CN105340586A - High-yield high-sweetness grafting cultivation method of watermelons - Google Patents
High-yield high-sweetness grafting cultivation method of watermelons Download PDFInfo
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- CN105340586A CN105340586A CN201510760563.5A CN201510760563A CN105340586A CN 105340586 A CN105340586 A CN 105340586A CN 201510760563 A CN201510760563 A CN 201510760563A CN 105340586 A CN105340586 A CN 105340586A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
Provided is a high-yield high-sweetness grafting cultivation method of watermelons. The method comprises following steps of: 1), selecting bottle gourds as grafting rootstocks, defining the grating period in which a first main leaf of rootstock seedlings expands and scion spear leaf has a terminal bud; 2), plucking scions from a seedling bank and grating with rootstocks and transplanting grating seedlings to seedbeds inside a greenhouse, thoroughly watering and erecting a small arched shed; (3) sealing the small arched shed after transplanting for 3 to 4 days and not ventilating the greenhouse; (4) ventilating the small arched shed from two sides after transplanting for 4 to 5 days, removing the small arched shed for 7 to 10 days and performing normal seedling stage management; (6) keeping temperature of the greenhouse within the range of 20 to 25 DEG C during the daytime and night temperature within the range of 12 to 15 DEG C during normal seedling stage management; (7) separating leafbuds from flower buds when melon seedlings have two to three leafs, controlling growth of the overground part and prompting root growth; (8) sprinkling warm water of 35 degrees at 10 a.m. and scattering a layer of dry fine soil the second day to trench surface when seedbeds become dry; and (9) thoroughly watering to the seedbeds on sunny days, starting field planting and adopting normal methods for field planting and management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant husbandry technical field, be specifically related to the high sweet engrafting and cultivating method of a kind of yield production of water melon.
Background technology
Watermelon juice multi-flavor is sweet, and matter is carefully cool in nature, food tasty and refreshing, is that China is that cultivating watermelon area is maximum in the world, the country that output is maximum, and long-term area is more than 2,000 ten thousand mu deeply by the good merchantable brand quenched one's thirst of relieving summer heat in summer of consumers.Cultivating watermelon seedling is one of link very important in production management.Traditional watermelon seedling culturing mainly takes direct sowing and seedling, but it is long to there is seedling raise period, need the deficiency such as the amount of kind is large, of poor quality, to this, be also improved to watermelon autumn branches seedling raising manners, but because of grafting speed slow, survival rate is not high, and production cost is high, can not adapt to large area for deficiencies such as seedlings.
Watermelon blight is one of the most serious soil-transmitted disease of current watermelon disserve to produce, for many years, watermelon blight becomes the Major Diseases threatening watermelon to produce, in production, annual withered pathogenetic area accounts for 30% ~ 40% of the total area under cultivation of watermelon, especially the most serious with second crop soil, generally cause the underproduction of more than 60%, severe one full field total crop failure.Owing to still lacking the improved seeds of high resistance or high resistance to watermelon blight, continuous cropping the yield of watermelon obviously declines, and fruit quality also obviously declines.For prevention or the harm of minimizing watermelon blight, traditional way is crop rotation watermelon and other vegetables carried out 4 ~ 6 years.Although this method can alleviate the harm of watermelon blight, the crop rotation time is long, is not suitable for the requirement of watermelon specialization in production and industrialization.
Summary of the invention
It is high that technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of fruit quality, the high sweet engrafting and cultivating method of the yield production of water melon that mouthfeel is good.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
The high sweet engrafting and cultivating method of a kind of yield production of water melon, comprises following methods step:
(1) select local raw cucurbit or pumpkin as graft stock, in the expansion of rootstock seedling rough leaf, scion lobus cardiacus is revealed as being grafting time during terminal bud;
(2) select insertion method to carry out grafting, scion pulled up from Miao Ku, tremble clean earth, the lower cutter in 0.5cm place under cotyledon, be whittled into long tapered ramp, the edge of a knife is straight; Stock is pulled up, and lobus cardiacus is removed, with bamboo let tip (rugosity is similar with scion hypocotyl) along the two continuous directions of cotyledon, under 75 degree of angles bundles tilt by cotyledonary node to opposite side, use finger clamp stock cotyledon hypocotyl, feel bamboo let is degree, but does not puncture stock hypocotyl epidermis simultaneously;
(3) bamboo let is extracted insertion scion, scion cotyledon across vertical with stock cotyledon, rapidly grafting is transplanted to by the distance between rows and hills of 10cm × 10cm on the seedbed in booth, water permeable, seal soil, Small plastic shed on frame, covers tightly film;
(4) within 3-4 days, will seal Small plastic shed after transplanting, make in canopy stuffy, day temperature 28-30 DEG C, night is 18-20 DEG C only, air humidity more than 98% always; If sunlight is strong before midday, booth suitably shelters from heat or light;
(5) transplant after 4-5 days, can ventilate at Small plastic shed two, later stronger ventilation amount gradually, can Small plastic shed be removed after 7-10, enter field run plant period management;
(6) during field run plant period management, daytime, greenhouse temperature controlled at 20-25 DEG C, and night temperatures controls at 12-15 DEG C, carried out low temperature hardening;
(7) when melon seedling is in the 2-3 sheet leaf phase, leaf bud and bud will break up simultaneously, suitably control aerial growth, promote root growth and development; Day temperature 20-25 DEG C in management, night temperature 13-10 DEG C, straw screen or mat will early take off late lid, the prolonging light time;
(8), when finding seedbed arid, at the warm water of the sprinkling morning about 10 about 35 DEG C, the dry fine earth of thin layer within second day, can be sprinkled to furrow face, is beneficial to the diseases prevention that preserves soil moisture;
(9) select bright day gas, in advance seedbed is watered permeable, then carry out field planting, field planting and follow-up management adopt normal method.
Further, the dry fine earth spread in step (8) is made up of the component of following weight portion: vegetable garden soil 80, leaf mould 5 parts, 5 parts, mountain mud, 2 parts, the mud in dry cellar for storing things, 2 parts, sawdust, egg shell 0.5 part, chrysanthemum 0.2 part, clove leaf 0.2 part, neem bark 0.5 part, Os Sus domestica powder 0.2 part, 0.5 part, capsicum leaf, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 parts, Pidolidone 0.4 part, marine alga 2 parts; In preparation, mix after above-mentioned raw materials is pulverized; This dry fine earth not only can reach the effect of water conservation moisturizing, also can provide the nutrient needed for melon seedling normal growth, reduces the generation of melon seedling diseases insect pest simultaneously.
Further, add in the warm water sprayed in step (8) and have antibacterials, wherein add nimbin 5g, purple sweet potato cyanidin 5g, cortex phellodendri extract 15ml, saponin 10g, pomegranate seed extract 5g, Banlangen 5g, chitin 10g, cationic starch 50g, fulvic acid 50g, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 10g in every 1000ml warm water; Pesticidal and sterilizing effect well can be played after sprinkling.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the Watermelon Fruit utilizing grafting cultivation method of the present invention to cultivate is large, and taste is sweet, and mouthfeel is good; Solve the problem that watermelon blight occurs simultaneously, the use of process of growth Pesticides can be reduced, meet the requirement of environmental protection.
Embodiment
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, setting forth the present invention further.
Embodiment 1
The high sweet engrafting and cultivating method of a kind of yield production of water melon, comprises following methods step:
(1) select local raw cucurbit as graft stock, in the expansion of rootstock seedling rough leaf, scion lobus cardiacus is revealed as being grafting time during terminal bud;
(2) select insertion method to carry out grafting, scion pulled up from Miao Ku, tremble clean earth, the lower cutter in 0.5cm place under cotyledon, be whittled into long tapered ramp, the edge of a knife is straight; Stock is pulled up, and lobus cardiacus is removed, with bamboo let tip (rugosity is similar with scion hypocotyl) along the two continuous directions of cotyledon, under 75 degree of angles bundles tilt by cotyledonary node to opposite side, use finger clamp stock cotyledon hypocotyl, feel bamboo let is degree, but does not puncture stock hypocotyl epidermis simultaneously;
(3) bamboo let is extracted insertion scion, scion cotyledon across vertical with stock cotyledon, rapidly grafting is transplanted to by the distance between rows and hills of 10cm × 10cm on the seedbed in booth, water permeable, seal soil, Small plastic shed on frame, covers tightly film;
(4) within 3-4 days, will seal Small plastic shed after transplanting, make in canopy stuffy, day temperature 28-30 DEG C, night is 18-20 DEG C only, air humidity more than 98% always; If sunlight is strong before midday, booth suitably shelters from heat or light;
(5) transplant after 4-5 days, can ventilate at Small plastic shed two, later stronger ventilation amount gradually, can Small plastic shed be removed after 7-10, enter field run plant period management;
(6) during field run plant period management, daytime, greenhouse temperature controlled at 20-25 DEG C, and night temperatures controls at 12-15 DEG C, carried out low temperature hardening;
(7) when melon seedling is in the 2-3 sheet leaf phase, leaf bud and bud will break up simultaneously, suitably control aerial growth, promote root growth and development; Day temperature 20-25 DEG C in management, night temperature 13-10 DEG C, straw screen or mat will early take off late lid, the prolonging light time;
(8), when finding seedbed arid, at the warm water of the sprinkling morning about 10 about 35 DEG C, the dry fine earth of thin layer within second day, can be sprinkled to furrow face, is beneficial to the diseases prevention that preserves soil moisture;
(9) select cold tail to warm up the fine day of head, in advance seedbed is watered permeable, start field planting, field planting and management adopt normal method.
Embodiment 2
The high sweet engrafting and cultivating method of a kind of yield production of water melon, comprises following methods step:
(1) select local raw cucurbit as graft stock, in the expansion of rootstock seedling rough leaf, scion lobus cardiacus is revealed as being grafting time during terminal bud;
(2) select insertion method to carry out grafting, scion pulled up from Miao Ku, tremble clean earth, the lower cutter in 0.5cm place under cotyledon, be whittled into long tapered ramp, the edge of a knife is straight; Stock is pulled up, and lobus cardiacus is removed, with bamboo let tip (rugosity is similar with scion hypocotyl) along the two continuous directions of cotyledon, under 75 degree of angles bundles tilt by cotyledonary node to opposite side, use finger clamp stock cotyledon hypocotyl, feel bamboo let is degree, but does not puncture stock hypocotyl epidermis simultaneously;
(3) bamboo let is extracted insertion scion, scion cotyledon across vertical with stock cotyledon, rapidly grafting is transplanted to by the distance between rows and hills of 10cm × 10cm on the seedbed in booth, water permeable, seal soil, Small plastic shed on frame, covers tightly film;
(4) within 3-4 days, will seal Small plastic shed after transplanting, make in canopy stuffy, day temperature 28-30 DEG C, night is 18-20 DEG C only, air humidity more than 98% always; If sunlight is strong before midday, booth suitably shelters from heat or light;
(5) transplant after 4-5 days, can ventilate at Small plastic shed two, later stronger ventilation amount gradually, can Small plastic shed be removed after 7-10, enter field run plant period management;
(6) during field run plant period management, daytime, greenhouse temperature controlled at 20-25 DEG C, and night temperatures controls at 12-15 DEG C, carried out low temperature hardening;
(7) when melon seedling is in the 2-3 sheet leaf phase, leaf bud and bud will break up simultaneously, suitably control aerial growth, promote root growth and development; Day temperature 20-25 DEG C in management, night temperature 13-10 DEG C, straw screen or mat will early take off late lid, the prolonging light time;
(8), when finding seedbed arid, at the warm water of the sprinkling morning about 10 about 35 DEG C, the dry fine earth of thin layer within second day, can be sprinkled to furrow face, is beneficial to the diseases prevention that preserves soil moisture;
(9) select cold tail to warm up the fine day of head, in advance seedbed is watered permeable, start field planting, field planting and management adopt normal method.
Further, the dry fine earth spread in step (8) is made up of the component of following weight portion: vegetable garden soil 80, leaf mould 5 parts, 5 parts, mountain mud, 2 parts, the mud in dry cellar for storing things, 2 parts, sawdust, egg shell 0.5 part, chrysanthemum 0.2 part, clove leaf 0.2 part, neem bark 0.5 part, Os Sus domestica powder 0.2 part, 0.5 part, capsicum leaf, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 parts, Pidolidone 0.4 part, marine alga 2 parts; In preparation, mix after above-mentioned raw materials is pulverized; This dry fine earth not only can reach the effect of water conservation moisturizing, also can provide the nutrient needed for melon seedling normal growth, reduces the generation of melon seedling diseases insect pest simultaneously.
Further, add in the warm water sprayed in step (8) and have antibacterials, wherein add nimbin 5g, purple sweet potato cyanidin 5g, cortex phellodendri extract 15ml, saponin 10g, pomegranate seed extract 5g, Banlangen 5g, chitin 10g, cationic starch 50g, fulvic acid 50g, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 10g in every 1000ml warm water; Pesticidal and sterilizing effect well can be played after sprinkling.
Embodiment 3
The high sweet engrafting and cultivating method of a kind of yield production of water melon, comprises following methods step:
(1) select local raw pumpkin as graft stock, launch rootstock seedling rough leaf, scion lobus cardiacus is revealed as being grafting time during terminal bud;
(2) select insertion method to carry out grafting, scion pulled up from Miao Ku, tremble clean earth, the lower cutter in 0.5cm place under cotyledon, be whittled into long tapered ramp, the edge of a knife is straight; Stock is pulled up, and lobus cardiacus is removed, with bamboo let tip (rugosity is similar with scion hypocotyl) along the two continuous directions of cotyledon, under 75 degree of angles bundles tilt by cotyledonary node to opposite side, use finger clamp stock cotyledon hypocotyl, feel bamboo let is degree, but does not puncture stock hypocotyl epidermis simultaneously;
(3) bamboo let is extracted insertion scion, scion cotyledon across vertical with stock cotyledon, rapidly grafting is transplanted to by the distance between rows and hills of 10cm × 10cm on the seedbed in booth, water permeable, seal soil, Small plastic shed on frame, covers tightly film;
(4) within 3-4 days, will seal Small plastic shed after transplanting, make in canopy stuffy, day temperature 28-30 DEG C, night is 18-20 DEG C only, air humidity more than 98% always; If sunlight is strong before midday, booth suitably shelters from heat or light;
(5) transplant after 4-5 days, can ventilate at Small plastic shed two, later stronger ventilation amount gradually, can Small plastic shed be removed after 7-10, enter field run plant period management;
(6) during field run plant period management, daytime, greenhouse temperature controlled at 20-25 DEG C, and night temperatures controls at 12-15 DEG C, carried out low temperature hardening;
(7) when melon seedling is in the 2-3 sheet leaf phase, leaf bud and bud will break up simultaneously, suitably control aerial growth, promote root growth and development; Day temperature 20-25 DEG C in management, night temperature 13-10 DEG C, straw screen or mat will early take off late lid, the prolonging light time;
(8), when finding seedbed arid, at the warm water of the sprinkling morning about 10 about 35 DEG C, the dry fine earth of thin layer within second day, can be sprinkled to furrow face, is beneficial to the diseases prevention that preserves soil moisture;
(9) select cold tail to warm up the fine day of head, in advance seedbed is watered permeable, start field planting, field planting and management adopt normal method.
Further, the dry fine earth spread in step (8) is made up of the component of following weight portion: vegetable garden soil 80, leaf mould 5 parts, 5 parts, mountain mud, 2 parts, the mud in dry cellar for storing things, 2 parts, sawdust, egg shell 0.5 part, chrysanthemum 0.2 part, clove leaf 0.2 part, neem bark 0.5 part, Os Sus domestica powder 0.2 part, 0.5 part, capsicum leaf, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 parts, Pidolidone 0.4 part, marine alga 2 parts; In preparation, mix after above-mentioned raw materials is pulverized; This dry fine earth not only can reach the effect of water conservation moisturizing, also can provide the nutrient needed for melon seedling normal growth, reduces the generation of melon seedling diseases insect pest simultaneously.
Further, add in the warm water sprayed in step (8) and have disease-resistant drug, wherein add nimbin 5g, purple sweet potato cyanidin 5g, cortex phellodendri extract 15ml, saponin 10g, pomegranate seed extract 5g, Banlangen 5g, chitin 10g, cationic starch 50g, fulvic acid 50g, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 10g in every 1000ml warm water; Pesticidal and sterilizing effect well can be played after sprinkling.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. the high sweet engrafting and cultivating method of yield production of water melon, is characterized in that, comprise following methods step:
(1) select local raw cucurbit or pumpkin as graft stock, in the expansion of rootstock seedling rough leaf, scion lobus cardiacus is revealed as being grafting time during terminal bud;
(2) select insertion method to carry out grafting, scion pulled up from Miao Ku, tremble clean earth, the lower cutter in 0.5cm place under cotyledon, be whittled into long tapered ramp, the edge of a knife is straight; Stock is pulled up, and lobus cardiacus is removed, most advanced and sophisticated along the two continuous directions of cotyledon with bamboo let, and under tilting 75 degree of angles bundles by cotyledonary node to opposite side, use finger clamp stock cotyledon hypocotyl, feel bamboo let is degree, but does not puncture stock hypocotyl epidermis simultaneously;
(3) bamboo let is extracted insertion scion, scion cotyledon across vertical with stock cotyledon, rapidly grafting is transplanted to by the distance between rows and hills of 10cm × 10cm on the seedbed in booth, water permeable, seal soil, Small plastic shed on frame, covers tightly film;
(4) within 3-4 days, will seal Small plastic shed after transplanting, make in canopy stuffy, day temperature 28-30 DEG C, night is 18-20 DEG C only, air humidity more than 98% always; If sunlight is strong before midday, booth suitably shelters from heat or light;
(5) transplant after 4-5 days, ventilate at Small plastic shed two, later stronger ventilation amount gradually, can Small plastic shed be removed after 7-10, enter field run plant period management;
(6) during field run plant period management, daytime, greenhouse temperature controlled at 20-25 DEG C, and night temperatures controls at 12-15 DEG C, carried out low temperature hardening;
(7) when melon seedling is in the 2-3 sheet leaf phase, leaf bud and bud will break up simultaneously, suitably control aerial growth, promote root growth and development; Day temperature 20-25 DEG C in management, night temperature 13-10 DEG C, straw screen or mat will early take off late lid, the prolonging light time;
(8), when finding seedbed arid, at the warm water of the sprinkling morning about 10 about 35 DEG C, the dry fine earth of thin layer within second day, can be sprinkled to furrow face, is beneficial to the diseases prevention that preserves soil moisture;
(9) select bright day gas, in advance seedbed is watered permeable, then carry out field planting, field planting and follow-up management adopt normal method.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN105875206A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-24 | 无锡市黄土塘西瓜专业合作社 | Watermelon grafted seedling-raising method |
| CN106134729A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 潜山县有余瓜蒌开发有限责任公司 | A kind of Fructus Trichosanthis high yield engrafting and cultivating method |
| CN112753394A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-07 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | Low-temperature grafting seedling method for watermelons |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105875206A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-24 | 无锡市黄土塘西瓜专业合作社 | Watermelon grafted seedling-raising method |
| CN106134729A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 潜山县有余瓜蒌开发有限责任公司 | A kind of Fructus Trichosanthis high yield engrafting and cultivating method |
| CN112753394A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-07 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | Low-temperature grafting seedling method for watermelons |
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