CN101971757B - Cultivation method for oriental lily fresh cut-flower - Google Patents
Cultivation method for oriental lily fresh cut-flower Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for an oriental lily fresh cut-flower, which comprises the following steps of: carrying out different stages of rooting and low-temperature forced germination on handpicked refrigerated seed balls, then planting in a transformed ground substance, strictly controlling the illumination, the temperature, the humidity of each growing stage, and evenly applying all kinds of required fertilizers. In the invention, through low-temperature treatment in a refrigeration house before planting, the roots of the lily seed balls grow to a certain extent, the influence of the harmful factors, such as high temperature and the like, on root system growth in the growth process after planning is reduced, thereby ensuring the supply of the nutrient and the moisture for the plant, and the quality of the cut-flower is improved. By using the cultivation method, the oriental lily has the advantages of fine growth and development, high and robust plant, high cut-flower rate, excellent quality, long childbearing period, bright-coloured flower color, bright lamina, thick and rigid petal character, good insertion-resistance, and little appearing leaf burning; the cultivated lily plant has strong disease resistance and aromatic flavor; and the cultivation method has high use ratio of facility space and can shorten the growth cycle of the fresh cut-flower.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of floriculture field, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method of oriental hybrid lily fresh cut-flowers.
Background technology
Lily (Lilium spp) belongs to the Liliaceae lilium, for perennial bulb flowers, originates in ground such as China, Japan, Korea.Lily both had been fit to potted plant viewing and admiring, and compatibly planted again and made cut-flower usefulness, and underground bulb is edible or medicinal also, is one of world-renowned flowers.Lily cut flowers with upright and outspoken tall and graceful, the leaf color jade green of its scape, the florescence is long, flower shape is peculiar, pattern is gorgeous, color and luster is graceful, delicate fragrance is pleasant, the flower appearance is graceful and favored by the people of other countries; Become the main product in International Flower market; Again with luckiness, unity, the happy implied meaning of its " life-long happiness and perfect harmony "; More Chinese people like, become the top grade flower that China in recent years develops rapidly, and production scale and market comsupton are all in continuous expansion.At present fresh flower is cultivated main type Asia lily hybrid system, oriental hybrid lily hybrid system and Lilium longiflorum hybrid are arranged is three major types.And oriental hybrid lily is the famous-object in the lily, is one of best-selling flowers on the international market at present.In recent years, a lot of cities and counties of China produce the development lily as the crop mix adjustment, realize the important efficiently behave of agricultural year.Yet; Compare with flowers big countries such as Holland; China to view and admire lily commercialization cultivation history shorter; Cut-flower production also is at an early stage of development, and exists the single degeneration of kind, culture technique backwardness, extensive management, the harm of sick worm is serious, the cut-flower rate is low, cut-flower is of low quality, problem such as low in economic efficiency.
Current people are increasingly high to the lily cut flowers quality requirement, spray is long and sturdy such as requiring, flower bud is many and big, greenery are many, be reflected to lily concrete be exactly plant height, flower bud number, the number of blade in shape, performance that stem is thick will get well.Improve the quality of fresh cut-flowers, and culture technique seems particularly important.Particularly the production of oriental hybrid lily fresh cut-flowers is higher to the culture technique requirement, and the growth cycle of oriental lily is longer, the factor numerous (like illumination, temperature, humidity cultivation matrixes etc.) of influence growth, and production technology is complicated, and it is big that the florescence is controlled difficulty.Bad phenomenon such as lopsided flower bud, bud drop, blade be shrivelled also often occur with existing method cultivation lily, thereby seriously influenced the quality of cut-flower.Because at present high-quality oriental hybrid lily cut-flower is few, is difficult to satisfy market demand, therefore, research and inquirement oriental hybrid lily high-quality forcing culture method has active operation significance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides the cultivation method of the oriental hybrid lily fresh cut-flowers that a kind of cultivation quality is good, the cut-flower rate is high.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
A kind of cultivation method of oriental hybrid lily fresh cut-flowers may further comprise the steps,
(1) plant ball and select fresh full, complete, the anosis worm of scale consolidation, basal disc main root sturdy, week footpath 14～18cm, sprouting growing point height accounts for the bulb height more than 70%, and the sprouting height is less than 3cm;
(2) planting ball handles and adds root-growing agent with the 0.1% at least a aqueous solution in carbendazim, potassium permanganate, the tpn and will plant ball and soak 20～40 minutes;
(3) freezer is taken root and is arranged in kind of ball case through the kind ball that soaks, and adds the moist peat composed of rotten mosses (water content 65～75%) and covers, and puts into freezer then, regulates temperature according to following situation:
If prepare 7, plant August, it is 22～25 ℃ that the phase I is regulated temperature of ice house earlier, places 30～50 hours; It is 15～18 ℃ that second stage is regulated freezer, places 40～50 hours; Phase III: temperature is adjusted into 9～14 ℃, till stem-root, root of hair sign are arranged; Generally need about 12 days, the different cultivars freezer temperature of taking root is slightly variant: the Siberia treatment temperature is wanted low 1～2 ℃ of peso nation.
Lily ball directly places under the awfully hot environment from-1.5 ℃ freezer, and kind club is impaired, and petal can reduce or disappear downright bad to growing point appearance damage phenomenon even blackening, so plant lily in hot season, must slowly thaw earlier; And in hot season, if directly lily ball is sowed in the greenhouse, because soil temperature is too high, stem-root can depauperation or to be enclosed in kind of ball scale inner, can cause plant can't absorb nutrient well, and finally the quality to flower produces very big influence.
If prepare plantation in 9～November, then carry out above-mentioned second stage and phase III to get final product;
Following table 1 is the experimental control under the equal conditions (take root the step except that freezer, other experimental condition is identical)
The test effect that table 1 freezer is taken root
(4) the new matrix of matrix treatments is with well-rotted farmyard manure: sandy soil: garden mould=0.8～1.2: 2.5～3.5: 6～8 weight ratio configuration, or with peat: cinder: garden mould=0.8～1.2: 1.5～2.5: 15～18 weight ratio configuration; Then remove plant residue wherein for old matrix, and when its EC value is higher than 1.5ms/cm, clean, and old matrix is carried out steam sterilization or chemical disinfection with big flood;
Lily require loosing soil, ventilative, permeable, like slightly acidic sandy soil, to the soil salt content sensitivity; Basic soil can be used Cosan 50kg/667m
2About, an amount of Cosan can promote that also plant takes root.
(5) field planting when plantation kind spheroblast point upwards put in matrix proper, 30～45/m of planting density
2, seeding row spacing 8～15 * 20～25cm, planting depth is 2～3 times of its kind ball height; Planting density is different because of kind, bulb size and seasonal factor, and spring and summer, but dense planting, winter, sunlight was answered thin planting a little less than.
(6) germination period management soil moisture content remains on 80～85%, and air humidity is controlled to be 50～80%, and soil temperature keeps 12～18 ℃, and temperature keeps 10～25 ℃, lily seedling phase intensity of illumination regulation and control 10000～15000lux; Need not apply fertilizer in 3～4 weeks after the field planting;
(7) growing season management soil moisture content remains on 50～60%, and air humidity is controlled to be 50～80%, and temperature keeps 15～25 ℃, and intensity of illumination is controlled to be 20000～25000lux, begins to impose during lily stem stalk length to 10～15cm, can be by N: P
2O: K
2O is 10～15: 6～10: 18～25 ratio preparation compound fertilizer, and by each 8～12kg/667m
2Impose, whenever executed 1 time, until picking flowers preceding 3 weeks at a distance from 10～15 days; Can select nitrate of lime, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, MAP, potassium sulphate, ammonium sulfate, urea etc. for use.
(8) manage soil moisture content reproduction period and remain on 40～50%, relative air humidity is controlled at 30～60%, and temperature keeps 12～28 ℃; Gather until fresh flower.
In said step (2), root-growing agent is 2000 times of liquid of methyl.
In said step (7), begin to draw in the net lodging-prevention to 30～40cm in that lily is long.
In said step (8), the side flower bud above when the 5th bud length to 0.3～0.5cm, in time extracing according to the growth potential of plant is confirmed 4～5 buds of reservation; Ample supply with the attractive in appearance and nutrition that guarantees spray; Make the flower size consistent, spray is neat, improves liliaceous commodity.
In said step (7) and/or (8), if meet continuous rainy weather,, can adopt the artificial illumination light filling, per 8～10m for promoting early flowering at winter-spring season
2One of the incandescent lamp of 200 watts of bands of seedbed suspension tinfoil paper reflector, every day, light filling was 4～8 hours.
In said step (7), after the week of topdressing for the first time, to carry out trace element and replenish, method is foliage-spray 0.1% chelated iron, sprays weekly once later on, the blade face sprays 2～4 times altogether; And after the first time, chelated iron applied fertilizer a week, foliage-spray 0.1% zinc sulphate+0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, later per two weeks spray once, spray the blade face altogether 3～5 times, so just can reduce the generation of all nutritional deficiency phenomenons that plant occurs in process of growth.
In said step (7) and/or (8), the carbendazim with 50% or its mix the back with 1.4～1.6g/m with 100 times of liquid of 50% ambam
2Amount irritate root, with the prevention disease.
In said step (4), matrix is carried out chemical disinfection: the formalin with 40% was made into 1: 50 or 1: 100 soup is splashed soil, consumption 2～3kg/m with following method
2, the back of splashing covers 3～5d with plastic film, opens airing 5～7d and can plant.
If in greenhouse or booth, cultivate, can improve gas concentration lwevel in greenhouse or the booth to about the 1000ppm, then can significantly promote the growth of lily, it is more strong, greener that plant becomes, and the probability of piptobiast is littler.
The present invention has actively useful effect:
1. the freezer low temperature treatment that lily ball carries out before field planting among the present invention; Make its root that growth to a certain degree arranged; Reduced after the field planting in the process of growth undesirable element such as high temperature to the influence of root system development, thereby guaranteed supply, improved the quality of cut-flower plant nutrition, moisture.
2. the oriental hybrid lily of the inventive method cultivation grows, plant height and stalwartness, and the cut-flower rate is high, and article are of fine quality, and breeding time is long, and pattern is bright-coloured, and blade is vivid, and the petal quality is abundant stiffening, and anti-slotting property is good, leaf seldom occurs and burns; The lily plant disease resistance that cultivates is strong, aromatic flavour.
3. the facility space availability is high, and the growth cycle of fresh cut-flowers shortens.
Embodiment
Carry out the experiment in cultivation of the inventive method in No. 2 booths in flower planting base, Huojia County, embodiment 12008 annual Xinxiang, step is following:
(1) plant the Siberia kind ball that ball is selected imported from Holland, selection criteria: fresh full, complete, the anosis worm of scale consolidation, the sturdy quantity of basal disc main root are more; Week footpath 14～16cm, equilibrium degree are good; Sprouting growing point height accounts for the bulb height more than 70%; The reparation of kind bulb eye is good, bud is sturdy, bud heart pink; The sprouting height is less than 3cm;
(2) plant ball and handle and to plant after the ball case opens, handle, add root-growing agent (2000 times of liquid of methyl) simultaneously and will plant ball immersion 40 minutes with 1000 times of liquid disinfectants of Bavistin dilution of 50%;
(3) freezer is taken root through after the immersion treatment, will plant ball by 65～75 in every case (75 of 14/16 specification, 16/18 specification 65), is placed in turn in kind of the ball case, adds and puts into freezer then after the moist peat composed of rotten mosses (water content 70%) covers;
Phase I: the plantation in July, because ambient temperature is too high, be difficult for directly putting refrigerated storage temperature, regulating temperature of ice house is 22～25 ℃, places 48 hours;
It is 15～18 ℃ that second stage is regulated freezer, places 72 hours;
Phase III: temperature is adjusted into 9～14 ℃, till stem-root root of hair sign is arranged, the freezer end of taking root.
(4) matrix treatments adopts farmyard manure+sandy soil+garden mould method of mixing to improve the soil, and three's ratio is 1: 3: 7;
(5) field planting when plantation kind spheroblast point upwards put in matrix proper, 30～40/m of planting density
2, seeding row spacing 15 * 20cm, planting depth is 8～10cm;
(6) germination period management soil moisture remains on 80～85%, and air humidity is controlled to be 50～80%, and soil temperature keeps 12～18 ℃; Temperature keeps 10～25 ℃; Lily seedling phase intensity of illumination is controlled to be 10000～15000lux, and shelter from heat or light with the sunshade net this period, and the cloudy day is opened the sunshade net; Entirely shade about height of seedling 35cm from sowing summer, selects 70～80% sunshade nets for use; Need not apply fertilizer in 4 weeks after the field planting;
(7) growing season management soil moisture content remains on 50～60%, and air humidity is controlled to be 50～80%, and temperature keeps 15～25 ℃, and intensity of illumination is controlled to be 20000～25000lux, begins to impose during lily stem stalk length to 10～15cm, can be by N: P
2O: K
2O is 14: 7: 21 a ratio preparation compound fertilizer, by each 10kg/667m
2Impose, whenever executed 1 time, until picking flowers preceding 3 weeks at a distance from 12 days; Select for use nitrate of lime, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, MAP, potassium sulphate, ammonium sulfate, urea etc. to allocate.
After the week of topdressing for the first time, carry out trace element and replenish, method is foliage-spray 0.1% chelated iron, sprays weekly once later on, and the blade face sprays 4 times altogether; And after the first time, chelated iron applied fertilizer a week, foliage-spray 0.1% zinc sulphate+0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, later per two weeks spray once, spray the blade face altogether 4 times, to reduce the generation of all nutritional deficiency phenomenons that plant occurs in process of growth.
Begin to draw in the net lodging-prevention to 40cm in that lily is long.
In vegetative period and/or the management in reproduction period, meet continuous rainy weather, adopt the artificial illumination light filling, every 10m
2One of the incandescent lamp of 200 watts of bands of seedbed suspension tinfoil paper reflector, every day, light filling was 6～8 hours; Carbendazim with 50% is with 1.5g/m
2Amount irritate root, with the prevention disease.
(8) manage soil moisture content reproduction period and remain on 40～50%, relative air humidity is controlled at 30～60%, and temperature keeps 8～25 ℃; Side flower bud above when the 5th bud length to 0.3～0.5cm, in time extracing according to the growth potential of plant; 4～5 buds that confirm to keep, the ample supply with attractive in appearance and the nutrition that guarantees spray makes flower size unanimity; Spray is neat, improves liliaceous commodity; Carry out fresh flower to the eve on National Day and gather, cut-flower rate (the spray number of gathering accounts for the percentage of the total strain number of plantation) 98.7%, one-level flower rate is 87.7%, average bud length 11.9cm.
Carry out the experiment in cultivation of the inventive method in No. 3 booths in flower planting base, Huojia County, embodiment 22009 annual Xinxiang, step is following:
(1) planting ball selects the Sol nation (Sorbonne) of imported from Holland to plant ball, selection criteria: fresh full, complete, the anosis worm of scale consolidation, the sturdy quantity of basal disc main root are more; Week footpath 14～18cm, equilibrium degree are good; Sprouting growing point height accounts for the bulb height more than 70%; The reparation of kind bulb eye is good, bud is sturdy, bud heart pink; The sprouting height is less than 3cm;
(2) plant ball and handle and to plant after the ball case opens, add root-growing agent (2000 times of liquid of methyl) with the 0.1% tpn aqueous solution and soaked the kind ball 30 minutes;
(3) freezer is taken root through after the immersion treatment, will plant ball by 65～75 in every case (75 of 14/16 specification, 16/18 specification 65), is placed in turn in kind of the ball case, adds and puts into freezer then after the moist peat composed of rotten mosses (water content 75%) covers;
Regulating freezer is 15～18 ℃, places 70 hours; And then temperature is adjusted into 9～14 ℃, till stem-root root of hair sign is arranged.
(4) matrix treatments is removed the plant residue in the old matrix in the former canopy, cleans with broad irrigation, and its EC value is lower than in 1.5ms/cm, and using 40% formalin and water to be made into volume ratio is 1: 50 the soup interior matrix of canopy of splashing, consumption 2.5kg/m
2, the back of splashing covers 4d with plastic film, plants after opening airing 6d;
(5) plantation in field planting September, during plantation kind spheroblast point upwards put in matrix proper, 35/m of planting density
2, seeding row spacing is suitable, and planting depth is 8～10cm;
(6) germination period management soil moisture content remains on 80～85%, and air humidity is controlled to be 50～70%, and soil temperature keeps 12～18 ℃, and temperature keeps 10～20 ℃, and lily seedling phase intensity of illumination is controlled to be about 12000lux; Need not apply fertilizer in 3 weeks after the field planting;
(7) growing season management soil moisture content remains on 50～60%, and air humidity is controlled to be 50～70%, and temperature keeps 15～20 ℃, and intensity of illumination is controlled to be 24000lux, and lily stem stalk begins to topdress when growing to 10cm, can be by N: P
2O: K
2O is 15: 9: 22 a ratio preparation compound fertilizer, presses 12kg/667m at every turn
2Impose, whenever executed 1 time, until picking flowers preceding 3 weeks at a distance from 11 days; In the management of vegetative period and/or reproduction period, winter and meet continuous rainy weather, adopt the artificial illumination light filling, every 8m
2One of the incandescent lamp of 200 watts of bands of seedbed suspension tinfoil paper reflector, every day, light filling was 6～8 hours;
(8) manage soil moisture content reproduction period and remain on 40～50%, relative air humidity is controlled at 30～55%, and temperature keeps 12～18 ℃; Side flower bud above when the 5th bud length to 0.3～0.5cm, in time extracing according to the growth potential of plant; 4～5 buds that confirm to keep, the ample supply with attractive in appearance and the nutrition that guarantees spray makes flower size unanimity; Spray is neat, improves liliaceous commodity; Carry out fresh flower to the eve on New Year's Day and gather, cut-flower rate (the spray number of gathering accounts for the percentage of the total strain number of plantation) 96.8%, one-level flower rate is 85.6%, average bud length 11.2cm.
Claims (8)
1. the cultivation method of an oriental hybrid lily fresh cut-flowers may further comprise the steps:
(1) planting ball selects: select fresh full, complete, the anosis worm of scale consolidation, the basal disc main root is sturdy, and week footpath 14～18cm, sprouting growing point height accounts for the bulb height more than 70%, and the sprouting height is less than the kind ball of 3cm;
(2) planting ball handles: add root-growing agent with the 0.1% at least a aqueous solution in carbendazim, potassium permanganate, the tpn and will plant ball immersion 20～40 minutes;
(3) freezer is taken root: the kind ball through soaking is arranged in kind of ball case, and the peat composed of rotten mosses that adds water content 65～75% covers, and thickness 2～3cm puts into freezer then, regulates temperature according to following situation:
If prepare 7, plant August, it is 22～25 ℃ that the phase I is regulated temperature of ice house earlier, places 30～50 hours; It is 15～18 ℃ that second stage is regulated freezer, places 70～80 hours; Phase III: temperature is adjusted into 9～14 ℃, till stem-root, root of hair sign are arranged;
If prepare plantation in 9～November, then carry out above-mentioned second stage and phase III to get final product;
(4) matrix treatments: new matrix is with well-rotted farmyard manure: sandy soil: garden mould=0.8～1.2: 2.5～3.5: 6～8 weight ratio configuration, or with peat: cinder: garden mould=0.8～1.2: 1.5～2.5: 15～18 weight ratio configuration; Then remove plant residue wherein for old matrix, and when its EC value is higher than 1.5ms/cm, clean, and old matrix is carried out steam sterilization or chemical disinfection with big flood;
(5) field planting: during plantation kind spheroblast point upwards put in matrix proper, 30～45/m of planting density
2, seeding row spacing 8～15 * 20～25cm, planting depth is 2～3 times of its kind ball height;
(6) germination period management: soil moisture content remains on 80～85%, and relative air humidity is controlled to be 50～80%, and soil temperature keeps 12～18 ℃, and temperature keeps 10～25 ℃, lily seedling phase intensity of illumination regulation and control 10000～15000lux; Need not apply fertilizer in 3～4 weeks after the field planting;
(7) growing season management: soil moisture content remains on 50～60%, and relative air humidity is controlled to be 50～80%, and temperature keeps 15～25 ℃, and intensity of illumination is controlled to be 20000～25000lux, begins to impose during lily stem stalk length to 10～15cm, can be by N: P
2O: K
2O is 10～15: 6～10: 18～25 ratio preparation compound fertilizer, and by each 8～12kg/667m
2Impose, whenever executed 1 time, until picking flowers preceding 3 weeks at a distance from 10～15 days;
(8) management in reproduction period: soil moisture content remains on 40～50%, and relative air humidity is controlled at 30～60%, and temperature keeps 12～28 ℃; Gather until fresh flower.
2. the cultivation method of oriental hybrid lily fresh cut-flowers according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in said step (2), root-growing agent is 2000 times of liquid of methyl.
3. the cultivation method of oriental hybrid lily fresh cut-flowers according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in said step (7), begins to draw in the net lodging-prevention to 30～40cm in that lily is long.
4. the cultivation method of oriental hybrid lily fresh cut-flowers according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in said step (8), the side flower bud above when the 5th bud length to 0.3～0.5cm, in time extracing according to the growth potential of plant is confirmed 4～5 buds of reservation.
5. the cultivation method of oriental hybrid lily fresh cut-flowers according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in said step (7) and/or (8), if meet continuous rainy weather, for promoting early flowering, can adopt the artificial illumination light filling, per 8～10m at winter-spring season
2One of the incandescent lamp of 200 watts of bands of seedbed suspension tinfoil paper reflector, every day, light filling was 4～8 hours.
6. the cultivation method of oriental hybrid lily fresh cut-flowers according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in said step (7); After the week of topdressing for the first time, carrying out trace element replenishes; Method is foliage-spray 0.1% chelated iron, sprays weekly once later on, and the blade face sprays 2～4 times altogether; And after the first time, chelated iron applied fertilizer a week, foliage-spray 0.1% zinc sulphate+0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, later per two weeks spray once, and foliage-spray is 3～5 times altogether.
7. the cultivation method of oriental hybrid lily fresh cut-flowers according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in said step (7) and/or (8), the carbendazim with 50% or its mix the back with 1.4～1.6g/m with 100 times of liquid of 50% ambam
2Amount irritate root, with the prevention disease.
8. the cultivation method of oriental hybrid lily fresh cut-flowers according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; In said step (4), matrix is carried out chemical disinfection: the formalin with 40% was made into 1: 50 or 1: 100 soup is splashed soil, consumption 2～3kg/m with following method
2, the back of splashing covers 3～5d with plastic film, opens airing 5～7d and can plant.
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