CN114698514A - Cultivation method suitable for thin-skin muskmelon with vine climbing first and vine hanging later - Google Patents
Cultivation method suitable for thin-skin muskmelon with vine climbing first and vine hanging later Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method suitable for thin-skinned melons and capable of climbing vines first and then hanging vines, wherein a first vine of melon is remained at the 10 th-15 th section of a branch vine, a second vine of melon is remained at the 20 th-25 th section of the branch vine, and the vine hanging and pruning mode is adopted after the second vine of melon is seated for about 10 days, so that when the second vine of melon begins to swell, the first vine of melon basically swells, and the situation that nutrients are strived between the two vines is avoided. The ground temperature is higher, so that the first batch of melons can be early planted, mature and appear on the market, the fruit uniformity is higher, the premature senility of melon plants can be avoided by further adopting a vine hanging and pruning mode, the fruit harvesting period is prolonged, and the fruit yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method suitable for thin-skin melons to climb vines first and then hang vines, which is mainly used for production of the thin-skin melons in a protected area and belongs to the technical field of vegetable production.
Background
The thin-skin melon has crisp and sweet fruits, unique flavor and rich nutrient substances, and becomes a high-grade melon and fruit which is deeply welcomed by consumers. In recent years, with the improvement of melon planting benefit, the thin-skin melon planting area of a protected area is rapidly expanded. In production, fruit setting, early maturing and uniformity of the thin-peel muskmelon are the key points for ensuring high-yield, high-efficiency and simplified cultivation of the thin-peel muskmelon industry. Because the ground temperature is obviously higher than the air temperature, the production of the thin-skin muskmelon generally adopts a vine climbing cultivation mode, so that the muskmelon can appear on the market as early as possible. However, the climbing pruning method mainly has the following problems: because the thin-skin melon has high planting density and mainly sits on the seed vines or the grand vines, the vine climbing and pruning mode is not beneficial to lighting and ventilation of plants, the early senescence of the leaves of the thin-skin melon plants is easy to occur in the later growth stage, and the fruit yield and the quality of the melons are reduced rapidly.
In order to overcome the adverse factors of the climbing vine cultivation mode, the invention also discloses a vine hanging and pruning mode in production. However, because the temperature in the air is low, the female tendrils are late in differentiation and inconsistent in differentiation time, the fruit of the melons is delayed in marketing time and reduced in uniformity, and the melons cannot be marketed in advance, so that the planting benefit of the melons is greatly reduced. Therefore, the simple vine hanging and pruning mode is not suitable for the production of the thin-skin muskmelon in the protected area.
CN202011102101.1 also discloses a melon net climbing type cultivation method, which comprises the steps of seedling cultivation, steel frame greenhouse construction, cultivation land preparation, field planting cultivation, field management and harvesting. The method is implemented in a single arched greenhouse, and the climbing net is utilized to realize the growth of the melon vines and fruits from the ground to the space growth, thereby overcoming the defect of ground climbing type melon cultivation. However, the steel frame greenhouse needs to be constructed, which is troublesome, and the advantages of climbing vines and hanging vines cannot be taken into consideration.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method suitable for the thin-skin melon with the tendrils climbing first and hanging later. According to the invention, the first batch of melons are remained at the 10 th to 15 th sections of the seed vines, the second batch of melons are remained at the 20 th to 25 th sections of the seed vines, and the vine hanging and pruning mode is adopted after the second batch of melons are seated for about 10 days, so that the first batch of melons are basically and completely swelled when the second batch of melons begin to swell, and the two batches of melons are prevented from competing for nutrients. Because the ground temperature is higher, the first batch of melons can be early planted, matured and listed in the market, the fruit uniformity is higher, the premature senility of melon plants can be avoided by further adopting a vine hanging and pruning mode, the fruit harvesting period is prolonged, and the fruit yield is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a cultivation method suitable for thin-skin muskmelons with tendrils climbing and hanging tendrils first comprises seed soaking, germination accelerating, seeding, seedbed management, field planting, management after field planting and harvesting, and is characterized in that the management after field planting adopts a mode of using sub-tendrils as main tendrils and pruning single tendrils, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) pinching when the main vine 4 or 5 has 1 true leaf and promoting the growth of the subsidiary vine;
2) adopting a single-vine pruning mode, reserving a robust subsidiary vine at the lower part of the 4 th or 5 th main leaf, removing the rest subsidiary vines from the base part, adopting a vine climbing pruning mode in the early stage, utilizing female pollination of the grand vines to sit melons, and reserving 3-4 melons at the 10 th-15 th sections of the subsidiary vines;
3) timely topping the young vines when the young vines grow to 28-30 sections, reserving 2-3 second-crop melons at the 20-25 sections, and completely removing the rest three vines;
4) and (3) after the second batch of melons sit for 8-12 days, a vine hanging and pruning mode is adopted, so that when the second batch of melons begin to expand, the first batch of melons are basically expanded, and the situation that nutrients are strived for between the two batches of melons is avoided.
Furthermore, five layers of greenhouse films are adopted for covering after field planting, namely, a sunlight greenhouse with good heat preservation and light transmission performance is selected as a cultivation facility, two small arched sheds and the greenhouse are closed after field planting, and two films in the greenhouse are sealed at the same time, so that the space temperature and the ground temperature are improved, and the root system development and the plant growth of the melon seedlings are facilitated.
Further, the water and fertilizer management after planting is as follows: watering thoroughly after seedling delay, and watering water before flowering 7-10 days before flowering; after the melons are seated, applying a compound fertilizer along with water when the melons grow to the size of the walnuts; then determining whether fertilizer adding and drip irrigation are needed according to the growth vigor of the seedlings; the substrate is kept moist in the melon swelling period to avoid too dry, and excessive water supply which is excessive and easily causes melon cracking is avoided; stopping watering 7-10 days before the melon is mature to improve the melon quality.
The invention has the technical effects that: the invention adopts a cultivation method of climbing vines first and then hanging vines, a first melon is left at the 10 th to 15 th sections of the vines, a second melon is left at the 20 th to 25 th sections, and the second melon is planted for about 10 days and then is trained and pruned by adopting a vine hanging and pruning mode, so that when the second melon begins to be swelled, the first melon is basically swelled, and the two melons are prevented from competing for nutrients. The ground temperature is higher, so that the first batch of melons can be early planted, mature and appear on the market, the fruit uniformity is higher, the premature senility of melon plants can be avoided by further adopting a vine hanging and pruning mode, the fruit harvesting period is prolonged, and the fruit yield is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing of the climbing cultivation in the early stage of plant growth in the mode of climbing tendrils first and then hanging tendrils according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a vine hanging cultivation picture in the middle and later growing period of a plant in a vine climbing and vine hanging mode according to the invention;
fig. 3 shows the first-crop melon setting condition of the invention in the mode of climbing vines first and then hanging vines.
Detailed Description
The cultivation method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art.
In 2021, in spring, the muskmelon breed "Lubao" was planted in the winter greenhouse in the winter pavilion in the Weifang city. The sowing period is 1 month and 20 days in 2021, the field planting period is 2 months and 25 days in 2021, the cultivation density is 2000 plants/mu, and the three modes of climbing cultivation, vine hanging cultivation and climbing-first-then-vine hanging cultivation are adopted for comparison respectively.
Example 1:
1. seed soaking: putting the seeds into a gauze bag, soaking the seeds for 20-30 minutes by adopting warm water at 55 ℃, and killing pathogenic bacteria carried on the surfaces of the seeds;
2. accelerating germination: wrapping the soaked melon seeds with sterilized wet gauze, and accelerating germination in a constant temperature box at 28 ℃ for 12-16 hours until the melon seeds are exposed to the white color, and sowing;
3. sowing: sowing commercial melon seedling raising organic substrates, and sowing the exposed seeds in a plug tray with 50 or 60 holes, wherein 1-2 seeds are sowed in each hole; covering a layer of substrate on the surface of the seeds; spraying carbendazim solution and then covering a preservative film for moisture preservation;
4. seedbed management: the temperature of the seedbed is controlled to be about 28 ℃ in the daytime so as to facilitate seedling emergence; removing the preservative film in time after seedling emergence, controlling the temperature at about 22 ℃ and the humidity between 40% and 50% in the daytime, preventing overgrowth into high-foot seedlings, hardening the seedlings by ventilation, and preventing damping-off; before planting, increasing ventilation volume, and hardening seedlings;
5. planting: planting when the melon seedlings grow to have two leaves and one center, preparing soil and making beds before planting, wherein the width of each bed is 120cm, the height of each bed is 25cm, the space between the beds is 70cm, two rows are planted in each bed, the plant spacing is 30cm, covering a layer of mulching film on each bed, and watering in time after planting;
6. managing after planting:
1) covering five layers of greenhouse films: the cultivation facility selects a sunlight greenhouse with good heat preservation and light transmission performance, the two small arched sheds and the greenhouse are closed immediately after planting, and two films in the greenhouse are sealed at the same time to improve the space temperature and the ground temperature, so that the growth of root systems and the plant growth of the muskmelon seedlings are facilitated;
2) the branch pruning method adopts the subsidiary vines as main vines and adopts the single vine pruning mode: pinching when the main vine has 4 or 5 leaves and 1 heart, and promoting the growth of the subsidiary vines; a robust branch is left at the lower part of the 4 th main leaf, the other branches are removed from the base part, three pruning modes of climbing, hanging and first climbing and then hanging are respectively arranged, and the cucumber is planted by utilizing female pollination of the sun branches; 3-4 melons are reserved at the 10 th-15 th nodes of the seed vines; 2-3 second-crop melons are reserved at the 20 th-25 th nodes, the tops of the son vines are cut in time when the son vines grow to 28-30 th nodes, and the rest grand vines are all removed; after the second batch of melons are planted for 10 days, a vine hanging and pruning mode is adopted, so that when the second batch of melons begin to expand, the first batch of melons are basically expanded, the situation that nutrients are strived between the two batches of melons is avoided, and the yield and the quality of fruits are improved;
3) and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering thoroughly after seedling delay, and watering water before flowering 7-10 days before flowering; after the melons are seated, when the melons grow to the walnut size, applying water and fertilizer, and applying 10kg of high-quality compound fertilizer (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3:1:2) per mu; then determining whether fertilizer adding and drip irrigation are needed according to the growth vigor of the seedlings; the substrate is kept moist in the melon swelling period to avoid too dry, and excessive water supply is avoided to cause melon cracking; stopping watering 7-10 days before the melon is ripe so as to improve the quality of the melon;
4) and (3) pest control: the thin-skin melon is easy to be attacked by powdery mildew, anthracnose, epidemic diseases, aphids, thrips and other plant diseases and insect pests, and the observation and the timely medication prevention are carried out at the early stage of the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests;
7. harvesting: the thin-skin melon has the mature period from blooming to 36-42 days, the withered and yellow leaves at the fruit stem can be used as a fruit maturity sign, when the thin-skin melon is harvested, the melon vines are cut off by scissors, the fruit stem is kept about 3 cm, and the thin-skin melon is taken out lightly to avoid scratching the surface of the melon.
The climbing cultivation picture in the early stage of plant growth in the climbing and vine hanging cultivation mode is shown in figure 1; the vine-hanging cultivation picture in the middle and later growth period of the plant is shown in fig. 2, and the melon setting condition of the first batch of melons is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from fig. 1-3: it has good growth and melon growth conditions. The income pairs of the cultivation method and the climbing and vine hanging cultivation modes are shown in the following table 1.
Climbing the place: the plants adopt a ground climbing pruning mode from field planting to fruit harvesting, and the rest modes are the same as the mode of climbing the ground first and then hanging the vines.
Hanging tendril: when the plant grows to 5-8 days, the vine hanging and pruning mode is adopted, and the rest modes are the same as the mode of climbing the ground first and then hanging the vines.
Table 1: the culture method of the invention is more profitable than the culture methods of climbing the ground and hanging tendrils
As can be seen from the table 1, compared with the vine-hanging cultivation method, the vine-climbing and vine-hanging pruning method adopted by the invention can lead the muskmelon green treasure to come into the market 5 days earlier, the average price is increased by 1.3 yuan/kg, the fruit yield is increased by 166.6 kg/mu, and the income is increased by 4584.3 yuan per mu; compared with a ground climbing cultivation mode, the fruit yield can be remarkably improved by 335.7 kg/mu, and the income per mu is increased by 1983.2 yuan. Therefore, the method adopted by the invention can improve the fruit yield, can also enable the melons to appear on the market in advance, and obviously improves the economic benefit of melon planting.
Claims (3)
1. A cultivation method suitable for thin-skin muskmelons with tendrils climbing and hanging tendrils first comprises seed soaking, germination accelerating, seeding, seedbed management, field planting, management after field planting and harvesting, and is characterized in that the management after field planting adopts a mode of using sub-tendrils as main tendrils and pruning single tendrils, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) pinching when the main vine 4 or 5 has 1 true leaf and promoting the growth of the subsidiary vine;
2) adopting a single-vine pruning mode, reserving a robust subsidiary vine at the lower part of the 4 th or 5 th main leaf, removing the rest subsidiary vines from the base part, adopting a vine climbing pruning mode in the early stage, utilizing female pollination of the grand vines to sit melons, and reserving 3-4 melons at the 10 th-15 th sections of the subsidiary vines;
3) timely topping the young vines when the young vines grow to 28-30 sections, reserving 2-3 second-crop melons at the 20-25 sections, and completely removing the rest three vines;
4) and (3) after the second batch of melons sit for 8-12 days, a vine hanging and pruning mode is adopted, so that when the second batch of melons begin to expand, the first batch of melons are basically expanded, and the situation that nutrients are strived for between the two batches of melons is avoided.
2. The cultivation method suitable for the thin-skin melon with the vine climbing and hanging is characterized in that management after planting is covered by five layers of greenhouse films, namely, a sunlight greenhouse with good heat preservation and light transmission performance is selected as a cultivation facility, two small arched sheds and a greenhouse are closed immediately after planting, and two films in the greenhouse are sealed at the same time, so that the space temperature and the ground temperature are improved, and the growth of root systems and plants of melon seedlings are facilitated.
3. The cultivation method suitable for the thin-skin melon with the tendrils climbing first and then hanging as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the water and fertilizer management after planting is as follows: watering thoroughly after seedling delay, and watering water before flowering 7-10 days before flowering; after the melons are seated, applying a compound fertilizer along with water when the melons grow to the size of the walnuts; keeping the substrate wet in the melon swelling period; stopping watering 7-10 days before the melon is ripe.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115349435A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-18 | 宿迁市绿港现代农业研究院有限公司 | Facility semi-soilless cultivation technique for planting two-crop netted melons |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115349435A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-18 | 宿迁市绿港现代农业研究院有限公司 | Facility semi-soilless cultivation technique for planting two-crop netted melons |
| CN115349435B (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2023-06-30 | 宿迁市绿港现代农业研究院有限公司 | Key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon |
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