CN111742729A - Method for rapid propagation of high-quality tomato seedlings - Google Patents
Method for rapid propagation of high-quality tomato seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN111742729A CN111742729A CN202010629597.1A CN202010629597A CN111742729A CN 111742729 A CN111742729 A CN 111742729A CN 202010629597 A CN202010629597 A CN 202010629597A CN 111742729 A CN111742729 A CN 111742729A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly propagating high-quality tomato seedlings, which comprises the following steps: firstly, cultivating a cutting stock plant; when the seedlings show the first inflorescence, preparing bud picking and cutting; collecting cutting seedlings at a position 0.6-0.8cm above the first lateral bud generation node, and dividing the seedlings into three parts: and (3) carrying out cutting cultivation on regenerated seedlings after classified collection on top bud cutting seedlings, middle side bud cutting seedlings and side bud cutting seedlings with roots. According to the invention, one-seed multi-seedling is realized by a mode of cutting off the young seedlings in the bud stage of the tomatoes into branches and then regenerating the lateral buds, the seedling cost can be directly reduced, and the seedling aligning rate and the strong seedling rate of the regenerated seedlings are both higher than 95%, so that the method can be applied to the industrial seedling raising practice of the tomato seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a seedling production method which can be applied to rapid and high-quality propagation of high-quality and high-price tomato seedlings.
Background
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is annual or perennial of Solanaceae (Solanaceae) genus LycopersiconGrass (Haw) The plantIt originates from Andes mountain area in south America and is a kind of warm vegetable. The record of the cultivation of ornamental crops in the Qing Dynasty is recorded in China, the edible vegetables are cultivated in suburbs in the early 20 th century, the edible vegetables are rapidly developed after the 50 th century, the edible vegetables gradually become the vegetables with the maximum yield in China, and the annual yield is about 5500 ten thousand tons and accounts for about 7 percent of the total amount of the vegetables.
Due to the fact that the tomato cultivation history in China is short, the related work of tomato breeding starts late, and the breeding of high-quality varieties is relatively behind developed countries such as Israel, the Netherlands, the United states and the like. The market research on the price of tomato seeds shows that the price of imported small tomato seeds is generally 0.3-6 yuan/grain, while the price of domestic tomato seeds is only 0.05-0.1 yuan/grain, which is different by 3-120 times, although the price of imported tomato seeds is expensive, the imported tomato seeds are still popular with producers due to the characteristics of strong disease resistance, high yield, good quality and the like; meanwhile, in order to obtain good income, most commercial tomato producers can choose out-of-season cultivation, seedling cultivation is carried out in unsuitable seasons, the quality of seedlings is difficult to guarantee, more and more planters choose to purchase commercial tomato seedlings in order to guarantee yield, specialized seedling companies are born at the same time, but the seedlings are generally higher than seeds in price, and the cost of the producers is increased.
In order to solve the problem, under the condition that the domestic tomato breeding level cannot be immediately improved, the tomato lateral branch has strong germination capacity and the lateral branch can be cut to regenerate into seedlings, strong lateral branches are often selected from production plants to be cut into seedlings in production and are used for practical application of seedling supplement or stubble replacement production, and the tomato seed seedling cost can be reduced to a certain extent. However, the method is difficult to be popularized and applied in a large area because of the difficulty in on-demand, standardized and industrialized production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior problems, the invention aims to provide a method for quickly propagating high-quality tomato seedlings. According to the invention, one-seed multi-seedling is realized by a mode of cutting off the young seedlings in the bud stage of the tomatoes into branches and then regenerating the lateral buds, the seedling cost can be directly reduced, and the seedling aligning rate and the strong seedling rate of the regenerated seedlings are both higher than 95%, so that the method can be applied to the industrial seedling raising practice of the tomato seedlings.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for rapid propagation of high-quality tomato seedlings comprises the following steps: firstly, cultivating a cutting stock plant; when the seedlings show the first inflorescence, preparing bud picking and cutting; collecting cutting seedlings at a position 0.6-0.8cm above the first lateral bud generation node, and dividing the seedlings into three parts: and (3) carrying out cutting cultivation on regenerated seedlings after classified collection on top bud cutting seedlings, middle side bud cutting seedlings and side bud cutting seedlings with roots.
Wherein, the cultivation of the cutting stock plant and the cutting cultivation of the cutting seedling can adopt a conventional method.
Before the cutting seedlings are collected, needed materials can be prepared, such as a greenhouse, alcohol, scissors, a cutting seedling temporary storage box, a seedling raising plug tray, a seedling raising substrate and the like.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, the specific steps for cultivating the cutting mother plant are as follows: soaking purchased imported tomato seeds in normal-temperature water for 10 minutes, fishing out the seeds, continuously stirring the seeds in 50-55 ℃ water, keeping the water temperature for 15-30 minutes, fishing out the seeds, putting the seeds in cold water to remove waste heat, then soaking the seeds for 4-5 hours at normal temperature, wrapping the seeds with gauze, accelerating germination in a 30 ℃ constant temperature box, taking out the seeds every day, and washing off metabolic substances generated in the germination process of the seeds with clear water until the seeds germinate; sowing the germinated seeds in a plug tray, controlling the temperature of a seedling raising facility at 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, and controlling the air humidity before seedling emergence to be more than 80% and weak light; the cotyledon is unfolded, and when the true leaves start to grow, the illumination gradually returns to normal; replenishing water in due time before three leaves and one heart; 30 and 40 days after sowing, spraying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer diluent as a leaf surface additional fertilizer once in the morning of sunny days to culture strong seedlings, and when the seedlings begin to appear in the first inflorescence, beginning to prepare bud picking and cuttage.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, the plug tray is a 50-hole plug tray.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, the seedling substrate in the plug tray is a mixture of grass peat, vermiculite and perlite, and the mass ratio of the grass peat: vermiculite: perlite is 1:1:1, water content is 70%.
Wherein, the seedling substrate can adopt the formula, and can also adopt the conventional formula in the prior art.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, the low-light illumination is 3000-20000 lx, and the illumination after the normal recovery is 20000-20000 lx.
As the preferred technical scheme of this application, cut off the seedling at 45 degrees angles when gathering the cuttage seedling.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, during cuttage, firstly, the seedlings are placed into 50-150mg/L rooting powder solution to be soaked for 15-60 seconds, then, the seedlings are inserted into a plug tray with a matrix, placed into a seedbed, and covered by a micro-film floating surface.
As the preferred technical scheme of the application, when the buds are picked and cut, the original seedling tray hole tray with the cutting seedlings with the lateral buds on the roots is placed back to the original seedbed.
As the preferable technical scheme of the application, the cutting cultivation comprises humidity control and disease prevention, fertilizer and water management, illumination management and temperature management.
As the preferable technical scheme of the application, when the cutting branch seedling survives and 2-3 true leaves grow, the leaves below the lateral bud are subtracted, and 150-200mg/L auxin is sprayed once.
The invention adopts the method of bud picking and cutting, a leaf is left on the cutting seedling, mainly because nutrient substances such as carbohydrate, nitrogen compound and the like are important energy sources for maintaining the life of the cutting seedling before rooting and are indispensable substances for rooting and growing of the cutting seedling, the leaf is a main organ for photosynthesis, and the photosynthesis of the leaf can provide sufficient substances such as sugar, protein and the like for the rooting of the cutting shoot, thereby promoting the rooting and survival of the cutting shoot. In the cutting process, the amount of leaves left in the cutting has certain influence on cutting rooting, and whether the cutting leaves obviously influences the survival rate of the cutting and the growth of a root system.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the advantages of concentrated representation that the cost of the seedlings can be reduced compared with the seedling raising of the seeds, the seedling aligning rate and the strong rate of the seedlings can be better ensured compared with the common cutting seedling raising, and the invention is convenient for large-scale and intensive seedling raising. Firstly, in the invention, one seed can be changed into 3-4 seedlings, and the cost of the seedlings is reduced by 33-67 percent by adding the management cost (calculated according to average 0.1 yuan/plant) required by lopping cuttage, thus greatly reducing the cost of the seedlings; on the other hand, the tomato seedlings in the seedling stage with fast budding are bud-transplanted, so that the regeneration rate can be improved as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the quality of the regenerated seedlings to the greatest extent, batch marketing of the seedlings can be realized, and the sale time can be prolonged; the method has the advantages that the method realizes the reduction of the cost of the tomato seedlings on the premise of quality guarantee by regenerating the high-quality and high-price tomato seedlings in the seedling stage, is simple to operate, has high seedling rate, seedling aligning rate and strong seedling rate, is easy to popularize and apply in professional seedling raising enterprises, can benefit the seedling raising enterprises and tomato planters, and can be popularized and applied in the Yangtze river basin and even the whole country.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tomato seedling;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the main process of a method for rapid propagation of high quality tomato seedlings;
wherein, 1-terminal bud; 2-middle lateral bud; 3-lateral bud with root; 4-growing point; 5-first inflorescence; 6-true leaves; 7-lateral bud; 8-incision A; 9-incision B; 10-fruiting root.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are regarded as conventional products which can be purchased in the market.
In the delta area of the Yangtze river, in order to improve the income of tomato planting, tomato production mainly has three major crops, one is spring cultivation in advance, the other is autumn cultivation after delay, and the third is sunlight greenhouse overwintering cultivation, but no matter which crop is, the suitable seedling raising time is not always in low temperature and weak light, namely high temperature and high humidity, which increases the great difficulty for cultivating high-quality tomato seedlings, in order to catch up with the crop cultivation and guarantee the production benefit, a plurality of tomato producers choose to directly purchase commodity seedlings, in a plurality of tomato main production areas, specialized seedling enterprises mainly based on seedling production are gradually formed, on the premise of guaranteeing the seedling quality, how to reduce the seedling production cost is realized, the company and the producers win-win, and the method is the direction of many seedling enterprises. According to the invention, one-seed multi-seedling is realized by a mode of cutting off the young seedlings in the bud stage of the tomatoes into branches and then regenerating the lateral buds, the seedling cost can be directly reduced, and the seedling aligning rate and the strong seedling rate of the regenerated seedlings are both higher than 95%, so that the method can be applied to the industrial seedling raising practice of the tomato seedlings.
Example 1
1, cultivating a cutting stock plant: the method comprises the steps of firstly soaking purchased imported tomato seeds in normal-temperature water for 10 minutes, fishing out the imported tomato seeds, continuously stirring the imported tomato seeds in 50-55 ℃ water, keeping the water temperature for 15-30 minutes, fishing out the imported tomato seeds, placing the imported tomato seeds in cold water to remove waste heat, then soaking the imported tomato seeds for 4-5 hours at normal temperature, wrapping the imported tomato seeds with gauze, accelerating germination in a 30 ℃ constant-temperature box, taking out the imported tomato seeds every day, washing the imported tomato seeds with clear water to remove metabolic substances generated in the germination process of the imported tomato seeds, and basically and completely sprouting the imported tomato seeds after 5. Sowing the germinated seeds in 50-hole plug trays, wherein the seedling substrate is mixture turf: vermiculite: perlite is 1:1:1, the water content is about 70% (namely the perlite can be conglobated by holding with hands without obvious water dripping), the temperature of a seedling raising facility is controlled to be 28-30 ℃ in the daytime, 18-20 ℃ at night, the air humidity before seedling emergence is controlled to be more than 80%, and the perlite is dim (3000-20000 lx); the cotyledon is unfolded, when the true leaf begins to grow, the illumination gradually returns to normal (20000-; before three leaves are in one heart, the fertilizer is not needed to be supplemented, and only the water is supplemented in due time according to the weather and the water content of the matrix (50 percent), and the matrix on the surface layer is kneaded and dispersed by hands. About 30 and 40 days after sowing, 800 times of diluent of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer (NPK16-16-16) can be sprayed once in the morning of sunny days to serve as foliage dressing to cultivate strong seedlings, and when the seedlings begin to appear in the first inflorescence (about 50 days at normal temperature and 3-4 obvious knots), bud picking and cuttage are started to be prepared.
2, material preparation: preparing a temperature-adjustable facility greenhouse which is enough for placing cutting seedlings, 75% alcohol, scissors, a sealable foam box (when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, a frozen ice bag needs to be prepared), a watering pot, 50-150mg/L rooting powder solution (Weifang Meide Biotech limited), 50-hole plug trays, sufficient cutting medium (the proportion and the humidity are the same as the seedling culture medium) and a microfilm (the thickness of 1 silk).
3, bud picking and cuttage: disinfecting scissors with 75% alcohol, collecting cutting seedlings (shown as figure 1-I) at a position of 0.6-0.8cm above a first side bud generation node at an angle of 45 degrees, cutting middle side buds (shown as figure 1-II and III) and 4-5 cm long top buds (shown as figure 1-IV) at an angle of 45 degrees, respectively placing the cut middle side buds and the 4-5 cm long top buds into different foam boxes (2 persons can be matched with each other at the position), timely scattering proper amount of water onto the branches when one box of branches is full, covering the branches so that the branches keep fresh and alive (placing frozen ice bags at high temperature), and placing an original seedling raising plug tray with root side buds back to an original seedbed; the collected lateral buds are placed near a seedbed to be subjected to cuttage in a classified mode, 2 persons are matched, one person puts one trimmed lateral bud into a 50-150mg/L rooting powder solution to soak for 30 seconds (the solution is only needed to immerse the lateral bud below the lateral bud), then another person inserts the lateral bud into a prepared 50-hole plug tray with a matrix (stems are inserted into the matrix for 1.5-2.5 cm), the seedbed is required to be placed in time when the plug tray is full of the lateral bud, the floating surface is covered by a microfilm, the transitional water loss of the cuttage seedlings is prevented, and the seedling recovering period is shortened. And after all branches are completely cut, a bactericide (such as chlorothalonil and streptomycin) is applied once, and then the cutting seedlings are completely sealed by using a microfilm so as to keep humidity and avoid withering. (see fig. 2).
4, cultivating cutting seedlings:
moisture control and disease prevention: due to the respiration effect, transpiration effect and the like of the cutting seedlings, after the floating surface is covered, a layer of obvious water mist can be formed on the microfilm after 1-3 hours according to the environmental temperature, and water drops can be formed within 24-36 hours, so that the surface turning is carried out on the third day after the cutting (the surface turning can be carried out on the second day when the humidity is too high) to remove condensed water, and bactericides for preventing and controlling fungi and bacterial diseases, such as chlorothalonil, streptomycin/amioda and zhongshengmycin, are sprayed once, and pesticides can be properly added (the microfilm is covered after the pesticides are properly aired) according to the conditions of the seedlings. The bactericide is applied once every two days by combining film turning and condensed water removal, and 2-3 bactericides can be mixed and then alternately used. After 6-7 days, when the cutting seedling begins to grow new roots, the periphery of the microfilm is ventilated, the microfilm is removed at night in 8-9 days, and the microfilm is gradually removed in the daytime in 10-11 days. If partial cuttage seedlings in the periphery wither, the cuttage seedlings which do not survive around or partially can be buffered for a little time by means of hole tray position changing, apron adding, partial covering and the like; after the cutting seedling survives, the pest control can be prolonged to 3-5 days.
Managing fertilizer and water: after the cutting seedlings survive and the floating surface is uncovered, fertilizer and water are needed to be flexibly supplemented according to the growth vigor of the cutting seedlings. The method can be generally used for spraying the diluted fertilizer water (managing the cultivation of the same cutting stock plant) on the leaf surfaces every other week in the morning of fine days according to the weather conditions and the growth vigor of the cutting seedlings.
Illumination management: in the process of rooting the branches, direct irradiation of sunlight is avoided as much as possible, the illumination intensity can be adjusted by using a sunshade net, only scattered light (3000-20000 lx) with certain intensity needs to be kept, after the cuttage seedlings survive, the illumination intensity is gradually enhanced, strong light irradiation at noon is avoided, and conventional management is carried out.
Fourthly, temperature management: within 0-5 days after cuttage, the suitable temperature is not higher than 30 ℃ in the daytime and not lower than 16 ℃ at night. And after the survival of the cutting seedlings in 6-10 days, carrying out normal management.
And others: removing base leaves of the cutting seedlings: when the cutting seedling survives and 2-3 true leaves grow, the leaves below the lateral bud (the leaves of the top bud are not needed to be removed in the cutting process) can be cut off, and 150-200mg/L auxin (such as 'Bibao' produced by the environmental biotechnology of agroforestry, agriculture and forestry, GmbH, Germany) is sprayed once to promote the growth of the new leaves and the robustness of the plant.
The top bud generally grows into a seedling first, the seedling is generally grown from cuttage to bud emergence for 25-30 days (4-5 leaves and one heart), the regeneration seedling of the lateral bud with the root generally needs 40-45 days (4-5 leaves and one heart), and the regeneration seedling of the lateral bud in the middle generally needs 45-50 days (4-5 leaves and one heart). That is, it takes about 50 days for one tomato seed to become one tomato seedling, and 25-50 days for one tomato seedling to become 3-4 regenerated tomato seedlings. After the planting comparison of the regenerated seedlings and the seedlings, the results show that the yield and the quality of the regenerated seedlings have no obvious difference from those of the seedlings, and the method can be applied to the rapid propagation production of high-price high-quality seedlings.
The invention adopts the seedling method of lateral bud cuttage propagation in seedling stage, can better control the size of the lateral bud, under the same management condition, the tomato seedling regenerated by the lateral bud has higher uniformity and strong seedling rate, and the time for seedling culture and lateral bud regeneration seedling can be reversed in a controllable environment according to market demands, the regenerated tomato seedlings are produced in batches and put on the market, and the cost of the seeds in the tomato seedlings can be reduced by 67-75%. The method can be used as a income innovation entry point of an industrial seedling raising enterprise, and can also provide tomato seedlings with high quality and low price for more tomato growers.
The invention carries out classified management on the cut side buds, the bottom side buds with roots and the top buds, is beneficial to the off-peak marketing of tomato seedlings, prolongs the marketing time, ensures the quality of the tomato seedlings during shipment and reduces the seedling production risk of seedling companies.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapid propagation of high-quality tomato seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, cultivating a cutting stock plant; when the seedlings show the first inflorescence, preparing bud picking and cutting; collecting cutting seedlings at a position 0.6-0.8cm above the first lateral bud generation node, and dividing the seedlings into three parts: and (3) carrying out cutting cultivation on regenerated seedlings after classified collection on top bud cutting seedlings, middle side bud cutting seedlings and side bud cutting seedlings with roots.
2. The method for rapid propagation of high-quality tomato seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that the seedlings are cut at an angle of 45 degrees when cutting seedlings are collected.
3. The method for rapid propagation of high-quality tomato seedlings according to claim 1, wherein during cuttage, the tomato seedlings are firstly put into 50-150mg/L rooting powder solution to be soaked for 15-60 seconds, then the tomato seedlings are inserted into a plug tray with a matrix, put into a seedbed and covered by a micro-membrane floating surface.
4. The method for rapid propagation of high quality tomato seedlings according to claim 1, wherein when the cutting seedlings survive and 2-3 true leaves grow, the leaves under the lateral buds are subtracted, and 150-200mg/L auxin is sprayed once.
5. The method for rapid propagation of high-quality tomato seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps for cultivating the cutting mother plants are as follows: soaking purchased imported tomato seeds in normal-temperature water, fishing out, preserving heat in 50-55 ℃ water for 15-30 minutes, removing waste heat, soaking for 4-5 hours at normal temperature, and accelerating germination in a constant-temperature box; sowing the seeds in seedling raising tray after germination, controlling temperature, illumination, water and fertilizer, controlling humidity and preventing diseases, and preparing for bud picking and cutting when the seedlings begin to have the first inflorescence.
6. The method for rapid propagation of high-quality tomato seedlings according to claim 2, wherein the seedling raising plug is a 50-hole plug.
7. The method for rapid propagation of high-quality tomato seedlings according to claim 2, wherein the seedling substrate in the plug is a mixture of grass peat, vermiculite and perlite, and the mass ratio of grass peat: vermiculite: perlite =1:1:1, water content 70%.
8. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the low-light illumination is 3000-20000 lx, and the illumination after recovering normal is 20000-.
9. The method for rapid propagation of high quality tomato seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, during picking and cutting, the original seedling tray with the cutting seedlings with lateral root buds is placed back to the original seedbed.
10. The method for rapid propagation of high-quality tomato seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the cutting cultivation comprises moisture control and disease prevention, fertilizer and water management, light management and temperature management.
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| CN112189518A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-01-08 | 厦门如意种苗高科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation method for improving tomato seedling resistance |
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Application publication date: 20201009 |