CN102907264A - Method for raising watermelon seedlings by dual-root-cutting grafting - Google Patents
Method for raising watermelon seedlings by dual-root-cutting grafting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for raising watermelon seedlings by dual-root-cutting grafting. The method mainly takes calabash as a stock and uses a dual root cutting technique and a cutting method to graft watermelon seedlings, and is applicable to areas in middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River. The method mainly comprises the steps of stock seeding, scion seedling, root-cutting grafting, management of root-cutting grafting seedlings, and the like. According to the technique for raising seedlings by dual-root-cutting grafting, the quality of commercial grafted seedlings can be effectively improved, the labor efficiency as well as the yield and quality of watermelons is improved, the production cost is lowered, and the method is a technique for raising the watermelon seedlings by grafting, which is worthy of popularization and capable of replacing traditional grafting methods.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the watermelon seedling culturing method, relate in particular to a kind of watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Watermelon (Citru11us lanatus Mansfel days) is the annual climing property herbaceous plant of Curcurbitaceae Citrullus, is the fruit type vegetables of worldwide popular consumption, occupies critical role in world's horticulture.Cultivating watermelon has a long history in China, 2,220,000 hectares of year sowing areas of China's watermelon, and 5,386 ten thousand tons of annual productions account for 60% of world's cultivating watermelon area and gross yield, and sowing area and output all occupy first place in the world.In recent years along with the develop rapidly of facilities horticulture, watermelon facility cultivation area enlarges year by year, but because cropping index is high, the reasons such as it is unreasonable to apply fertilizer, soil salinization phenomenon is on the rise in the facility, the yield of watermelon and quality descend year by year, have become the critical limitation factor of restriction facility watermelon healthy and sustainable development.In watermelon is produced, because melon grower's land used is limited, watermelon is planted every year, continuous cropping is hindered, soil-borne disease occurs serious, directly cause the decline of the yield of watermelon and quality, have a strong impact on the development of watermelon industry, so watermelon graft seedling growth technology is arisen at the historic moment, the graft technology utilization be the root of stock, well developed root system, it is strong to inhale fertile water absorbing capacity, and tolerance to low temperature and weak light, strong stress resistance be high resistance watermelon soil-borne disease-fusarium wilt particularly, be the soil salinization in the reply facility, continuous cropping is hindered, the problems such as fusarium wilt harm, grafting and root-changing has important theory and practice meaning for the sustainable development of facility watermelon.
The method of plant propagation with cutting is a kind of traditional watermelon grafting method, and the method keeps the original root system of stock, has some problems in factorial seedling growth is produced, as: stock is emerged uneven, and grafting is time-consuming takes a lot of work, and the commercial seedling form is inconsistent, and production cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a kind of watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method, by the innovation to traditional graft technology, removed the former root system of stock, in graft union, induce stock to produce new root, new root system is more flourishing, and resistance is also stronger, thereby the quality of Effective Raise grafting commercial seedling, and reach the purpose of volume increase.
The embodiment of the invention is achieved in that a kind of watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method, and this watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method may further comprise the steps:
Stock sowing: before the sowing seedling medium is fully mixed thoroughly in every cube of ratio that adds the 0.5kg50% powder of carbendazim, be covered with that plastic foil is vexed to be put 3 days, proposing sabot the previous day (45cm * 45cm square position) waters permeable, seed shone first 2-3 days, broadcast the front water seed soaking of using 55-60 ℃, to constantly stir during seed soaking until drop to 30 ℃, naturally soak again more than the 16h after the cooling, then clean 2-3 time; Wrap wet cloth and wrap again one deck wet towel, put into insulating box, 28-30 ℃ of lower vernalization need replenish moisture content therebetween, pick the seed of germination after 2-3 days, press line-spacing 5cm spacing in the rows 1.5-2cm sowing, seed keeps flat, and the seed direction is consistent, and 1 dish is sowing 220-230 grain approximately. and the sowing time generally was arranged in grafting front 15-20 days;
The sowing of scion: the same stock of method for treating seeds.Water temperature will be cleaned 2-3 time after naturally cooling off, and cleans 3-4 time behind the immersion 6-8h, with wet again outsourcing one deck wet towel vernalization in 28-30 ℃ insulating box of cloth again; The scion sowing time is generally on stock after planting 14-16 days.
Before the sowing the special-purpose seedling medium of scion being added the 0.5kg50% carbendazim by every side fully mixes thoroughly, be covered with the vexed 3d of putting of plastic foil, sow the previous day, matrix evenly is tiled on the electric heating seedbed, the about 5cm of laying depth, watering the water of revealing the exact details. seed evenly is sowed in the seedbed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinateing, and broadcasts the about 1-1.5cm of bonnet seed thickness, and temperature controller is transferred to 28 ℃ before germinateing
Root pruning and grafting: stock after planting 15-18 days, the straight neck phase of scion is in the electric heating seedbed after planting 4-5 days, gets final product grafting; Grafting front 32 or 50 cave seedling dishes install cutting medium and fitly arrange and place the electric heating seedbed, water permeable the previous day; Stock sprays 800 times of carbendazols in bud picking the previous day after the grafting, the in advance preheating in a hour of electric heating seedbed;
Grafting method: stock (generally adopting cucurbit) growing point is carried the previous day and erased from base portion, grafting same day, 5-6cm even breaks under the cotyledon, rear with bamboo let above stock incision to become miter angle tiltedly to stab about 0.5cm dark along cotyledon line direction, until the hypocotyl stamp is led to a little. after the scion seedling is extracted in advance, in the basin that 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution is housed, embathe 2 times. during grafting, take out the scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm～2.0cm, with the blade cutter of splaying, extract rapidly the bamboo let in the stock, to cut scion hypocotyl in the slope and enter in the stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting exactly, and make it just to coincide with the stock otch, and scion cotyledon direction and stock cotyledon across are intersected.
Punch with card punch during cuttage, the seedling that grafting is good inserts in the matrix, about cuttage degree of depth 3cm
Further, the management method of root pruning and grafting seedling is:
(1) survives period management
1. temperature treatment: 3 days temperature requirements are higher after the grafting, and are aeration-cooling when temperature is higher than 32 ℃ 22-24 ℃ of 26-28 ℃ of evening on daytime, according to the wound healing situation temperature suitably reduced 2-3 ℃ and enter the normal management in seedling stage after .8-10 days in later several days;
2. moisture management: the first two day requires humidity more than 95% after the grafting, wants spray humidification during low humidity, and the blade face can not ponding.Along with ventilation time lengthens, humidity drops to about 85% gradually.After 7 days according to healing state near conventional seedling moisture management;
3. illumination: wanted sunshade in 2 days after the grafting, sooner or later saw natural daylight in later several days, in management, lengthen gradually according to circumstances and see between the light time, can allow slight wilting.8-10 days, can remove sunshade net fully;
4. ventilate: wanted airtight stuffy in two days after the grafting generally speaking, just ventilate when only having temperature to be higher than 32 ℃, the 3rd day begins to ventilate after the grafting, and a small amount of ventilation the sooner or later strengthened later on ventilation and ventilation time gradually before this, will spray water before giving wilting seedling epiphragma.Enter the normal management in seedling stage after 8-10 days.
(2) survive rear management
1. rich water quality management: will suitably control water after surviving, be conducive to promote root system development.After surviving to 3-4 the foliage fertilizer of front foliage-spray of emerging;
2. except tiller: should be as soon as possible behind the grafting survival, except tiller (remove stock and sprout the lateral bud that), general 3-4 days are once repeated multiple timesly.
Further, special-purpose cutting medium prescription is:
Prescription: peat: vermiculite: Chinese medicine slag: perlite=4: 3: 3: 0.1;
Materialization property: this matrix unit weight 0.35, porosity 72%, the content of organic matter (in butt) 24/ (%), total nutrient 10 (N+P205+K20) content (in butt)/(%, nitrogen content (%) 1.17, potassium content (%) 3.12 phosphorus contents (%5.74), moisture 24% (free water), acid-base value (PH) 6.6, EC value 1.5.
Further, before the sowing seedling medium is fully mixed thoroughly in every cube of ratio that adds the 0.5kg50% powder of carbendazim, be covered with that plastic foil is vexed to be put 3 days, proposing sabot the previous day (45cm * 45cm square position) waters permeable, seed shone first 2-3 days, broadcast the front water seed soaking of using 55-60 ℃, will constantly stir during seed soaking until drop to 30 ℃, naturally soak again more than the 16h after the cooling, then clean 2-3 time; Wrap wet cloth and wrap again one deck wet towel, put into insulating box, 28-30 ℃ of lower vernalization need replenish moisture content therebetween, pick the seed of germination after 2-3 days, press line-spacing 5cm spacing in the rows 1.5-2cm sowing, seed keeps flat, and the seed direction is consistent, and 1 dish is sowing 220-230 grain approximately. and the sowing time generally was arranged in grafting front 15-20 days;
Further, before the sowing special-purpose scion seedling medium is fully mixed thoroughly with carbendazim, be covered with that plastic foil is vexed to be put 3 days, sow the previous day, special-purpose scion seedling medium evenly is tiled on the electric heating seedbed, and the about 5cm of laying depth waters the water of revealing the exact details. and seed evenly is sowed in the seedbed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinateing, broadcast the about 1-1.5cm of bonnet seed thickness, temperature controller is transferred to 28 ℃ before germinateing
Further, the grafting method of described watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method employing is:
With stock, general employing cucurbit, growing point is carried the previous day and is erased from base portion, grafting same day 6-7cm even breaks under the cotyledon, rear with bamboo let above stock incision to become miter angle tiltedly to stab about 0.5cm dark along cotyledon line direction, until the hypocotyl stamp is led to a little. after the scion seedling is extracted in advance, with 1000 times of 50% carbendazim liquid sterilization. during grafting, take out the scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm～2.0cm, with the blade cutter of splaying, extract rapidly the bamboo let in the stock, will cut scion hypocotyl in the slope and enter in the stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting exactly, make it just to coincide with the stock otch, and scion cotyledon direction and stock cotyledon across are intersected.
Further, the cuttage dedicated substrate is selected in cuttage, waters permeable afterwards with the card punch punching in the 50 caves dish of packing into, and the seedling that grafting is good inserts in the special-purpose cutting medium, about cuttage degree of depth 3cm.
Further, the management method of root pruning and grafting seedling is:
(1) survives period management
1. temperature treatment: 3 days temperature requirements are higher after the grafting, and are aeration-cooling when temperature is higher than 32 ℃ 22-24 ℃ of 26-28 ℃ of evening on daytime, according to the wound healing situation temperature suitably reduced 2-3 ℃ and enter the normal management in seedling stage after .8-10 days in later several days;
2. moisture management: the first two day requires humidity more than 95% after the grafting, wants spray humidification during low humidity, and the blade face can not ponding.Along with ventilation time lengthens, humidity drops to about 85% gradually.After 7 days according to healing state near conventional seedling moisture management;
3. illumination: wanted sunshade in 2 days after the grafting, sooner or later saw natural daylight in later several days, in management, lengthen gradually according to circumstances and see between the light time, can allow slight wilting.8-10 days, can remove sunshade net fully;
4. ventilate: wanted airtight stuffy in two days after the grafting generally speaking, just ventilate when only having temperature to be higher than 32 ℃, the 3rd day begins to ventilate after the grafting, and a small amount of ventilation the sooner or later strengthened later on ventilation and ventilation time gradually before this, will spray water before giving wilting seedling epiphragma.Enter the normal management in seedling stage after 8-10 days.
(2) survive rear management
1. rich water quality management: will suitably control water after surviving, be conducive to promote root system development.After surviving to 3-4 the foliage fertilizer of front foliage-spray of emerging;
2. except tiller: should be as soon as possible behind the grafting survival, except tiller (remove stock and sprout the lateral bud that), general 3-4 days are once repeated multiple timesly.
Double break root graft seedling growing process provided by the invention can improve the quality of grafting commercial seedling effectively, raises labour efficiency, and reduce production costs, and improve the yield of watermelon and quality, be the watermelon graft seedling growth technology of an alternative traditional grafting that is worthy to be popularized.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method that provides of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
1, stock sowing
Before the sowing seedling medium is fully mixed thoroughly in the ratio that every side adds the 0.5kg powder of carbendazim, be covered with the vexed 3d of putting of plastic foil, proposing sabot the previous day (45cm * 45cm square position) waters permeable, seed shines first 2-3d, broadcast the front water seed soaking of using 55-60 ℃, to constantly stir during seed soaking until drop to 30 ℃, naturally soak again more than the 16h after the cooling, then clean 2-3 time.Wrap wet cloth and wrap again one deck wet towel, put into insulating box, 28-30 ℃ of lower vernalization need replenish moisture content therebetween, pick the seed of germination behind the 2-3d, press line-spacing 5cm spacing in the rows 1.5-2cm sowing, seed keeps flat, and the seed direction is consistent, and 1 dish is sowing 220-230 grain approximately. and the sowing time generally is arranged in the front 15-20d of grafting
2, the sowing of scion
The same stock of method for treating seeds.Water temperature will be cleaned 2-3 time after naturally cooling off, and cleans 3-4 time behind the immersion 6-8h, with wet again outsourcing one deck wet towel vernalization in 28-30 ℃ insulating box of cloth again.
The scion sowing time is generally on stock after planting 14-16 days.
Before the sowing special-purpose scion seedling medium is fully mixed thoroughly with carbendazim, be covered with the vexed 3d of putting of plastic foil, sow the previous day, special-purpose scion seedling medium evenly is tiled on the electric heating seedbed, the about 5cm of laying depth, watering the water of revealing the exact details. seed evenly is sowed in the seedbed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinateing, and broadcasts the about 1-1.5cm of bonnet seed thickness, and temperature controller is transferred to 28 ℃ before germinateing
3, root pruning and grafting
Stock is 15-18d after planting, and the straight neck phase of scion is 4-5d after planting in the electric heating seedbed, gets final product grafting.Grafting front 32 or 50 cave seedling dishes install cutting medium and fitly arrange and place the electric heating seedbed, water permeable the previous day.Stock sprays 800 times of carbendazols in bud picking the previous day after the grafting, the in advance preheating in a hour of electric heating seedbed.
Grafting method: stock (generally adopting cucurbit) growing point is carried the previous day and erased from base portion, grafting same day 6-7cm even breaks under the cotyledon, rear with bamboo let above stock incision to become miter angle tiltedly to stab about 0.5cm dark along cotyledon line direction, until the hypocotyl stamp is led to a little. after the scion seedling is extracted in advance, with 1000 times of 50% carbendazim liquid sterilization. during grafting, take out the scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm～2.0cm, with the blade cutter of splaying, extract rapidly the bamboo let in the stock, to cut scion hypocotyl in the slope enters in the stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting exactly, make it just to coincide with the stock otch, and scion cotyledon direction and stock cotyledon across are intersected.
The cuttage dedicated substrate is selected in cuttage, waters permeable afterwards with the card punch punching in the 50 caves dish of packing into, and the seedling that grafting is good inserts in the special-purpose cutting medium, about cuttage degree of depth 3cm
4, the management of root pruning and grafting seedling
(1) survives period management
1. temperature treatment: the 3d temperature requirement is higher after the grafting, and is aeration-cooling when temperature is higher than 32 ℃ 22-24 ℃ of 26-28 ℃ of evening on daytime, according to the wound healing situation temperature suitably reduced 2-3 ℃ and enters the normal management in seedling stage after .8-10 days in later several days.
2. moisture management: the first two day requires humidity more than 95% after the grafting, wants spray humidification during low humidity, and the blade face can not ponding.Along with ventilation time lengthens, humidity drops to about 85% gradually.Behind the 7d according to healing state near conventional seedling moisture management.
3. illumination: 2d wants sunshade after the grafting, sooner or later sees natural daylight in later several days, lengthens gradually according to circumstances in management and sees between the light time, can allow slight wilting.8-10d can remove sunshade net fully.
4. ventilate: wanted airtight stuffy in two days after the grafting generally speaking, just ventilate when only having temperature to be higher than 32 ℃, the 3rd day begins to ventilate after the grafting, and a small amount of ventilation the sooner or later strengthened later on ventilation and ventilation time gradually before this, will spray water before giving wilting seedling epiphragma.Enter the normal management in seedling stage behind the 8-10d.
(2) survive rear management
1. rich water quality management: will suitably control water after surviving, be conducive to promote root system development.After surviving to 3-4 the foliage fertilizer of front foliage-spray of emerging.
2. except tiller: should be as soon as possible behind the grafting survival, except tiller (remove stock and sprout the lateral bud that), general 3-4d is once repeated multiple timesly
5. the research of special-purpose cutting medium prescription
Prescription: peat: vermiculite: Chinese medicine slag: perlite=4: 3: 3: 0.1,
Materialization property: this matrix unit weight 0.35, porosity 72%, the content of organic matter (in butt) 24/ (%), total nutrient 10 (N+P205+K20) content (in butt)/(%, nitrogen content (%) 1.17, potassium content (%) 3.12, phosphorus content (%5.74), moisture 24% (free water), acid-base value (PH) 6.6, EC value 1.5.Materialization property meets the standard of excellent substrates.Compare the advantage that cuttage seeding that this special-purpose cutting medium of other formulation medias cultivates shows: (the cuttage seeding total quality embodies the combination property of used matrix) specifies by following table
Table: the root pruning and grafting shoot root system that the different formulations cutting medium is cultivated and the major parameter of overground part
With the root of the root pruning and grafting seedling of special-purpose cutting medium cuttage long long, the root approximate number is more, root fresh weight, root dry weight numerical value are all higher, illustrate that the root pruning and grafting shoot root with special-purpose cutting medium cottage breeding is the cuttage seeding that quality obviously is better than other matrix, the grafting survival rate of cuttage up to 99%, the needs that the contained nutrient of this special-purpose cutting medium of explanation can satisfy growth of seedling occur without yellow seedling phenomenon.The numerical value of, dry weight thick with the grafting plant height of special-purpose cutting medium cottage breeding, stem, fresh weight is all higher, illustrate that the grafting seedling voxel matter that cuttage is grown in special-purpose cutting medium is higher.
Attached: each contrasts matrix formulations:
Contrast matrix 1: peat: vermiculite: Chinese medicine slag=5: 3: 2
Contrast matrix 2: peat: vermiculite: Chinese medicine slag=2: 3: 5
Contrast matrix 3: peat: vermiculite: perlite=6: 3: 1
Contrast matrix 4: peat: perlite: fertilizer=7: 2: 1
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that, this watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method may further comprise the steps:
Stock sowing: before the sowing seedling medium is fully mixed thoroughly in every cube of ratio that adds the 0.5kg50% powder of carbendazim, be covered with that plastic foil is vexed to be put 3 days, proposing sabot the previous day (45cm * 45cm square position) waters permeable, seed shone first 2-3 days, broadcast the front water seed soaking of using 55-60 ℃, to constantly stir during seed soaking until drop to 30 ℃, naturally soak again more than the 16h after the cooling, then clean 2-3 time; Wrap wet cloth and wrap again one deck wet towel, put into insulating box, 28-30 ℃ of lower vernalization need replenish moisture content therebetween, pick the seed of germination after 2-3 days, press line-spacing 5cm, spacing in the rows 1.5-2cm sowing, seed keeps flat, and the seed direction is consistent, and 1 dish is sowing 220-230 grain approximately. and the sowing time generally was arranged in grafting front 15-20 days;
The sowing of scion: the same stock of method for treating seeds; Water temperature will be cleaned 2-3 time after naturally cooling off, and cleans 3-4 time behind the immersion 6-8h, with wet again outsourcing one deck wet towel vernalization in 28-30 ℃ insulating box of cloth again; The scion sowing time is generally at stock 10-15d after planting; Before the sowing scion special use grown seedlings and add the 0.5kg50% carbendazim by every side and fully mix thoroughly, be covered with the vexed 3d of putting of plastic foil, sow the previous day, matrix evenly is tiled on the electric heating seedbed, the about 5cm of laying depth, watering the water of revealing the exact details. seed evenly is sowed in the seedbed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinateing, and broadcasts the about 1-1.5cm of bonnet seed thickness, and temperature controller is transferred to 28 ℃ before germinateing;
Root pruning and grafting: stock after planting 15-18 days, scion " straight neck phase " namely in the electric heating seedbed after planting 4-5 days, gets final product grafting; Install cutting medium with 32 or 50 cave seedling dishes before the grafting, fitly row places the electric heating seedbed, waters permeable the previous day; Stock sprays 800 times of carbendazols in bud picking the previous day after the grafting, the in advance preheating in a hour of electric heating seedbed; Grafting method: the stock growing point is carried the previous day erase from base portion, grafting same day, 5-6cm even breaks under the cotyledon, rear to become miter angle tiltedly to stab about 0.5cm with bamboo let incision above stock along cotyledon line direction dark, until the hypocotyl stamp is led to a little; After the scion seedling is extracted in advance, in the basin that 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution is housed, embathe 2 times; During grafting, take out the scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm～2.0cm, with the blade cutter of splaying, extract rapidly the bamboo let in the stock, will cut scion hypocotyl in the slope and enter in the stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting exactly, make it just to coincide with the stock otch, and scion cotyledon direction and stock cotyledon across are intersected; Punch with card punch during cuttage, the seedling that grafting is good inserts in the matrix, about cuttage degree of depth 3cm.
2. watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that special-purpose cutting medium prescription is:
Prescription: peat: vermiculite: Chinese medicine slag: perlite=4: 3: 3: 0.1;
Materialization property: this matrix unit weight 0.35, porosity 72%, the content of organic matter (in butt) 24/ (%), total nutrient 10 (N+P205+K20) content (in butt)/(%, nitrogen content (%) 1.17, potassium content (%) 3.12, phosphorus content (%5.74), moisture 24% (free water), acid-base value (PH) 6.6, EC value 1.5.
3. watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the square position that 45cm * 45cm is used in the stock sowing; Before the sowing seedling medium is fully mixed thoroughly in every cube of ratio that adds the 0.5kg50% powder of carbendazim, be covered with that plastic foil is vexed to be put 3 days, proposing sabot the previous day waters permeable, seed shone first 2-3 days, broadcast the front water seed soaking of using 55-60 ℃, to constantly stir during seed soaking until drop to 30 ℃, naturally soak again more than the 16h after the cooling, then clean 2-3 time; Wrap wet cloth and wrap again one deck wet towel, put into insulating box, 28-30 ℃ of lower vernalization need replenish moisture content therebetween, pick the seed of germination after 2-3 days, press line-spacing 5cm spacing in the rows 1.5-2cm sowing, seed keeps flat, and the seed direction is consistent, and 1 dish is sowing 220-230 grain approximately. and the sowing time generally was arranged in grafting front 15-20 days.
4. watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, before the sowing special-purpose scion seedling medium is fully mixed thoroughly with carbendazim, be covered with that plastic foil is vexed to be put 3 days, sowing the previous day, special-purpose scion seedling medium evenly be tiled on the electric heating seedbed, the about 5cm of laying depth, watering the water of revealing the exact details. seed evenly is sowed in the seedbed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinateing, and broadcasts the about 1-1.5cm of bonnet seed thickness, and temperature controller is transferred to 28 ℃ before germinateing.
5. watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the grafting method that described watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method adopts is:
With stock, general employing cucurbit, growing point is carried the previous day and is erased from base portion, grafting same day 6-7cm even breaks under the cotyledon, rear with bamboo let above stock incision to become miter angle tiltedly to stab about 0.5cm dark along cotyledon line direction, until the hypocotyl stamp is led to a little. after the scion seedling is extracted in advance, with 1000 times of 50% carbendazim liquid sterilization. during grafting, take out the scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm～2.0cm, with the blade cutter of splaying, extract rapidly the bamboo let in the stock, will cut scion hypocotyl in the slope and enter in the stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting exactly, make it just to coincide with the stock otch, and scion cotyledon direction and stock cotyledon across are intersected.
6. watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the cuttage dedicated substrate is selected in cuttage, waters permeable afterwards with the card punch punching in the 50 caves dish of packing into, and the seedling that grafting is good inserts in the special-purpose cutting medium, about cuttage degree of depth 3cm.
7. watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the management method of root pruning and grafting seedling is:
(1) survives period management
1. temperature treatment: 3 days temperature requirements are higher after the grafting, and are aeration-cooling when temperature is higher than 32 ℃ 22-24 ℃ of 26-28 ℃ of evening on daytime, according to the wound healing situation temperature suitably reduced 2-3 ℃ and enter the normal management in seedling stage after .8-10 days in later several days;
2. moisture management: the first two day requires humidity more than 95% after the grafting, wants spray humidification during low humidity, and the blade face can not ponding.Along with ventilation time lengthens, humidity drops to about 85% gradually.After 7 days according to healing state near conventional seedling moisture management;
3. illumination: wanted sunshade in 2 days after the grafting, sooner or later saw natural daylight in later several days, in management, lengthen gradually according to circumstances and see between the light time, can allow slight wilting.8-10 days, can remove sunshade net fully;
4. ventilate: wanted airtight stuffy in two days after the grafting generally speaking, just ventilate when only having temperature to be higher than 32 ℃, the 3rd day begins to ventilate after the grafting, and a small amount of ventilation the sooner or later strengthened later on ventilation and ventilation time gradually before this, will spray water before giving wilting seedling epiphragma.Enter the normal management in seedling stage after 8-10 days.
(2) survive rear management
1. rich water quality management: will suitably control water after surviving, be conducive to promote root system development.After surviving to 3-4 the foliage fertilizer of front foliage-spray of emerging;
2. except tiller: should be as soon as possible behind the grafting survival, repeated multiple timesly except tiller, remove stock and sprout the lateral bud that, general 3-4 days are once.
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