting (seeing Table 11).The plantation field is red soil, per 600 m
2Execute well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 kg and composite fertilizer (N, P, K are than being 15:15:15) 40kg and carry out soil disinfection as base fertilizer with 60kg quicklime, with 1.5kg Furadan control Field Pests.The ridging cultivation, row spacing 90 cm, the high 10cm in ridge, furrow width 20cm, in April 23, May 8,3 batches of transplantings of bu in Mays 21, the transplanting seeding row spacing is 20cm * 40cm, the effective seedling of mu is about 6000 seedlings.Irrigate normal root water after the transplanting, build shading rate and be 80% sunshade net, water respectively after 2 weeks, 6 weeks and execute clearly liquid dung, remove sunshade net after 2 months, execute potassium sulphate 15kg in conjunction with cultivation and banking mu mid-July, late June, mid-July, moon mid-August are measured respectively plant height, strengthen the weeds in field management work.Received to dig to survey November 15 and produce, the heavy 1.48kg of maximum bulb, the heavy 33g of minimum bulb, results kind of a taro 512.7kg altogether, the output value reaches 1538 yuan, average yield per mu 732.4kg, the per mu yield value reaches 2197.2 yuan (seeing Table 12).Presentation of results utilizes konjaku true seed Fast-propagation kind taro, and kind taro breeding rate is about 630 times of conventional rhizome cutting propagation, has broken through the bottleneck problem during the konjac seed expansion is numerous, effectively increases breeding and supplies with; Can avoid the serious problem of virus accumulation in the vegetative propagation, realize kind of a taro nature rejuvenation; Can shorten kind of a taro breeding time limit, reduce Planting risk, reduce production costs, have preferably economic benefit.
The experimental field No. 1 seed-setting rate performance of moral evil spirit of the table 10 Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences
The table 11 Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences is No. 1 percentage of seedgermination of moral evil spirit and transplanting survival rate performance experimental field
The experimental field No. 1 productivity performance of moral evil spirit of the table 12 Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences
Embodiment 5
Sowed in the Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences (height above sea level 910m) in 2009
Four age moral evil spirit42 of No. a kind taros, 37 strains of emerging altogether, 30 strains of blossoming and bearing fruit, results berry 3.2kg, approximately 1.2 ten thousand (seeing Table 13).Adopt point disk seedling growing on March 7th, 2010, with clear water bubble kind of 12h, peel off pericarp before the sowing, elite seed, seedling medium is in the ratio preparation preparation in 5 parts of well-rotted farmyard manures, 4 parts of living laterite, 2 parts of ash, and emergence rate reaches 89%, adopts 1.6 mu of demonstration plants of seedling raising and transplanting (seeing Table 14).The plantation field is sandy loam, per 600 m
2Execute well-rotted farmyard manure 3000kg and composite fertilizer (N, P, K are than being 15:15:15) 45kg and carry out soil disinfection as base fertilizer with 100kg quicklime, with 3kg Abamectin control Field Pests.The ridging cultivation, row spacing
110cm, the high 20cm in ridge, furrow width 40cm, in April 10, April 23,3 batches of transplantings of bu in Mays 5, the transplanting seeding row spacing is 20cm * 40cm, the effective seedling of mu is about 7000 seedlings.Irrigate normal root water after the transplanting, build the sunshade net that shading rate is 90 %, water respectively after 2 weeks, 6 weeks and execute clearly liquid dung, remove sunshade net after 2 months, execute potassium sulphate 20kg in conjunction with cultivation and banking mu mid-July, and 6,7, measure respectively plant height August, strengthens the weeds in field management work.Received to dig to survey November 18 and produce, maximum bulb weighs 1.66 kg, and minimum bulb weighs 41 g, results kind of a taro 1333.6kg altogether, and the output value reaches 4000 yuan, average yield per mu 833.5 kg, the per mu yield value reaches 2500 yuan (seeing Table 15).Presentation of results utilizes konjaku true seed Fast-propagation kind taro, and kind taro breeding rate is about 640 times of conventional rhizome cutting propagation, has broken through the bottleneck problem during the konjac seed expansion is numerous, effectively increases breeding and supplies with; Can avoid the serious problem of virus accumulation in the vegetative propagation, realize kind of a taro nature rejuvenation; Can shorten kind of a taro breeding time limit, reduce Planting risk, reduce production costs, have preferably economic benefit.
The experimental field No. 1 seed-setting rate performance of moral evil spirit of the table 13 Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences
The table 14 Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences is No. 1 percentage of seedgermination of moral evil spirit and transplanting survival rate performance experimental field
The experimental field No. 1 productivity performance of moral evil spirit of the table 15 Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences
Claims (10)
1. the method for No. a kind taro of a Fast-propagation moral evil spirit is characterized in that comprising true seed cultivation, seed collection preservation, seedling medium outfit, point disk seedling growing, field-transplanting, field management, the storage step of gathering, and specifically comprises:
A, true seed cultivate: select that moral evil spirit No. 1 four age are above, bud is sturdy, rudiment bulb is early done kind of a taro, adopts whole taro seeding method, protection main bud, 2500 ~ 3000 of per 600 ~ 700 ㎡ sowings;
B, seed collection are preserved: No. 1 true seed of moral evil spirit is generally ripe between January in November to next year, when seed becomes peony, meat deliquescing, adopt the way of gathering in batches, focusing on, hang a mesh bag plant, ripe seed collection is placed in the mesh bag air-dry on the spot, after seed is gathered in the crops fully, concentrate 1 ~ 2 week of airing, at room temperature be saved to sowing in March in next year, storage period will ted 2-3 times, prevents from going rotten;
C, seedling medium are equipped with: seedling medium is in the ratio preparation of 4 ~ 6 parts of well-rotted farmyard manures, 3 ~ 5 parts of living laterite, 1 ~ 2 part of ash, it is 40 ~ 50% inorganic fertilizer and the insecticide of 0.4 ~ 0.6kg that every cubic metre of matrix adds 4 ~ 6kg content again, and matrix will mix could be used after heap sealed for 1 ~ 2 week;
D, point disk seedling growing: adopt the seedling-cultivating tray of 30 * 50cm to grow seedlings, 90 ~ 110 of every dish sowings, uniform broadcasting, sprinkle the insecticide control insect pest after watering, cover with the black sunshade net again, keep soil moisture, promote early to germinate, will in time remove sunshade net after emerging, keep good illumination condition, and note control water, avoid seedling excessive growth, the potash fertilizer foliage-spray with 0.4 ~ 0.6% 1 ~ 2 time, reach additional nutrient, strengthen the purpose of seedling resistance, 2500 ~ 3500 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin with 72% before transplanting are sprayed 1 time, carry out field-transplanting when emergence rate reaches 25 ~ 35% in batches, transplant urgent;
E, field-transplanting: select traffic convenience, soil layer is deep, short texture, sand is good, be rich in organic matter, ground, the good gentle slope of irrigation condition, half shady mountain planting, or with the young economic fruit interplant, the ridging cultivation, row spacing 90 ~ 110cm, the high 10 ~ 20cm in ridge, furrow width 20 ~ 40cm, the transplanting seeding row spacing is 10 ~ 30 * 30 ~ 50cm, per 600 ~ 700m
2Effectively seedling is 6500 ~ 7500 seedlings; Per 600 ~ 700m
2Execute well-rotted farmyard manure 2000-3000kg and content and be foreign rich composite fertilizer 30 ~ 50kg of 40 ~ 50% as base fertilizer, carry out soil disinfection with 40 ~ 60kg quicklime, with 1.5 ~ 2.5kg insecticide control soil insect; Select to transplant at dusk to improve survival rate, will irrigate normal root water after the transplanting, field soil moisture should remain on 70 ~ 80%; In the field that does not cover condition, to build shading rate behind the whole ground ridging and be 80 ~ 90% sunshade net, dismountable sunshade net after 50 ~ 70 days;
F, field management: in the capable pedestrian worker's weeding 3-4 times of advancing of plant envelope, 2 weeks of field-transplanting, rear watering with liquid fertilizer executed 1-2 times, after the 3rd compound leaf launches substantially, topdress when selecting the blade face without dew in conjunction with cultivation and banking, each 10 ~ 20 kilograms in every mu of sealing fertilizer and potash fertilizer, No. 1 disease of moral evil spirit occurs lighter, choosing under the prerequisite in plot, disease is to put prevention first, after second compound leaf launched, the bactericide with 40 ~ 60% sprayed 1 time with 500 ~ 700 times of liquid or alternately sprays 2 times with 500 ~ 700 times of liquid of variable concentrations; Behind the cultivation and banking, use 1400 ~ 1600 times of liquid controls of 60 ~ 80% thiophanate methyl 1-2 times, insect pest has cutworm, grub, prodenia litura, adopts black light lamp or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult again; With 1200 ~ 1800 times of liquid of first dimension desinsection list, or 300 ~ 500 times of liquid sprayings of 20 ~ 30% sevin wetting powders poisoning adult;
G, the storage of gathering: fall seedling 15 ~ 25 days when 90% above plant is ripe, select fine weather to receive and dig; The kind taro that new receipts are dug will carry out comprehensively sick inspection, healthy plant taro can the original place airing, be with in spite of illness the worm kind taro rotten part of will pruning, wound airing up 2 ~ 3 days, cicatrize a wound, treat that kind of taro water content reduces 10 ~ 20% and just can put in the warehouse, shrivelled or germina infection does not occur for guaranteeing kind of taro reaching in the storage period of several months, interspersing less than the kind taro of 50g will enter the storage of low temperature storehouse or direct sand is hidden in 2 ~ 3 weeks of airing, avoid kind of taro dehydration withered; Kind taro greater than 50g need to intersperse 5 ~ 6 weeks of airing, treats moisture evaporation 10 ~ 30%, could concentrate storage through sick inspection repeatedly without mashed kind, allows the bud nest downward during storage.
2. the method for No. a kind taro of Fast-propagation moral according to claim 1 evil spirit, it is characterized in that front 1 ~ 2 week carrying out field irrigation in whole taro sowing in the described A step, the assurance water capacity is sufficient, field management work after planting goes Tianjin and paraquat to close down weeds 1 ~ 2 time with show take the control weeds as main.
3. the method for No. a kind taro of Fast-propagation moral according to claim 1 evil spirit is characterized in that inorganic fertilizer in the described C step is a kind of in foreign rich composite fertilizer, Western composite fertilizer or the Stanley composite fertilizer.
4. the method for No. a kind taro of Fast-propagation moral according to claim 1 evil spirit is characterized in that insecticide in the described C step is a kind of in Abamectin, first dimension desinsection list or the Furadan.
5. the method for No. a kind taro of Fast-propagation moral according to claim 1 evil spirit is characterized in that a kind of in Trane, ground, battlefield tiger or the first dimension desinsection list of insecticide in the described D step.
6. the method for No. a kind taro of Fast-propagation moral according to claim 1 evil spirit is characterized in that potash fertilizer in the described D step is a kind of in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulphate or the potassium nitrate.
7. the method for No. a kind taro of Fast-propagation moral according to claim 1 evil spirit is characterized in that insecticide in the described E step for Trane, ground, Furadan or wins a kind of in the hat.
8. the method for No. a kind taro of Fast-propagation moral according to claim 1 evil spirit is characterized in that liquid fertilizer in the described F step is a kind of in clear liquid dung, potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, the Jin Fengwei foliage fertilizer.
9. the method for No. a kind taro of Fast-propagation moral according to claim 1 evil spirit is characterized in that bactericide in the described F step is a kind of in carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, the tpn.
10. the method for No. a kind taro of Fast-propagation moral evil spirit according to claim 1 is characterized in that sugar-vinegar liquid is 1 ~ 3 part of weight portion sugar in the described F step, 0.5 ~ 1.5 part of wine, and 1 ~ 3 part in water, 1 ~ 3 part of vinegar adds 0.1 ~ 0.2 part of chlorophos and makes after mixing well.
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| CN103329697B (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2014-12-17 | 青川县食用菌科研开发中心 | Konjak planting method |
| CN104186148A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-10 | 江西省江天农业科技有限公司 | Red bud taro planting method for delayed harvest |
| CN104472134A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-04-01 | 房县聚农贸易有限责任公司 | Standard planting method of konjak hybrid seeds |
| CN105638187A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-06-08 | 凯里市龙邦种养专业合作社 | Cultivation and plantation method for konjaks |
| CN106561455A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-04-19 | 建水县乾華恒泰种植专业合作社 | Konjak interplanting method |
| CN109429961B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2022-03-18 | 云南大学 | Rapid breeding method for konjac fruiting |
| CN113973689A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-01-28 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Matrix for rapidly breeding bulbil konjac small seed konjac and breeding method |
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| CN101411275A (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2009-04-22 | 西南大学 | Method for cultivating double-cropped konjak |
| CN101946600A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2011-01-19 | 云南省农科院富源魔芋研究所 | Two-year no-tillage ridge cultivation technique for konjacs |
| CN101946628A (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2011-01-19 | 西南大学 | Rapid reproduction method of konjac |
| CN102652478A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-09-05 | 利川市精诚魔芋有限责任公司 | Konjac seed tuber cultivating method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101411275A (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2009-04-22 | 西南大学 | Method for cultivating double-cropped konjak |
| CN101946600A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2011-01-19 | 云南省农科院富源魔芋研究所 | Two-year no-tillage ridge cultivation technique for konjacs |
| CN101946628A (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2011-01-19 | 西南大学 | Rapid reproduction method of konjac |
| CN102652478A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-09-05 | 利川市精诚魔芋有限责任公司 | Konjac seed tuber cultivating method |
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