CN107258344A - A kind of engrafting method of watermelon - Google Patents
A kind of engrafting method of watermelon Download PDFInfo
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- CN107258344A CN107258344A CN201710730302.8A CN201710730302A CN107258344A CN 107258344 A CN107258344 A CN 107258344A CN 201710730302 A CN201710730302 A CN 201710730302A CN 107258344 A CN107258344 A CN 107258344A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of engrafting method of watermelon, selection including wild watermelon stock and pumpkin rootstock, the sowing and cultivation of stock, the sowing and cultivation of watermelon scion, the step such as grafting and field planting, the present invention does bottom anvil by using pumpkin rootstock, wild watermelon does the root pruning and grafting technology of one fringe of double anvils three of intermediate stock, droop can effectively be prevented, grafting shoot survival percent is high, compared with the watermelon individually obtained using pumpkin rootstock grafting, it is in good taste, melon skin is thin, quality of watermelon gets a promotion, and the yield of watermelon is significantly increased, add economic benefit, additionally due to after pumpkin is completely cured, the new root of induction is without main root, fibrous root is more, well developed root system, growth potential is strong, slow seedling is fast, lower temperature resistance is strong, be conducive to improving the survival rate and uniformity of grafting, improve labor productivity, reduce production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of engrafting method of fruit, especially a kind of engrafting method of watermelon belongs to fruit cultivation skill
Art field.
Background technology
Watermelon is a kind of dicotyledonous flowering plant, and tree characteristics is as tendril, and leaf is in featheriness.Outside the fruit that it is born
Skin is smooth, in green or yellow, and fruit flesh succulence is red or yellow.Watermelon is cold in nature, sweet sweet tea, have clearing away summerheat, promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst,
Effect of diuresis relieving restlessness, skin can also cook, be used as medicine.
Watermelon is unable to continuous cropping, especially under conditions of facility cultivation, and soil-borne disease is aggravated, and influences the normal of plant
Growth, so as to cause yield reduction and quality decline.Grafting watermelon cultivation is to overcome continuous cropping obstacle, prevents and treats the diseases such as droop hair
Raw effective technology measure.Grafting is one of artificial nutrition propagation method of plant, i.e., the branch or bud of a kind of plant, be grafted onto
On the stem or root of another plant, two parts being connected together are made to grow up to a complete plant.The mode of grafting is divided into branch
Connect and connect with bud.During grafting the forming layer of scion and stock should be made to combine closely, to ensure that scion is survived, the branch that connects or
Bud, is called scion, the plant connect, is called stock.Seedling of the scion typically from 2-4 bud of tool, turns into plant after grafting
Top or neck, turn into the root system part of plant after stock grafting.Pumpkin disease resistance is good, and growth potential is strong, is suitable for stock,
But its quality to watermelon has certain negative effect, such as Grafted Watermelon fiber increases, melon skin is thickening, taste bad, have different
Taste, the yellow muscle of appearance etc..
The content of the invention
There is provided a kind of watermelon for harmful effect present invention aim to address pumpkin rootstock in the prior art to quality of watermelon
Engrafting method, this method can also improve the quality of watermelon while can strengthen watermelon resistance against diseases, and can increase watermelon
Yield.
Technical scheme
A kind of method of Grafting watermelon, comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of wild watermelon stock and pumpkin rootstock：Selection is strong, affine with scion watermelon with pumpkin rootstock affinity
The wild watermelon that power is strong, low temperature resistant, disease resistance is strong does stock, and selection and wild watermelon affinity are strong, low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, anti-
The good pumpkin of characteristic of disease is cooked stock, and pumpkin rootstock is used as bottom anvil, and wild watermelon is used as intermediate stock；
(2) sowing and cultivation of stock：It will be sowed after pumpkin rootstock and wild watermelon stock vernalization, when pumpkin rootstock is sowed
Between one week more late than wild watermelon stock, be after planting placed in greenhouse electric heating seedbed cultivate, moderately water, temperature controlled before emerging
22-28 DEG C, 18-25 DEG C of temperature is controlled after emerging, excessive growth is prevented；
(3) the scion sowing and cultivation of watermelon：Select tolerance to low temperature and weak light, growth potential strong and high with wild watermelon affinity
Watermelon is cooked scion, will be carried out vernalization after watermelon seed sterilization, is then sowed, and is after planting placed in greenhouse electric heating seedbed and is trained
Support, moderately water, 22-28 DEG C of temperature is controlled before emerging, 18-25 DEG C of temperature is controlled after emerging；
(4) grafting：Treat pumpkin rootstock length to a leaf wholeheartedly, wild watermelon stock length to one to two leaves wholeheartedly, scion cotyledon
During half expansion, start grafting, grafting flow is：First by pumpkin rootstock under cotyledon even breaks at 6cm, then under cotyledon
45 degree of angles are obliquely amputated at 0.5cm, by 45 degree of oblique partial applications in angle at wild watermelon stock cotyledon 2.5cm, are amplexiformed and are cut in pumpkin rootstock
On mouth, pumpkin rootstock interface is coincide with wild watermelon stock interface, clamped with Grafting clip, then with bamboo stick in wild watermelon two
Hypocotyl is tiltedly stabbed into 45 degree of angles along cotyledon line direction in the middle of piece cotyledon, depth is 0.5cm；Scion seedling is taken, under cotyledon at 1cm
With the oblique partial application of blade, the quick bamboo stick extracted in wild watermelon will cut watermelon scion hypocotyl in the slope and be inserted by bamboo stick
Oblique cutting enters in wild watermelon hypocotyl exactly in direction, the inclined-plane wound of watermelon scion and the otch of wild watermelon is coincide one
Rise, and wild watermelon cotyledon direction is intersected with scion cotyledon direction across；The skewer for carrying out grafting is punched with card punch
Insert, be sure not to cover wound, that is, complete grafting；
(5) managing after grafting：3-5 days before after grafting, grafting closes moisturizing in greenhouse, maintains relative humidity in greenhouse
More than 90%, then 25-30 DEG C of day temperature, 22-25 DEG C of hardening of night gradually divulge information, and sees light, maintains average daily temperature 20~25
DEG C, according to conventional seedling normal management after 7 days；
(6) it is colonized：Grafting length to three to four leaves wholeheartedly when carry out transplant planting, every mu of organic fertilizer 1000-1500 thousand
Gram, 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate.
Further, seed preferably is placed in into 70-75 DEG C in step (2), before pumpkin rootstock and wild watermelon stock vernalization to do
30-50h in dry case, then soaks 3-6h with 0.1% potassium permanganate, is finally eluted with water.Stock seed is sterilized and disappeared
Poison, further improves resistance against diseases.
Further, in step (2), germination accelerating method is：The yarn that the seed of pumpkin rootstock and wild watermelon stock is moistened
Cloth is wrapped up, and is then cladded with freshness protection package, 26-32 DEG C and is placed 20-30h.
Further, in step (3), the method for watermelon seed sterilization is：First seed is placed in 70-75 DEG C of drying box
30-50h, then soaks 3-6h with 0.1% potassium permanganate, is finally eluted with water.
Further, in step (4), start the previous day of grafting, wild watermelon stock is removed into growing point, water is poured, and
Carbendazim dilution is sprayed, before grafting, wild watermelon rootstock seedling, pumpkin rootstock seedling and scion seedling are extracted in advance, Bravo is dilute
Release immersion to wash 2 times, carry out sterilization processing.
Further, in step (4), the cuttage depth of grafting is 3-3.5cm.
Further, in step (5), after grafting survives, the lateral bud of wild watermelon growing point is removed in time, nutrient is reduced
Consumption.
Further, in step (5), grafting length a to leaf wholeheartedly when, impose a foliar fertilizer, promote strong sprout.
Further, in step (6), the depth of the field planting using the grafting wound 1.5-2.5cm above ground level of grafting as
Preferably, spacing in the rows 40-50cm single files are planted, and line-spacing is 1.5-2.2m.
Beneficial effect：The present invention by using pumpkin rootstock do bottom anvil, wild watermelon do intermediate stock the fringe three of double anvils one it is disconnected
Root graft technology, can effectively prevent droop, and grafting shoot survival percent is high, with the west individually obtained using pumpkin rootstock grafting
Melon is compared, in good taste, and melon skin is thin, and quality of watermelon gets a promotion, and the yield of watermelon is significantly increased, add through
Ji benefit.Additionally due to after pumpkin is completely cured, the new root of induction is without main root, and fibrous root is more, well developed root system, growth potential is strong, and slow seedling is fast, resistance to
Low temperature properties are strong, are conducive to improving the survival rate and uniformity of grafting, improve labor productivity, reduce production cost.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of Grafting watermelon, comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of wild watermelon stock and pumpkin rootstock：Selection is strong, affine with scion watermelon with pumpkin rootstock affinity
The wild watermelon that power is strong, low temperature resistant, disease resistance is strong does stock, and selection and wild watermelon affinity are strong, low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, anti-
The good pumpkin of characteristic of disease is cooked stock, and pumpkin rootstock is used as bottom anvil, and wild watermelon is used as intermediate stock；
(2) sowing and cultivation of stock：Pumpkin rootstock and wild watermelon stock are put in 72 DEG C of drying boxes and sterilize 48h,
Soaked seed pumpkin and wild watermelon 5h with 0.1% potassium permanganate before sowing, it is then clean with clear water, with the gauze wrapped of moistening, outside
Freshness protection package is covered, vernalization 24h in 30 DEG C of insulating boxs is positioned over, then sows, the pumpkin rootstock sowing time is more late than wild watermelon stock
One week, after planting it is placed in greenhouse electric heating seedbed and cultivates, moderately water, 22-28 DEG C of temperature is controlled before emerging, temperature is controlled after emerging
18-25 DEG C of degree, prevents excessive growth；
(3) the scion sowing and cultivation of watermelon：Select tolerance to low temperature and weak light, growth potential strong and high with wild watermelon affinity
Watermelon is cooked scion, and watermelon seed is put in 72 DEG C of drying boxes and sterilizes 48h, with 0.1% potassium permanganate seed soaking 5h before sowing, then
Cleaned with clear water, with the gauze wrapped of moistening, be cladded with freshness protection package, be positioned in 30 DEG C of insulating boxs after vernalization 24h and sow, after planting
It is placed in greenhouse electric heating seedbed and cultivates, moderately water, 22-28 DEG C of temperature is controlled before emerging, 18-25 DEG C of temperature is controlled after emerging；
(4) grafting：Treat pumpkin rootstock length to a leaf wholeheartedly, wild watermelon stock length to one to two leaves wholeheartedly, scion cotyledon
During half expansion, start grafting, start the previous day of grafting, wild watermelon stock is removed into growing point, water is poured, and spray many bacterium
Clever dilution, before grafting, wild watermelon rootstock seedling, pumpkin rootstock seedling and scion seedling is extracted in advance, Bravo dilution embathes 2
Time.
Grafting flow is：First by pumpkin rootstock under cotyledon even breaks at 6cm, then under cotyledon 45 degree at 0.5cm
Angle is obliquely amputated, and by 45 degree of oblique partial applications in angle at wild watermelon stock cotyledon 2.5cm, is amplexiformed on pumpkin rootstock otch, is made pumpkin
Stock interface coincide with wild watermelon stock interface, is clamped with Grafting clip, then with bamboo stick in the middle of wild watermelon two panels cotyledon
Hypocotyl is tiltedly stabbed into 45 degree of angles along cotyledon line direction, depth is 0.5cm；Scion seedling is taken, is chamfer under cotyledon at 1cm with blade
One knife, the quick bamboo stick extracted in wild watermelon will cut watermelon scion hypocotyl in the slope by bamboo stick direction of insertion exactly
Oblique cutting enters in wild watermelon hypocotyl, makes together with the inclined-plane wound of watermelon scion coincide with the otch of wild watermelon, and make open country
Raw watermelon seeds leaf direction intersects with scion cotyledon direction across；The cuttage for carrying out grafting is punched with card punch, cuttage is deep
Spend for 3-3.5cm, be sure not to cover wound, that is, complete grafting；
(5) managing after grafting：3-5 days before after grafting, grafting closes moisturizing in greenhouse, maintains relative humidity in greenhouse
More than 90%, then 25-30 DEG C of day temperature, 22-25 DEG C of hardening of night gradually divulge information, and sees light, maintains average daily temperature 20-25
DEG C, according to conventional seedling normal management after 7 days；After grafting survives, the lateral bud of wild watermelon growing point is removed in time, reduced and supported
The consumption divided.Grafting length to a leaf wholeheartedly when, impose a foliar fertilizer, promote strong sprout.
(6) it is colonized：Grafting length to three to four leaves wholeheartedly when carry out transplant planting, every mu of organic fertilizer 1000-1500 thousand
Gram, 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate.The depth of the field planting is advisable with the grafting wound 2cm above ground level of grafting, spacing in the rows 45cm single files
Plantation, line-spacing is 2m.Using three climing trainings, retain a main stem and 2 lateral bines.When seedling tendril to be grafted is up to 40cm, carry out
Keep down the vines of a creeping plant processing, melon vine is made in order, to ensure the photosynthesis of blade.Every plant of large fruit watermelon stays a fruit.Awarded using human assistance
Powder, retains the fruit of the second female flower section position.When watermelon length to fist size, every mu of ground imposes potassium sulfate 20kg, urea 10kg.
Seedling stage attention control aphid, bear fruit phase attention control powdery mildew, anthracnose.It can harvest within 40 days or so after bearing fruit.
The watermelon progress pair that the watermelon planted using the engrafting method of embodiment 1 is planted with own-rooted tree, pumpkin grafting
Than experimental result see the table below：
| Test event | Embodiment 1 | Own-rooted tree | Pumpkin grafting |
| The time of infertility | 120-125 days | 105-110 days | 120-125 days |
| First female flower section position | 7 | 6 | 8 |
| Bear fruit the phase | 40 | 38 | 42 |
| Yield (kg/ mus) | 4500 | 3300 | 4300 |
| Graft survival rate (%) | 98 | - | 90 |
| Pericarp thickness (cm) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 |
| Center sugared content | 12.4 | 12.2 | 11.5 |
| Side sugared content | 9.6 | 9 | 8.6 |
| Mouthfeel | It is good | It is good | Crude fibre is on the high side |
The engrafting method using the present invention is can be seen that from the test result of upper table, grafting shoot survival percent is high, obtained west
Melon is in good taste, and mouthfeel is close with the watermelon of own-rooted tree, but yield is significantly increased compared with own-rooted tree.With individually adopting
The watermelon obtained with pumpkin rootstock grafting is compared, and the watermelon obtained using the engrafting method of the present invention is in good taste, and melon skin is thin, watermelon
Quality gets a promotion, and grafting shoot survival percent is higher.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of engrafting method of watermelon, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) selection of wild watermelon stock and pumpkin rootstock：Selection and pumpkin rootstock affinity is strong, with scion watermelon affinity
By force, the strong wild watermelon of low temperature resistant, disease resistance does stock, and selection and wild watermelon affinity are strong, low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, disease-resistant
Property good pumpkin do stock, pumpkin rootstock is used as bottom anvil, and wild watermelon is used as intermediate stock；
(2) sowing and cultivation of stock：It will be sowed after pumpkin rootstock and wild watermelon stock vernalization, pumpkin rootstock sowing time ratio
In one week evening of wild watermelon stock, after planting it is placed in greenhouse electric heating seedbed and cultivates, moderately water, temperature 22-28 is controlled before emerging
DEG C, 18-25 DEG C of temperature is controlled after emerging, excessive growth is prevented；
(3) sowing and cultivation of watermelon scion：Select tolerance to low temperature and weak light, growth potential strong and the watermelon high with wild watermelon affinity
Scion is done, vernalization will be carried out after watermelon seed sterilization, then sowed, is after planting placed in greenhouse electric heating seedbed and cultivates, is fitted
Degree is watered, and 22-28 DEG C of temperature is controlled before emerging, and 18-25 DEG C of temperature is controlled after emerging；
(4) grafting：Treat pumpkin rootstock length to a leaf wholeheartedly, wild watermelon stock length to one to two leaves wholeheartedly, open up by scion cotyledon half
When opening, start grafting, grafting flow is：First by pumpkin rootstock under cotyledon even breaks at 6cm, the then 0.5cm under cotyledon
The 45 degree of angles in place are obliquely amputated, and 45 degree of oblique partial applications in angle at wild watermelon stock cotyledon 2.5cm are amplexiformed on pumpkin rootstock otch,
Pumpkin rootstock interface is coincide with wild watermelon stock interface, clamped with Grafting clip, then with bamboo stick in the slice, thin piece of wild watermelon two
Hypocotyl is tiltedly stabbed into 45 degree of angles along cotyledon line direction in the middle of leaf, depth is 0.5cm；Scion seedling is taken, knife is used at 1cm under cotyledon
The oblique partial application of piece, the quick bamboo stick extracted in wild watermelon, will cut watermelon scion hypocotyl in the slope by bamboo stick direction of insertion
Oblique cutting enters in wild watermelon hypocotyl exactly, makes together with the inclined-plane wound of watermelon scion coincide with the otch of wild watermelon,
And wild watermelon cotyledon direction is intersected with scion cotyledon direction across；The cuttage for carrying out grafting is punched with card punch,
It is sure not to cover wound, that is, completes grafting；
(5) managing after grafting：3-5 days before after grafting, grafting closes moisturizing in greenhouse, maintains relative humidity 90% in greenhouse
More than, then 25-30 DEG C of day temperature, 22-25 DEG C of hardening of night gradually divulge information, and sees light, maintains 20~25 DEG C of average daily temperature, 7
According to conventional seedling normal management after it；
(6) it is colonized：Grafting length to three to four leaves wholeheartedly when carry out transplant planting, every mu of 1000-1500 kilograms of organic fertilizer, sulphur
Sour 20 kilograms of potassium.
2. the engrafting method of watermelon as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), pumpkin rootstock and wild watermelon
Seed is preferably placed in 30-50h in 70-75 DEG C of drying box before stock vernalization, then 3-6h is soaked with 0.1% potassium permanganate, most
After be eluted with water.
3. the engrafting method of watermelon as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), germination accelerating method is：By pumpkin
The gauze wrapped of the seed moistening of stock and wild watermelon stock, is then cladded with freshness protection package, 26-32 DEG C and places 20-30h.
4. the engrafting method of watermelon as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), watermelon seed sterilization
Method is：Seed is first placed in 30-50h in 70-75 DEG C of drying box, then 3-6h is soaked with 0.1% potassium permanganate, finally uses water
Clean.
5. the engrafting method of watermelon as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (4), starts the previous day of grafting,
Wild watermelon stock is removed into growing point, water is poured, and sprays carbendazim dilution, before grafting, by wild watermelon rootstock seedling, south
Melon rootstock seedling is extracted in advance with scion seedling, and Bravo dilution embathes 2 times.
6. the engrafting method of watermelon as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (4), the cuttage depth of grafting is
3-3.5cm。
7. the engrafting method of watermelon as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (5), after grafting survives, in time
Remove the lateral bud of wild watermelon growing point.
8. the engrafting method of watermelon as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (5), grafting length a to leaf is wholeheartedly
When, a foliar fertilizer is imposed, promotes strong sprout.
9. the engrafting method of the watermelon as described in claim any one of 1-8, it is characterised in that in step (6), the field planting
Depth is advisable with the grafting wound 1.5-2.5cm above ground level of grafting, the plantation of spacing in the rows 40-50cm single files, and line-spacing is 1.5-
2.2m。
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Cited By (6)
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| CN108522055A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-14 | 山东伟丽种苗有限公司 | A kind of Grafting watermelon method |
| CN108811838A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-11-16 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of method for grafting green cucumber |
| CN108849306A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-23 | 付再上 | A kind of organic western muskmelon ratooning new process |
| CN109156193A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-08 | 湖南生物机电职业技术学院 | A method of removal Grafting watermelon stock growing point |
| CN113141896A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-23 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Watermelon interstock grafting method |
| CN115176655A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-14 | 宁夏塞上江南农业科技有限公司 | Intensive seedling raising method for watermelons |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108522055A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-14 | 山东伟丽种苗有限公司 | A kind of Grafting watermelon method |
| CN108849306A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-23 | 付再上 | A kind of organic western muskmelon ratooning new process |
| CN108811838A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-11-16 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of method for grafting green cucumber |
| CN108811838B (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-05-26 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Cucumber grafting method |
| CN109156193A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-08 | 湖南生物机电职业技术学院 | A method of removal Grafting watermelon stock growing point |
| CN113141896A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-23 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Watermelon interstock grafting method |
| CN113141896B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2023-09-22 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Watermelon interstock grafting method |
| CN115176655A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-14 | 宁夏塞上江南农业科技有限公司 | Intensive seedling raising method for watermelons |
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