CN103250543A - Method for cultivating mini-vegetables in greenhouse arch shed - Google Patents
Method for cultivating mini-vegetables in greenhouse arch shed Download PDFInfo
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- CN103250543A CN103250543A CN2013102031226A CN201310203122A CN103250543A CN 103250543 A CN103250543 A CN 103250543A CN 2013102031226 A CN2013102031226 A CN 2013102031226A CN 201310203122 A CN201310203122 A CN 201310203122A CN 103250543 A CN103250543 A CN 103250543A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation and particularly relates to a method for cultivating mini-vegetables in a greenhouse arch shed. The method comprises the following steps that good mini-vegetable seeds are selected, plug seedling is performed, planting is performed in good time, the arch shed is managed and harvesting is performed. By utilizing a temperature changing processing method in the process of plug seedling, namely the mini-vegetable seeds are placed in water with the temperature of 50 DEG C to 55 DEG C and soaked, continuous stirring is performed till the temperature of water is lowered to 30 DEG C, stirring is stopped, the seeds are transferred into a condition of -5 DEG C to 0 DEG C and frozen for no less than ten hours. The cold-resistant capacity of the mini-vegetable seeds is greatly improved, and the viability of the mini-vegetable seeds in adversity is improved. According to the method for cultivating the mini-vegetables in the greenhouse arch shed, in a process where a night temperature rises to a daytime temperature, when the temperature rises to 26 DEG C, temperature rises slowly, and then the daytime temperature is kept between 26 DEG C to 28 DEG C, the temperature in the shed can be kept within a range of 26 DEG C and 28 DEG C for a long time, and pest and disease damage does not favorably happen.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of mini-vegetable greenhouse shed cultivation method.
Background technology
Mini-vegetable mainly refer in family balcony, draw roof, plant type indoor and garden planting less, be easy to manage, have the edible vegetable of necessarily viewing and admiring the potted plant value of valency.Mini-vegetable can have been taked soil or soilless culture.
The characteristics of mini-vegetable are to be easy to family planting, in vegetative period, because blade, fruit, flower or limb have certain characteristics of viewing and admiring, can substitute flowers and plants to a certain extent as ornamental plants; After its maturation, edible, because household operation, do not use agricultural chemicals, hormone substantially and some otherly be unfavorable for healthy material, this becomes relieved green vegetables fully.And the process itself that plants vegetables is exactly the process of pleasant mental and body, and people not only can release the pressure by planting vegetables, but also can understand the process of growth of vegetables, enlarge one's knowledge.
The kind of mini-vegetable is a lot.For example: short uncivilized nation eggplant is viewed and admired and eats dual, and color has two kinds of reddish yellows.Plant type is less, about 25 centimetres of plant heights, growing way is stronger, fruit circle just, fruit surface smooth, fruit look have azarin and bright orange two kinds, the fruity sweet and sour palatability, single fruit weight 10 grams, 2.5-3 centimetre in fruit footpath, the fruit look gorgeous, sight is strong; Disease-resistant, low light tolerance, photosensitiveness plant in the genus, as long as temperature is suitable, can cultivate the whole year, the growth thermophilic is 20-30 ℃.Fruit colour-change period 7-10 days, viewing period reached about 100 days.The leaf romaine lettuce that looses is best with the purple leaf romaine lettuce of the zingy Luo Sha of strain shape effect especially, also has kinds such as jasper cream, the purple leaf of upright, the red sail in Rome, Italy are all-round, the big fast romaine lettuce of California, USA.It is bunch half upright that leaf draws, and plant height 25-35 centimetre, 25-30 centimetres of degree of development, blade is oblong.
At present, that is that all right is ripe for the large-scale breeding method of mini-vegetable, often is subjected to the influence of damage by disease and insect.And take two kinds of methods further to control the height of vegetables usually in the process of mini-vegetable growth: one, suppress plant growth by control temperature or moisture, this has caused the mini-vegetable growth conditions not satisfy, and influences the growth of mini-vegetable; Two, use chlormequat in the process of mini-vegetable growth, can make the stem tubbiness of mini-vegetable, dwarfed plant strengthens photosynthesis, improves fruit-setting rate; But be to use the sugariness in the mini-vegetable body of back to descend, have a strong impact on its mouthfeel.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of mini-vegetable greenhouse shed cultivation method, not only can effectively reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect, can also make mini-vegetable look sturdy, and can not influence mouthfeel.
The technical solution used in the present invention is that a kind of mini-vegetable greenhouse shed cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
1), select good mini-vegetable seed, standby;
2), point disk seedling growing, method is:
A. seed soaking sterilization: it is that 50-55 ℃ water soaks that the mini-vegetable seed in the step 1) is placed temperature, constantly stirs, and drops to 30 ℃ until water temperature, stops to stir, and then seed is transferred to temperature for freezing under the-5-0 ℃ condition, cooling time 〉=10h;
B, vernalization: be vernalization under 25-28 ℃ the condition in temperature, seed reaches 70% when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and is seeded in the dish of cave;
C, be to cultivate strong sprout under 25-28 ℃ the condition in temperature, the low temperature hardening was carried out in field planting in preceding 7 days, and the control on daytime of hardening temperature is at 20-25 ℃, and control at 13-17 ℃ night;
3), field planting in good time: when ground temperature reaches 12 ℃, begin field planting, field planting was watered and is made entropy in preceding 3 days, and seedling-slowing stage applies growth regulating fertilizer to mini-vegetable after finishing;
Described growth regulating fertilizer is that 50% chlormequat, mass concentration are that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ash and soya-bean cake mix by mass concentration, and the parts by weight of each component are respectively: mass concentration is that 50% 50 parts of chlormequats, mass concentration are 0.3% 10 parts of 15 parts of 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, ash, soya-bean cakes, 5 parts in saccharomycete;
4), shed management:
A, temperature treatment: the temperature control in daytime is at 26-28 ℃ in the shed, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 10-20 ℃, is elevated to the process of temperature in daytime from nocturnal temperature, closes ventilating opening, and temperature is elevated to 28 ℃ of time spent 1h at least by 26 ℃;
C, fertilizer management: apply fertilizer to distance mini-vegetable root 10-15cm place when topdressing;
D, moisture management: the relative moisture control in the shed is 50-80%;
5), gather: gathering after the mini-vegetable maturation gets final product.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the method of the present invention by in the process of point disk seedling growing, taking alternating temperature to handle, being about to the mini-vegetable seed, to place temperature be that 50-55 ℃ water soaks, constantly stir, drop to 30 ℃ until water temperature, stop to stir, then seed is transferred to temperature for freezing under the-5-0 ℃ condition, cooling time 〉=10h has improved the cold tolerance of mini-vegetable seed greatly, has improved the survival ability of mini-vegetable seed in adverse circumstance.The present invention is at the after-applied growth regulating fertilizer of seedling-slowing stage, and the height that passes through temperature and moisture control mini-vegetable with respect to traditional had both satisfied the growth demand of mini-vegetable, has reached again to make the short strong purpose of mini-vegetable.Chlormequat can make the stem tubbiness of mini-vegetable, and dwarfed plant strengthens photosynthesis, improves fruit-setting rate; But be to use the sugariness in the mini-vegetable body of back to descend, have a strong impact on its mouthfeel, the present invention uses potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ash, soya-bean cake, saccharomycete after chlormequat mixes, be equivalent to apply phosphate fertilizer and plant organic fertilizer has improved the sugariness of mini-vegetable itself to mini-vegetable, solved the problem that sugariness reduces behind the chlormequat of using.The present invention is in the field planting stage, takes to make earlier the method for field planting behind the entropy, and ground temperature descends few, is beneficial to slow seedling, has improved survival rate.22-25 ℃ temperature is the temperature of most of damage by disease and insect optimum growth and breeding, the present invention's temperature in the process of mini-vegetable growth is taked " several " word administrative law, namely be elevated to the process of temperature in daytime from nocturnal temperature, when temperature reaches 26 ℃, beginning slowly heats up, daytime, temperature remained on 26-28 ℃ afterwards, and the present invention is unfavorable for that by the temperature in the booth is remained on 26-28 ℃ for a long time damage by disease and insect takes place.Temperature variation in daytime of the present invention is little, is beneficial to the growth of vegetables, changes in the process that heats up on night to daytime and closes ventilating opening, has avoided the loss of carbonic acid gas in the booth, has promoted the photosynthesis of vegetables in the booth.The present invention takes the method for early taking off late lid during illumination management under the condition of Controllable Temperature, prolonged the photosynthesis of plants time to have improved the photosynthesis of plants rate.The present invention applies apart from mini-vegetable root 10-15cm place when fertilising, impels the root of mini-vegetable to extend to fertilising place, has promoted the growth of mini-vegetable root.
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated: present embodiment is being to implement under the prerequisite with the technical solution of the present invention, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
A kind of mini-vegetable greenhouse shed cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
1), select good mini-vegetable seed, standby;
2), point disk seedling growing, method is:
A. seed soaking sterilization: it is that 50-55 ℃ water soaks that the mini-vegetable seed in the step 1) is placed temperature, constantly stirs, and drops to 30 ℃ until water temperature, stops to stir, and then seed is transferred to temperature for freezing under the-5-0 ℃ condition, cooling time 〉=10h;
B, vernalization: be vernalization under 25-28 ℃ the condition in temperature, seed reaches 70% when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and is seeded in the dish of cave;
C, be to cultivate strong sprout under 25-28 ℃ the condition in temperature, the low temperature hardening was carried out in field planting in preceding 7 days, and the control on daytime of hardening temperature is at 20-25 ℃, and control at 13-17 ℃ night;
3), field planting in good time: when ground temperature reaches 12 ℃, begin field planting, field planting was watered and is made entropy in preceding 3 days, and seedling-slowing stage applies growth regulating fertilizer to mini-vegetable after finishing;
Described growth regulating fertilizer is that 50% chlormequat, mass concentration are that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ash and soya-bean cake mix by mass concentration, and the parts by weight of each component are respectively: mass concentration is that 50% 50 parts of chlormequats, mass concentration are 0.3% 10 parts of 15 parts of 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, ash, soya-bean cakes, 5 parts in saccharomycete; Concrete grammar is: be that 50% 50 parts of chlormequats, mass concentration are 0.3% 10 parts of 15 parts of 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, ash, soya-bean cakes, 5 parts in saccharomycete with mass concentration, be placed on temperature behind the mixing and be in 55-60 ℃ the fermenting cellar fermentation 5-6 days.
4), shed management:
A, temperature treatment: the temperature control in daytime is at 26-28 ℃ in the shed, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 10-20 ℃, is elevated to the process of temperature in daytime from nocturnal temperature, closes ventilating opening, and temperature is elevated to 28 ℃ of time spent 1h at least by 26 ℃;
C, fertilizer management: apply fertilizer to distance mini-vegetable root 10-15cm place when topdressing;
D, moisture management: the relative moisture control in the shed is 50-80%;
5), gather: gathering after the mini-vegetable maturation gets final product.
Embodiment 1
A kind of mini-vegetable greenhouse shed cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
1), select good mini tomato seeds, standby;
2), point disk seedling growing, method is:
A. seed soaking sterilization: it is that 55 ℃ water soaks that the mini tomato seeds in the step 1) is placed temperature, constantly stirs, and drops to 30 ℃ until water temperature, stops to stir, and it is freezing under 0 ℃ of condition then seed being transferred to temperature, cooling time 10h;
B, vernalization: be vernalization under 26 ℃ the condition in temperature, seed reaches 70% when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and is seeded in the dish of cave;
C, be to cultivate strong sprout under 26 ℃ the condition in temperature, the low temperature hardening was carried out in field planting in preceding 7 days, and the control on daytime of hardening temperature is at 22 ℃, and control at 15 ℃ night;
3), field planting in good time: when ground temperature reaches 12 ℃, begin field planting, field planting was watered and is made entropy in preceding 3 days, and seedling-slowing stage applies growth regulating fertilizer to mini tomato after finishing;
Described growth regulating fertilizer is that 50% chlormequat, mass concentration are that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ash and soya-bean cake mix by mass concentration, and the parts by weight of each component are respectively: mass concentration is that 50% 50 parts of chlormequats, mass concentration are 0.3% 10 parts of 15 parts of 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, ash, soya-bean cakes, 5 parts in saccharomycete; Concrete grammar is: be that 50% 50 parts of chlormequats, mass concentration are 0.3% 10 parts of 15 parts of 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, ash, soya-bean cakes, 5 parts in saccharomycete with mass concentration, be placed on temperature behind the mixing and be in 57 ℃ the fermenting cellar fermentation 5 days.
4), shed management:
A, temperature treatment: the temperature control in daytime is at 26-28 ℃ in the shed, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 10-20 ℃, is elevated to the process of temperature in daytime from nocturnal temperature, closes ventilating opening, and temperature is elevated to 28 ℃ of time spent 1h by 26 ℃;
B, illumination management: namely 7 of mornings open shade net, cover shade net again at 5 in afternoon;
C, fertilizer management: apply fertilizer to the mini tomato root 12cm of distance place when topdressing;
D, moisture management: the relative moisture control in the shed is 50-80%;
5), gather: gathering after the mini tomato maturation gets final product.
Embodiment 2
A kind of mini-vegetable greenhouse shed cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
1), select good mini cucumber seeds, standby;
2), point disk seedling growing, method is:
A. seed soaking sterilization: it is that 55 ℃ water soaks that the mini cucumber seeds in the step 1) is placed temperature, constantly stirs, and drops to 30 ℃ until water temperature, stops to stir, and it is freezing under 0 ℃ of condition then seed being transferred to temperature, cooling time 10h;
B, vernalization: be vernalization under 25-28 ℃ the condition in temperature, seed reaches 70% when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and is seeded in the dish of cave;
C, be to cultivate strong sprout under 26 ℃ the condition in temperature, the low temperature hardening was carried out in field planting in preceding 7 days, and the control on daytime of hardening temperature is at 22 ℃, and control at 15 ℃ night;
3), field planting in good time: when ground temperature reaches 12 ℃, begin field planting, field planting was watered and is made entropy in preceding 3 days, and seedling-slowing stage applies growth regulating fertilizer to mini cucumber after finishing;
Described growth regulating fertilizer is that 50% chlormequat, mass concentration are that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ash and soya-bean cake mix by mass concentration, and the parts by weight of each component are respectively: mass concentration is that 50% 50 parts of chlormequats, mass concentration are 0.3% 10 parts of 15 parts of 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, ash, soya-bean cakes, 5 parts in saccharomycete; Concrete grammar is: be that 50% 50 parts of chlormequats, mass concentration are 0.3% 10 parts of 15 parts of 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, ash, soya-bean cakes, 5 parts in saccharomycete with mass concentration, be placed on temperature behind the mixing and be in 57 ℃ the fermenting cellar fermentation 5 days.
4), shed management:
A, temperature treatment: the temperature control in daytime is at 26-28 ℃ in the shed, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 10-20 ℃, is elevated to the process of temperature in daytime from nocturnal temperature, closes ventilating opening, and temperature is elevated to 28 ℃ of time spent 1.5h by 26 ℃;
B, illumination management: namely 7 of mornings open shade net, cover shade net again at 5 in afternoon;
C, fertilizer management: apply fertilizer to the mini tomato root 12cm of distance place when topdressing;
D, moisture management: the relative moisture control in the shed is 50-80%;
5), gather: gathering after the mini cucumber maturation gets final product.
Embodiment 3
A kind of mini-vegetable greenhouse shed cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
1), select good mini pumpkin seed, standby;
2), point disk seedling growing, method is:
A. seed soaking sterilization: it is that 55 ℃ water soaks that the mini cucumber seeds in the step 1) is placed temperature, constantly stirs, and drops to 30 ℃ until water temperature, stops to stir, and it is freezing under 0 ℃ of condition then seed being transferred to temperature, cooling time 10h;
B, vernalization: be vernalization under 25-28 ℃ the condition in temperature, seed reaches 70% when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and is seeded in the dish of cave;
C, be to cultivate strong sprout under 26 ℃ the condition in temperature, the low temperature hardening was carried out in field planting in preceding 7 days, and the control on daytime of hardening temperature is at 22 ℃, and control at 15 ℃ night;
3), field planting in good time: when ground temperature reaches 12 ℃, begin field planting, field planting was watered and is made entropy in preceding 3 days, and seedling-slowing stage applies growth regulating fertilizer to mini pumpkin after finishing;
Described growth regulating fertilizer is that 50% chlormequat, mass concentration are that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ash and soya-bean cake mix by mass concentration, and the parts by weight of each component are respectively: mass concentration is that 50% 50 parts of chlormequats, mass concentration are 0.3% 10 parts of 15 parts of 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, ash, soya-bean cakes, 5 parts in saccharomycete; Concrete grammar is: be that 50% 50 parts of chlormequats, mass concentration are 0.3% 10 parts of 15 parts of 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, ash, soya-bean cakes, 5 parts in saccharomycete with mass concentration, be placed on temperature behind the mixing and be in 57 ℃ the fermenting cellar fermentation 5 days.
4), shed management:
A, temperature treatment: the temperature control in daytime is at 26-28 ℃ in the shed, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 10-20 ℃, is elevated to the process of temperature in daytime from nocturnal temperature, closes ventilating opening, and temperature is elevated to 28 ℃ of time spent 2h by 26 ℃;
B, illumination management: namely 7 of mornings open shade net, cover shade net again at 5 in afternoon;
C, fertilizer management: apply fertilizer to the mini pumpkin root 12cm of distance place when topdressing;
D, moisture management: the relative moisture control in the shed is 50-80%;
5), gather: gathering after the mini pumpkin maturation gets final product.
Claims (1)
1. a mini-vegetable greenhouse shed cultivation method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1), select good mini-vegetable seed, standby;
2), point disk seedling growing, method is:
A. seed soaking sterilization: it is that 50-55 ℃ water soaks that the mini-vegetable seed in the step 1) is placed temperature, constantly stirs, and drops to 30 ℃ until water temperature, stops to stir, and then seed is transferred to temperature for freezing under the-5-0 ℃ condition, cooling time 〉=10h;
B, vernalization: be vernalization under 25-28 ℃ the condition in temperature, seed reaches 70% when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and is seeded in the dish of cave;
C, be to cultivate strong sprout under 25-28 ℃ the condition in temperature, the low temperature hardening was carried out in field planting in preceding 7 days, and the control on daytime of hardening temperature is at 20-25 ℃, and control at 13-17 ℃ night;
3), field planting in good time: when ground temperature reaches 12 ℃, beginning field planting, and watered in preceding 3 days in field planting and to make entropy, seedling-slowing stage applies growth regulating fertilizer to mini-vegetable after finishing;
Described growth regulating fertilizer is that 50% chlormequat, mass concentration are that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ash and soya-bean cake mix by mass concentration, and the parts by weight of each component are respectively: mass concentration is that 50% 50 parts of chlormequats, mass concentration are 0.3% 10 parts of 15 parts of 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, ash, soya-bean cakes, 5 parts in saccharomycete;
4), shed management:
A, temperature treatment: the temperature control in daytime is at 26-28 ℃ in the shed, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 10-20 ℃, is elevated to the process of temperature in daytime from nocturnal temperature, closes ventilating opening, and temperature is elevated to 28 ℃ of time spent 1h at least by 26 ℃;
B, illumination management: namely 7-8 of mornings open shade net, cover shade net again at 4-5 in afternoon;
C, fertilizer management: apply fertilizer to distance mini-vegetable root 10-15cm place when topdressing;
D, moisture management: the relative moisture control in the shed is 50-80%;
5), gather: gathering after the mini-vegetable maturation gets final product.
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Cited By (1)
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CN102282987A (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2011-12-21 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Cultivation method for premature small watermelon |
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