CN102138392A - Method of cultivation frame type management in melon grafting and seedling shed - Google Patents
Method of cultivation frame type management in melon grafting and seedling shed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102138392A CN102138392A CN2010101019647A CN201010101964A CN102138392A CN 102138392 A CN102138392 A CN 102138392A CN 2010101019647 A CN2010101019647 A CN 2010101019647A CN 201010101964 A CN201010101964 A CN 201010101964A CN 102138392 A CN102138392 A CN 102138392A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- climing
- muskmelon
- seedling
- grafting
- seed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
The invention provides a method of the cultivation frame type management in a melon grafting and seedling shed. Melons do not resist soil-borne diseases and cannot be planted in a continuous cropping manner. The method comprises the following steps: taking white-seed pumpkins as rootstocks; taking melon breeds as spikes for seedling and grafting by means of peg grafting or nurse grafting or cleft grafting; performing accelerating germination and seeding, wherein graft seedlings are seeded 8 to 10 days earlier than actually grown seedlings, meanwhile, the seeding in prepared nutrition soil is carried out at different stages, and melon seedlings are grafted on the rootstocks of the white-seed pumpkins; planting not less than three melon seedlings per square meter based on the row spacing of 60cm x 58cm or 65cm x 54cm or 70cm x 50cm; punching; fertilizing; watering; inserting the seedlings; trimming branches and adjusting vines 5-20 days after the planting, removing all 8-10 sub-vines above 3-4 remained melon setting vines, leaving only one main vine and suspending the man vine through a nylon cord; performing pollination, fruit thinning as well as prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests; and harvesting melons after the melons are ripe. The method is used for planting the melons.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of muskmelon cultivation method, be specifically related to a kind of method of muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management.
Background technology:
The not anti-soil-borne disease of muskmelon (as: fusarium wilt, damping off, damping off, root rot and root-knot nematode etc.), can not plant by continuous cropping, along with a large amount of, excessive use of chemical herbicide and the extensive plantation of melon crop, chemical herbicide and soil-borne disease pathogen are more and more heavier to the harm of muskmelon.In recent years, people have recognized the more and more difficult kind of muskmelon, although market price is more and more higher, has kind of a nothing to receive a phenomenon and happen occasionally.From before three kind of two receipts, two kind of one transmitting-receiving exhibition, three kinds or four kind of one receipts till now.The low-priced wound farming of melon is not received and is more hindered farming.Therefore naked kind of muskmelon area of open country descends gradually in recent years, and people again are reluctant to take risks to gamble and have planted.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is at the not anti-soil-borne disease of above-mentioned muskmelon, can not continuous cropping the characteristics of plantation a kind of method of muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management is provided, the muskmelon of plantation is disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, picking time is long, output is high.
Above-mentioned purpose realizes by following technical scheme:
The method of muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management, this method comprises:, well developed root system strong with immunity, vigorous, low temperature resistant, the low light level and bad climate environment and do stock with the strong white seed pumpkin of muskmelon affinity grow; , taste splendid melon variety good-looking, that be fond of eating, sell well gorgeous with precocity, high yield, color of the leather done fringe, adopts to peg graft or be abutted against or the grafting of growing seedlings of the mode of cleft grafting;
At first carry out vernalization, sow then, grafting is sowed 8-10 days ahead of time than seedling, Pei Zhi nutrition soil simultaneously, interval sowing, with the grafting of muskmelon seedling to white seed pumpkin stock;
Press 50 centimetres of 58 centimetres of distance between rows and hills 60 cm x or 54 centimetres of 65 cm x or 70 cm x, every square metre is no less than three strain field planting, and a mouthful fertilizer is executed in punching, waters, and inserts seedling;
Pruning in 15-20 days after the field planting, it is climing to transfer, and the climing above 8-10 strip of enough 3-4 bar seat melons is climing all to be removed staying, and only stays that master is climing to sling with nylon rope;
Pollinate, gather after fruit thinning and the extermination of disease and insect pest, the maturation.
The method of described muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management, the nutrition soil of described preparation: 7.5 parts in the land for growing field crops soil of the no herbicide residue of selection; 2.5 parts of good horsehits become thoroughly decomposed; Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 5-6 jin/m
3, land for growing field crops soil, horsehit smashed shaker screen and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is puddled evenly, dislikes mould clever 1500 times of liquid or dislikes mould clever 600 times of liquid pouring with 56% first sulphur with 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 98%;
Described vernalization: shone in the sun 2-3 days, the pumpkin seed of handling well is placed in the 50-55 ℃ of water, constantly stir, seed is heated evenly, soaked 15-20 minute, and water temperature was reduced to 30 ℃ then, soaked about 10 hours, at last seed is pulled out in the pocket that is placed on container or makes with gauze, be placed on 28-30 ℃ and locate to carry out vernalization; During vernalization, often stir the seed that is placed in container or the pocket, so that seed fully contacts oxygen, it is fast and neat to sprout; As find seed epidermis drying, available warm water washing 2-3 time; Approximately can sprout in 35-40 hour, the seed bud that sprouts can not be long, general 3-5 millimeter.
The method of described muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management, described interval sowing: broadcast muskmelon after broadcasting white seed pumpkin earlier, between the two every 3-4 days; Pumpkin after planting, daytime, room temperature remained on 28-30 ℃, at 20-22 ℃ of night, can emerge in 4-5 days; Pumpkin began to have part arch soil in after planting 3-4 days, promptly broadcast muskmelon, and the muskmelon vernalization speed of sprouting is fast, and the bud that all sprouts from soaking seed to only needs 24 hours.Soaked seed 8 hours, and need not choose bud, other seed-soaking method and temperature treatment are identical with pumpkin, and the type of seeding of muskmelon is: the seed that will sprout is broadcast in the seedling dish uniformly by the distance of 1.5 * 1.5cm, the native 1cm that the loam cake with medicament was handled.
The method of described muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management, described with the grafting of muskmelon seedling to white seed pumpkin stock: when pumpkin grows a slice true leaf, the muskmelon cotyledon flattens, be best grafting time, the nutritive cube of pumpkin seedling is placed on the operating desk, remove growing point and axillalry bud with blade or bamboo let, become 30 ° of angles with bamboo let with vertical direction from a side direction opposite side of growing point then, tiltedly point injects 0.6-0.8cm down; From the seedling dish, choose healthy and strong muskmelon seedling then and transfer to, two cotyledons are closed up, pinch, the stem handle is placed on the forefinger, cut down to a skew back at distance cotyledon 1-1.5cm place, form the 0.6-0.8cm inclined wedge-shaped with blade with left hand thumb and middle finger; At last bamboo let is extracted, the muskmelon seedling inclined-plane of cutting is injected rapidly in the hole that bamboo let pricks down, be seated, insert real, pumpkin becomes " cross " shape with four cotyledons of muskmelon.
The method of described muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management, described field planting: the time is that general double-deck the covering comprises horticultural covering film, mulch film, in 1-5 day field planting in May; Three layers of covering comprise horticultural covering film, little shed, mulch film, in 20-25 day field planting in April; Four layers of covering comprise horticultural covering film, the canopy of the heavens or Zhong Peng, little shed, mulch film, and in 10-15 day field planting in April, potassium element can increase the sugariness of melon, and nitrogen is crossed the quality that high energy influences melon, and depth of soil preparation will reach more than 28 centimetres; Adopt field planting method behind the first overlay film; Described punching: in having covered the ridge platform of mulch film, evenly get 8 centimetres of diameters, dark about 10 centimetres hole applies special-purpose fertilizer of the muskmelon for preparing in 1: 1 ratio and biological organic fertilizer then in the hole, every hole 15-16 gram; Describedly water, insert seedling: water full water in the hole of Shi Wanfei, the rice shoot that will remove nutritive cube subsequently inserts in the hole, and handles with care, the interface in order to avoid fracture, described watering is to water an amount of water again after inserting seedling in hole, after water oozes down, seal hole, envelope hole soil will be lower than interface 2-3 centimetre.
The method of described muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management, the grafting muskmelon is faster than seedling muskmelon production rate of development, and after the field planting 15-20 days, the climing 5-6 sheet true leaf that grown of son, main climing also long to the 20-25cm height, to carry out described training this moment and transfer climing:
The climing training of son: the grafting muskmelon is generally carried out the climing training of 3-4, promptly stay 3-4 sub climing, field planting strain number more than 1800 strains, 3 climing trainings; Several 4 climing trainings or the climing weak seedling 3 climing trainings in strong sprouts 4 below 1800 of field planting strain, several strips that stay are climing to be to crawl climingly, does not hang climing;
Fixed climing: main climing first true leaf grows climing the removing of son, stay since 2 true leaves climing, plant development is thin and weak begin to stay from main the 3rd climing true leaf climing, fixed climing will carrying out when just having grown in that son is climing;
Block climing: when the climing 5-6 of the growing sheet true leaf of stay, begin to block climing, generally stay 5-6 sheet leaf.
Main climing training: main training is that the above 8-10 strip of enough seat climing 3-4 bars of melon is climing all to be removed staying, and only stays that master is climing to sling with nylon rope;
The climing training of grandson: the climing 5-6 sheet leaf that stays of son, to grow 5-6 bar grandson climing thereupon, according to plant growing way power, the climing 2-3 sheet leaf that stays of grandson is promptly strong by 2, weak 3.
The method of described muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management, grafting muskmelon first growth cycle, the female flower open hour be in 5 months, the last ten-days period, insect procreation this moment does not also enter prosperous phase, booth also is in semi-closed state, leans on insect and wind-force to be pollinated and is difficult to guarantee bearing pumpkin rate; Want to improve bearing pumpkin rate, guarantee early yield, must human intervention, carry out described pollination: comprise honeybee pollination or HORMONE TREATMENT or to flower:
Described honeybee pollination: be that the peak case is put in booth center, the booth ventilating opening will stop with gauze, prevents from honeybee to fly out canopy is outer to go back to the nest;
Described HORMONE TREATMENT: with the seat melon spirit for preparing, Main Ingredients and Appearance is than imitating precititation solution, with the female pickled cucumbers tire that micro-sprayer sprays the previous day, the same day and blooms one day after, can not repeat spray, otherwise melon, deformity melon and balsam pear can occur splitting;
Described to flower: in the morning during fine 6-8 or during cloudy 7-9, will the same day open male flower remove petal, expose style, then the contact of style is rubbed mutually with the female flower style of opening at that time, each male flower can be to 3-5 female flower.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, with the muskmelon of method of the present invention plantation to soil-borne disease (as: fusarium wilt, damping off, root rot etc.) control rate 100%, the incidence of disease is almost nil.Especially for plucking kind continuously overcast and rainy in the open and chilling injury or to water the water yield excessive, the physiological disease that rice shoot is easy to generate (as: root system necrosis, macerate root etc.) has great resistance.
2, because of the grafting well developed root system, suction, fertilizer sucting ability is strong, the stalwartness of growing, carry out the canopy formula and hang climing management, ventilation and penetrating light is good, cauline leaf is reduced 40-60% by fungi and bacterial disease (as: anthracnose, downy mildew, angular leaf spot, the eqpidemic disease etc.) incidence of disease, can grow more than 8 ℃, be not less than under 5 ℃ of situations in soil temperature and seedling death phenomenon can not occur in soil temperature.
3,, add the genetic characteristicses such as disease-resistant, strong stress resistance of self, so the plant spy is anti-ageing because graft seedling growth and posture management of water, fertilizer, gas, heat condition tool are good, and the plant strain growth environment is good.Can be extended to October 15 picking time from June 15, reaches 120 days.
4, the muskmelon of graft seedling growth of the present invention and posture management and cultivation is installed, because plant strain growth is luxuriant and picking time is long, so output is high especially, under the general cultivation management level conditions, the every mu of commodity muskmelon 8000-10000 jin of can gathering, muskmelon than the seedling plantation can increase production more than 1 times, and what managerial skills were high reaches 1.5 times.
6, the muskmelon of two technology plantation of the present invention generally has three to nourish and grow and the reproductive growth cycle.
First cycle (15-July 20 June), this naked kind of muskmelon in land in period is not listing also in order to do sth. in advance the listing phase, other large and small canopy seedling muskmelon, and color and luster, quality, mouthfeel are transferred (frame) muskmelon not as good as two.Therefore this melon valency in period moderate though (3-5 unit/jin), the listing of gathering is more concentrated, and output height (4000-4500 jin/mu) accounts for the time of infertility more than 60%, (presses the market price of past three year) between the per mu yield value 12000-15000 unit.
Second period (20-August 31 July) the naked kind of mulch film seedling raising and transplanting in land and the live muskmelon of mulch film just goes on the market period in a large number, the melon price ratio is lower, and two transfer (frame) muskmelon and gather dull season this period just, can artificially control the result, cultivate plant vegetative growth, for the period 3 high yield is layed foundation.
Period 3 (1-October 15 September) land muskmelon stops city under the garden in succession, and two transfer (frame) muskmelon soaring gradually along with the muskmelon market price, also enter the busy season of gathering thereupon.To late September price reach the peak, the market price 6-8 unit (past three year flat fare) that reaches per jin.Though period 3 muskmelon price is high, part muskmelon plant has only the plant about 60% to grow normally owing to multiple reason is withered in succession after entering second round.Even now, period 3 benefit are still very considerable, and the general output value is at 8000-10000 unit/mu.
The present invention has the remarkable economical effect, has remarkable technological progress.
All the other effects are interted record in an embodiment.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
The method of muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management, this method comprises:
One, peg graft:
(1) sowing
1, date of seeding: grafting is sowed 8-10 days ahead of time than seedling.Because of a healing stage is arranged after the grafting grafting is 7-10 days, in healing stage, almost stops growing, and therefore will do sth. in advance sowing in 8-10 days.Can fall back backward according to the field planting time and be best sowing time in 40 days.
2, preparation nutrition soil: 7.5 parts in the land for growing field crops soil of the no herbicide residue of selection; 2.5 parts of good horsehits (old sheep excrement, cow dung also can) become thoroughly decomposed; Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 5-6 jin/m
3Land for growing field crops soil, horsehit smashed shaker screen and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is puddled evenly.
3, device nutrition soil: the nutrition soil device for preparing in the nutritive cube of big 8 * 8cm, with the finger compacting, on stay one centimetre, water permeablely, the stock pumpkin is broadcast in preparation; Small part nutrition soil device seedling-cultivating tray or self-control wooden case (in 35 * 50 * 10cm), on stay one centimetre, dislike mould clever 1500 times of liquid or dislike mould clever 600 times of liquid with 56% first sulphur and water with 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 98%, be mainly used in and prevent the damping off in seedling stage.
4, vernalization: before the vernalization white seed pumpkin is placed on windowsill or the balcony, seed can not directly contact with cement windowsill or balcony, fill up newspaper, in order to avoid hinder plumule, shines in the sun 2-3 days, and main purpose is to break seed dormancy, the neat and consistent so that seed sprouts.The pumpkin seed of handling well is placed on (constantly stirring in the 50-55 ℃ of water, seed is heated evenly) soaked 15-20 minute, water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃ then, soaked about 10 hours, at last seed is pulled out in the pocket that is placed on container or makes with gauze (can not use plastic sack), be placed on 28-30 ℃ and locate to carry out vernalization.During vernalization, often stir the seed that is placed in container or the pocket, so that seed fully contacts oxygen, it is fast and neat to sprout.As find seed epidermis drying, available warm water washing 2-3 time.Approximately can sprout in 35-40 hour.The seed bud that sprouts can not be long, and general 3-5 millimeter is advisable, and bud length is unfavorable for sowing.Long for preventing bud, the seed that has just showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally can be chosen and be placed in another container, cover with wet cloth, be placed on the indoor low temperature place and practice bud.
5, sowing: broadcast muskmelon after broadcasting white seed pumpkin earlier, between the two every 3-4 days.For a short time water once with clear water again watering permeable nutritive cube before broadcasting, prick a 0.5-1cm aperture at the nutritive cube center with waddy then, the pumpkin seed bud point of vernalization is placed in the hole towards declivity, then blinding and nutritive cube top edge one flat getting final product.The sowing seedbed of pumpkin, the general employing landed bed, so that operational administrative.Pumpkin after planting, daytime, room temperature remained on 28-30 ℃, at 20-22 ℃ of night, can emerge in 4-5 days.
Pumpkin began to have part arch soil in after planting 3-4 days, promptly broadcast muskmelon.The muskmelon vernalization speed of sprouting is fast, and the bud that all sprouts from soaking seed to only needs 24 hours.Soaked seed 8 hours, and need not choose bud, other seed-soaking method and temperature treatment are identical with pumpkin.The type of seeding of muskmelon is: the seed that will sprout is broadcast in the seedling dish uniformly by the distance of 1.5 * 1.5cm, the native 1cm that the loam cake with medicament was handled.
6, grafting
(1), grafting instrument: razor, bamboo let, operating desk.Bamboo let can be made of bamboo chip or bamboo chopstick, long 10cm, and thickness one end is identical with muskmelon seedling stem, and the end is whittled into the inclined wedge-shaped of 0.6-0.8cm to a side; The other end slightly thick (0.4-0.5cm) is whittled into flat bladed, so that scratch the growing point and the axillalry bud of pumpkin seedling with it.
(2), grafting: when pumpkin grows a slice true leaf, the muskmelon cotyledon flattens, and is best grafting time.The nutritive cube of pumpkin seedling is placed on the operating desk, removes growing point and axillalry bud with blade or bamboo let, become 30 ° of angles with bamboo let with vertical direction from a side direction opposite side of growing point then, tiltedly point injects 0.6-0.8cm (being advisable not puncture stock stem skin) down; From the seedling dish, choose healthy and strong muskmelon seedling then and transfer to, two cotyledons are closed up, pinch, the stem handle is placed on the forefinger, cut down to a skew back at distance cotyledon 1-1.5cm place, form the 0.6-0.8cm inclined wedge-shaped with blade with left hand thumb and middle finger; At last bamboo let is extracted, the muskmelon seedling inclined-plane of cutting is injected rapidly in the hole that bamboo let pricks down, be seated, insert real getting final product.Pumpkin becomes " cross " shape with four cotyledons of muskmelon.
(3) management after the grafting
The grafting process is (daytime: 28-30 ℃ of high humidity (humidity 95-100%), the low light level, thermophilic; Night: 20-22 ℃) under finish.In the previous day of grafting, the nutritive cube water of sowing pumpkin is irrigated; Before not putting seedling, earlier the seedbed water is irrigated, on top put the good seedling of grafting then.The seedbed width is advisable for about one meter.The seedling that grafting is good will not be placed on the overlong time of outside with connecing with pendulum, in case dehydration is wilted.The seedling that grafting is good will add 1500 times of liquid agricultural streptomycins with pendulum with spraying water on seedling with miniaturised nebuliser in the water.Buckle plastic sheeting for farm use then, the edge is pressed tight with soil or brick, and the top covers newspaper (the 15cm printing opacity is stayed on both sides).Accomplish: with transfer, with the pendulum, with the water spray, with the button film, with shading, between each link, operation can not disconnect.On moisture management, look the humidity situation, often spray water (connecing in back 5 days) do not wilted with scion and to be advisable.Weigh the standard of humidity, the one, see and do wet instrument video data more than 95%; The 2nd, the muskmelon seedling is removed root, throw away in hut and do not wilt, and two cotyledons raise up.Humidity is most critical one ring of decision survival rate, and the moisture management emphasis is daytime, especially fine noon.There is the special messenger to be responsible for running check and processing humidity situation.After grafting first three day, under thermophilic, shading, in 30 minutes, humidity is below 95%, every reduction one percentage point, survival rate promptly reduces by two percentage points.Temperature: temperature is second important step of decision survival rate, and suitable temperature can not only improve survival rate, and can also shorten the time of wound healing, reduces the fault rate of other management links.Surpass 35 ℃ daytime, is lower than 15 ℃ night, and survival rate is descended significantly.Temperature treatment is under normal weather conditions, and rise general night falls daytime.Under the daytime fine situation, in the seedling cultivation greenhouse of not heating at noon (10-14 point) temperature also can reach more than 30 ℃, although and have newspaper to shelter from heat or light in the seedbed in, temperature also must be above more than 35 ℃, even reach more than 40 ℃.This temperature is most disadvantageous in healing, the growth of grafting, and serious can be dead scion heat.In this case, must in time lower the temperature.Cooling has three kinds of methods: (1) is not influencing in the seedbed under the humidity situation, and seedling cultivation greenhouse is opened the air port, reduces indoor temperature; (2) top, greenhouse partition is put thermal insulation quilt or straw mat; (3) short time is aeration-cooling in the seedbed, and this method (temperature is high in the bed) is not under special circumstances lacked usefulness as far as possible, because it makes humidity descend easily.No matter which kind of method of employing must be principle with the cooling moisture-retaining.At night, especially after midnight, general temperature does not all reach needed preference temperature (20-22 ℃), must regulate by heating.Night, temperature was crossed low badly, too high also unfavorable, can measure to the greatest extent and made it reach preference temperature to be advisable.Illumination: shade gets final product the little shed in seedbed with general newspaper (using the adhesive tape bonding sheet).15-20cm will be exposed in the both sides, seedbed when shading, so that rice shoot carries out photosynthesis with sidelight, promotes wound healing.After the grafting 5-6 days, in the time of a little less than morning and evening light, can throw off the thing that shades.After 7 days, can remove the thing that shades fully, and, cover again when noon, light was strong sooner or later opening the hut film.After 10 days, can throw off the hut film fully, carry out Routine Management.Grafting final-period management grafting is after 10 days, enter normal management before, fall seedling, promptly remove the remaining axillalry bud that pumpkin grows surviving seedling, put together, so that management.Final-period management is based on control water, cooling (temperature at night).For preventing rice shoot excessive growth, strict control moisture, suitably reduce the temperature at night, strengthen ventilation daytime.Moisture with noon rice shoot do not wilt and be as the criterion, promptly do not wilt and just not water.28-30 on daytime ℃ of temperature, 12-14 ℃ of night.
Two, field planting:
(1) the field planting time
The field planting time is by production facility condition and climatic environment decision.General double-deck cover (horticultural covering film, mulch film) is in 1-5 day field planting in May; Three layers of covering (horticultural covering film, little shed, mulch film) are in 20-25 day field planting in April; Four layers of covering (horticultural covering film, the canopy of the heavens or Zhong Peng, little shed, mulch film) are in 10-15 day field planting in April.No matter which floor covers, in the presence of the polar current, all straw mat or corn stalk were placed in Ying Zaixi, north side.So-called meteorological environment is meant that northeast weather is invaded and harassed by Siberia cold current and cold air often, and what especially spring, cold current and cold air were patronized is more frequent.In cold current and cold air arrive, through regular meeting abominable meteorological environment such as wet weather, strong wind and cooling appears.Therefore no matter which floor covers, we should be chosen in cold tail (cold current, cold air are about to leave away), warm head (warm air is coming), the fine morning to the field planting time.Because our Heilungkiang spring another meteorological characteristics be that " three cold, four warm " are cold three days, warm four days.We at cold tail, warm head, are the field planting selection of time because after the rice shoot field planting, seedling-slowing stage is 4-5 days, wait until that rice shoot rooted when next cold wave arrived, and enter normal growth and grow, and the ability of opposing cold current also strengthens thereupon.
(2) whole ground, fertilising, overlay film
Before the whole ground, mu is executed 4000 jin of farmyard manures, the horsehit that the fertilizer selection is become thoroughly decomposed, and sheep excrement and old cow dung are not executed or Shaoshi stable breeding pig and chicken manure as far as possible.Because the ight soil of herbivore contains potassium height, nitrogenous few, and the pig of artificial feeding, chicken manure just do not contain potassium, nitrogenous height.Muskmelon is happiness phosphorus, potassium crop, and potassium element can increase the sugariness of melon, and nitrogen is crossed the quality that high energy influences melon.After farmyard manure evenly raised out, immediately wholely.No matter be manually or the whole ground of machinery, the degree of depth all will reach more than 28 centimetres.
Behind the whole ground, before the making ridge, prepare special-purpose fertile 30 kilograms of muskmelon prescription, 40 kilograms of biological organic fertilizers (or bio-fertilizer 5 kilograms) in the place's ditch spread of ridge platform.Fertilising back making ridge overlay film.Ridge is to vertical with the booth extending direction, and promptly with the bow member direction, the ridge platform is avoided drip (line ball).The Arch frame for large green house spring base is 1.2 meters, and ridge is apart from being 60 centimetres, and spring base is that 1.4 meters ridge distance is 70 centimetres, by that analogy.
(3) field planting method
1. distance between rows and hills: 58 centimetres of 60 cm x, 54 centimetres of 65 cm x, 50 centimetres of 70 cm x.Every square metre is no less than three strains, and it is 667 square metres that every standard booth utilizes area, removes passageway and edge, and the 1800-1850 strain is counted in actual field planting strain.
2. punching, execute mouthful fertile: the grafting interface is fractureed by external force easily, therefore, generally all adopts field planting method behind the first overlay film.In the ridge platform center of having covered mulch film,, evenly to beat (bundle) and go out 8 centimetres of diameters according to certain spacing in the rows with opener or sharp wooden stick, dark about 10 centimetres hole applies the muskmelon special use fertilizer and the biological organic fertilizer that prepare in 1: 1 ratio then in the hole, and every hole 15-16 restrains.
3. water, insert seedling: water full water in the hole of Shi Wanfei, the rice shoot that will remove nutritive cube subsequently inserts in the hole, and handles with care, in order to avoid the interface that fractures.
4. water two times water, envelope hole: water an amount of water again after inserting seedling in hole, water seals hole after oozing down.Envelope hole soil will be lower than interface 2-3 centimetre, grows secondary root in order to avoid interface top muskmelon stem is met soil, penetrates in the soil, influences the grafting effect.
Three, manage after the field planting
1, heat winter protection: must be perfect before the sun on the same day sets according to the corresponding freeze prevention measure of field planting time field planting institute, this is smashed canopy (canopy of the heavens) and smashs canopy (canopy of the heavens), and this detains the little shed of button of little shed, a bit can not neglect.No matter be middle canopy (canopy of the heavens) or little shed, must after sunrise, open, on the sunset protecgulum, otherwise influence is ventilated, printing opacity, thin and weak, the excessive growth of rice shoot.For preventing that sudden cold wave from attacking, we want the indispensable precautionary measures.The mutually an amount of straw mat of preparation with good conditionsi enough encloses one week of booth; The maize straw that does not have the preparation some of condition, loosing in case of necessity is trapped among around the booth, also can play better winter protection effect.Also will prepare to fire fire pot simultaneously, promptly with the broken every canopy 5-6 of iron basin, dried corn stalks of rice, wheat, etc. is loaded onto in the inside, adds a small amount of faggot, arrive at cold wave, after midnight (1-3 o'clock) light the combustion fire pot when temperature is minimum, fire can heat, smog can be every cold, insulation.
2, ventilation: seedling had been delayed in the muskmelon field planting after 4-5 days, enter the normal growth puberty, and it is normal that the photosynthesis process also is tending towards.Spring often occurs Cold Wave Weather, for protecting the canopy temperature, booth all is in closed state, and CO2 content reduces in the canopy, does not satisfy rice shoot and carries out normal photosynthesis, and photosynthetic rate declines to a great extent, and causes plant thin and weak at last, and leaf approaches the look Huang, influences output.Therefore we should as far as possible since 8 of mornings, strengthen ventilation gradually under the prerequisite that guarantees temperature of shed (26-28 degree), close canopy up to 2 pm and heat.Ventilation most critical in the morning is because of photosynthesis of plant process 80% was finished in the morning.
3, pour seedling recovering water: watered seedling recovering water one time in 4-5 days after the field planting, can quicken rice shoot and take root, enter the normal growth phase rapidly.Method is that the fine morning is watered hole water in choosing, must not the furrow broad irrigation.
Four, the muskmelon of graft seedling growth posture management and cultivation method has three and nourishes and grows and the reproductive growth cycle.First cycle, output accounted for the time of infertility 60%, the output value accounts for 50% in order to do sth. in advance the listing phase.Period 1 field management link complexity, technical height, the amount of labour used big (account for and manage more than 80% of recruitment the time of infertility).Therefore first cycle management is good and bad, is the basis of decision good harvest in the time of infertility.
(1) training is hung climing
The grafting muskmelon is faster than seedling muskmelon production rate of development, and after the field planting 15-20 days, the climing 5-6 sheet true leaf that grown of son, main climing also long to the 20-25cm height, will pruning this moment, it is climing to transfer.
1, sub climing training: the grafting muskmelon is generally carried out the climing training of 3-4, promptly stays 3-4 son climing.Field planting strain number more than 1800 strains, 3 climing trainings; Several 4 climing trainings or the climing weak seedling 3 climing trainings in strong sprouts 4 below 1800 of field planting strain.Several strips that stay are climing to be to crawl climingly, does not hang climing.
2, fixed climing: main climing first true leaf grows climing the removing of son, stays climing since 2 true leaves.What plant development was thin and weak can begin to stay climing from main the 3rd climing true leaf.Because of first and second sheet true leaf sealing low light level does not grow, generally all depauperations, grow sub climing also a little less than, bearing melon can be not big yet.Fixed climing will carrying out when just having grown in that son is climing.
3, block climing: when the climing 5-6 of the growing sheet true leaf of stay, begin to block climing, generally stay 5-6 sheet leaf.
4, lead climing training: main training is that the above 8-10 strip of enough seat melons climing (3-4 bar) is climing all to be removed staying, and only stays that master is climing to sling with nylon rope.Hanging climing method with nylon rope is: select anti-aging nylon rope for use, duplex type is climing around the strength folder.
5, the climing training of grandson: the climing 5-6 sheet leaf that stays of son, to grow 5-6 bar grandson climing thereupon, and according to plant growing way power, Sun Manke stays 2-3 sheet leaf, and is promptly strong by 2, weak 3.
(2) pollination
Grafting muskmelon first growth cycle, the female flower open hour be in 5 months, the last ten-days period, insect procreation this moment does not also enter prosperous phase, booth also is in semi-closed state, being pollinated by insect and wind-force is difficult to guarantee bearing pumpkin rate.Want to improve bearing pumpkin rate, guarantee early yield, must the human intervention pollination.
1, honeybee pollination: with honeybee pollination is human intervention pollination mode commonly used at present.Be characterized in: pollination rate height, do not change and influence original local flavor of muskmelon, pollution-free, no hormone oxious component is residual etc.Method is that the peak case is put in the booth center, and is relatively quietly local, avoids personnel to bother as far as possible, needs farm work around the peak case, should in the morning or carry out at dusk.The booth ventilating opening will stop with gauze, prevents from honeybee to fly out canopy is outer to go back to the nest.
2, HORMONE TREATMENT: with chemical HORMONE TREATMENT is not have under the situation of honeybee, another human intervention pollination measure of being taked.Method is fairly simple, promptly with the seat melon spirit for preparing (Main Ingredients and Appearance is more grand than the imitating) aqueous solution, and the female pickled cucumbers tire that sprays the previous day, the same day and bloom one day after with micro-sprayer.Spray can not be repeated, otherwise melon, deformity melon and balsam pear can be occurred splitting.Though HORMONE TREATMENT can reach the purpose of a melon, it is subjected to natural environment (main temperature) influence bigger.When temperature is hanged down, use high concentration; When temperature is high, use low concentration.Incessantly melon of low seat is crossed in the very bad assurance of hormone-treated concentration, concentration; Excessive concentration though bearing pumpkin rate is high, balsam pear must occur easily in other words.Therefore, need us in production practices, to go to find out the optium concentration of a cover oneself preparation.Present having do not limited by temperature, and the new product that does not influence the muskmelon quality comes out, and promptly " the U.S. spirit of magnificent glad muskmelon " using method is the same.
3, to flower: to flower is more original artificial pollination mode, and its effect also is a practical human intervention pollination measure not second to honeybee pollination.People generally were reluctant to adopt this method in recent years, and its reason one is relatively to take a lot of work; The 2nd, muskmelon give birth to early stage female flower give birth to lack the difficulty of picking flowers.To the method for flower is in the morning during (fine day) 6-8 or during (cloudy day) 7-9, will the same day open male flower remove petal, expose style, the contact of style is rubbed mutually with the female flower style of opening at that time gets final product then.Each male flower can be to 3-5 female flower.
(3) fruit thinning
Late spring and early summer seasonal climate changeable, no matter take which kind of pollination mode, because climatic influences all can grow some deformities fruits, dehiscent fruit.These fruit commodity rates are very low, and we must in time dredge it in early days, expand in order to avoid influence normal melon.
(4) temperature treatment
Muskmelon optimum temperature: 28-30 ℃ of daytime, 16-18 ℃ of before midnight at night, 12-14 ℃ of the time after midnight.On 28-30 ℃ of daytime, be beneficial to photosynthesis most; Night, the conversion of before midnight 16-18 ℃ favourable photosynthetic product; After midnight 12-14 ℃ of favourable accumulation of photosynthate many, consume few.
Day temperature is too high can to reduce photosynthetic rate, and when temperature surpassed 35 ℃, photosynthetic rate obviously descended, and photosynthesis almost stops when temperature reaches 40 ℃.This is because muskmelon when carrying out photosynthesis, not only needs sufficient illumination and air (CO2), and sufficient moisture also will be arranged.Photosynthetic process is: two carbonitrides+water illumination carbohydrate.Carbonic acid gas, water, light three are indispensable.As the day temperature height, the blade evaporation discharge is big, is in wilted condition, can't carry out photosynthesis.Nocturnal temperature can not be too high, and too high metabolism is accelerated, and is unfavorable for sucrose accumulation.Generally require day and night temperature to be not less than 13 ℃, otherwise the sugariness of fruit can reduce.Therefore, after 16-18 ℃ of photosynthetic product of before midnight at night assurance transformed, dropped to 12-14 ℃ to temperature the time after midnight, and breathing and the metabolism of crop are slowed down, and are beneficial to sucrose accumulation.When the minimum air temperature outside the canopy rose to 14 ℃, booth can ventilate round the clock.But night, temperature can not be low excessively, hangs down excessively and plant a retarded growth, and pollen is immature, influences setting.
(5) water management
Muskmelon is a moisture-proof crop not, bloom, during setting such as moisture excessive, it is prosperous to cause nourishing and growing, even crazy seedling phenomenon can occur, causes incessantly melon of seat at last, empty seedling rate height; Fruit expanding period, moisture want sufficient, otherwise can influence the yield and quality of melon; Fruit comes to the ripening period after expanding, and is too high as soil water content, can have a strong impact on the sugariness and the quality of melon and fruit.Therefore we should will control two in a growth cycle, water and work as waist.
1, the water management before the setting: be meant major part (more than 80%) female flower back five days (fruit such as the egg yolk size) of pollination of blooming before the setting, this stage is wanted strict control moisture: standard be fine, noon the preference temperature blade do not beat the listless not lack of water that just is considered as; Beat listless explanation lack of water if any local blade, need pour water.Pour water and will select the fine morning, water the water of having a hearing, must not broad irrigation.Want timely ventilation dewetting after pouring water.With nourish and grow balance with reproductive growth of the regulation and control of watering, be the main purpose of water management before the setting.
2, swollen melon phase water management: the swollen melon phase be meant female flower bloom the back 5-18 days, nourish and grow during this (long seedling) and reproductive growth (seat melon) are advanced side by side, water demand ratio is bigger, fully pour water.As lack of water in this in period, not only to influence the yield and quality of muskmelon, but also deformity melon, scleroma melon and breach melon can occur.
3, variable color maturing stage water management: the variable color maturing stage is meant bloom back 18-26 days of female flower, and melon expands " enough ", beginning annesl maturation.More want strict control moisture during this, improper as control moisture, not only melon is sweetless, flesh (water thorax) melon also will occur down.
(6) sick, pest control
1, the disease of first breeding cycle: disease mainly contains downy mildew, anthracnose, bacterial angular leaf spot, virus disease etc.
2, the main insect pest of first breeding cycle: main insect pest has melon aphid, two spotted spider mite, trialeurodes vaporariorum and tetranychid etc.
(7) gather
The abundant annesl complete ripeness of muskmelon (thoroughly cooked) back sugariness and performance optimal.Early-maturing variety is from blooming back 25-26 days, and late variety 28-30 days is full ripening stage.This moment, the color and luster of gathering was beautiful, and sugariness is big, thick flavor, commodity is strong, price is high.Gather evening too early or excessively and all can influence its quality and commodity.
The field management of second breeding cycle:
(1) clear garden
The end of gathering of period 1 muskmelon will be carried out garden clearly immediately, and promptly several the knot melons of crawling are climing to cut off from base portion landing, and connects a branch band leaf and goes out clearly, and it is buried or dry and burn sterilization to concentrate on a place.
(2) fertilizing, watering
Mu is executed the special-purpose fertile 70-80 jin of muskmelon prescription and is increased potassium and dash 10 kilograms of fertilisings behind the clear garden, in conjunction with pouring water towards imposing in the soil.
(3) training is hung climing
Behind the clear garden, the climing peak of nourishing and growing that enters rapidly of the master who slings, in time pruning, it is climing to hang.
1, training
The top said, first breeding cycle sits from staying that melon seeds climing (3-4 bar) top 8-10 strip is climing all to be removed, and purpose is that the climing photosynthetic product of slinging of master is changed over to the seat melon of bottom is climing, helps fruit and expands.Fruit from plant all expands to the extreme after (enough), the master of top climing and sub climing begin to change over to nourish and grow.Pruning method is to stay 2-3 sheet leaf to block climing before the climing female flower of bundle.Different with first breeding cycle training is top sub climing do not replan prune stay climing, staying 2-3 sheet leaf to block climing before the sub climing whole female flowers that grown.
2, hang climing: after entering second breeding cycle, main overgrowing longly speeds up, in time hang climing, always till the lifting rope line.When the main climing lifting rope line that surpasses, let alone the growth of laissez-faire property, no longer pruning, it is climing to hang.
(4) fruit thinning
Second breeding cycle, up to the muskmelon production listing busy season, little shed and land melon go on the market in succession, and the market price is on the low side.Therefore, we will be according to market conditions, and how many decisions stays fruit.Because the second breeding cycle result what can have influence on growing and output of the 3rd fertility cycle plant.The result is too much as second round, and early ageing can appear in some plant, have in addition enter less than the period 3 just withered.Therefore have 40% plant enter less than second or the period 3 just withered.
(5) second breeding cycle water managements
The water management of second breeding cycle is different with the period 1.It is no longer obvious to influences such as setting, the Sheng of nourishing and growing, muskmelon qualities how many second breeding cycles pours water.Otherwise excessive control moisture can influence the normal growth of plant and grow, even early ageing.
Enter second breeding cycle, in July, the last ten-days period and August go up, the middle ten days, all kinds of just insects procreations peak period, though this moment without the human intervention pollination, setting no longer is a problem.
Enter second breeding cycle, plant development very tall and big (more than two meters), this causes difficulty to the transportation of top branches and leaves just for the nutrient of underground part and moisture.Therefore, even liquid manure is sufficient again, the possibility of the Sheng of nourishing and growing is also little.
Enter second breeding cycle, for the nitrogen that influences the muskmelon quality, the volatilization by first breeding cycle, leaching loss and plant absorb and have consumed totally; Moreover because plant is tall and big, to underground moisture absorption difficulty, and the evaporation of branches and leaves also further strengthens.Therefore the water abundance is little to the quality influence of melon.
The extermination of disease and insect pest of (six) second breeding cycles
The disease of second breeding cycle mainly contains downy mildew, carbon jaundice disease, eqpidemic disease, powdery mildew and virus disease etc.Powdery mildew is to endanger the heaviest disease in recent years in above-mentioned disease.Chapter 4 is seen in relevant symptom and control.
The field management in the 3rd fertility cycle:
The 3rd fertility cycle and the second breeding cycle identification of boundaries do not resemble that second breeding cycle and the first breeding cycle boundary line divide obvious, can only divide from setting time and collecting time moon bright system.General assert, in 8 months, the last ten-days period setting, on September, begin to gather the middle ten days was the 3rd fertility cycle.The farming activities amount in the 3rd fertility cycle is little, less than second breeding cycle, more less than first breeding cycle.
(1) clear at any time garden
Entered for the 3rd fertility cycle, main climing in, lower blade withers, decays, the part plant is withered because of multiple reason.Therefore to clear up withered, Huang Ye, the leaf of decaying, sick leaf and dead strain at any time, be beneficial to ventilate in the canopy, ventilation.
(2) water management
Entered for the 3rd fertility cycle, branches and leaves have covered with the sky of booth, are in the state that shades in the canopy, add to enter during late August to October 15, and temperature reduces, day cyclostrophic cold, and soil water evaporation amount and branches and leaves evaporation reduce.In water management, suitably control and pour water.General every first quarter moon waters once little water and gets final product.
(3) sick, pest control can not be loosened
Entered for the 3rd fertility cycle, the harm of other main diseases all alleviates, and the emphasis of disease control is exactly a powdery mildew.Chapter 4 is seen in relevant control.
(4) heat-preserving anti-freezing
The 3rd fertility cycle up to late August to mid-October.This moment, temperature reduced gradually.When night, temperature was lower than 12 ℃, close the booth ventilating opening; , the middle ten days last to September, ventilate to the morning, closes canopy afternoon; Last, the middle ten days want whole day to close canopy to late September to October, make the interior temperature of canopy be higher than thermophilic (28-30 ℃), are beneficial to the winter protection at night.
(5) gather after the holder in good time
Embodiment 2:
The method of above-mentioned muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management, grafting method adopts and is abutted against:
(1) sowing
The date of seeding of being abutted against, the preparation of nutrition soil, seed treatment, germination accelerating method equals to peg graft identical, and just sowing time and type of seeding and grafting are different.
1, the sowing time: broadcast pumpkin after broadcasting muskmelon earlier.After after planting 5 days left and right sides seedlings of muskmelon all sprout, promptly broadcast pumpkin.
2, type of seeding: muskmelon is sowed by 2 * 2cm seeding row spacing, in nutrition soil raising box or seedling dish are housed, and last earthing 1cm; Pumpkin is sowed in nutrition soil raising box or seedbed are housed by 3 * 3cm seeding row spacing, last earthing 1.5cm.
(2) grafting
1, grafting tool: blade, Grafting clip, operating platform.
2, before the grafting nutritive cube is installed nutrition soil, do not water.The available 50% carbendazim powder of nutrition soil is mixed native sterilization, 500 gram/m
3
3, grafting will be sprayed 600 times of liquid tpns or carbendazim in preceding 2 days on seedling, and grafting irrigates water with seedling dish or seedling seedbed preceding 1 day afternoon.
4, grafting method: when the pumpkin and the muskmelon true leaf dew heart is grafting period.The band root takes out pumpkin, removes growing point, and the 0.5-1cm place is 45 and splays downwards under the midnight again, the degree of depth reach stem thick 1/2; Be with root to take out muskmelon then, the 1-1.5cm place is 45 and upwards splays under cotyledon, the degree of depth reach stem thick 2/3; At last that the otch of pumpkin and muskmelon is chimeric, with Grafting clip fixed interface position.After the grafting pumpkin and muskmelon are planted simultaneously into nutritive cube, both roots keep certain distance, so that muskmelon is completely cured.
(3) management after the grafting
After the grafting, equally rapid grafting is placed on the wide 1 meter seedbed with pegging graft, nutritive cube is watered permeable, cover little shed, the top covers with shading screen or newspaper.Temperature: 28-30 ℃ of daytime, the highest can not be above 33 ℃; At 18-20 ℃ of night, minimumly can not be lower than 15 ℃.Humidity: more than 95%, spraying water on seedling at least 3 times every day, is good to guarantee that scion " is not beaten listless ".After 5 days, open the thing that shades in the morning, afternoon, covered again when noon, light was strong.Remove the thing that shades after 7-8 days, open little shed plastic sheeting for farm use.Be completely cured after 10 days, method is: cut off the muskmelon hypocotyl with little scissors the appropriate location under interface, and down cut at the 0.5cm place again, leaves a fixed gap and avoid self healing.Eradicating out muskmelon after also can being completely cured.After being completely cured, suitably improve temperature, humidity, and carry out shading,, prevent the scion wilting to promote wound healing.Method is to cover little shed plastic sheeting for farm use, covers the thing that shades when noon, light was strong.Remove all overcovers after 2-3 days, fall behind the seedling, press normal seedling management.Different is will in time remove the stock axillalry bud and remove fixture.The axillalry bud and the muskmelon that grow on the pumpkin are striven nutrient, influence survival rate, remove as early as possible.Remove before the fixture field planting or after fixed and all can.
Other management method is identical with grafting.
Embodiment 3:
The method of above-mentioned muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management, grafting method adopts cleft grafting
The management of the preparation of the date of seeding of cleft grafting, nutrition soil, seed treatment, germination accelerating method, sowing time, type of seeding and grafting etc., all identical with grafting, just grafting method is different.
(1) grafting method: pumpkin is removed growing point, cut 0.6-0.8 centimetre otch with blade from top to bottom from the growing point center then, be advisable with the pulp cavity that does not switch to pumpkin, get muskmelon seedling 1-1.5 centimeters under cotyledon subsequently, cut the both sides wedgewise with blade, the long 0.6-0.8 of wedge surface centimetre, it is mouthful chimeric that the muskmelon that will cut sandwiches splitting of pumpkin at last, gets final product with Grafting clip is fixing.It is identical to operate afterwards, manage and peg graft.
(2) remove fixture: after seedling is fallen in the interface healing, about a week, remove fixture---Grafting clip, remove the pumpkin axillalry bud simultaneously.
Other management method is identical with grafting.
Claims (7)
1. the method for muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management, this method comprises:, well developed root system strong with immunity, vigorous, low temperature resistant, the low light level and bad climate environment and do stock with the strong white seed pumpkin of muskmelon affinity grow; , taste splendid melon variety good-looking, that be fond of eating, sell well gorgeous with precocity, high yield, color of the leather done fringe, adopts to peg graft or be abutted against or the grafting of growing seedlings of the mode of cleft grafting; It is characterized in that:
Carry out vernalization, sow then, grafting is sowed 8-10 days ahead of time than seedling, Pei Zhi nutrition soil simultaneously, interval sowing, with the grafting of muskmelon seedling to white seed pumpkin stock;
Press 50 centimetres of 58 centimetres of distance between rows and hills 60 cm x or 54 centimetres of 65 cm x or 70 cm x, every square metre is no less than three strain field planting, and a mouthful fertilizer is executed in punching, waters, and inserts seedling;
Pruning in 15-20 days after the field planting, it is climing to transfer, and the climing above 8-10 strip of enough 3-4 bar seat melons is climing all to be removed staying, and only stays that master is climing to sling with nylon rope;
Pollinate, gather after fruit thinning and the extermination of disease and insect pest, the maturation.
2. the method for muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the nutrition soil of described preparation: 7.5 parts in the land for growing field crops soil of the no herbicide residue of selection; 2.5 parts of good horsehits become thoroughly decomposed; Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 5-6 jin/m
3, land for growing field crops soil, horsehit smashed shaker screen and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is puddled evenly, dislikes mould clever 1500 times of liquid or dislikes mould clever 600 times of liquid pouring with 56% first sulphur with 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 98%;
Described vernalization: shone in the sun 2-3 days, the pumpkin seed of handling well is placed in the 50-55 ℃ of water, constantly stir, seed is heated evenly, soaked 1520 minutes, and water temperature was reduced to 30 ℃ then, soaked about 10 hours, at last seed is pulled out in the pocket that is placed on container or makes with gauze, be placed on 28-30 ℃ and locate to carry out vernalization; During vernalization, often stir the seed that is placed in container or the pocket, so that seed fully contacts oxygen, it is fast and neat to sprout; As find seed epidermis drying, available warm water washing 2-3 time; Approximately can sprout in 35-40 hour, the seed bud that sprouts can not be long, general 3-5 millimeter.
3. the method for muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described interval sowing: broadcast muskmelon after broadcasting white seed pumpkin earlier, between the two every 3-4 days; Pumpkin after planting, daytime, room temperature remained on 28-30 ℃, at 20-22 ℃ of night, can emerge in 4-5 days; Pumpkin began to have part arch soil in after planting 3-4 days, promptly broadcast muskmelon, and the muskmelon vernalization speed of sprouting is fast, and the bud that all sprouts from soaking seed to only needs 24 hours.Soaked seed 8 hours, and need not choose bud, other seed-soaking method and temperature treatment are identical with pumpkin, and the type of seeding of muskmelon is: the seed that will sprout is broadcast in the seedling dish uniformly by the distance of 1.5 * 1.5cm, the native 1cm that the loam cake with medicament was handled.
4. according to the method for claim 1 or the management of 2 or 3 described muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation postures, it is characterized in that: described with the grafting of muskmelon seedling to white seed pumpkin stock: when pumpkin grows a slice true leaf, the muskmelon cotyledon flattens, be best grafting time, the nutritive cube of pumpkin seedling is placed on the operating desk, remove growing point and axillalry bud with blade or bamboo let, become 30 ° of angles with bamboo let with vertical direction from a side direction opposite side of growing point then, tiltedly point injects 0.6-0.8cm down; From the seedling dish, choose healthy and strong muskmelon seedling then and transfer to, two cotyledons are closed up, pinch, the stem handle is placed on the forefinger, cut down to a skew back at distance cotyledon 1-1.5cm place, form the 0.6-0.8cm inclined wedge-shaped with blade with left hand thumb and middle finger; At last bamboo let is extracted, the muskmelon seedling inclined-plane of cutting is injected rapidly in the hole that bamboo let pricks down, be seated, insert real, pumpkin becomes " cross " shape with four cotyledons of muskmelon.
5. according to the method for claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation posture management, it is characterized in that: described field planting: the time is that general double-deck the covering comprises horticultural covering film, mulch film, in 1-5 day field planting in May; Three layers of covering comprise horticultural covering film, little shed, mulch film, in 20-25 day field planting in April; Four layers of covering comprise horticultural covering film, the canopy of the heavens or Zhong Peng, little shed, mulch film, and in 10-15 day field planting in April, potassium element can increase the sugariness of melon, and nitrogen is crossed the quality that high energy influences melon, and depth of soil preparation will reach more than 28 centimetres; Adopt field planting method behind the first overlay film; Described punching: in having covered the ridge platform of mulch film, evenly get 8 centimetres of diameters, dark about 10 centimetres hole applies special-purpose fertilizer of the muskmelon for preparing in 1: 1 ratio and biological organic fertilizer then in the hole, every hole 15-16 gram; Describedly water, insert seedling: water full water in the hole of Shi Wanfei, the rice shoot that will remove nutritive cube subsequently inserts in the hole, and handles with care, the interface in order to avoid fracture, described watering is to water an amount of water again after inserting seedling in hole, after water oozes down, seal hole, envelope hole soil will be lower than interface 2-3 centimetre.
6. according to the method for claim 1 or the management of 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 described muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation postures, it is characterized in that: the grafting muskmelon is faster than seedling muskmelon production rate of development, after the field planting 15-20 days, the climing 5-6 sheet true leaf that grown of son, main climing also long to the 20-25cm height, to carry out described training this moment and transfer climing:
The climing training of son: the grafting muskmelon is generally carried out the climing training of 3-4, promptly stay 3-4 sub climing, field planting strain number more than 1800 strains, 3 climing trainings; Several 4 climing trainings or the climing weak seedling 3 climing trainings in strong sprouts 4 below 1800 of field planting strain, several strips that stay are climing to be to crawl climingly, does not hang climing;
Fixed climing: main climing first true leaf grows climing the removing of son, stay since 2 true leaves climing, plant development is thin and weak begin to stay from main the 3rd climing true leaf climing, fixed climing will carrying out when just having grown in that son is climing;
Block climing: when the climing 5-6 of the growing sheet true leaf of stay, begin to block climing, generally stay 5-6 sheet leaf.
Main climing training: main training is that the above 8-10 strip of enough seat climing 3-4 bars of melon is climing all to be removed staying, and only stays that master is climing to sling with nylon rope;
The climing training of grandson: the climing 5-6 sheet leaf that stays of son, to grow 5-6 bar grandson climing thereupon, according to plant growing way power, the climing 2-3 sheet leaf that stays of grandson is promptly strong by 2, weak 3.
7. according to the method for claim 1 or the management of 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 described muskmelon graft seedling growth booth cultivation postures, it is characterized in that: grafting muskmelon first growth cycle, the female flower open hour be in 5 months, the last ten-days period, this moment, the insect procreation did not also enter prosperous phase, booth also is in semi-closed state, leans on insect and wind-force to be pollinated and is difficult to guarantee bearing pumpkin rate; Want to improve bearing pumpkin rate, guarantee early yield, must human intervention, carry out described pollination: comprise honeybee pollination or HORMONE TREATMENT or to flower:
Described honeybee pollination: be that the peak case is put in booth center, the booth ventilating opening will stop with gauze, prevents from honeybee to fly out canopy is outer to go back to the nest;
Described HORMONE TREATMENT: with the seat melon spirit for preparing, Main Ingredients and Appearance is than imitating precititation solution, with the female pickled cucumbers tire that micro-sprayer sprays the previous day, the same day and blooms one day after, can not repeat spray, otherwise melon, deformity melon and balsam pear can occur splitting;
Described to flower: in the morning during fine 6-8 or during cloudy 7-9, will the same day open male flower remove petal, expose style, then the contact of style is rubbed mutually with the female flower style of opening at that time, each male flower can be to 3-5 female flower.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101019647A CN102138392A (en) | 2010-01-28 | 2010-01-28 | Method of cultivation frame type management in melon grafting and seedling shed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101019647A CN102138392A (en) | 2010-01-28 | 2010-01-28 | Method of cultivation frame type management in melon grafting and seedling shed |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102138392A true CN102138392A (en) | 2011-08-03 |
Family
ID=44406375
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101019647A Pending CN102138392A (en) | 2010-01-28 | 2010-01-28 | Method of cultivation frame type management in melon grafting and seedling shed |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102138392A (en) |
Cited By (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102487689A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-06-13 | 张志平 | Planting method of high-quality and thin-rind sweet melons |
| CN103250543A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-21 | 洛阳迷你果蔬有限公司 | Method for cultivating mini-vegetables in greenhouse arch shed |
| CN103371099A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2013-10-30 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Good-quality and high-yield seed production technique of muskmelon |
| CN103650894A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-03-26 | 宁夏塞上江南农业科技有限公司 | Vine hanging cultivation pruning method for greenhouse muskmelons |
| CN103907473A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-09 | 安庆市金大地生态农业发展有限公司 | Spring thin skin melon grafting seedling raising method |
| CN104170656A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-12-03 | 北海市农业科学研究所 | Grafting method for thin-skin muskmelons |
| CN104303796A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-01-28 | 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 | Greenhouse cultivation method for pollution-free early-spring melons |
| CN104335802A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-02-11 | 韦俊 | Method for cracking resistance and prematurity of Fengtian melons |
| CN104381027A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-03-04 | 和县朱韩种植家庭农场 | Muskmelon planting method |
| CN104770167A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-07-15 | 梁志华 | Cultivation method for muskmelon |
| CN104969776A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-14 | 济南伟丽种业有限公司 | Intensification root-breaking grafting and seedling cultivating method for thin-skinned melons |
| CN105210677A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2016-01-06 | 湖南湘圆生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of grafting seedlings-growing method of sponge gourd |
| CN105230310A (en) * | 2015-11-01 | 2016-01-13 | 李钦铭 | A production method of high-quality melon seedlings |
| CN105284428A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2016-02-03 | 湖南湘圆生态农业开发有限公司 | Grafting seedling method for wax gourd |
| CN105284363A (en) * | 2015-11-01 | 2016-02-03 | 李钦铭 | High-yield cultivation method for improving taste of melons |
| CN105284434A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-03 | 全椒县太平农作物幼苗培育专业合作社 | Method for cultivating by grafting pumpkin seedlings with melons |
| CN105340586A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-02-24 | 界首市憨友西瓜专业合作社 | High-yield high-sweetness grafting cultivation method of watermelons |
| CN106818144A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-06-13 | 魏韩英 | A kind of method of little Bai melons rejuvenation |
| CN107011096A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-04 | 青海昊农生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of the organic fertilizer of old cow dung production |
| CN107357336A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-17 | 重庆信首科技有限公司 | The temperature adjusting method of greenhouse gardening vegetables |
| CN107439175A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-12-08 | 杭州吉天蔬菜种植科技有限公司 | The lid Forcing cultivation technology of one film of watermelon four |
| CN107667690A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-02-09 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of thick-skinned melon grafting greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN108849306A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-23 | 付再上 | A kind of organic western muskmelon ratooning new process |
| CN109845504A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-06-07 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of muskmelon true leaf petiole base engrafting method |
| CN114698514A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-05 | 山东省农业科学院 | Cultivation method suitable for thin-skin muskmelon with vine climbing first and vine hanging later |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05137461A (en) * | 1991-11-22 | 1993-06-01 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Production of stock for grafting |
| CN1778160A (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-31 | 上海源怡种苗有限公司 | Graft seedling growth for watermelon and muskmelon |
| CN1918970A (en) * | 2006-09-04 | 2007-02-28 | 夏瑞金 | Seeds production method for pumpkin rootstock |
| CN101321455A (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2008-12-10 | 以色列国农业部 | Engrafted plants resistant to viral diseases and methods of producing same |
-
2010
- 2010-01-28 CN CN2010101019647A patent/CN102138392A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05137461A (en) * | 1991-11-22 | 1993-06-01 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Production of stock for grafting |
| CN101321455A (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2008-12-10 | 以色列国农业部 | Engrafted plants resistant to viral diseases and methods of producing same |
| CN1778160A (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-31 | 上海源怡种苗有限公司 | Graft seedling growth for watermelon and muskmelon |
| CN1918970A (en) * | 2006-09-04 | 2007-02-28 | 夏瑞金 | Seeds production method for pumpkin rootstock |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 周广业等: "平凉市日光温室厚皮甜瓜秋冬茬无公害生产技术", 《甘肃农业科技》 * |
| 常永辉: "大棚甜瓜多层覆盖高效栽培配套技术", 《中国瓜菜》 * |
| 童建松等: "甜瓜日光温室栽培技术", 《江西园艺》 * |
| 金嘉丰等: "日光温室冬春茬香瓜栽培技术", 《北方园艺》 * |
Cited By (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102487689A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-06-13 | 张志平 | Planting method of high-quality and thin-rind sweet melons |
| CN103371099A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2013-10-30 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Good-quality and high-yield seed production technique of muskmelon |
| CN103250543A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-21 | 洛阳迷你果蔬有限公司 | Method for cultivating mini-vegetables in greenhouse arch shed |
| CN103650894A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-03-26 | 宁夏塞上江南农业科技有限公司 | Vine hanging cultivation pruning method for greenhouse muskmelons |
| CN104969776A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-14 | 济南伟丽种业有限公司 | Intensification root-breaking grafting and seedling cultivating method for thin-skinned melons |
| CN103907473A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-09 | 安庆市金大地生态农业发展有限公司 | Spring thin skin melon grafting seedling raising method |
| CN103907473B (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2016-01-06 | 安庆市金大地生态农业发展有限公司 | Spring Melon grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN105210677A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2016-01-06 | 湖南湘圆生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of grafting seedlings-growing method of sponge gourd |
| CN105284428A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2016-02-03 | 湖南湘圆生态农业开发有限公司 | Grafting seedling method for wax gourd |
| CN104170656A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-12-03 | 北海市农业科学研究所 | Grafting method for thin-skin muskmelons |
| CN104335802A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-02-11 | 韦俊 | Method for cracking resistance and prematurity of Fengtian melons |
| CN104303796A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-01-28 | 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 | Greenhouse cultivation method for pollution-free early-spring melons |
| CN104381027A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-03-04 | 和县朱韩种植家庭农场 | Muskmelon planting method |
| CN104770167A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-07-15 | 梁志华 | Cultivation method for muskmelon |
| CN105230310A (en) * | 2015-11-01 | 2016-01-13 | 李钦铭 | A production method of high-quality melon seedlings |
| CN105284363A (en) * | 2015-11-01 | 2016-02-03 | 李钦铭 | High-yield cultivation method for improving taste of melons |
| CN105340586A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-02-24 | 界首市憨友西瓜专业合作社 | High-yield high-sweetness grafting cultivation method of watermelons |
| CN105284434A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-03 | 全椒县太平农作物幼苗培育专业合作社 | Method for cultivating by grafting pumpkin seedlings with melons |
| CN106818144A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-06-13 | 魏韩英 | A kind of method of little Bai melons rejuvenation |
| CN107011096A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-04 | 青海昊农生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of the organic fertilizer of old cow dung production |
| CN107439175A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-12-08 | 杭州吉天蔬菜种植科技有限公司 | The lid Forcing cultivation technology of one film of watermelon four |
| CN107357336A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-17 | 重庆信首科技有限公司 | The temperature adjusting method of greenhouse gardening vegetables |
| CN107667690A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-02-09 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of thick-skinned melon grafting greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN108849306A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-23 | 付再上 | A kind of organic western muskmelon ratooning new process |
| CN109845504A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-06-07 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of muskmelon true leaf petiole base engrafting method |
| CN114698514A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-05 | 山东省农业科学院 | Cultivation method suitable for thin-skin muskmelon with vine climbing first and vine hanging later |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102138392A (en) | Method of cultivation frame type management in melon grafting and seedling shed | |
| Randhawa et al. | Floriculture in India | |
| CN103931407B (en) | High-cold regions heliogreenhouse Fructus Persicae cultural method | |
| Menzel | The lychee crop in Asia and the Pacific | |
| CN100506021C (en) | Method for accelerating two maturations in one year of Chinese jujube in winter warm type big shack | |
| CN104813886A (en) | Production technology of pollution-free peaches | |
| CN102511258B (en) | Container seedling-raising method for greenhouse of Chinese wolfberry | |
| Hernández et al. | Cultivation systems | |
| CN109699407B (en) | Facility-dedicated small-fruit watermelon non-specific area early-maturing promoting cultivation technology | |
| CN101707964A (en) | Tunnel half-shading green branch cottage and propagation method of large reed-leaf cherries and Teng county red cherries | |
| CN104838941A (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency spring melon-autumn melon-winter asparagus lettuce cultivation mode | |
| CN106134885A (en) | Introduce the mating system of New Zealand's Hayward Fructus actinidiae chinensis | |
| CN106986677A (en) | The method that common greenhouse double-row type plantation dragon fruit interplants watermelon | |
| CN114303918A (en) | Spring-stubble multi-span greenhouse netted melon cultivation method | |
| CN104798682A (en) | Breeding and cultivation method for bitter gourds | |
| Lim | Sericulture training manual | |
| CN105265139A (en) | Chaenomeles speciosa cultivation method | |
| CN109757274B (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency transplanting method for momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings | |
| CN110679380A (en) | Grape cultivation management method | |
| Gough | Blueberries-North and south | |
| CN112088712B (en) | Method for ecologically controlling southern stony desertification through combined cultivation of kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa | |
| CN110150005A (en) | A kind of high-quality winter jujube facility cultivation method | |
| CN108293769A (en) | A kind of Protectorate cultivation method of green precious small pumpkin | |
| CN111587746A (en) | Method for cultivating small-sized watermelons in early spring | |
| CN108307944B (en) | Cultivation method of cucumber flowers |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C05 | Deemed withdrawal (patent law before 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20110803 |