CN116034667A - Cultivation method of space-induced konjak seed - Google Patents
Cultivation method of space-induced konjak seed Download PDFInfo
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- CN116034667A CN116034667A CN202211726591.1A CN202211726591A CN116034667A CN 116034667 A CN116034667 A CN 116034667A CN 202211726591 A CN202211726591 A CN 202211726591A CN 116034667 A CN116034667 A CN 116034667A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating space-induced konjak seed, belonging to the technical field of konjak cultivation. The space-induced konjak seedling cultivation method provided by the invention overcomes the technical problem that the space-induced konjak seedling cultivation method lacks after space-induced konjak seedling cultivation in the prior art, can obviously improve the germination rate of space-induced konjak seedling, simultaneously enables young and rare space-induced konjak seedling to quickly adapt to external environment, further improves the survival rate of konjak seedling, and enables the precious space-induced seedling to be continued and utilized. According to the invention, through pretreatment of space-induced konjak seed, seed quality guarantee is provided for the induction work, and the seed quality guarantee function are combined with the steps to finally improve the breeding efficiency of space-induced konjak seed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of konjak cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of space-induced konjak seeds.
Background
Konjak is a perennial herb of konjak genus of Araceae family, and is widely used in various fields such as food, chemistry, medicine, environmental protection, etc. because of being rich in glucomannan. The konjak germplasm resources are rich, about 220 konjak germplasm resources exist worldwide, 25 konjak germplasm resources exist in China, but offspring are mixed and further the germplasm is degenerated due to long-term asexual propagation of konjak, and the yield and quality of konjak are directly affected.
In recent years, with the development of aerospace technology, space mutation breeding has become a new way for innovation and utilization of konjak germplasm resources. The method utilizes factors such as outer space cosmic particles, microgravity, weak geomagnetism and the like to cause mutagenesis on the konjak seed, and the konjak seed returns to the ground to further carry out the breeding work, thereby having great significance for breeding new konjak varieties.
The konjak fruit is berry, and has one or a few seeds. The konjak seed is not a true plant seed, but a typical vegetative organ. The actual "seed" is a small bulb in morphology but is still a solid organ in nature. The seed taro is bred by using the real seeds, so that the breeding coefficient can be improved, the transportation is convenient, the transmission of the specific pathogenic bacteria of the konjak can be reduced, and the excellent species of the original variety can be maintained. For rare space mutagenesis konjak seedling seeds, the production lacks corresponding seedling raising technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a space mutagenesis konjak seed cultivation method, which aims to solve the problem that the technology for cultivating konjak seeds after space mutagenesis is lacked in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for cultivating space-induced konjak seed, which comprises the following steps:
soaking seeds of konjak seeds after space mutagenesis, and placing the seeds into a culture container after soaking seeds, and primarily culturing until the seeds germinate;
transplanting the germinated seeds to a seedbed, and performing film-covered culture for 7-12 d;
removing the coating film, performing seedling hardening culture for 10-25 d, and spraying Shi Mucu liquid to the seedlings during the period;
and after the hardening culture is finished, transplanting the seedlings to a field, and then managing the seedling stage to obtain konjak plants.
Preferably, the seed soaking treatment adopts thiourea aqueous solution or GA solution;
the mass concentration of the thiourea aqueous solution is 0.5-1.5%;
the concentration of the GA solution is 2-7 mg/L;
the seed soaking treatment time is 12-48 h.
Preferably, 1-5 layers of wet filter paper are arranged in the culture container;
the humidity of the preliminary culture is 50-70%;
the temperature of the preliminary culture is 23-28 ℃.
Preferably, the seedbed comprises a composite matrix, wherein the composite matrix comprises peat, perlite and decomposed sheep manure, and the volume ratio of the peat to the perlite to the decomposed sheep manure is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2.
Preferably, the humidity of the film-covered culture is 50-70%;
the temperature of the film-coating culture is 23-28 ℃.
Preferably, the humidity of the seedling hardening culture is 50-70%;
the temperature of the seedling hardening culture is 10-25 ℃.
Preferably, the wood vinegar is diluted by 200-400 times;
the spraying frequency of the Shi Mucu liquid is 2-3 times;
the frequency of the spraying Shi Mucu liquid is 5-10 d/time.
Preferably, the soil type of the field is sandy loam, and the pH value of the sandy loam is 6.5-7.0;
a sunshade net is arranged above the field blocks, and the shading rate of the sunshade net is 60-70%;
the seedling management comprises controlling humidity to be more than or equal to 50%.
Preferably, the seedling management comprises applying a composite microbial fertilizer;
the application frequency of the compound microbial fertilizer is 5-10 d/time;
the compound microbial fertilizer contains N element and P element 2 O 5 、K 2 O and organic matter;
the content of N element in the compound microorganism bacterial fertilizer is 2-10%;
p in the compound microbial fertilizer 2 O 5 The content of (2-10 percent);
k in the compound microbial fertilizer 2 The content of O is 5-15%;
the content of organic matters in the compound microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 45%;
the compound microbial fertilizer also contains bacillus subtilis and/or bacillus megaterium;
the viable count of bacillus subtilis in the compound microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g;
the viable count of bacillus megatherium in the compound microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g;
the compound microbial fertilizer is applied after being diluted by water;
the dilution multiple of the dilution is 400-600 times;
the application times of the compound microbial fertilizer are 2-3 times.
Preferably, the space-mutated konjak seed is obtained by a method comprising the following steps:
dehydrating konjak seed to ensure 8-12% of water loss;
packaging the dehydrated seeds to enable the dehydrated seeds to be in a vacuum drying state;
carrying out low-temperature treatment on the dry seeds in a vacuum drying state;
finally, space mutagenesis treatment is carried out to obtain konjak seed after space mutagenesis;
the temperature of the low-temperature treatment is 4-8 ℃;
the time of the low-temperature treatment is 5-10 d.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
the method provided by the invention can obviously improve the germination rate of space-induced konjak seedling, simultaneously enables young and rare space-induced konjak seedling to quickly adapt to external environment, further improves the survival rate of konjak seedling, and enables the precious space-induced seed to be continued and utilized. According to the invention, through pretreatment of space-induced konjak seed, seed quality guarantee is provided for the induction work, and the seed quality guarantee function are combined with the steps to finally improve the breeding efficiency of space-induced konjak seed.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for cultivating space-induced konjak seed, which comprises the following steps: soaking seeds of konjak seeds after space mutagenesis, and placing the seeds into a culture container after soaking seeds, and primarily culturing until the seeds germinate; transplanting the germinated seeds to a seedbed, and performing film-covered culture for 7-12 d; removing the coating film, performing seedling hardening culture for 10-25 d, and spraying Shi Mucu liquid to the seedlings during the period; and after the hardening culture is finished, transplanting the seedlings to a field, and then managing the seedling stage to obtain konjak plants.
In the present invention, the space-mutated konjak seed is preferably obtained by a method comprising the steps of: dehydrating the konjak seed to ensure 8-12% of water loss, and more preferably 9-11% of water loss; packaging the dehydrated seeds to enable the dehydrated seeds to be in a low-temperature vacuum drying state; performing space mutagenesis treatment on the treated seeds to obtain space-mutagenized konjak seed; the konjak seed is preferably selected from konjak fruits, peel and pulp are removed, then the full seeds are selected and placed on filter paper to absorb water, and placed in a shade place for standby; the dehydration treatment is preferably natural drying or low-temperature baking, the natural drying time is preferably 1-3 d, the high-temperature drying is preferably carried out by adopting a drying oven with the temperature of 35-40 ℃, the seed dehydration is further preferably 9-10%, the dehydrated seeds are preferably packaged by adopting an aluminum foil bag, the aluminum foil bag is preferably further filled with silicon dioxide and is in a vacuum drying state, the packaged seeds are preferably placed in a dryer filled with silicon dioxide, the dry seeds in the vacuum drying state are preferably subjected to low-temperature treatment, the dryer and the seeds are further preferably subjected to low-temperature treatment, the temperature of the low-temperature treatment is preferably 4-8 ℃, the temperature of the low-temperature treatment is further preferably 5-7 ℃, the time of the low-temperature treatment is preferably 5-10 d, the time of the low-temperature treatment is further preferably 7-9 d, and the space mutagenesis treatment is carried out after the low-temperature treatment, so that the konjak seeds after the space mutagenesis are obtained.
In the invention, seed soaking treatment is carried out on konjak seeds subjected to space mutagenesis, wherein the seed soaking treatment preferably adopts thiourea aqueous solution or GA solution, and the mass concentration of the thiourea aqueous solution is preferably 0.5-1.5%, and more preferably 0.8-1.2%; the concentration of the GA solution is preferably 2 to 7mg/L, more preferably 4 to 6mg/L; the amount of the thiourea aqueous solution or the GA solution is preferably just immersed in the seeds, the seed immersing treatment is preferably carried out for 12-48 hours, more preferably 15-30 hours, and the seeds are preferably taken out and dried in the shade after the seed immersing treatment.
In the invention, seeds are placed in a culture container after seed soaking treatment, the culture container is preferably a culture dish, 1-5 layers of wet filter paper are preferably arranged in the culture container, so that the seeds are kept moist, the wet filter paper is preferably obtained by spraying the filter paper with sterile water, the seeds are placed in the culture dish, the dish cover is preferably covered, the culture dish is placed in an incubator for preliminary culture, the humidity of the preliminary culture is preferably 50-70%, more preferably 55-65%, the temperature of the preliminary culture is preferably 23-28 ℃, more preferably 24-26 ℃, and the time from the culture to the germination is generally 15-30 d.
In the invention, the germinated seeds are transplanted to a seedbed for 7-12 d of film-covering culture, the film-covering culture is carried out by adopting a conventional agricultural film-covering, the seedbed preferably comprises a composite matrix, the composite matrix preferably comprises peat, perlite and decomposed sheep manure, the volume ratio of the peat to the perlite to the decomposed sheep manure is preferably 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2, more preferably 0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1, the film-covering culture time is preferably 8-10 d, the seedlings at the end of the film-covering culture are preferably in a state of being spread with leaves, and the humidity of the film-covering culture is preferably 50-70%, more preferably 55-65%; the temperature of the film-coating culture is preferably 23 to 28℃and more preferably 24 to 26 ℃.
In the present invention, after the completion of the film-covered cultivation, the film is removed and the seedling is subjected to a seedling hardening cultivation for 10 to 25 days, and Shi Mucu liquid is sprayed during the seedling hardening cultivation, wherein the seedling hardening cultivation preferably means a ventilation cultivation under indoor natural light, the humidity of the seedling hardening cultivation is preferably 50 to 70%, more preferably 55 to 65%, the temperature of the seedling hardening cultivation is preferably 10 to 25 ℃, more preferably 15 to 20 ℃, the dilution ratio of the wood vinegar is preferably 200 to 400, more preferably 250 to 350, the number of times of spraying Shi Mucu liquid is 2 to 3, the frequency of spraying Shi Mucu liquid is 5 to 10 days, more preferably 6 to 8 days, and the spraying amount of the wood vinegar is preferably such that the leaf surface is covered with fine water beads without dropping.
In the invention, after the hardening culture is finished, transplanting seedlings to a field, and then managing the seedling stage to obtain konjak plants; the soil type of the field is preferably sandy loam, and the pH value of the sandy loam is preferably 6.5-7.0; a sunshade net is preferably arranged above the field, and the shading rate of the sunshade net is preferably 60-70%, and more preferably 63-67%; the seedling management preferably comprises controlling the humidity to be more than or equal to 50%, and more preferably 60-70%; the seedling management preferably comprises applying a compound microbial fertilizer, wherein the application frequency of the compound microbial fertilizer is preferably 5-10 d/time, and more preferably 7-9 d/time; the application times of the compound microbial fertilizer are 2-3 times; the compound microbial fertilizer preferably contains N element and P element 2 O 5 、K 2 O and organic matters, wherein the content of N element in the compound microbial fertilizer is 2-10%, and more preferably 4-6%; p in the compound microbial fertilizer 2 O 5 The content of (2) to (10), more preferably 4) to (6%; k in the compound microbial fertilizer 2 The O content is 5 to 15%, more preferably 8 to 12The%; the content of organic matters in the compound microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 45%, and more preferably more than or equal to 45%; the compound microbial fertilizer also contains bacillus subtilis and/or bacillus megatherium, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis in the compound microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, more preferably more than or equal to 1200 hundred million/g, and when the compound microbial fertilizer is liquid, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/mL, more preferably more than or equal to 1200 hundred million/mL; the viable count of bacillus megatherium in the compound microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g, and more preferably more than or equal to 120 hundred million/g; when the compound microbial fertilizer is liquid, the viable count of the bacillus megatherium is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/mL, and more preferably more than or equal to 120 hundred million/mL; the compound microbial fertilizer is preferably applied after being diluted with water, and the dilution factor of the dilution is 400-600 times, and more preferably 450-550 times.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Selecting white konjak flowers in the field in the period of 18 days of 4 months in 2019, cutting stamens, preserving pollen in the period of 24 days in 5 months in 2019, cutting stamens after the flower konjak flowers, smearing the preserved white konjak pollen, bagging after pollination is finished, harvesting hybrid fruits in the period of 8 days in 2019, and when berries are completely changed into orange, maturing the real seeds.
Carefully taking out the full and symmetrical seeds of konjak fruits with small tweezers, slightly washing off the peel and pulp one by one, selecting the full seeds, placing the seeds on 15cm filter paper to suck water, and placing the seeds in a cool place for standby.
The selected seeds are placed in the sun for airing for 2 days on sunny days, the seeds are dehydrated for 9 percent, then the dehydrated seeds are placed in an aluminum foil bag with the thickness of 9cm or 12cm, 5g of silicon dioxide is added, vacuum sealing is carried out to ensure that the seeds are in a vacuum drying state, corresponding labels are attached, the seeds are placed in a dryer filled with the silicon dioxide, and the seeds are stored for 7 days together with the dryer in a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 ℃.
And in the period of 9.10.2019, the pretreated konjak seed is sent to a third party spaceflight breeding technical popularization company, and the company contacts with a spaceflight institution to carry the konjak seed on a spaceship to enter space for mutagenesis.
Soaking seed of konjak with space mutagenesis in 1% thiourea solution for 24 hr, taking out, and drying in shade.
And (3) spreading three layers of filter paper on a 20cm culture dish for 10 days in the year 2020, spraying sterile water, placing the soaked space-induced konjak seeds in the culture dish, and covering the dish cover. The culture dish with the seeds is placed in an incubator at 25 ℃ and RH55% for 30d, and the germination rate is counted by observation for 3-5 days. The space-induced konjak seed does not germinate any more in the year 2 and 9 of 2020.
The germinated konjak seeds are placed in 36 cavity trays on 2 months and 10 days in 2020, and the cavity tray substrate formula is as follows: peat, perlite, decomposed sheep manure (by volume) =1:1:1, and after sowing, the seedbed was thoroughly irrigated and immediately covered with white film and incubated at 25 ℃ for 10d.
And (3) starting leaf development of konjak seedlings in 20 days of 2 months 2020, uncovering white films, carrying out ventilation culture and exercise for 15 days under indoor natural light, and controlling the indoor temperature at 10-25 ℃ and RH at 50-70%. Spraying 300 times of wood vinegar to the seedlings at intervals of 7d, wherein the dosage is the degree that the leaves are covered with fine water drops and do not drip, and spraying for 3 times. The seed emergence rate was investigated on 3 and 6 days 2020.
And transplanting the seedling of the konjak after seedling hardening into sandy loam with loose soil, good ventilation and rich organic matters in the soil for 16 days in 3 months 2020, wherein the pH value is 6.8, the soil moisture content during transplanting is good, water is poured after transplanting, and a sunshade net with the shading rate of 65% is built above a transplanted land block.
Sufficient water and fertilizer are ensured in the growing period of konjak seedling, watering is carried out regularly, the humidity of a seedling bed is ensured to be 50-70%, and meanwhile, compound microbial fertilizers (N6% and P) are sprayed once a week 2 O 5 5％、K 2 O8%, organic matter not less than 48%, bacillus subtilis viable count not less than 1000 hundred million/mL, bacillus megatherium viable count not less than 100 hundred million/mL). Diluting 50ml of compound microorganism bacterial fertilizer with water for 500 times, and homogenizingSpraying on konjak leaves with the amount of fine water drops without dripping, and continuously spraying for 3 times to obtain strong konjak plants.
Example 2
And (3) selecting 'Anmo 128' flowers in the field on the 5 th month and 10 th month of 2019, cutting stamen, preserving pollen, cutting stamen after the flower of konjak flowers on the 5 th month and 28 th month of 2019, smearing the preserved Anmo 128 pollen, bagging after pollination is finished, harvesting hybrid fruits on the 16 th 8 th month of 2019, and enabling the real seeds to mature when berries are completely orange.
Carefully taking out the full and uniform seeds of konjak fruits with small tweezers, slightly washing off the peel and pulp one by one, selecting the full seeds, placing the seeds on 15cm filter paper to suck water, and placing the seeds in a cool place.
And placing the selected seeds in a 38 ℃ oven, taking out after 72 hours, and ensuring that the seeds lose 8-12 percent of water. The dehydrated seeds were then filled into a bag of aluminum foil 9cm x 12cm, 5g of silica was added, vacuum sealed and labeled with the corresponding label, and then placed in a desiccator containing silica, and stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for 7d along with the desiccator.
And in the period of 9.10.2019, the pretreated konjak seed is sent to a third party spaceflight breeding technical popularization company, and the company contacts with a spaceflight institution to carry the konjak seed on a spaceship to enter space for mutagenesis.
And (3) taking out the konjak seeds subjected to space mutagenesis in the year of 29 of 12 of 2019, soaking the konjak seeds in 5mg/L GA solution, taking out the konjak seeds after soaking the konjak seeds for 24 hours, and drying the konjak seeds in the shade.
And (3) spreading three layers of filter paper on a 20cm culture dish for 10 days in the year 2020, spraying sterile water, placing the soaked space-induced konjak seeds in the culture dish, and covering the dish cover. The culture dish with the seeds is placed in an incubator at 25 ℃ and RH60% for culturing for 35d, and the germination rate is counted by observation for 3-5 days. The seed of konjak is not germinated after space mutagenesis in the year of 2 and 14 in 2020.
The germinated konjak seeds were transferred to 36-cavity trays in the year 2 and 15 of 2020. After sowing, the seedbed is thoroughly irrigated and immediately covered with a white film, and the seedbed is cultured for 10 days at 25 ℃.
25 days of 2 months 2020, konjak seedlings start to develop leaves, white films are uncovered, ventilation culture and exercise are carried out for 16 days under indoor natural light, and indoor temperature is controlled at 10-25 ℃ and RH is 50-70%. And spraying 300 times of wood vinegar to the seedlings at intervals of 7d, wherein the dosage is the degree that the leaves are covered with fine water drops and do not drip, spraying for 2 times, and investigating the seed emergence rate on the 3 rd month and 11 th year of 2020.
Transplanting the seedling of the konjak after seedling hardening into sandy loam with loose soil, good ventilation and rich organic matters in the soil for 16 days in 3 months 2020, wherein the pH value is 7.0, the soil moisture content is good during transplanting, water is irrigated after transplanting, and a sunshade net with the shading rate of 70% is built above a transplanted land block;
sufficient water and fertilizer are ensured in the growing period of konjak seedling, watering is carried out regularly, the humidity of a seedling bed is ensured to be 50-70%, and meanwhile, compound microbial fertilizers (N6% and P) are sprayed once a week 2 O 5 5％、K 2 O8%, organic matter not less than 48%, bacillus subtilis viable count not less than 1000 hundred million/mL, bacillus megatherium viable count not less than 100 hundred million/mL). 50ml of the compound microbial fertilizer is diluted by water for 500 times, and the diluted solution is uniformly sprayed on konjak leaves, wherein the dosage is the degree that the leaves are fully covered with fine water drops and do not drip, and the solution is continuously sprayed for 3 times, so that a robust konjak plant is obtained.
Example 3
Selecting white konjak flowers in the field in the period of 18 days of 4 months in 2019, cutting stamens, preserving pollen in the period of 24 days in 5 months in 2019, cutting stamens after the flower konjak flowers, smearing the preserved white konjak pollen, bagging after pollination is finished, harvesting hybrid fruits in the period of 8 days in 2019, and when berries are completely changed into orange, maturing the real seeds.
Carefully taking out the full and symmetrical seeds of konjak fruits with small tweezers, slightly washing off the peel and pulp one by one, selecting the full seeds, placing the seeds on 15cm filter paper to suck water, and placing the seeds in a cool place for standby.
The selected seeds are placed in the sun for airing for 2 days on sunny days, the seeds are dehydrated for 9 percent, then the dehydrated seeds are placed in an aluminum foil bag with the thickness of 9cm or 12cm, 5g of silicon dioxide is added, vacuum sealing is carried out to ensure that the seeds are in a vacuum drying state, corresponding labels are attached, the seeds are placed in a dryer filled with the silicon dioxide, and the seeds are stored for 10 days together with the dryer in a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 ℃.
And in the period of 9.10.2019, the pretreated konjak seed is sent to a third party spaceflight breeding technical popularization company, and the company contacts with a spaceflight institution to carry the konjak seed on a spaceship to enter space for mutagenesis.
Soaking seed of konjak with space mutagenesis in 1% thiourea solution for 48 hr, taking out, and drying in shade.
And (3) spreading three layers of filter paper on a 20cm culture dish for 10 days in the year 2020, spraying sterile water, placing the soaked space-induced konjak seeds in the culture dish, and covering the dish cover. The culture dish with the seeds is placed in an incubator at 26 ℃ and RH60% for 30d, and the germination rate is counted by observation for 3-5 days. The space-induced konjak seed does not germinate any more in the year 2 and 9 of 2020.
The germinated konjak seeds are placed in 36 cavity trays on 2 months and 10 days in 2020, and the cavity tray substrate formula is as follows: peat, perlite, decomposed sheep manure (by volume) =1:1.1:0.8, after sowing, the seedbed was thoroughly poured and immediately covered with white film and incubated at 25 ℃ for 11d.
And (3) starting leaf development of konjak seedlings in 20 days of 2 months 2020, uncovering white films, carrying out ventilation culture and exercise for 15 days under indoor natural light, and controlling the indoor temperature at 10-25 ℃ and RH at 50-70%. And spraying 400 times of wood vinegar to the seedlings at intervals of 7d, wherein the dosage is the degree that the leaves are covered with fine water drops and do not drip, and spraying for 3 times. The seed emergence rate was investigated on 3 and 6 days 2020.
And transplanting the seedling of the konjak after seedling hardening into sandy loam with loose soil, good ventilation and rich organic matters in the soil for 16 days in 3 months 2020, wherein the pH value is 6.5, the soil moisture content during transplanting is good, water is thoroughly poured after transplanting, and a sunshade net with the shading rate of 60% is built above a transplanted land block.
Ensuring sufficient water and fertilizer in the growing period of konjak seedling, and periodically watering to ensure that the humidity of the seedbed is 50 to the extent70%, and spraying compound microbial fertilizer (N6% and P) once a week 2 O 5 5％、K 2 O8%, organic matter not less than 48%, bacillus subtilis viable count not less than 1200 hundred million/mL, bacillus megatherium viable count not less than 150 hundred million/mL). 50ml of the compound microbial fertilizer is diluted by water for 500 times, and the diluted solution is uniformly sprayed on konjak leaves, wherein the dosage is the degree that the leaves are fully covered with fine water drops and do not drip, and the solution is continuously sprayed for 3 times, so that a robust konjak plant is obtained.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the harvested konjak seeds are dried and dehydrated, stored in a storage room at 10-20 ℃ and then sent to a spaceflight breeding technology popularization company.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is only that the mutagenized konjak seed is soaked in clear water, the water consumption is proper to just submerge the seed, the konjak seed is kept at room temperature, water is changed 1 to 2 times a day, the konjak seed is taken out after being soaked for 48 to 72 hours, and the konjak seed is dried in the shade.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is only that the seed of konjak after mutagenesis is soaked in 100 mg/L6-BA (6-benzylaminopurine) solution, the seed soaking solution is just immersed in the seed, and the seed is taken out after 24 hours of soaking and dried in the shade.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 was only that the dish with the seeds was placed in an incubator at 20℃and RH40% for 35d.
Comparative example 5
The only difference from example 1 is that the plug substrate formulation is turf: vermiculite: perlite (by volume) =6: 1:3.
comparative example 6
The difference from example 1 is that wood vinegar is not applied to seedling of seedling during seedling hardening, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times of liquid is sprayed to seedling every 7d, the dosage is the degree that the leaf surface is full of tiny water drops and does not drip, and the spraying is carried out for 3 times.
Experimental example 1 investigation of seed quality Condition
The quality and final germination rate of the mutagenized konjak seed of example 1 and example 2 were examined and counted, respectively, and the mutagenized konjak seed of comparative examples 1 to 5 was used as a control, and the results are shown in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1 quality of seed of konjak after mutagenesis in different treatments
As can be seen from Table 1, the actual seeds were subjected to various degrees of water loss after being returned to space mutagenesis, and the seed treatment methods of examples 1 and 2 provided by the present invention significantly reduced the degree of water loss of the actual seeds as compared with those of comparative examples 1 to 5. Meanwhile, the single seed weight of the konjak seed returned after the treatment is obviously higher than that of the seed in comparative examples 1 to 5, which shows that the treatment method provided by the invention can effectively ensure the quality of the konjak seed. The germination rate of the konjak seed after mutagenesis treated by the method is up to 81.08-82.05%, and the germination rate of the konjak seed obtained in comparative examples 1-5 is 58.54% -76.19%. The method provided by the invention can obviously improve the germination rate of konjak mutation seed.
Experimental example 2 investigation of seed emergence
The results of investigation of emergence of the konjak seeds after mutagenesis in example 1 and example 2 are shown in Table 2 below:
TABLE 2 time-dependent changes in the emergence of the mutagenized seed of konjak according to the invention
| Time | 2 months and 20 days | 2 months 25 days | 3 months 1 day | 3 months and 6 days | 3 months 11 days |
| Example 1 | 48.65％ | 54.05％ | 67.57％ | 75.68％ | 70.27％ |
| Time | 2 months 25 days | 3 months 1 day | 3 months and 6 days | 3 months 11 days | 3 months and 16 days |
| Example 2 | 51.28％ | 58.97％ | 71.79％ | 79.49％ | 76.92％ |
As can be seen from Table 2, the seedling emergence rate of the space-induced konjak seeds of the invention tends to rise and then fall over time, and example 1 reaches a peak value of 75.68% at 3 months and 6 days; example 2 reached a peak at day 3 and 11 and was 79.49%, and the emergence rate after the peak was slightly decreased because of the natural elimination phenomenon caused by the unadapted seedling hardening environment of the newly grown seedlings.
Experimental example 3 investigation of seed survival
The final emergence rate, survival rate, growth period and incidence rate of the mutagenized konjak seeds of example 1 and example 2 were investigated, respectively, and the mutagenized konjak seeds of comparative examples 1 to 6 were used as controls, and the results are shown in Table 3 below:
TABLE 3 comparison of seed emergence, survival, growth period and morbidity of konjak seed under different treatments
As shown in Table 3, the final emergence rate of the mutagenized seedling seeds treated in example 1 of the present invention reaches 75.68%, the survival rate of the seedlings reaches 70.27%, which is higher than that of comparative examples 1 to 6, and the occurrence of disease is avoided, which is significantly better than that of comparative examples 1 to 6. The emergence time of the example 1 is 16-37 d earlier than that of the comparative examples 1-6, and the seedling pouring time is 8-26 d earlier than that of the comparative examples 1-6. The seedling pouring time of the embodiment 1 is 8 months and 29 days, the konjak completes the rapid expansion of the bulb before 7 months, effectively avoids the high temperature in the growing period, and is more beneficial to ensuring the yield.
The final emergence rate of the mutagenized seedling seeds under the treatment of example 2 reaches 79.49%, the survival rate of the seedlings reaches 76.92%, and the survival rate is remarkably higher than that of comparative examples 1-6, and the morbidity rate is 3.33% and lower than that of comparative examples 1-6. The emergence time of the example 2 is 9-30 d earlier than that of the comparative examples 1-6, and the seedling pouring time is 6-24 d earlier than that of the comparative examples 1-6. The seedling pouring time of the embodiment 2 is 8 months and 31 days, the konjak completes the rapid expansion of the bulb before 7 months, effectively avoids the high temperature in the growing period, and is more beneficial to ensuring the yield. As can be seen from the table, the condition effect adopted by the invention is obviously better than that of the cultivation method of the real seeds of comparative example, the precious space-induced konjak real seeds are effectively preserved and prolonged, and the invention has industrial popularization significance.
As can be seen from the table, the condition effect adopted by the invention is obviously better than that of the cultivation method of the real seeds of comparative example, the precious space-induced konjak real seeds are effectively preserved and prolonged, and the invention has industrial popularization significance.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating space-induced konjak seed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
soaking seeds of konjak seeds after space mutagenesis, and placing the seeds into a culture container after soaking seeds, and primarily culturing until the seeds germinate;
transplanting the germinated seeds to a seedbed, and performing film-covered culture for 7-12 d;
removing the coating film, performing seedling hardening culture for 10-25 d, and spraying Shi Mucu liquid to the seedlings during the period;
and after the hardening culture is finished, transplanting the seedlings to a field, and then managing the seedling stage to obtain konjak plants.
2. The method for cultivating space-induced konjak seed according to claim 1, wherein the seed soaking treatment is carried out using an aqueous thiourea solution or a GA solution;
the mass concentration of the thiourea aqueous solution is 0.5-1.5%;
the concentration of the GA solution is 2-7 mg/L;
the seed soaking treatment time is 12-48 h.
3. The method for cultivating space-induced-konjak seed according to claim 2, wherein 1-5 layers of wet filter paper are provided in the cultivating container;
the humidity of the preliminary culture is 50-70%;
the temperature of the preliminary culture is 23-28 ℃.
4. A method of cultivating space-induced-mutation konjak seed according to claim 3, wherein the seedbed comprises a composite matrix, the composite matrix comprises peat, perlite and decomposed sheep manure, and the volume ratio of the peat, the perlite and the decomposed sheep manure is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2.
5. The method for cultivating space-induced-konjak seeds according to claim 4, wherein the humidity of the film-covered cultivation is 50-70%;
the temperature of the film-coating culture is 23-28 ℃.
6. The method for cultivating space-induced konjak seeds according to claim 5, wherein the humidity of the seedling culture is 50-70%;
the temperature of the seedling hardening culture is 10-25 ℃.
7. The method for cultivating space-induced-konjak seeds according to claim 6, wherein the wood vinegar is diluted by 200-400 times;
the spraying frequency of the Shi Mucu liquid is 2-3 times;
the frequency of the spraying Shi Mucu liquid is 5-10 d/time.
8. The method for cultivating space-induced-konjak seed according to claim 7, wherein the soil type of the field is sandy loam, and the pH value of the sandy loam is 6.5 to 7.0;
a sunshade net is arranged above the field blocks, and the shading rate of the sunshade net is 60-70%;
the seedling management comprises controlling humidity to be more than or equal to 50%.
9. The method for cultivating space-mutagenized konjak seed according to claim 8, wherein said seedling management comprises applying a compound microbial fertilizer;
the application frequency of the compound microbial fertilizer is 5-10 d/time;
the compound microbial fertilizer contains N element and P element 2 O 5 、K 2 O and organic matter;
the content of N element in the compound microorganism bacterial fertilizer is 2-10%;
p in the compound microbial fertilizer 2 O 5 The content of (2-10 percent);
k in the compound microbial fertilizer 2 The content of O is 5-15%;
the content of organic matters in the compound microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 45%;
the compound microbial fertilizer also contains bacillus subtilis and/or bacillus megaterium;
the viable count of bacillus subtilis in the compound microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g;
the viable count of bacillus megatherium in the compound microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g;
the compound microbial fertilizer is applied after being diluted by water;
the dilution multiple of the dilution is 400-600 times;
the application times of the compound microbial fertilizer are 2-3 times.
10. The cultivation method of space-mutagenized konjak seed according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said space-mutagenized konjak seed is obtained by a method comprising the steps of:
dehydrating konjak seed to ensure 8-12% of water loss;
packaging the dry seeds to enable the dry seeds to be in a vacuum drying state;
carrying out low-temperature treatment on the dry seeds in a vacuum drying state;
finally, space mutagenesis treatment is carried out to obtain konjak seed after space mutagenesis;
the temperature of the low-temperature treatment is 4-8 ℃;
the time of the low-temperature treatment is 5-10 d.
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