CN114946434A - Grafting seedling method for tomato seedlings without cotyledon on rootstocks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a grafting seedling method of tomato seedlings without cotyledons on stocks, which comprises the following steps: step S1, selecting stock varieties; step S2, selecting scion varieties; step S3, accelerating germination and sowing, simultaneously seeding the stock and the scion, and selecting flat disc for close sowing; step S4, grafting, namely, after sowing, flattening the cotyledon and grafting when the true leaf is exposed; step S5, maintaining after grafting; and step S6, performing temporary planting and seedling exercising. The invention advances grafting time, saves seedling raising space, reduces grafting wounds, ensures that tissues are tender and fast healed, and does not generate the problem that the quality of seedlings is influenced by false survival and the like caused by adventitious roots.

Description

Grafting seedling method for tomato seedlings without cotyledon on rootstocks

Technical Field

The invention relates to a grafting seedling method of tomato seedlings without cotyledon on stocks in tomato grafting seedling culture.

Background

The second major vegetable crop in the tomato world, second only to potatoes, is one of the major solanaceous vegetables grown worldwide. The global cultivation area exceeds 500 million hectares, and the cultivation area in China reaches 100 million hectares. The tomato cultivation period is often subjected to abiotic stresses such as low temperature, drought and salt stain and biological stresses such as plant diseases and insect pests, and the improvement of yield and quality is restricted. The tomato grafting cultivation has the characteristics of good plant growth vigor, strong photosynthetic capacity, strong stress resistance, obvious reduction of disease incidence and disease index of soil-borne diseases and the like, and the capability of the tomato plant for resisting abiotic and biotic stress can be effectively improved, the water and fertilizer absorption is promoted, the plant growth and development are improved, and the yield and the quality are improved by adopting the stock variety with strong stress resistance and good growth vigor and the high-yield scion variety for grafting cultivation. At present, the cultivation area of the Korean and Japanese tomato grafted seedlings respectively reaches 25 percent and 40 percent of the total cultivation area, the cultivation area of the tomato grafted seedlings in developed countries of Europe and America is 97 percent, the tomato grafted cultivation in China also occupies a large area, and the popularization area is increased year by year.

The main methods for grafting the tomato include cleft grafting, approach grafting, sticking grafting and sleeve grafting. The cleft grafting method is simple to operate and is suitable for grafting thick and large rootstocks. The inarching method has high survival rate, but the grafting process is complicated, the labor cost is high, the grafting position is low, and the disease prevention effect is not ideal. The joint part of the insertion method is far away from the ground, so that the pollution of the ground to the grafted seedlings is avoided, and the disease prevention effect is good. The grafting method is simple to operate, high in grafting quality, good in disease prevention effect and wide in range of suitable vegetables. The sleeve grafting method is simple to operate, has high grafting speed, can well keep moisture around the interface, prevents invasion of pathogenic bacteria, is beneficial to wound healing, improves the grafting survival rate, and is suitable for small seedlings.

The following two problems are present in all grafting methods of tomato:

1. rootstock and scion are planted simultaneously, two tomato seedlings are planted when one tomato grafted seedling is produced, and when the seedling number is large, the seedling space and the production cost of fertilizer, pesticide, seedling matrix, management labor and the like are greatly occupied.

2. The stock scion is grafted when being planted to four leaves and one heart, the time from grafting to seedling formation is short, the joint is large, rapid healing is not facilitated, false survival caused by adventitious roots is easy to generate, and the like, so that the quality of the nursery stock is affected.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a grafting seedling method of tomato seedlings without cotyledons on stocks, and solves the problems in the background technology.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:

a grafting seedling method for tomato seedlings without cotyledons on rootstocks comprises the following steps:

step S1: rootstock variety selection

Selecting corresponding tomato stock varieties according to different regions and different requirements.

Step S2: selection of scion varieties

The scion is selected to be suitable for local climate, and the disease resistance is stronger and the affinity with the stock is strong.

Step S3: accelerating germination and sowing

Simultaneously seeding the stock and the scion, soaking the stock and the scion in warm water which is 3-4 times of the amount of the seeds and is 50-55 ℃, continuously stirring the mixture to 30 ℃, soaking the seeds for 6-8 hours, taking out the seeds, drying the seeds properly, wrapping the seeds with a wet towel, carrying out temperature-changing germination acceleration in an incubator at 20 ℃ for 8 hours and 28 ℃ for 16 hours, and sowing the seeds in white after 48 hours. And (3) sowing the rootstocks or the scions on a flat disc with the diameter of 540 multiplied by 280mm, wherein 800-1000 rootstocks or scions are sowed on each flat disc, and grafting is prepared about 10 days after sowing.

Step S4: grafting

Grafting when cotyledon is flattened after sowing and true leaves are exposed, and spraying with 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil and 3000 times of 0.01% brassinolide one day before grafting. The grafting adopts a sleeve grafting method, and a special sleeve with the inner diameter of 0.2 cm is selected and cut to be 0.5 cm long. When grafting, firstly, a stock is pulled out from a flat disc, a blade is used for downwards cutting along a 30-degree angle below cotyledons, a sleeve is sleeved on the stock, a scion is also used for downwards cutting along a 30-degree angle below the cotyledons, and the scion section is inserted into the sleeve and is aligned with and tightly attached to the stock section.

Step S5: post-grafting maintenance

And (3) placing the grafted seedlings in a foam box with wet paper at the bottom, covering 1.5 mulching films for moisturizing and maintaining, wherein the temperature at night is 18-22 ℃, the temperature in daytime is controlled between 25-30 ℃, and the seedlings can be heeled in after 48 hours.

Step S6: training seedling after planting

The well-maintained tomato grafted seedlings are temporarily planted in the 72-hole plug tray, and 85% of sunshade net is covered on the top of the greenhouse to shade. And curing for 1-2 days under the sunshade net to remove the normal management of the sunshade net. After 2 weeks, the seedlings can be planted in the field.

Preferably, the tomato stock varieties are root-vigorous No. 3, sweet osmanthus stock No. 3 and plate stock No. 18.

Preferably, the scion variety is Maria, Talai, Kaisan.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: flat-plate sowing is adopted, grafting is carried out below the cotyledon of the stock after about 10 days of sowing, the grafted stock is placed into a foam box with wet paper at the bottom, 1.5 mulching films are covered for moisture preservation and maintenance, the temperature at night is guaranteed to be 18-22 ℃, the temperature in daytime is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, the grafted stock can be fixedly planted in a 72-hole tray after 48 hours, and shading maintenance is carried out under a shading net for 1-2 days, so that the shading net can be removed and normally managed until seedlings are formed. The problems that two tomato seedlings need to be planted when each grafted tomato seedling is produced, the space for seedling culture and the production costs of fertilizers, pesticides, seedling culture matrixes, labor for management and the like are greatly occupied are solved by adopting flat-plate sowing and field planting; the seedling grafting is carried out 10 days after the sowing, so that the problems that the joint is large, the quick healing is not facilitated, the generation of adventitious roots is easy, the false survival is caused, and the like, which affect the quality of the nursery stock, are solved.

The technical scheme solves the problems that (1) stock and scion need to be planted simultaneously, two tomato seedlings need to be planted when one tomato grafted seedling is produced, and when the seedling number is large, the seedling space is greatly occupied, and the production costs of fertilizer, pesticide, seedling matrix, management employment and the like are increased. (2) The grafting is carried out when the stock scion is planted to four leaves and one heart, and the problems that the time from grafting to planting is short, the joint is large, rapid healing is not facilitated, false survival caused by adventitious roots is easy to occur, and the like affect the quality of nursery stocks exist.

The technical scheme of the application adopts the measures that the stock scions are simultaneously sowed on the flat base plate, the grafting time is shortened in advance, the grafting wound is reduced, the stocks do not have matrix soil and a foam box is used for moisturizing and maintaining, and the like, so that the two technical effects are achieved, the measures are based on the thick sowing of the stock scions, and the short section is used for saving the seedling culture space from the sowing to the grafting time; the tender and quick healing of the small tissue of the grafting wound is realized; the stock does not have matrix soil, so that the maintenance space is saved; the foam box is used for moisturizing and maintaining, so that the requirement on the maintenance environmental condition is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a diagram of tomato seedlings sowed on a flat plate in the scheme.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the stocks and scions to be grafted according to the present protocol.

Fig. 3 is a diagram of a tomato seedling plant just grafted in the scheme 1.

Fig. 4 shows the tomato seedlings just grafted according to the scheme 2.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of the well-maintained seedling.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a traditional cannulated graft with cotyledons.

Fig. 7 is a diagram of a traditional sleeve grafted tomato seedling.

Fig. 8 is an indefinite root map of a grafting opening of a traditional sleeve grafted tomato seedling.

Detailed Description

For better understanding of the present invention, the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to describe the present invention in further detail, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any changes and modifications based on the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.

Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

Example 1 grafting of rootstock tomato seedlings without cotyledon

Step S1: rootstock variety selection

In south areas, the bacterial wilt is serious due to high temperature and high humidity; tomato root rot easily occurs in northern areas when the ground temperature is low; root-knot nematodes in old vegetable gardens are seriously damaged; corresponding rootstocks are selected according to different requirements. The grafting method can only select tomato stocks and is not suitable for Toolubam stocks. The varieties are as follows: root-bark 3, cinnamon anvil 3 and plate anvil 18.

Step S2: selection of scion varieties

The scion is selected from varieties which are adaptive to local climate and have stronger disease resistance and strong affinity with the rootstock, such as: maria, Talai, Kaisa, etc.

Step S3: accelerating germination and sowing

Simultaneously seeding the stock and the scion, soaking the stock and the scion in warm water which is 3-4 times of the amount of the seeds and is 50-55 ℃, continuously stirring the mixture to 30 ℃, soaking the seeds for 6-8 hours, taking out the seeds, properly drying the seeds, wrapping the seeds with a wet towel, carrying out temperature-changing germination acceleration in an incubator at 20 ℃ for 8 hours and 28 hours and carrying out white exposure seeding on the seeds after 48 hours. And (3) sowing by using a flat-bottom disc (as shown in figure 1), sowing 800-1000 rootstocks or scions in each disc, and preparing for grafting about 10 days after sowing.

Step S4: grafting

After sowing, the cotyledon is flattened and the true leaf is exposed, grafting is carried out, and 75% of chlorothalonil 800 times liquid and 0.01% of brassinolide 3000 times liquid are sprayed one day before grafting. The grafting adopts a sleeve grafting method, and a special sleeve with the inner diameter of 0.2 cm is selected and cut to be 0.5 cm long. During grafting, a stock is pulled out on a flat plate (as shown in figure 2), a blade is used for downwards cutting the lower part of a cotyledon along an angle of 30 degrees, a sleeve is sleeved on the stock, a scion (as shown in figure 2) is also used for downwards cutting the lower part of the cotyledon along an angle of 30 degrees, and a scion section is inserted into the sleeve and is aligned and tightly attached to a stock section.

Step S5: post-grafting maintenance

And (3) orderly placing the grafted seedlings (shown in figures 3 and 4) into a foam box with wet paper at the bottom, covering 1.5 mulching films for moisturizing and maintaining, wherein the temperature at night is kept at 18-22 ℃, the temperature in the daytime is controlled at 25-30 ℃, and the seedlings can be temporarily planted after 48 hours.

Step S6: training seedling after planting

The well-maintained tomato grafted seedlings are temporarily planted in the 72-hole plug tray, and 85% of sunshade net is covered on the top of the greenhouse to shade. And curing for 1-2 days under the sunshade net to remove the normal management of the sunshade net. After 2 weeks, the seedlings can be planted in the field (the mature seedlings are shown in figure 5).

Example 2 grafting and seedling raising of conventional canula

Step S1: selecting the rootstock: selecting wild tomatoes which have good affinity and strong stress resistance and do not change the quality of the tomatoes as rootstocks;

step S2, preparation of substrate: the adopted matrix is grass carbon, perlite, vermiculite and organic fertilizer, and is prepared by stirring according to the proportion of 8: 3: 2: 1, and 200g thiram is added in the stirring process;

step S3, cultivation of rootstock and scion:

(1) and (3) determining the sowing time: the stock is soaked 50 days and 60 days before seedling supply in summer and winter respectively according to the planting date; the scions are sown 3-5 days earlier than the stocks in summer and winter;

(2) accelerating germination:

stock scion germination acceleration: carrying the soaked seeds to dry, spreading the seeds on a wet towel, attaching the wet towel, putting the seeds in an automatic thermostat for accelerating germination, wherein the accelerating germination temperature is 8h20 ℃, 16h30 ℃ until 80% of seeds are exposed white, and cleaning the seeds for 1 time every day;

(3) sowing:

directly broadcasting the white stock scion seeds in a flat bottom disc for storing a matrix, keeping the seeds not overlapped, covering 1 cm-thick vermiculite after sowing, uniformly watering, separately planting the seeds in a 72-hole plug disc filled with the matrix when heart leaves grow out, shading 3 days after the separate planting, and then carrying out daily management;

step S4, grafting:

the grafting method comprises the following steps: when the height of the rootstock plant is 10-20 cm and the leaves are 4-5, the height of the scion plant is 6-8 cm and the leaves are 3-4 for grafting (as shown in figure 6). By using a cutting and grafting method, firstly, a blade is used for obliquely cutting a knife from about 5cm of the overground part of the stock, the redundant part of the stock is removed, the oblique cutting plane is 0.8-1 cm, the angle of the cutting plane is 30 degrees, a scion is obliquely cut downwards at 2cm below 2 main leaves, the length of the cutting plane is consistent with that of the stock cutting plane, the cut of the cut scion is inserted into a transparent plastic pipe, then the cut of the stock and the corresponding scion inclined plane are correspondingly inserted into a rubber pipe, and the two cutting planes are fully matched by forced extrusion;

step S5, management after grafting:

(1) and (3) heat preservation: the temperature after grafting is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 20-22 ℃ at night. After 3 days, starting a small amount of ventilation when the air humidity is high in the morning and evening, healing the wound after 1 week, gradually increasing the ventilation quantity, recovering the normal temperature management, keeping the temperature at about 25 ℃ in the daytime, and not lower than 15 ℃ at night;

(2) and (3) moisturizing: covering the greenhouse with a plastic film, keeping the relative humidity higher than 85%, and normally managing after 10 days, wherein the humidity is controlled to prevent leaf wilting;

(3) shading light: shading light within 2 days after grafting, receiving scattered light or weak light after 2 days, slowly increasing illumination after 4 days, and entering normal management after 10 days;

(4) smearing lateral buds: timely removing lateral buds growing on the rootstock after the grafting survives;

(5) managing after survival: according to the conventional management method of tomatoes (grafted tomato seedlings are shown in figure 7);

comparison of the present invention (example 1) with the conventional Sleeve grafting method (example 2)

	Grafting of seedlings without cotyledon	Grafting of traditional cannula
			Time of raising seedlings	45d	50d
Occupied space	Square meter 21.56 square meters per million plants	43.12 square meter per million plants
			Seedling raising substrate	0.03 Yuan/strain	0.06 Yuan/strain
Fertilizer pesticide	0.05 Yuan/strain	0.1 yuan/strain
			For workers	0.12 Yuan/strain	0.15 Yuan/strain
Adventitious root	Does not generate	Is easy to generate
			Speed of grafting	2000 strains/day/person	1500 strains/day/person

In conclusion, the invention adopts flat-plate sowing and field planting to solve the problems that two tomato seedlings need to be planted when each tomato grafted seedling is produced, the seedling culture space and the production costs of fertilizer, pesticide, seedling culture matrix, management labor and the like are greatly occupied, the seedling culture time is shortened from the original 50 days to 45 days (the wound healing time is shortened from 1 week to 2 days), the floor area is reduced from the original 43.12 square meters per ten thousand plants to 21.56 square meters per ten thousand plants, the cost of the required fertilizer and pesticide is reduced from the original 0.1 yuan per plant to 0.05 yuan per plant, and the labor cost is reduced from the original 0.15 yuan per plant to 0.12 yuan per plant; the seedling grafting is carried out 10 days after the sowing, so that the problems that the joint is large, the quick healing is not facilitated, the false survival is easily caused by the generation of adventitious roots (as shown in figure 8) and the quality of the seedlings is influenced are solved.

Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. A grafting seedling method for tomato seedlings without cotyledons on rootstocks is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1: rootstock variety selection

Selecting corresponding tomato stock varieties according to different regions and different requirements.

Step S2: selection of scion varieties

The scion is selected to be suitable for local climate, and the disease resistance is stronger and the affinity with the stock is strong.

Step S3: accelerating germination and sowing

Simultaneously seeding the stock and the scion, soaking the stock and the scion in warm water which is 3-4 times of the amount of the seeds and is 50-55 ℃, continuously stirring the mixture to 30 ℃, soaking the seeds for 6-8 hours, taking out the seeds, drying the seeds properly, wrapping the seeds with a wet towel, carrying out temperature-changing germination acceleration in an incubator at 20 ℃ for 8 hours and 28 ℃ for 16 hours, and sowing the seeds in white after 48 hours. And (3) sowing the rootstocks or the scions on a flat disc with the diameter of 540 multiplied by 280mm, wherein 800-1000 rootstocks or scions are sowed on each flat disc, and grafting is prepared about 10 days after sowing.

Step S4: grafting

After sowing, the cotyledon is flattened and the true leaf is exposed, grafting is carried out, and 75% of chlorothalonil 800 times liquid and 0.01% of brassinolide 3000 times liquid are sprayed one day before grafting. The grafting adopts a sleeve grafting method, and a special sleeve with the inner diameter of 0.2 cm is selected and cut to be 0.5 cm long. When grafting, firstly, a stock is pulled out from a flat base, a blade is used for downwards cutting along a 30-degree angle below a cotyledon, a sleeve is sleeved, a scion is also used for downwards cutting along a 30-degree angle below the cotyledon, and a scion section is inserted into the sleeve and is aligned with and tightly attached to a stock section.

Step S5: post-grafting maintenance

And (3) placing the grafted seedlings in a foam box with wet paper at the bottom, covering 1.5 mulching films for moisturizing and maintaining, wherein the temperature at night is 18-22 ℃, the temperature in daytime is controlled between 25-30 ℃, and the seedlings can be heeled in after 48 hours.

Step S6: training seedling after planting

The well-maintained tomato grafted seedlings are temporarily planted in the 72-hole plug tray, and 85% of sunshade net is covered on the top of the greenhouse to shade. And curing for 1-2 days under the sunshade net to remove the normal management of the sunshade net. After 2 weeks, the seedlings can be planted in the field.

2. The grafting seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the tomato stock varieties in step S1 are root-vigorous No. 3, sweet osmanthus stock No. 3 and plate stock No. 18.

3. The grafting seedling method of claim 1, wherein the scion variety in step S2 is Maria, Talai, Kaisa.

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