CN103314790B - A kind of seedling-cultivating method of autumn in summer watermelon - Google Patents
A kind of seedling-cultivating method of autumn in summer watermelon Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103314790B CN103314790B CN201310225780.5A CN201310225780A CN103314790B CN 103314790 B CN103314790 B CN 103314790B CN 201310225780 A CN201310225780 A CN 201310225780A CN 103314790 B CN103314790 B CN 103314790B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- seedling
- scion
- stock
- grafting
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 241000219109 Citrullus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000422 nocturnal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000913821 Macolor niger Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012913 prioritisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 5
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035929 gnawing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of seedling-cultivating method of autumn in summer watermelon, the method comprises the following steps: in plastic tunnel, carry out stock nursery with Chinese medicine special slag seedling medium, 50 cave plastics cave dishes; Scion nursery is carried out in the Small plastic shed set up in booth, with special scion seedling medium, 45cm × 45cm plastics square position; Stock rough leaf unitary coin size, scion seedling " straight neck " phase carry out grafting, i.e. so-called " Huang Miao " grafting; The management of grafting.The seedling-cultivating method method of operating of autumn in summer watermelon provided by the invention is simple, graft survival rate is high, growing-seedling period is short, efficiency is high, the Grafted Watermelon Seedlings of a large amount of high-quality can be produced in a short time, for the autumn in summer, the subsequent production of watermelon provides good basis, effectively can solve the problem of autumn in real estate summer watermelon market shortage.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to watermelon seedling culturing field, particularly relate to a kind of seedling-cultivating method of autumn in summer watermelon.
Background technology
Autumn in summer watermelon went on the market in 7-8 month, this period, and real estate Early-mid ripening watermelon descends city gradually, and on market, supply falls short of demand for real estate melon, and autumn in summer watermelon goes on the market during this period, has filled up gaps in market.The custom that Nanjing Human have " gnawing the autumn ", the watermelon listing of autumn in summer just meets this requirement.
During autumn in summer watermelon growing, temperature height rainwater is many, and damage by disease and insect is serious, and cultivation has certain difficulty, easily causes the underproduction to have a poor harvest, so nurturing staff is the key technology that autumn in summer watermelon is produced.For the watermelon place of production, mostly the front stubble of autumn in summer watermelon is early mature watermelon, for preventing continuous cropping diseases, must use grafting.During autumn in summer watermelon seedling culturing, temperature is high, the temperature difference is large, must have certain culture facility and supporting seedling growing process.
This technology uses full nutrient matrix nursery, and sterilization method is simple and easy to do effective, therefore can alleviate the generation of damage by disease and insect.Matrix can provide nutrient needed for seedling stage, and full seedling raising process only sprays 1-2 foliage fertilizer (generally using potassium dihydrogen phosphate) saving of labor where necessary, it is fertile to economize, and the use of minimizing agricultural chemicals, easy to operation, breeding efficiency is high.
Full nutrient matrix nursery has good mulch effect, because of matrix and root system looping agglomerating, get seedling and do not hinder root, field planting is substantially without seedling-slowing stage, and greatly can improve the planting survival rates of melon seedling, because the matrix of root attachment itself is a kind of fertilizer, the usage amount of fertilizer can be reduced in field planting field.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is the seedling-cultivating method providing a kind of autumn in summer watermelon, purport cultivates high-quality Grafted Watermelon seedling, improve melon seedling to plant the resistance behind field, overcome that autumn in watermelon summer growing period temperature is high, rainwater is many, insect pest seriously to cultivating the difficulty brought, reaches the production object of high yield high-quality.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of seedling-cultivating method of autumn in summer watermelon, and the method comprises the following steps:
In plastic tunnel, adopt Chinese medicine special slag seedling medium, concrete formula: the dregs of a decoction (through becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing, dry process): peat: vermiculite: perlite 2: 3: 2: 2, (the pH value 6.5-6.8 of this formulation media, EC value: about 2.21ms/cm) 50 cave plastics cave dishes carry out stock nursery;
Set up in booth in Small plastic shed, adopt special scion seedling medium to carry out scion nursery, the special seedling medium of scion is specifically filled a prescription and is: peat: vermiculite 1: 2, the pH value 6.2-6.4 of this formulation media, EC value 0.45-0.55ms/cm;
Stock rough leaf unitary coin size, scion seedling " straight neck " carry out grafting, i.e. so-called " yellow seedling grafting ", and the concrete steps of grafting are
Step one: scion seedling is extracted in advance, embathes 2 times in the basin that 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution is housed;
Step 2, the rough leaf just put on display by stock and growing point are carried the previous day and are erased from base portion, tiltedly stab about 0.5cm dark, until by logical for hypocotyl stamp by bamboo let incision above stock along angle at 45 °, cotyledon line direction;
Step 3, carry out grafting, take out scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm ~ 2.0cm, to splay a cutter, extract the bamboo let in stock, will cut scion hypocotyl in the slope and enter in stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting, and make scion hypocotyl and stock otch with blade
The management of grafting: moisturizing is noted in first three sky, stuffy, as temperature more than 33 DEG C, ventilates among a small circle at shady face, during ventilation, increase water spray number of times.Overcast and rainyly take sunshade net off, suitably reduce water spray number of times.After three days, moisturizing of still will constantly spraying water, opaco every day half of ventilation 2-3 hour and after stronger ventilation mouth and extend ventilation time gradually.Ventilation can be started in hut film two limit after 7 days, time in canopy lower than 15 DEG C, early lid can be lifted late.Can throw off hut covering gradually after 10 days, only at temperature too high (more than 33 DEG C), lid sunshade net is lowered the temperature, and night will cover hut film lower than 15 DEG C.Scion young plant Ye Pingzhan, the true leaf explanation that stands out survives, and nocturnal temperature, less than 15 DEG C, cover hut film.Watermelon seedling culturing autumn in summer, Yin Wendu period high air humidity is little, spray water in time, prevents from wilting, and the seedling notably by canopy limit during water spray is easily wilted and will be sprayed water more.After general 10 days, after grafting survival, seedbed management management by methods routinely, ensure sufficient water supply, does not overcast and rainyly water, fine day preferably the morning 8-9 point or mid-afternoon water.Contained by full nutrient matrix nursery seedling raising process mesostroma, nutrient can meet the needs of seedling growth substantially, only need mend 1-2 foliage fertilizer in the nursery middle and later periods, the millesimal potassium dihydrogen phosphate of general spray, except tiller: should be as soon as possible after grafting survival, repeated multiple timesly except tiller (remove stock and sprout the lateral bud), general 3-4 days once.Autumn in summer watermelon seedling culturing main diseases and insect pests has damping off, anthracnose, virus disease, aphid etc., prevent and treat in time.
Further, stock nursery adopt stock be cucurbit, select No. one, the glad anvil in capital, horizontal small stream long-neck cucurbit; Scion watermelon selects 8424, glad, the black beauty in capital.
Further, sowing time of stock is early and middle ten days in March, and scion is sowing in about 15 days after stock is broadcast.
Further, stock nursery is carried out in plastic tunnel, use the plastics cave dish in 50 caves, the nursery of Chinese medicine special slag seedling medium, seedling medium is specifically filled a prescription: the dregs of a decoction (through becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing, dry process): peat: vermiculite: perlite 2: 3: 2: 2, the pH value 6.5-6.8 of this formulation media, EC value: about 2.1ms/cm
The concrete steps of stock nursery are:
Before step one, stock nursery, every cube of matrix adds 0.5kg, 50% carbendazim fully mixes sterilization thoroughly, is covered with that plastic foil is vexed puts 3 days;
Step 2, sowing stock medium in tray the previous day, be fitly emitted in plastic tunnel, water permeable;
Step 3, seed first shine 2-3d, with the water seed soaking of 50-60 DEG C before broadcasting, will constantly stir until drop to 30 DEG C during seed soaking, naturally 16 hours are soaked with clear water again after cooling, then clean 2-3 time, wrap with wet towel, load in plastic sack and put insulating box into, temperature is transferred to 30 DEG C of vernalization, new seed starts after general 36 hours to germinate, and is sowed at by the Seed Points of germination in the dish of cave, finishes to plant and spreads a water, lid butt matter, card covering film.There is 50% seed sprouting will take mulch film off in time
Step 4, stock cucurbit are emerged rear section top tape shell, must shell by human assistance.Need not water water control water as rough leaf expansion is last, rough leaf will ensure after launching that moisture content is sufficient, when temperature of shed is more than 30 DEG C, notes aeration-cooling.
Further, set up in booth in Small plastic shed, scion nursery is carried out in employing 45cm × 45cm plastics square position, special scion seedling medium, the special seedling medium of scion is specifically filled a prescription and is: peat: vermiculite 1: 2, the pH value 6.2-6.4 of this formulation media, EC value 0.45-0.55ms/cm, the concrete steps of scion nursery are:
Before step one, scion nursery, every cube of matrix adds 0.5kg, 50% carbendazim fully mixes sterilization thoroughly, and plastic covering film is vexed puts 3 days;
Step 2, sowing scion the previous day medium in tray, water vola water, is fitly emitted in the Small plastic shed that sets up in plastic tunnel;
Step 3, seed shine 2-3d, with the water seed soaking of 50-60 DEG C before broadcasting, constantly to stir during seed soaking until drop to 30 DEG C, naturally soak 16 hours with clear water again after cooling, then clean 2-3 time, wrap with wet towel, load in plastic sack and put insulating box into, temperature is transferred to 30 DEG C of vernalization, and new seed is generally in vernalization 80% germination after 24 hours, be spread out in square position, with thin waddy the seed be stacked dialled and scatter.Often dish can sow about 500, finishes to plant to spread a water, lid butt matter, card covering film.Have 50% seed sprouting will take mulch film off in time, after scion is emerged, " straight neck phase " (when two cotyledons are also combined) carries out grafting so-called " yellow seedling grafting ".
Further, grafting after stock is broadcast about 18 days, rough leaf unitary coin size, scion seedling " straight neck " phase carry out, and the concrete steps of grafting are:
Step one, the rough leaf just put on display by stock and growing point are carried the previous day and are erased from base portion, tiltedly stab about 0.5cm dark, until by logical for hypocotyl stamp by bamboo let incision above stock along angle at 45 °, cotyledon line direction
Step 2, scion seedling are extracted in advance, embathe 2 times in the basin that 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution is housed;
Step 3, carry out grafting, take out scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm ~ 2.0cm, to splay a cutter with blade, extract the bamboo let in stock, to cut scion hypocotyl in the slope enters in stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting, scion hypocotyl and stock otch is coincide, and scion cotyledon direction is intersected with stock cotyledon across.
Further, the culture facility of grafting: booth+hut+sunshade net
Further, the management method of grafting is:
Moisturizing is noted in first three sky, stuffy, as temperature more than 33 DEG C, ventilates among a small circle at shady face, during ventilation, increase water spray number of times.Overcast and rainyly take sunshade net off, suitably reduce water spray number of times.After three days, moisturizing of still will constantly spraying water, opaco every day half of ventilation 2-3 hour and after stronger ventilation mouth and extend ventilation time gradually.Ventilation can be started in hut film two limit after 7 days, time in canopy lower than 15 DEG C, early lid can be lifted late.Can throw off hut covering gradually after 10 days, only at temperature too high (more than 33 DEG C), lid sunshade net is lowered the temperature, and night will cover hut film lower than 15 DEG C.Scion young plant Ye Pingzhan, the true leaf explanation that stands out survives, and nocturnal temperature, less than 15 DEG C, cover hut film.Watermelon seedling culturing autumn in summer, Yin Wendu period high air humidity is little, spray water in time, prevents from wilting, and the seedling notably by canopy limit during water spray is easily wilted and will be sprayed water more.After general 10 days, after grafting survival, seedbed management management by methods routinely, ensure sufficient water supply, does not overcast and rainyly water, fine day preferably the morning 8-9 point or mid-afternoon water.Contained by full nutrient matrix nursery seedling raising process mesostroma, nutrient can meet the needs of seedling growth substantially, only need mend 1-2 foliage fertilizer in the nursery middle and later periods, the millesimal potassium dihydrogen phosphate of general spray, except tiller: should be as soon as possible after grafting survival, repeated multiple timesly except tiller (remove stock and sprout the lateral bud), general 3-4 days one time autumn in summer watermelon seedling culturing main diseases and insect pests has damping off, anthracnose, virus disease, aphid etc., prevent and treat in time.
Further, grafting is after 15 days, and during watermelon seedling 3 leaf 1 heart, field planting is to field.
The seedling-cultivating method method of operating of autumn in summer watermelon provided by the invention is simple, grafting survival rate is high, growing-seedling period is short, efficiency is high, the Grafted Watermelon Seedlings of a large amount of high-quality can be produced in a short time, for the autumn in summer, the subsequent production of watermelon provides good basis, effectively can solve the problem of autumn in real estate summer watermelon market shortage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the seedling-cultivating method of autumn in the summer watermelon that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the flow process of the seedling-cultivating method of autumn in summer watermelon provided by the invention.For convenience of explanation, illustrate only part related to the present invention.
The seedling-cultivating method of a kind of autumn in summer watermelon that embodiments of the invention provide, the method comprises the following steps:
Adopt Chinese medicine special slag seedling medium in plastic tunnel, 50 cave plastics cave dishes carry out stock nursery, the concrete formula of seedling medium: the dregs of a decoction (through becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing, dry process): peat: vermiculite: perlite 2: 3: 2: 2, the pH value 6.5-6.8 of this formulation media, EC value: about 2.1ms/cm;
Set up the special scion seedling medium of employing, 45cm × 45cm plastics square position in Small plastic shed in booth and carry out scion nursery; The special seedling medium of scion is specifically filled a prescription and is: peat: vermiculite 1: 2, the pH value 6.2-6.4 of this formulation media, EC0.45-0.55ms/cm,
Stock rough leaf unitary coin size, scion seedling " straight neck " phase carry out grafting and so-called yellow seedling grafting;
The management of grafting.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, the stock that stock nursery adopts is cucurbit, selects No. one, the glad anvil in capital, horizontal small stream long-neck cucurbit; Scion watermelon selects 8424, glad, the black beauty in capital.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, the kind phase of stock is early and middle ten days in March, and scion is sowing in 15 days after stock is broadcast.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, stock nursery is carried out in plastic tunnel, adopt the plastics cave dish in 50 caves, the nursery of Chinese medicine special slag seedling medium specifically fills a prescription: the dregs of a decoction (through becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing, dry process): peat: vermiculite: perlite 2: 3: 2: 2, the pH value 6.5-6.8 of this formulation media, EC value: about 2.1ms/cm
The concrete steps of stock nursery are
Before step one, stock nursery, every cube of matrix adds 0.5kg, 50% carbendazim fully mixes sterilization thoroughly, is covered with that plastic foil is vexed puts 3 days;
Step 2, sowing stock medium in tray the previous day, be fitly emitted in plastic tunnel, water permeable;
Step 3, seed first shine 2-3d, with the water seed soaking of 50-60 DEG C before broadcasting, constantly to stir during seed soaking until drop to 30 DEG C, naturally soak 16 hours with clear water again after cooling, then clean 2-3 time, wrap with wet towel, load in plastic sack and put insulating box into, temperature is transferred to 30 DEG C of vernalization, and new seed is seed sprouting after 36 hours, the Seed Points of germination is sowed in the dish of cave, card covering film;
Step 4, new seed start after general 36 hours to germinate, and are sowed at by the Seed Points of germination in the dish of cave, finish to plant and spread a water, lid butt matter, card covering film.There is 50% seed sprouting will take mulch film stock cucurbit in time off to emerge rear section top tape shell, must shell by human assistance.Need not water water control water as rough leaf expansion is last, rough leaf will ensure after launching that moisture content is sufficient, when temperature of shed is more than 30 DEG C, notes aeration-cooling.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, set up employing 45cm × 45cm plastics square position, special scion seedling medium in Small plastic shed in booth and carry out scion nursery, the special seedling medium of scion is specifically filled a prescription and is: peat: vermiculite 1: 2, the pH value 6.2-6.4 of this formulation media, EC value 0.45-0.55ms/cm.The concrete steps of scion nursery are:
Before step one, scion nursery, every cube of matrix adds 0.5kg, 50% carbendazim fully mixes sterilization thoroughly, and plastic covering film is vexed puts 3 days;
Step 2, sowing scion the previous day medium in tray, be fitly emitted in the Small plastic shed that sets up in plastic tunnel, water vola water;
Step 3, seed shine 2-3d, with the water seed soaking of 50-60 DEG C before broadcasting, constantly to stir during seed soaking until drop to 30 DEG C, naturally soak 16 hours with clear water again after cooling, then clean 2-3 time, wrap with wet towel, load in plastic sack and put insulating box into, temperature is transferred to 30 DEG C of vernalization, and new seed is generally in vernalization 80% germination after 24 hours, be spread out in square position, with thin waddy the seed be stacked dialled and scatter.Often dish can sow about 500, finishes to plant to spread a water, lid butt matter, card covering film.Have 50% seed sprouting will take mulch film off in time, after scion is emerged, " straight neck phase " (when two cotyledons are also combined) carries out grafting, i.e. so-called " yellow seedling grafting ".
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, stock grafting after broadcasting 18 days, carries out when rough leaf unitary coin size, scion seedling " straight neck ", i.e. so-called " yellow seedling grafting ", and the concrete steps of grafting are:
Step one, the rough leaf just put on display by stock and growing point are carried the previous day and are erased from base portion, tiltedly stab about 0.5cm dark, until by logical for hypocotyl stamp by bamboo let incision above stock along angle at 45 °, cotyledon line direction;
Step 2, scion seedling are extracted in advance, embathe 2 times in the basin that 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution is housed;
Step 3, carry out grafting, take out scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm ~ 2.0cm, to splay a cutter with blade, extract the bamboo let in stock, to cut scion hypocotyl in the slope enters in stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting, scion hypocotyl and stock otch is coincide, and scion cotyledon direction is intersected with stock cotyledon across.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, the culture facility of grafting: booth+hut+sunshade net.As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, the management method of grafting is: moisturizing is noted in first three sky, stuffy, as temperature more than 35 DEG C, ventilates among a small circle at shady face, during ventilation, increase water spray number of times.Overcast and rainyly take sunshade net off, suitably reduce water spray number of times.After three days, moisturizing of still will constantly spraying water, opaco every day half of ventilation 2-3 hour and after stronger ventilation mouth and extend ventilation time gradually.Ventilation can be started in hut film two limit after 7 days, time in canopy lower than 15 DEG C, early lid can be lifted late.Can throw off hut covering gradually after 10 days, only at temperature too high (more than 33 DEG C), lid sunshade net is lowered the temperature, and night will cover hut film lower than 15 DEG C.Scion young plant Ye Pingzhan, the true leaf explanation that stands out survives, and nocturnal temperature, less than 15 DEG C, cover hut film.Watermelon seedling culturing autumn in summer, Yin Wendu period high air humidity is little, spray water in time, prevents from wilting, and the seedling notably by canopy limit during water spray is easily wilted and will be sprayed water more.After general 10 days, after grafting survival, seedbed management management by methods routinely, ensure sufficient water supply, does not overcast and rainyly water, fine day preferably the morning 8-9 point or mid-afternoon water.Contained by full nutrient matrix nursery seedling raising process mesostroma, nutrient can meet the needs of seedling growth substantially, only need mend 1-2 foliage fertilizer in the nursery middle and later periods, the millesimal potassium dihydrogen phosphate of general spray, except tiller: should be as soon as possible after grafting survival, repeated multiple timesly except tiller (remove stock and sprout the lateral bud), general 3-4 days one time autumn in summer watermelon seedling culturing main diseases and insect pests has damping off, anthracnose, virus disease, aphid etc., prevent and treat in time.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, grafting is after 15 days, and during watermelon seedling 3 leaf 1 heart, field planting is to field.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, application principle of the present invention is further described.
The seedling-cultivating method of autumn in the summer watermelon that embodiments of the invention provide comprises the following steps:
S101: adopt the plastics cave dish in 50 caves, the nursery of Chinese medicine special slag seedling medium in stock nursery plastic tunnel, concrete formula: the dregs of a decoction (through becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing, dry process): peat: vermiculite: perlite 2: 3: 2: 2, the pH value 6.5-6.8 of this formulation media, EC value: about 2.1ms/cm
The concrete steps of stock nursery are;
S102: set up the special scion seedling medium of employing, 45cm × 45cm plastics square position in Small plastic shed in booth and carry out scion nursery; The special seedling medium of scion is specifically filled a prescription and is: peat: vermiculite 1: 2, the pH value 6.2-6.4ms/cm of this formulation media, EC value 0.45-0.55ms/cm,
S103: nursery rough leaf unitary coin size, scion seedling " straight neck " phase carry out grafting, i.e. so-called " yellow seedling grafting "
S104: the management of grafting.
The seedling-cultivating method specific embodiment of autumn in the summer watermelon that embodiments of the invention provide is as follows:
One, Fruit variety: stock, with cucurbit, selects No. one, the glad anvil in capital, horizontal small stream long-neck cucurbit etc.; Scion watermelon selects 8424, capital is glad, black beauty etc.
Two, sowing time: stock early and middle ten days in March; Scion is sowing in about 15 days after stock is broadcast.
Three, seeding growing seedlings method:
1, stock nursery: carry out in plastic tunnel, cave dish (50 cave), the nursery of Chinese medicine special slag seedling medium, concrete formula: the dregs of a decoction (through becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing, dry process): peat: vermiculite: perlite 2: 3: 2: 2, the pH value 6.5-6.8 of this formulation media, EC value: about 2.1ms/cm
。Before nursery, every cube of matrix adds 0.5kg, 50% carbendazim fully mixes sterilization thoroughly, is covered with that plastic foil is vexed puts 3 days.Sowing medium in tray the previous day, waters permeable, is fitly emitted in plastic tunnel.Seed first shines 2-3d, with the water seed soaking of 50-60 DEG C before broadcasting, will constantly stir until drop to 30 DEG C during seed soaking, naturally soaks more than 16 hours with clear water again after cooling, then cleans 2-3 time.Wrap with wet towel, load in plastic sack and put insulating box into, temperature is transferred to 30 DEG C of vernalization, and new seed starts after general 36 hours to germinate, and is sowed at by the Seed Points of germination in the dish of cave, finishes to plant and spreads a water, lid butt matter, card covering film.There is 50% seed sprouting will take mulch film off in time
Stock cucurbit emerges rear section top tape shell, must shell by human assistance.Need not water water control water as rough leaf expansion is last, rough leaf will ensure after launching that moisture content is sufficient, during temperature of shed more than 30 DEG C, notes aeration-cooling.
2, scion nursery: set up in booth in Small plastic shed and carry out.Use 45cm × 45cm plastics square position, the nursery of special scion seedling medium, the special seedling medium of scion is specifically filled a prescription and is: peat: vermiculite 1: 2, the pH value 6.2-6.4 of this formulation media, EC0.45-0.55ms/cm.The same stock of matrix, seed treatment, germination accelerating method.Sow the previous day, medium in tray, waters vola water.Cleaning 2-3 time, wraps with wet towel, and load in plastic sack and put insulating box into, temperature is transferred to 30 DEG C of vernalization, and new seed generally 80% to be germinateed after 24 hours in vernalization, is spread out in square position, to be dialled by the seed be stacked scatter with thin waddy.Often dish can sow about 500, finishes to plant to spread a water, lid butt matter, card covering film.Have 50% seed sprouting will take mulch film off in time, after scion is emerged, " straight neck phase " (when two cotyledons are also combined) carries out grafting so-called " yellow seedling grafting ".
Four, grafting: after stock is broadcast about 18 days, rough leaf unitary coin size, carries out time scion seedling " straight neck ", i.e. so-called " yellow seedling grafting ".
The rough leaf just put on display by stock and growing point are carried the previous day and are erased from base portion, about 0.5cm is tiltedly stabbed along angle at 45 °, cotyledon line direction afterwards dark by bamboo let incision above stock, until by logical for hypocotyl stamp a little. after scion seedling is extracted in advance, in the basin that 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution is housed, embathe 2 times.During grafting, take out scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm ~ 2.0cm, to splay a cutter with blade, extract rapidly the bamboo let in stock, to cut scion hypocotyl in the slope enters in stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting exactly, makes it just to coincide with stock otch, and scion cotyledon direction is intersected with stock cotyledon across.
Five, the management of grafting
Culture facility: booth+hut+sunshade net.
Moisturizing is noted in first three sky, stuffy, as temperature more than 33 DEG C, ventilates among a small circle at shady face, during ventilation, increase water spray number of times.Overcast and rainyly take sunshade net off, suitably reduce water spray number of times.After three days, moisturizing of still will constantly spraying water, opaco every day half of ventilation 2-3 hour and after stronger ventilation mouth and extend ventilation time gradually.Ventilation can be started in hut film two limit after 7 days, time in canopy lower than 15 DEG C, early lid can be lifted late.Can throw off hut covering gradually after 10 days, only at temperature too high (more than 33 DEG C), lid sunshade net is lowered the temperature, and night will cover hut film lower than 15 DEG C.Scion young plant Ye Pingzhan, the true leaf explanation that stands out survives, and nocturnal temperature, less than 15 DEG C, cover hut film.Watermelon seedling culturing autumn in summer, Yin Wendu period high air humidity is little, spray water in time, prevents from wilting, and the seedling notably by canopy limit during water spray is easily wilted and will be sprayed water more.After general 10 days, after grafting survival, seedbed management management by methods routinely, ensure sufficient water supply, does not overcast and rainyly water, fine day preferably the morning 8-9 point or mid-afternoon water.Contained by full nutrient matrix nursery seedling raising process mesostroma, nutrient can meet the needs of seedling growth substantially, 1-2 foliage fertilizer can be mended in the nursery middle and later periods, the millesimal potassium dihydrogen phosphate of general spray, except tiller: should be as soon as possible after grafting survival, repeated multiple timesly except tiller (remove stock and sprout the lateral bud), general 3-4 days one time autumn in summer watermelon seedling culturing main diseases and insect pests has damping off, anthracnose, virus disease, aphid etc., prevent and treat in time.
Six, general grafting is after 15 days, and during watermelon seedling 3 leaf 1 heart, field planting is to field.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a seedling-cultivating method for autumn in summer watermelon, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
Chinese medicine special slag seedling medium is adopted to carry out stock nursery in plastic tunnel;
Set up Small plastic shed in booth, adopt special scion seedling medium to carry out scion nursery;
Grafting is carried out during stock rough leaf unitary coin size;
The management of grafting;
Chinese medicine special slag seedling medium is specifically filled a prescription: through becoming thoroughly decomposed, pulverizing, the dregs of a decoction of dry process: peat: vermiculite: perlite 2: 3: 2: 2, the pH value 6.5-6.8 of this formulation media, EC value: about 2.1ms/cm;
The special seedling medium of scion is specifically filled a prescription and is: peat: vermiculite 1: 2, the pH value 6.2-6.4 of this formulation media, EC value 0.45-0.55ms/cm;
The cucurbit stock that stock nursery adopts, selects No. one, the glad anvil in capital, super rich F1, horizontal small stream long-neck cucurbit; Scion watermelon selects 8424, glad, the black beauty in capital;
The sowing time of stock is early and middle ten days in March, and scion is sowing in 15 days after stock is broadcast;
Stock nursery is carried out in plastic tunnel, adopts the plastics cave dish in 50 caves; The concrete steps of stock nursery are:
Before step one, stock nursery, every cube of matrix adds 0.5kg, 50% powder of carbendazim fully mixes sterilization thoroughly, is covered with that plastic foil is vexed puts 3 days;
Step 2, sowing stock medium in tray the previous day, be fitly emitted in plastic tunnel, matrix water permeable;
Step 3, seed first shine 2-3d, with the water seed soaking of 50-60 DEG C before broadcasting, will constantly stir until drop to 30 DEG C during seed soaking, naturally soak 16 hours with clear water again after cooling, then clean 2-3 time, wrap with wet towel, load in plastic sack and put insulating box into, temperature is transferred to 30 DEG C of vernalization; New seed after 36 hours seed germinate successively; The Seed Points of germination is sowed in the dish of cave, finishes to plant and spread a water, lid butt matter, card covering film; There is 50% seed sprouting will take mulch film off in time;
Step 4, stock cucurbit are emerged rear section top tape shell, must shell by human assistance; Rough leaf need not be watered before launching, and rough leaf will ensure after launching that moisture content is sufficient, when temperature of shed is more than 30 DEG C, notes aeration-cooling;
Educate scion seedling in the Small plastic shed set up in booth, adopt 45cm × 45cm plastics square position, adopt special scion seedling medium to carry out scion nursery; The concrete steps of scion nursery are:
Before step one, scion nursery, every cube of matrix adds 0.5kg, 50% carbendazim fully mixes sterilization thoroughly, and plastic covering film is vexed puts 3 days;
Step 2, sowing scion the previous day medium in tray, be fitly emitted in Small plastic shed, matrix water vola water;
Step 3, seed shine 2-3d, with the water seed soaking of 50-60 DEG C before broadcasting, constantly to stir during seed soaking until drop to 30 DEG C, naturally soak 16 hours with clear water again after cooling, then 2-3 time is cleaned, wrap with wet towel, load in plastic sack and put insulating box into, temperature is transferred to 30 DEG C of vernalization, new seed is in vernalization after 24 hours, have during 80% seed germination and sow, seed is spread out in square position, with thin waddy the seed be stacked dialled and scatter; Often coil sowing 500, finish to plant and spread a water, lid butt matter, card covering film, have 50% seed sprouting will take mulch film off in time, scion is emerged when rear two cotyledons are also combined and is carried out grafting and so-called yellow seedling grafting;
Grafting after stock is broadcast about 18 days, carry out during the straight neck of rough leaf unitary coin size, scion seedling, the concrete steps of grafting are:
Step one, scion seedling are extracted in advance, embathe 2 times in the basin that 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution is housed;
Step 2, the rough leaf just put on display by stock and growing point are carried the previous day and are erased from base portion, become 450 jiaos tiltedly to stab about 0.5cm deeply, until by logical for hypocotyl stamp by bamboo let incision above stock along cotyledon line direction;
Step 3, carry out grafting, take out scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm ~ 2.0cm, to splay a cutter with blade, extract the bamboo let in stock, to cut scion hypocotyl in the slope enters in stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting, scion hypocotyl and stock otch is coincide, and scion cotyledon direction is intersected with stock cotyledon across;
The culture facility of grafting: booth+hut+sunshade net;
The management method of grafting is: moisturizing is noted in first three sky, stuffy, as temperature more than 33 DEG C, ventilates among a small circle at shady face, during ventilation, increase water spray number of times; Overcast and rainyly take sunshade net off, suitably reduce water spray number of times; After three days, moisturizing of still will constantly spraying water, opaco every day half of ventilation 2-3 hour and after stronger ventilation mouth and extend ventilation time gradually; After 7 days, hut film two limit starts ventilation, time in canopy lower than 15 DEG C, lifts early lid late; Throw off hut covering gradually after 10 days, only more than 33 DEG C, lid sunshade net is lowered the temperature, and night will cover hut film lower than 15 DEG C; Scion young plant Ye Pingzhan, the true leaf explanation that stands out survives, and nocturnal temperature, less than 15 DEG C, cover hut film; Watermelon seedling culturing autumn in summer, Yin Wendu period high air humidity is little, spray water in time, prevents from wilting, and the seedling notably by canopy limit during water spray is easily wilted and will be sprayed water more; After 10 days, after grafting survival, seedbed management management by methods routinely, ensure sufficient water supply, does not overcast and rainyly water, fine day the morning 8-9 point or mid-afternoon water; Grafting is after 15 days, and during watermelon seedling 3 leaf 1 heart, field planting is to field; Contained by full nutrient matrix seedling raising process mesostroma, nutrient can meet the needs of seedling growth substantially, only need mend 1-2 foliage fertilizer in the nursery middle and later periods, spray millesimal potassium dihydrogen phosphate, except tiller: should be as soon as possible after grafting survival, repeated multiple timesly except tiller, 3-4 days once; Autumn in summer watermelon seedling culturing damage by disease and insect will be prevented and treated in time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310225780.5A CN103314790B (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2013-06-05 | A kind of seedling-cultivating method of autumn in summer watermelon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310225780.5A CN103314790B (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2013-06-05 | A kind of seedling-cultivating method of autumn in summer watermelon |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103314790A CN103314790A (en) | 2013-09-25 |
| CN103314790B true CN103314790B (en) | 2015-12-23 |
Family
ID=49184081
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310225780.5A Expired - Fee Related CN103314790B (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2013-06-05 | A kind of seedling-cultivating method of autumn in summer watermelon |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103314790B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103782811B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-09-02 | 武汉市农业科学研究所 | A kind of watermelon plantlet in vitro test tube micro-grafting method |
| CN104429499B (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-12-26 | 吴任平 | A kind of method of horse mound kind of watermelon industrial seedling rearing |
| CN104604541A (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2015-05-13 | 刘伟 | Watermelon grafting seedling-cultivating method |
| CN104838757B (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2016-08-17 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of method of calabash presoaking and germinating |
| CN104904502A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-16 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Method for grating potted seedling cultivation of watermelon in summer |
| CN105123230A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽鹏翔生态农业有限公司 | Early spring greenhouse watermelon planting method |
| CN105850516A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-17 | 宁夏天瑞产业集团现代农业有限公司 | Watermelon seedling grafting technology and management method thereof |
| CN106673822A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-17 | 济南市蔬菜技术推广服务中心 | Melon seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN107493892A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-22 | 宁涛 | A kind of summer and autumn cultivation method of greenhouse watermelon |
| CN110122091A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-16 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | A kind of method that Cd content reduces Cd Pollution in Soil simultaneously in reduction Watermelon Fruit |
| CN111194669A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-05-26 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Method for cultivating regular and strong calabash stock seedlings |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102138499A (en) * | 2011-03-20 | 2011-08-03 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Watermelon seedling culturing substrate and application thereof |
| CN102907264A (en) * | 2012-10-13 | 2013-02-06 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Method for raising watermelon seedlings by dual-root-cutting grafting |
-
2013
- 2013-06-05 CN CN201310225780.5A patent/CN103314790B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102138499A (en) * | 2011-03-20 | 2011-08-03 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Watermelon seedling culturing substrate and application thereof |
| CN102907264A (en) * | 2012-10-13 | 2013-02-06 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Method for raising watermelon seedlings by dual-root-cutting grafting |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| 中药渣基质穴盘嫁接西瓜苗大棚栽培技术;李小妹等;《现代农业科技》;20081231(第12期);第38-39页 * |
| 南京地区温室春季穴盘西瓜嫁接育苗关键技术;唐懋华等;《上海蔬菜》;20071231(第6期);第98-99页 * |
| 江淮地区大棚礼品西瓜夏延栽培技术;欧阳等;《安徽农学通报》;20081231;第14卷(第23期);第190、223页 * |
| 西瓜双断根嫁接育苗技术;高丰等;《长江蔬菜》;20111231(第19期);第22-23页 * |
| 西瓜砧木专用型育苗基质配方研究;成维东等;《中国园艺文摘》;20121231(第4期);第3、15-17页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103314790A (en) | 2013-09-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103314790B (en) | A kind of seedling-cultivating method of autumn in summer watermelon | |
| CN102282987B (en) | Cultivation method for premature small watermelon | |
| CN104126397B (en) | Bletilla striata direct sowing and seedling method | |
| CN106376343B (en) | The semilate rice ratooning rice Chinese milk vetch efficient ecological anniversary implantation methods | |
| CN103155783B (en) | Method of cultivating early-maturing common head cabbage strong seedlings | |
| CN105230333B (en) | A kind of safflower-rice, tree peony and green vegetables crop rotation implantation methods | |
| CN102919011B (en) | Stock plant nutrition supply method for strawberry seedling breeding | |
| CN104429500A (en) | Summer leaf vegetable organic production method | |
| CN103609413A (en) | Organic ecotype soilless culture technology for Cucurbita pepo L in sunlight greenhouse | |
| CN103766126B (en) | Method for rapidly culturing tea tree seedlings in numerically-controlled greenhouse | |
| CN102972190A (en) | Method for grafting watermelons and cultivating grafted seedlings | |
| CN103477858A (en) | Cherry tomato planting method | |
| CN104206150A (en) | Method for improving seed production yield of common head cabbage sterile line | |
| CN103299790A (en) | Method for planting pumpkin | |
| CN103380698A (en) | Greenhouse medium seedling method of seedless watermelon | |
| CN103385083A (en) | Method for cultivating and strengthening eggplant seedlings in spring greenhouse | |
| CN105165368A (en) | Method for rapidly breeding seedlings by using bletilla striata tubers | |
| CN105340512A (en) | Cultivation method for miniature pumpkins | |
| CN101627729B (en) | High-quality corm of colorful calla and method for cultivating same | |
| CN105145133A (en) | Eggplant cultivation method at middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River after later autumn | |
| CN105557280B (en) | The management method of envirment factor in shallot seedling raising process | |
| CN101015255A (en) | Basin Primula bulleyana culture method in greenhouse | |
| CN101743908A (en) | Tissue culture, rapid propagation and cultivation method of grevillea banksii | |
| CN107873415A (en) | Winter warm type big shack tomato interplants the cultural method of cowpea crop rotation muskmelon | |
| CN104335801A (en) | Method for increasing seed production yield of sterile line of broccoli |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20151223 |