CN111386985A - Method for grafting and raising cotyledon-free small-age tomato - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for grafting and raising cotyledon-free small-age tomatoes, which comprises the steps of stock and scion cultivation, management after sowing, grafting, management after grafting and management after grafting survival. The method can improve the uniformity of the seedlings before grafting, obtains the grafted seedlings with consistent specifications, robustness and strong resistance, and improves the grafting efficiency and the survival rate of the grafted seedlings, so that the grafted tomato seedlings obtained by the method have high survival rate and excellent quality, meanwhile, the method adopts a rock wool plug/block seedling raising mode and a uniform seedling raising means which is easy to operate, facilitates the management of the grafted seedlings after field planting, and is also suitable for the batch production of the grafted seedlings of cotyledon-free young tomato.

Description

Method for grafting and raising cotyledon-free small-age tomato

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for grafting and seedling of cotyledon-free small-age tomatoes.

Background

Tomato is an indispensable vegetable in people's life, and in recent years, due to limited cultivated land resources, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and serious continuous cropping, in the tomato planting process, diseases and insect pests are increasingly serious, and the healthy development of the tomato industry is seriously influenced. But by grafting the variety with strong resistance, grafted seedlings with disease resistance, insect resistance and continuous cropping resistance can be cultivated, the occurrence of tomato diseases and insect pests is effectively prevented, meanwhile, the nutrient absorption capacity of the root system can be enhanced, the tomato quality and yield are improved, and the tomato grafting and seedling raising trend is great. The traditional tomato grafting technology mainly adopts a cleft grafting technology and then uses a grafting clamp for fixing. But the graft mortality rate is high due to the fact that some places in daily management are not managed in place, such as disinfection, temperature and humidity, ventilation management and the like. In addition, the grafted tomato seedlings have the problems of uneven sizes, low uniformity, weak seedlings and the like, and the management difficulty of the grafted seedlings after field planting is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems of low survival rate, poor quality (low uniformity) and difficulty in large-scale cultivation of the grafted seedlings of the cotyledon-free young tomato, the invention provides a grafting seedling method of the cotyledon-free young tomato, which can effectively solve the problem.

The method selects the rootstock and the scion variety, selects the scion variety with stable character, good taste and high yield, such as golden crown pears, beautiful pears 601, imperial crowns 16, golden ringlets, Imperial concubine, Honghui 69, red love, gaffee, Huangguan III, black pearl II and the like, and simultaneously selects the wild tomato with high affinity and strong stress resistance with the scion variety as the rootstock, such as the rootstock 150, Aunie and the like. The rootstock and the scion seed can be purchased from Shanghai and breed Limited company.

In the cultivation steps of the rootstock and the scion, because the tomato seeds are small, machine sowing is adopted during large-scale seedling cultivation, the speed is high, and the efficiency is high. If the seeds are germinated first and then sown after exposure to the white, large-scale sowing can not be realized by the sowing machine because the seeds after germination are damaged. The invention adopts a mode of sowing first and then accelerating germination, and can realize large-scale sowing of the sowing machine.

The seedling raising material used for sowing the seeds mainly comprises rock wool plugs soaked with nutrient solution with EC1.5 and pH5.5, and vermiculite after disinfection treatment; the rock wool plugs and a small amount of vermiculite are matched for seedling culture, and when nutrient solution is irrigated to seedlings before grafting, the water content in the rock wool plugs can be controlled according to the soaking time of the rock wool plugs in the nutrient solution, so that the growth vigor of plants is regulated. Therefore, large-scale regulation and control of seedling culture management can be realized, and even timely regulation can be performed according to the EC value, the pH value and the real-time data condition of the water culture nutrient solution, so that automation and large-scale seedling culture in the whole process can be realized.

In the management step after sowing, the seedlings can be graded for multiple times, and the scions and the stocks are graded according to the same time and the same standard; such as the following way: after sowing for 7 days, growing out the second true leaf, and separating the seedlings; the first-level seedling has 120 holes, and the third-level seedling has 240 holes. The processing mode can grade the stocks and the scions with the same growth vigor, batch grafting can be carried out according to seedlings with different grades during later grafting, and seedlings with low grades are grafted for a few days later, so that the sizes of the grafted seedlings in each batch are consistent during grafting, and the uniformity of the cultured seedlings is high.

In the grafting process, the scion is grafted when two leaves and one core are adopted, the time from sowing to grafting is short, the seedling ages of the scion and the stock are small, and the healing is quick. Meanwhile, the healing chamber sprays the seedling raising chamber once with water before the grafted seedlings are placed, and the humidity in the healing chamber is improved.

In the step of post-grafting management in the present invention, it is preferable to open the vent from the top of the healing chamber when the grafted seedling is ventilated.

In the step of management after grafting survival, the following processing mode is adopted, namely double heads are left: 2 true leaves are left, and then the head is removed; when the true leaf buds grow larger, in order to ensure that the true leaf double-head growth vigor is consistent, a part of the true leaves corresponding to the strong-growth leaf buds is cut off. The corresponding directions of the two true leaves are the directions corresponding to the double heads, and the directions of the seedling heads on each side are consistent during later planting; the double heads with the same growth vigor need to be cultivated, and the true leaves need to be trimmed according to the growth vigor of the double heads. Thus effectively ensuring the uniformity of seedling culture.

The method can cultivate high-quality grafted seedlings on a large scale, obtains the robust grafted seedlings with consistent specifications, improves the uniformity of the seedlings before grafting, and improves the grafting efficiency and the survival rate of the grafted seedlings, so that the tomato grafted seedlings obtained by the method have high survival rate, excellent quality and good uniformity; meanwhile, a rock wool plug/block seedling raising mode and a uniform seedling raising means which is easy to operate are adopted, so that the management after the grafted seedlings are planted is facilitated, and the method is also suitable for batch production of grafted seedlings of cotyledon-free young tomato. The method is not limited by time and is suitable for cultivating various tomato variety grafted seedlings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of seedling division management, in which it can be seen that the sowing and seedling division scale degree is high.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A method for grafting and raising cotyledon-free young tomato seedlings comprises the following steps:

in the step of S1,

selection of varieties: selecting 2 wild tomatoes with high affinity with scion varieties and strong stress resistance as rootstocks, 150 rootstocks and Aunie; selecting 11 scion varieties with stable characters, good taste and high yield, such as golden crown pears, beautiful 601, crown 16, golden ringlets, imperial concubine, Honghui 69, linghong, brilliant concubine, Huangguan No. three, black pearl No. two and Huangxiao; in the step of S2,

preparing seedling raising materials: sterilizing vermiculite for later use; putting the 240-hole whole-disc rock wool plug into a nutrient solution (the nutrient components are shown in the table below) with the EC1.5ms/cm and the pH5.5 for soaking for later use;

in the step of S3,

cultivation of rootstock and scion:

(1) and (3) determining the sowing time: the scions are generally 45-50 days before seedling supply according to the planting date; the stock is sowed one day ahead of the scion. The stock is sown in 2018, 8, 10 and the scion variety is sown in the next day.

(2) Sowing: one seed was put in each rock wool, and then a layer of vermiculite was sprinkled with a thickness of 3mm and the number of seeds sowed was as shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1 number of scions and rootstocks seeded

Code of scion variety	Amount of scion planted (grain)	Code of scion variety	Amount of scion planted (grain)
				Golden-crown pear	300	Colorful concubine	300
Beauty 601	150	Yellow crown No. three	150
				Crown 16	300	Black pearl No. two	150
Golden bell	150	Small yellow	300
				Lifei	300	Rootstock 150	1800
Red glow 69	150	Aoni	350
				Love red	150

(3) Accelerating germination in a germination accelerating room: after seeding, the seeds are moved into a germination accelerating room, and the temperature and the humidity of the germination accelerating room are kept at 24 ℃ and 90 percent. And after exposure, timely moving out of the germination room, moving to a seedbed, marking the stock and the scion variety, and distinguishing and separately placing. The weight of each 240-hole plate is controlled to be 1.6-2.2kg, when the weight is less than 1.6kg, the spraying machine is used for spraying, and the EC is controlled to be about 1.2.

Step S4, post-seeding management:

(1) and (3) pest control: the propamocarb 1000-fold liquid is used for preventing and treating diseases; 600 times of imidacloprid solution is used for preventing and controlling whitefly.

(2) And 7 days after sowing, growing out the second true leaf and carrying out seedling division. The first-level seedling has 120 holes, and the third-level seedling has 240 holes. The germination rates of the rootstock and the scion are shown in table 2. The seedling division management is schematically shown in the attached figure 1, and the sowing and seedling division large-scale degree is high.

TABLE 2 rootstock and scion germination rates

Variety of scion	Seeding quantity (grain)	Amount of sprouting (granule)	Bud ratio
				Golden-crown pear	300	294	98％
Beauty 601	150	147	98％
				Crown 16	300	300	100％
Golden bell	150	146	97％
				Lifei	300	291	97％
Red glow 69	150	147	98％
				Love red	150	140	93％
Colorful concubine	300	282	94％
				Yellow crown No. three	150	144	96％
Black pearl No. two	150	144	96％
				Small yellow	300	294	98％
Stock	Planting amount (granule)	Amount of sprouting (granule)	Bud ratio
				Rootstock 150	1800	1746	97.00％
Aoni	350	344	98.30％

Step S5, grafting:

(1) preparing before grafting: preparing grafting tools such as a blade, 75% alcohol, a console and a grafting clip. And (4) according to the workload, carrying out rootstock and scion treatment in batches.

(2) Grafting: when tomato seedlings are grafted, the stem thickness is about 1.5mm, the seedling stage is about 13 days, and the stem thickness of the scions and the stock is preferably consistent. When grafting, the blade is sterilized by 75% alcohol, and is obliquely cut from bottom to top at an angle of 30-45 degrees. The height of the cut rootstock is about 1.5-2cm away from the base of the stem, and the height is kept consistent as much as possible. The scions were cut at the same angle and were approximately 1cm below the cotyledons. After the rootstock is cut, a grafting clip with the stem diameter of 1.4/1.6mm is selected, and the grafting clip is placed from the side of the cut rootstock, so that the rootstock cut is prevented from being damaged. And (4) spraying a little clear water on the grafted seedlings by using a kettle, and transferring the grafted seedlings into a healing room as soon as possible to prevent water loss and wilting.

Step S6, management after grafting:

(1) and (3) heat preservation: the temperature is 18-21 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, when the temperature of the healing room is too high and the seedling leaves are wilted, the plastic film can be lifted from the top to cool, and water is sprayed on the wilted seedlings at the same time.

(2) And (3) moisturizing: the relative humidity of the healing room is kept at 99% in the first three days, and the moisture preservation is based on the condition that the cotyledons do not wither.

(3) Shading light: shading within 2-3 days after grafting, and properly uncovering the inner layer shading net on the 4 th day to increase illumination, which is beneficial to healing of grafting wounds and enhancing the immunity and healing capacity of seedlings. However, when the seedling leaves are wilted, the sunshade net should be covered in time. After 4 days, the illumination can be slowly increased, the inner sunshade net can be removed on the 5 th day, the outer sunshade net can be removed on the 6 th day, and then the healing condition of the wound still needs to be observed until the wound is completely healed, and the success of grafting is not calculated. The survival number and survival rate of the grafts are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 survival number and survival rate of grafts

Variety of scion	Grafting amount (plant)	Stock	Amount of survival	Survival rate of grafting
					Golden-crown pear	295	Rootstock 150 and Aoni	291	98.6％
Beauty 601	146	Rootstock 150	146	100.0％
					Crown 16	300	Rootstock 150 and Aoni	298	99.3％
Golden bell	141	Rootstock 150	136	96.5％
					Lifei	286	Rootstock 150	286	100.0％
Red glow 69	147	Rootstock 150	147	100.0％
					Love red	133	Rootstock 150	132	99.2％
Colorful concubine	279	Rootstock 150	278	99.6％
					Yellow crown No. three	115	Rootstock 150	113	98.3％
Black pearl No. two	136	Rootstock 150	135	99.2％
					Small yellow	297	Rootstock 150	297	100.0％

Step S7, management after grafting survival:

(1) transplanting to rock wool blocks: the seedlings were transplanted into rockwool blocks after 1 week of ventilation, and the rockwool blocks were completely soaked with a nutrient solution of EC3.0, ph5.5 before transplantation. During the transfer, the cotyledons are carefully oriented along the diagonal of the rockwool panel.

(2) Leaving two heads: 2 true leaves are left, and then the head is removed; when the cotyledon leaf bud grows larger, the cotyledon and the cotyledon double-end need to be removed in order to ensure the vegetative growth of the true leaf double-end.

(3) And (3) pest control: preparing a nutrient solution with EC1.5 and pH5.5 containing 800 times of propamocarb hydrochloride during grafting, and putting rock wool plugs of the stock into the nutrient solution for soaking to prevent damping-off; after the seedlings are transplanted to rock wool blocks, yellow and backboard boards are inserted into the seedbed to prevent and control the trialeurodes vaporariorum and thrips.

According to the method, the robustly grafted seedlings with consistent specifications are obtained, the uniformity of the seedlings before grafting is improved, the grafting efficiency and the survival rate of the grafted seedlings are improved, and the tomato grafted seedlings obtained by the method are high in survival rate, excellent in quality and good in uniformity; meanwhile, a rock wool plug/block seedling raising mode and a uniform seedling raising means which is easy to operate are adopted, so that the management after the grafted seedlings are planted in a fixed mode is facilitated, and the method can be used for culturing high-quality cotyledon-free young tomato grafted seedlings in a large scale.

It should be noted that the technical contents described above are only explained and illustrated to enable those skilled in the art to know the technical spirit of the present invention, and therefore, the technical contents are not to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made based on the spirit of the present invention should be considered to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for grafting and seedling raising of cotyledon-free young tomato comprises the steps of stock and scion cultivation, management after sowing, grafting and management after grafting, and is characterized in that the stock and scion cultivation adopts the following steps:

(1) and (3) determining the sowing time: the scions are planted 45-50 days before seedling supply according to the planting date; the stock is sowed one day ahead of the scion;

(2) sowing: putting 240-hole whole-disc rock wool plugs into a nutrient solution with EC1.5 and pH5.5 for soaking in advance; putting one seed in each rock wool, and then spraying a layer of vermiculite with the thickness of 2-5 mm;

(3) accelerating germination in a germination accelerating room: after sowing, moving the seeds into a germination accelerating room, and keeping the temperature of the germination accelerating room at 20-26 ℃ and the humidity at 90-92%; after exposure, timely moving out of the germination room, moving to a seedbed, marking the stock and the scion variety, and distinguishing and separately placing; the weight of each 240-hole plate is controlled to be 1.6-2.2kg, when the weight is less than 1.6kg, the spraying machine is used for spraying, and the EC is controlled to be 1.2-1.3.

2. The method for grafting and seedling of cotyledon-free young tomato as claimed in claim 1, wherein the management after sowing comprises the following steps:

(1) and (3) pest control: the propamocarb 1000-fold liquid is used for preventing and treating diseases; the 600-time imidacloprid liquid is used for preventing and controlling whiteflies;

(2) after sowing for 7 days, growing out the second true leaf, and separating the seedlings; the first-level seedling has 120 holes, and the third-level seedling has 240 holes.

3. The method for grafting and growing the cotyledon-free young tomato seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grafting comprises the following steps:

when tomato seedlings are grafted, the stem thickness is about 1.5mm approximately, the seedling stage is about 13 days, and the stem thickness of the scions and the stock is preferably consistent; when grafting, the blade is sterilized by 75 percent alcohol, and is obliquely cut from bottom to top at an angle of 30-45 degrees; the height of the cut rootstocks is about 1.5-2cm away from the base of the stem, and the height is kept consistent as much as possible; when cutting the scions, the scions are also obliquely cut at the same angle, and the height is about 1cm below the cotyledons; after cutting the rootstock, selecting a grafting clip with the stem diameter of 1.4/1.6mm, and placing the grafting clip from the side of the cut rootstock to prevent the rootstock cut from being damaged; and (4) spraying a little clear water on the grafted seedlings by using a kettle, and transferring the grafted seedlings into a healing room as soon as possible to prevent water loss and wilting.

4. The method for engrafting seedling of cotyledon-free young tomato as claimed in claim 1, wherein the post-engrafting management comprises the steps of:

(1) and (3) heat preservation: the temperature is 18-21 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, when the temperature of the healing room is too high and the seedling leaves are wilted, the plastic film can be lifted from the top to cool, and water is sprayed on the wilted seedlings at the same time;

(2) and (3) moisturizing: keeping the relative humidity of the healing room at 99% in the first three days, and keeping the moisture on the basis of no wilting of cotyledons;

(3) shading light: shading within 2-3 days after grafting, and properly uncovering the inner layer shading net on the 4 th day; after 4 days, the illumination can be slowly increased, the inner layer sunshade net can be removed on the 5 th day, the outer layer sunshade net can be removed on the 6 th day, and the wound healing condition is observed.

5. The method for grafting seedling of cotyledon-free young tomato as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of management after grafting survival, wherein the step of management after grafting survival is as follows:

(1) transplanting to rock wool blocks: transplanting the seedlings to rock wool blocks after ventilating for 1 week, and completely soaking the rock wool blocks with a nutrient solution with EC3.0 and pH of 5.2-5.5 before transplanting; during the transfer, the direction of the true leaf is along the diagonal of the rockwool block.

(2) Leaving two heads: 2 true leaves are left, and then the head is removed; when the true leaf buds grow larger, in order to ensure that the true leaf double-head growth vigor is consistent, a part of the true leaves corresponding to the strong-growth leaf buds is cut off.

(3) And (3) pest control: preparing a nutrient solution with EC1.5 and pH5.5 containing 800 times of propamocarb hydrochloride during grafting, and putting rock wool plugs of the stock into the nutrient solution for soaking to prevent damping-off; after the seedlings are transplanted to rock wool blocks, yellow and backboard boards are inserted into the seedbed to prevent and control the trialeurodes vaporariorum and thrips.

Images